STRINGSTRING
LeuRS LeuRS sn sn lz lz Cht9 Cht9 Cht12 Cht12 shg shg Cht7 Cht7 CkIalpha CkIalpha lic lic hep hep Pvf1 Pvf1 Eig71Ee Eig71Ee Hml Hml pbl pbl CG3294 CG3294 Ser12 Ser12 cold cold Pc Pc Arpc4 Arpc4 Tg Tg Glt Glt Mtpalpha Mtpalpha holn1 holn1 Utx Utx EMC3 EMC3 Stam Stam Idgf1 Idgf1 grp grp CG15170 CG15170 fon fon Coq3 Coq3 puc puc Ras85D Ras85D Cht5 Cht5 Akt1 Akt1 udt udt CG11089 CG11089 Cad96Ca Cad96Ca Idgf5 Idgf5 Rho1 Rho1 scb scb shot shot tum tum Mmp2 Mmp2 PPO2 PPO2 Eaf Eaf glo glo chic chic Gs1l Gs1l Mmp1 Mmp1 kay kay CG42259 CG42259 kst kst Eb1 Eb1 TTLL4A TTLL4A pcm pcm Pvr Pvr PPO1 PPO1 bsk bsk CG31805 CG31805 mask mask Cht2 Cht2 aralar1 aralar1 CG7627 CG7627 Cdc42 Cdc42 Jra Jra CG30010 CG30010 Atg2 Atg2 Fhos Fhos RhoGEF3 RhoGEF3 ed ed Csgalnact Csgalnact sqh sqh Idgf6 Idgf6 Idgf3 Idgf3 Idgf4 Idgf4 CG6005 CG6005
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
LeuRSLeucyl-tRNA synthetase, isoform A; leucine-tRNA ligase activity; ATP binding; aminoacyl-tRNA editing activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: leucyl-tRNA aminoacylation; wound healing; Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (1182 aa)
snProtein singed; Acts as an actin bundling protein. May have a role in the asymmetric organization and/or movement of cytoplasmic components. It has a role in somatic cells during the formation of adult bristles and hairs, and in the female germline during oogenesis. (512 aa)
lzProtein lozenge; Involved in prepatterning photoreceptor precursors in the developing eye; in the larval eye disk it defines a subset of cells as an equipotential group that is competent to respond to the sevenless developmental signal and another subset that confer proper photoreceptor identity by positively regulating the homeo box gene Bar. Involved in the aop/pnt dynamic in a Ras-dependent manner to regulate pros expression. Promotes apoptosis in the pupal eye by directly activating aos and klu. Also modulates hid- and rpr-mediated cell death. Regulates amos function in olfactory s [...] (826 aa)
Cht9Chitinase 9 (Cht9) encodes an enzyme involved in the formation of chitin-based extracellular matrix at barrier tissues; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. (368 aa)
Cht12Chitinase 12 (Cht12) encodes an enzyme involved in cuticle development, ecdysis and wound healing; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. (470 aa)
shgDE-cadherin; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. In connecting cells they preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. During oogenesis, integral component of the guidance mechanisms that regulate the directional persistent collective migration of the border cell (BC) cluster through the nurse cells to the oocyte. Functions downstream of the two chemoattractant receptors, Pvr and Egfr, to promote BC adhesion between the leader cells of the migrating cluster and the surroundi [...] (1507 aa)
Cht7Chitinase 7 (Cht7) encodes an enzyme involved in cuticle development, ecdysis and wound healing; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. (1013 aa)
CkIalphaCasein kinase I isoform alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. Can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Negative regulator of wg signaling. Phosphorylates arm directly or indirectly and stimulates its degradation which prevents inappropriate wg signaling. Phosphorylates smo which promotes its accumulation at the cell surface and its signaling activity in response to hh. Together with dco, regulates proteolytic processing of ci by phosphorylating it which promotes its binding to slmb, the F [...] (337 aa)
licLicorne (lic) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates p38 MAP kinases. (334 aa)
hepDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous; Required for the epithelial cell sheet movement called dorsal closure (DC), which allows establishment of the dorsal epidermis. Controls the expression in the dorsal epithelium edges of another dorsal closure gene, puckered (puc). Phosphorylates and activates the MAP kinase bsk; bsk signal transduction pathway mediates an immune response and morphogenesis; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (1178 aa)
Pvf1PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1 (Pvf1) encodes a PDGF- and VEGF-related factor that binds to and activates the receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by Pvr. It is involved in cell migration regulation and it has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1, Rho family small GTPases and the JNK cascade, in a context-dependent manner; Belongs to the PDGF/VEGF growth factor family. (325 aa)
Eig71EeEcdysone-induced gene 71Ee (Eig71Ee) encodes a protein of unknown function. It is expressed in larvae in both salivary glue and the hemolymph clot, where it is a substrate of the product of Tg. (445 aa)
HmlHemolectin, isoform A; Hemolectin (Hml) encodes a large multidomain protein produced by hemocytes and involved in the clotting reaction. (3843 aa)
pblPebble, isoform B; Pebble (pbl) encodes a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor that contributes to multiple processes involving actin cytoskeleton reorganization, including cytokinesis, axogenesis and wound healing as well as cell shape regulation and cell migration during gastrulation. (1311 aa)
CG3294Uncharacterized protein, isoform A; pre-mRNA 3'-splice site binding; metal ion binding; mRNA binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; wound healing. (456 aa)
Ser12Serine protease 12; Serine-type endopeptidase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: wound healing; proteolysis; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (245 aa)
coldCoiled, isoform A; Coiled (cold) encodes a membrane glycoprotein of the Ly6 family that is required for the formation of septate junctions in both epithelial tissues and in sub-perineural glial cells. (153 aa)
PcPolycomb group protein Pc; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. PcG proteins act by forming multiprotein complexes, which are required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of homeotic genes throughout development. PcG proteins are not required to initiate repression, but to maintain it during later stages of development. Component of the PcG multiprotein PRC1 complex, a complex that acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-118', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. Promotes locus-specif [...] (390 aa)
Arpc4Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 4; Functions as actin-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex which is involved in regulation of actin polymerization and together with an activating nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) mediates the formation of branched actin networks. Seems to contact the mother actin filament. (168 aa)
TgTransglutaminase, isoform A; Transglutaminase (Tg) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the isopeptide bond formation of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds in a Ca[2+]-dependent manner. It maintains the homeostasis of gut microbiota and promotes peritrophic matrix formation, as well as mediating cuticular morphogenesis and haemolymph coagulation. (776 aa)
GltGlutactin (Glt) encodes a secreted protein that belongs to the family of cholinesterase/carboxylesterase-like proteins but lacks the catalytically active residues. It forms part of the basement membrane and regulates axonal outgrowth. (1026 aa)
MtpalphaMitochondrial trifunctional protein alpha subunit (Mtpalpha) encodes a subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein. It possesses 3-enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, which catalyze the second and third steps,respectively, of the beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. (783 aa)
holn1CD2 antigen cytoplasmic tail-binding protein 2 homolog; Required for embryonic epithelial tissue repair, but not for the assembly of the actomyosin cable at the wound edge. Probably acts downstream of rl in the regulation of Ddc and msn transcription to promote wound healing. (319 aa)
UtxUtx histone demethylase (Utx) encodes a Jumonji C containing protein that catalyzes the removal of methyl groups from Histone H3 lysine 27. Together with the products of trr and Lpt, it is thought to regulate chromatin structure at transcriptional enhancers. (1136 aa)
EMC3ER Membrane protein Complex 3 (EMC3) encodes a subunit of the ER membrane protein complex (EMC). In fly retinas, EMC has been shown to be essential for the biosynthesis of multi-pass membrane proteins, but not for single-pass membrane proteins and secretory proteins. (247 aa)
StamSignal transducing adaptor molecule (Stam) encodes a component of the ESCRT-0 complex, which mediates multivesicular body formation. It is involved in RTK signaling regulation, tracheal cell migration and endosomal trafficking. (689 aa)
Idgf1Chitinase-like protein Idgf1; Cooperates with insulin-like peptides to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disk cells. May act by stabilizing the binding of insulin-like peptides to its receptor through a simultaneous interaction with both molecules to form a multiprotein signaling complex. (439 aa)
grpSerine/threonine-protein kinase grp; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. May phosphorylate the CDC25 phosphatase stg, which promotes its degradation. This results in increased inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdk1-cyclin complexes and consequent inhibition of cell cycle progression. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase [...] (512 aa)
CG15170Uncharacterized protein, isoform A; It is involved in the biological process described with: wound healing. (561 aa)
fonFondue, isoform B; Fondue (fon) encodes a protein produced by the fat body that is involved in the clotting reaction. (577 aa)
Coq3Ubiquinone biosynthesis O-methyltransferase, mitochondrial; O-methyltransferase that catalyzes the 2 O-methylation steps in the ubiquinone biosynthetic pathway; Belongs to the class I-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. UbiG/COQ3 family. (310 aa)
pucPuckered, isoform A; Puckered (puc) encodes a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that mediates a feedback loop that regulates the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway. (476 aa)
Ras85DRas-like protein 1; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by regulating cell growth, survival of postmitotic ommatidial cells and differentiation of photoreceptor cells. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (189 aa)
Cht5Chitinase 5 (Cht5) encodes an enzyme involved in the formation of chitin-based extracellular matrix at barrier tissues; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. (595 aa)
Akt1RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...] (611 aa)
udtLD32918p; It is involved in the biological process described with: wound healing. (619 aa)
CG11089RE29555p; IMP cyclohydrolase activity; phosphoribosylaminoimidazolecarboxamide formyltransferase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: wound healing; 'de novo' IMP biosynthetic process. (590 aa)
Cad96CaCadherin 96Ca (Cad96Ca) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that is a direct target of the transcription factor encoded by grh and is required for epidermal wound healing. It cooperates with the product of InR during wing growth. (773 aa)
Idgf5Chitinase-like protein Idgf5; Probably required to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disk cells. May act by stabilizing the binding of insulin-like peptides to its receptor through a simultaneous interaction with both molecules to form a multiprotein signaling complex (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. IDGF subfamily. (444 aa)
Rho1Ras-like GTP-binding protein Rho1; Has a role in regulating actin cytoskeletal organization: required during early development for proper execution of morphogenetic movements of individual cells and groups of cells important for the formation of the embryonic body plan. Plays a role in regulating dorsal closure during embryogenesis. During axis elongation, required for Rho-kinase Rok planar polarity and adherens junction localization as well as for generating a planar polarized distribution of the actin-binding protein Shrm. During embryogenesis, acts upstream of wash to regulate the d [...] (192 aa)
scbIntegrin alpha-PS3 heavy chain; Integrin alpha-PS3/beta-PS is a receptor for laminin. Also binds to wb. Important during embryogenesis for the development of the trachea, dorsal vessel and salivary gland, as well as for dorsal closure. Required for short-term memory processes. Minor involvement in the establishment of the oocyte anterior-posterior length. Plays a role in timely border cell migration during oogenesis, probably mediated by JNK signaling. Integrin alpha-PS3/Itgbn is required for effective phagocytosis of apoptotic cells during embryonic development and for the phagocytic [...] (1115 aa)
shotShort stop (shot) encodes a member of the spectraplakin family of large cytoskeletal linker molecules. It binds both actin and microtubules, as well as scaffold proteins, certain signalling factors and calcium. It plays developmental and maintenance roles in the nervous system, the epidermis, at muscle attachments, the foregut, the wing, tracheae and oocytes. (8805 aa)
tumTumbleweed (tum) encodes a GTPase activating protein for Rho family GTPases involved in Wnt signalling regulation. (625 aa)
Mmp2Matrix metalloproteinase-2; Has metalloproteinase activity. Required for larval tissue histolysis during metamorphosis and is involved in pupal head eversion and fusion of the wing imaginal tissue. Required for growth of the dorsal air sac primordium and development of the dorsal air sacs. Promotes embryonic motor axon fasciculation. Cleaves and activates frac to promote motor axon bundling during outgrowth. Promotes the reshaping of adult sensory neuron dendrites from a radial to lattice-like shape which occurs after eclosion by degrading the basement membrane on which the dendrites g [...] (758 aa)
PPO2Prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2) encodes a protein stored in large crystals in the crystal cells (a type of hemocyte cell) that is involved in the melanization reaction. It contributes to melanization around wounds and wasp encapsulation and is thought to be activated by proteolytic cleavage by the product of Hayan. (684 aa)
EafELL-associated factor (Eaf) encodes a protein interactor of the ELL homolog encoded by Su(Tpl). It increases the ability of the product of Su(Tpl) to enhance transcription elongation of RNA Polymerase II. (504 aa)
gloGlorund, isoform A; Glorund (glo) encodes a hnRNP F/H family RNA-binding protein that binds directly to nos mRNA and regulates its translation during late stages of oogenesis. The functions of the product of glo include nurse cell nuclear chromatin organization, axis patterning as well as being required for viability to adulthood. (586 aa)
chicProfilin; Chickadee (chic) encodes an actin monomer binding protein that provides the major cellular pool of readily polymerizing ATP-actin monomers. It is involved in oogenesis, spermatogenesis, cell division, bristle formation, cellular morphogenesis, axon growth, filopodia formation, dorsal closure, wound healing and stem cell maintenance. (126 aa)
Gs1lProbable pseudouridine-5'-phosphatase; Dephosphorylates pseudouridine 5'-phosphate, a potential intermediate in rRNA degradation. (231 aa)
Mmp1Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (Mmp1) encodes a proteinase that cleaves proteins in the extracellular matrix. It is involved in tissue histolysis and remodeling during metamorphosis, tracheal remodeling, wound healing, wing regeneration, neoplastic growth, and circadian behavior. It has been used as a reporter for JNK signaling since it is upregulated by the pathway. (584 aa)
kayTranscription factor kayak, isoforms A/B/F; Developmentally regulated transcription factor AP-1 binds and recognizes the enhancer DNA sequence: 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. May play a role in the function or determination of a particular subset of cells in the developing embryo. It is able to carry out its function either independently of or in conjunction with Jra. Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily. (755 aa)
CG42259GH03322p1; Protein homodimerization activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: hemolymph coagulation. (92 aa)
kstKarst, isoform E; Karst (kst) encodes a protein that, together with the product of alpha-Spec, crosslinks F-actin and acts as a molecular scaffold. It is recruited to the apical membrane of epithelial cells by the apical determinant encoded by crb. The roles of the product of kst include endosomal trafficking, cell adhesion, cell signaling and growth control. (4337 aa)
Eb1Eb1, isoform F; Eb1 (Eb1) encodes a microtubule end-binding protein that contributes to organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. It is involved in chromosome segregation, wound healing and flight behavior. (297 aa)
TTLL4ATubulin tyrosine ligase-like 4A, isoform D; ATP binding; tubulin-glutamic acid ligase activity; protein-glycine ligase activity; tubulin binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: protein polyglutamylation; microtubule cytoskeleton organization; protein polyglycylation; wound healing. (1071 aa)
pcm5'-3' exoribonuclease 1; Pacman (pcm) encodes an exoribonuclease that degrades decapped mRNA. It is involved in epithelial closure, male fertility, apoptosis and growth control. (1613 aa)
PvrReceptor protein-tyrosine kinase; PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related (Pvr) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of PDGF- and VEGF-related factors (encoded by Pvf1, Pvf2 or Pvf3). It is involved in cell migration regulation and it has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1, Rho family small GTPases and the JNK cascade, in a context-dependent manner. (1577 aa)
PPO1Prophenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) encodes a protein produced by crystal cells (a type of hemocyte cell) and is involved in the melanization reaction, notably upon wounding. It is thought to be activated by proteolytic cleavage by the serine protease encoded by Hayan. (690 aa)
bskStress-activated protein kinase JNK; Responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as Jra and also the transcriptional repressor aop, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. Component of the immune response activated by bacterial infection, and is involved in wound healing and in dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during embryogenesis. Functions in the systematic response to wounding acting downstream of the Hayan-phenoloxidase PPO1 cascade. Exhibits cytoprotective activity in neuronal c [...] (372 aa)
CG31805Uncharacterized protein, isoform C; It is involved in the biological process described with: wound healing. (641 aa)
maskAnkyrin repeat and KH domain-containing protein mask; Mediator of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling, and may act either downstream of MAPK or transduce signaling through a parallel branch of the RTK pathway. Required for the development and organization of indirect flight muscle sarcomeres by regulating the formation of M line and H zone and the correct assembly of thick and thin filaments in the sarcomere. (4010 aa)
Cht2Probable chitinase 2; Chitin binding; chitinase activity. (484 aa)
aralar1Calcium-binding mitochondrial carrier protein Aralar1; Mitochondrial and calcium-binding carrier that catalyzes the calcium-dependent exchange of cytoplasmic glutamate with mitochondrial aspartate across the mitochondrial inner membrane. (707 aa)
CG7627FI20146p1; ATPase activity; ATP binding; ATPase-coupled transmembrane transporter activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: transmembrane transport; wound healing. (1355 aa)
Cdc42Cdc42 (Cdc42) encodes a GTPase signaling protein that acts as a molecular switch and functions as key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a central role in diverse biological processes including actin cytoskeleton organization, mophogenesis, hemocyte migration, cell polarity, and wound repair. (191 aa)
JraTranscription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Plays a role in dorsal closure. Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (372 aa)
CG30010UPF0598 protein CG30010; Belongs to the UPF0598 family. (167 aa)
Atg2Autophagy-related 2 (Atg2) encodes a protein known to be required for autophagy. (1906 aa)
FhosFormin homology 2 domain containing (Fhos) encodes a protein that regulates actin-dependent remodeling of muscle cytoskeleton via induction of actin stress fibers, directs macrophage migration during cellular immune response, and is involved in autophagic programmed cell death. (2528 aa)
RhoGEF3Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; actin cytoskeleton reorganization; melanotic encapsulation of foreign target; response to wounding; wound healing. (3519 aa)
edEchinoid, isoform A; Echinoid (ed) encodes a cell adhesion molecule of adherens junctions that mediate cell adhesion/recognition. It participates in multiple signaling pathways including Egfr, Notch and Hippo during organogenesis. It is also required in multiple steps of dorsal closure during embryogenesis. (1332 aa)
CsgalnactHexosyltransferase; Glucuronylgalactosylproteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: wound healing. (540 aa)
sqhSpaghetti squash (sqh) encodes the regulatory light chain of the nonmuscle type 2 myosin. Its phosphorylation through the Rho-Rho Kinase pathway is predicted to activate myosin motor activity. The product of sqh and myosin function in cellular processes such as cytokinesis, and also contribute to tissue morphogenesis. (174 aa)
Idgf6Imaginal disc growth factor 6 (Idgf6) is one of six genes in the IDGF family, which evolved from chitinases that lost their enzymatic activity. Idgf6 encodes a secreted protein that is highly expressed in larval fat body and adult head. Idgf6 product is involved in molting and egg chamber tube morphogenesis. (452 aa)
Idgf3Chitinase-like protein Idgf3; Cooperates with insulin-like peptides to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disk cells. May act by stabilizing the binding of insulin-like peptides to its receptor through a simultaneous interaction with both molecules to form a multiprotein signaling complex; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. IDGF subfamily. (441 aa)
Idgf4Chitinase-like protein Idgf4; Cooperates with insulin-like peptides to stimulate the proliferation, polarization and motility of imaginal disk cells. May act by stabilizing the binding of insulin-like peptides to its receptor through a simultaneous interaction with both molecules to form a multiprotein signaling complex; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 18 family. IDGF subfamily. (442 aa)
CG6005LD27322p; It is involved in the biological process described with: early endosome to late endosome transport; regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity; wound healing. (324 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
Server load: low (14%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.