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| | Sting | Sting, isoform B; cyclic-di-GMP binding; cyclic-GMP-AMP binding. (343 aa) |
| | Rala | Ras-related protein Ral-a; Ras-like protein A (Rala) encodes a GTPase that regulates Notch, Jak/Stat and JNK signalling pathways. (201 aa) |
| | Traf6 | TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6) encodes a protein that belongs to a family of adaptor proteins involved in transducing downstream signaling by interacting with cell surface receptors. It mediates the pro-inflammatory effects of Toll and related receptor signaling, and the cell death induced by JNK activation via the product of egr. (475 aa) |
| | spz6 | Spatzle 6; Toll binding; growth factor activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: nervous system development; regulation of Toll signaling pathway; central nervous system formation; innate immune response. (425 aa) |
| | spz5 | Protein spaetzle 5; Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand for the Toll- related receptors Toll-6 and Toll-7. Binds to Toll-7 and Toll-6, and probably acts as their ligands in the promotion of motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). Involved in synaptic targeting of ISNb/d motorneurons and also some SNa motorneurons. May be involved in the normal development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction. (387 aa) |
| | Ack | Activated Cdc42 kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. (1073 aa) |
| | PGRP-SA | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SA; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria and activating the Toll pathway upstream of spz activating enzyme SPE. Has no activity against Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Shows some partial redundancy with PRPGP-SD in Gram-positive bacteria recognition. May act by forming a complex with GNBP1 that activates the proteolytic cleavage of Spatzle and the subsequent activation of Toll pathway. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type tetrapeptide PGN (DAP-type PGN) an [...] (203 aa) |
| | hep | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous; Required for the epithelial cell sheet movement called dorsal closure (DC), which allows establishment of the dorsal epidermis. Controls the expression in the dorsal epithelium edges of another dorsal closure gene, puckered (puc). Phosphorylates and activates the MAP kinase bsk; bsk signal transduction pathway mediates an immune response and morphogenesis; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (1178 aa) |
| | sphe | Spheroide (sphe) encodes a serine protein homologue, a serine protease with no catalytic activity. (249 aa) |
| | psh | Serine protease persephone; Serine protease that plays a key role in innate immunity in response to Gram-positive bacterial and fungal proteases. Acts as a component of the Toll pathway upstream of protease spz processing enzyme SPE and Tl ligand spz. Nec regulates the cascade by inhibiting psh ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (394 aa) |
| | grim | Cell death protein Grim; Grim (grim) encodes a member of the inhibitor of apoptotic protein antagonists. In response to death signals, it induces apoptosis of cells in the central nervous system. It is important particularly for the apoptosis of specific juvenile neurons during metamorphosis. (138 aa) |
| | PGRP-SB1 | Peptidoglycan recognition protein SB1 (PGRP-SB1) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with an amidase activity against DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It is strongly induced upon bacterial infection by the immune deficiency pathway, suggesting a role as an immune effector; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (190 aa) |
| | AGO2 | Protein argonaute-2; Essential for RNA interference (RNAi); double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing. RNAi is mediated by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys or silences messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger; Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily. (1217 aa) |
| | Eig71Ee | Ecdysone-induced gene 71Ee (Eig71Ee) encodes a protein of unknown function. It is expressed in larvae in both salivary glue and the hemolymph clot, where it is a substrate of the product of Tg. (445 aa) |
| | Hml | Hemolectin, isoform A; Hemolectin (Hml) encodes a large multidomain protein produced by hemocytes and involved in the clotting reaction. (3843 aa) |
| | DCTN1-p150 | Dynactin 1, p150 subunit (DCTN1-p150) encodes the p150 subunit of the dynactin complex. Dynactin is thought to act as a dynein receptor that modulates binding of dynein to cellular cargoes and enhances the processivity of dynein movement. The roles of the product of DCTN1-p150 include oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, neuronal transport and neurogenesis. (1265 aa) |
| | Dronc | Caspase Nc subunit 1; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Effector of steroid-mediated apoptosis during insect metamorphosis. Overexpression promotes programmed cell death. Interaction with Diap1 is required to suppress Dronc-mediated cell death; via Diap1-mediated ubiquitination of Dronc. Rate-limiting caspase in rpr and hid death pathway. (450 aa) |
| | PGRP-LA | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein LA; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein probably involved in innate immunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of bacteria and activating the immune response. (368 aa) |
| | Shc | SHC-adaptor protein (Shc) encodes a protein involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. It regulates anti-parasitoid immune response and tracheal development. (409 aa) |
| | PGRP-SD | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SD; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram-positive bacteria and activating the Toll pathway. Has no activity against on Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Shows some partial redundancy with PRPGP-SA in Gram-positive bacteria recognition. May act by activating the proteolytic cleavage of Spatzle and the subsequent activation of Toll pathway. Recognizes S.aureus PGN; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (186 aa) |
| | LanA | Laminin subunit alpha; Binding to cells via a high affinity receptor, laminin is thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. Activates presynaptic signaling involving integrin alpha-PS3/beta-nu and Fak to suppress neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth during larval development and during low crawling activity, but not during higher-crawling conditions. Mediates, together with integrin alpha-PS3/beta-nu, glutamate receptor-modulated NMJ growth. (3712 aa) |
| | Sec5 | Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane. Belongs to the SEC5 family. (894 aa) |
| | Zir | Zizimin-related (Zir) encodes a Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor involved in the cellular immune response; Belongs to the DOCK family. (2064 aa) |
| | Als2 | Alsin homolog; Has guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity towards Rab5. Promotes the exchange of GDP to GTP, converting inactive GDP- bound Rab5 into its active GTP-bound form. (1486 aa) |
| | dgrn | Degringolade, isoform A; Degringolade (dgrn) encodes a SUMO-Targeted ubiquitin ligase. During development it is required for Notch signaling and patterning. It contributes to transcriptional regulation, DNA repair, and cytoskeleton dynamics. (319 aa) |
| | ECSIT | Evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in Toll pathway, mitochondrial; Involved in the innate immune response. Promotes the production of antibacterial peptides; Belongs to the ECSIT family. (409 aa) |
| | eya | Developmental protein eyes absent; Tyrosine phosphatase thought to play a role in transcription regulation during organogenesis through its intrinsic protein phosphatase activity. The phosphatase activity was shown in vitro. Appears to function together with So and Dac in eye development. Required for the survival of eye progenitor cells at a critical stage in morphogenesis. Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. EYA family. (766 aa) |
| | Tep3 | Thioester-containing protein 3 (Tep3) encodes a protein involved in the defense response to Gram-positive bacteria. (1469 aa) |
| | Tep2 | Thioester-containing protein 2 (Tep2) is a member of the Thioester-containing proteins (TEP) family of genes. The product of Tep2 has endopeptidase inhibitor activity and participates in the cellular immune response to certain Gram-negative bacteria. (1420 aa) |
| | Tg | Transglutaminase, isoform A; Transglutaminase (Tg) encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the isopeptide bond formation of epsilon-(gamma-glutamyl)lysine bonds in a Ca[2+]-dependent manner. It maintains the homeostasis of gut microbiota and promotes peritrophic matrix formation, as well as mediating cuticular morphogenesis and haemolymph coagulation. (776 aa) |
| | spz3 | Protein spaetzle 3; Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand to the Toll- related receptor Tollo. Involved in a Tollo and JNK signaling pathway that positively regulates neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth in presynaptic motorneurons. May function by activating Tollo to promote the phosphorylation of JNK. (611 aa) |
| | Glt | Glutactin (Glt) encodes a secreted protein that belongs to the family of cholinesterase/carboxylesterase-like proteins but lacks the catalytically active residues. It forms part of the basement membrane and regulates axonal outgrowth. (1026 aa) |
| | He | Hemocyte-specific protein HEMESE; It is involved in the biological process described with: encapsulation of foreign target; negative regulation of lamellocyte differentiation; innate immune response. (156 aa) |
| | Tep1 | Thioester-containing protein 1; Endopeptidase inhibitor activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: innate immune response. (1354 aa) |
| | dl | Embryonic polarity protein dorsal; Embryonic developmental protein. The lateral or ventral identity of a cell depends upon the concentration of this protein in its nucleus during the blastoderm stage. A morphogenetic protein that specifically binds to the kappa B-related consensus sequence 5'- GRGAAAANCC-3', located in the enhancer region of zygotic genes such as Zen, Twist, Snail and Decapentaplegic. Mediates an immune response in larvae. Part of a signaling pathway involving NF- kappa-B and Toll-related receptors, that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition [...] (999 aa) |
| | fon | Fondue, isoform B; Fondue (fon) encodes a protein produced by the fat body that is involved in the clotting reaction. (577 aa) |
| | Hf | Olfactory-specific protein Os9; It is involved in the biological process described with: innate immune response. (214 aa) |
| | Itgbn | Integrin beta-nu; Contributes to endodermal integrity and adhesion between the midgut epithelium and the surrounding visceral muscle. Essential for migration of the primordial midgut cells and for maintaining, but not establishing, cell polarity in the midgut epithelium. Can only partially compensate for the loss of beta-PS integrin during primordial midgut cell migration. The two beta subunits mediate midgut migration by distinct mechanisms: beta-PS requires rhea/Talin and beta-nu does not. Integrin alpha-PS3/beta-nu is required for effective phagocytosis of apoptotic cells during emb [...] (799 aa) |
| | FER | Tyrosine-protein kinase Fer; Tyrosine-protein kinase which is required during embryogenesis for formation of the actin cable in leading edge cells of the dorsal epidermis and for the timely progression of dorsal closure. May play a role in regulation of adherens junctions and cell adhesion through phosphorylation of the beta-catenin arm. (1325 aa) |
| | CG17738 | GEO07177p1; It is involved in the biological process described with: innate immune response. (110 aa) |
| | modSP | Modular serine protease non-catalytic chain; Serine protease that plays a key role in innate immunity by activating the Toll pathway in response to infection with Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. During Gram- positive infection, acts downstream of PGRP-SA and upstream of Grass and Spz, and therefore appears to function in a pathway that links detection of Gram-positive lysine-type peptidoglycans to Toll activation. Functions in a separate pathway to the psh-mediated activation of the Toll pathway. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (628 aa) |
| | SPE | Spaetzle-processing enzyme heavy chain; Endopeptidase which plays a key role in innate immunity by cleaving Tl ligand spz and thereby activating the Toll pathway in response to fungal and Gram-positive bacterial infections. Acts downstream of pathogen recognition receptors PGRP-SA and GNBP1 and protease grass in response to Gram-positive bacterial infection. Acts downstream of protease psh in response to fungal infection. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (400 aa) |
| | Wsck | Putative tyrosine-protein kinase Wsck; Putative receptor with tyrosine-protein kinase activity. (791 aa) |
| | grass | Gram-positive Specific Serine protease (grass) encodes a secreted serine protease that is involved downstream of the microbial sensing receptors encoded by GNBP3 and PGRP-SA in the activation of the Toll pathway during the immune response. It functions downstream of the serine protease encoded by modSP and upstream of the enzyme encoded by SPE, which cleaves the product of spz; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (377 aa) |
| | spz | Protein spaetzle C-106; Spatzle (spz) encodes a secreted protein which, after cleavage by an extracellular serine protease (encoded by ea or SPE), can induce the dimerization of the product of Tl, and the subsequent activation of the Toll pathway. It contributes to function of the Toll signaling cascade, which plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorso-ventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides. (326 aa) |
| | pll | Serine/threonine-protein kinase pelle; Plays an essential role in the Tl receptor signaling pathway that establishes embryonic dorsoventral polarity; the signal directs import of dl into ventral and ventrolateral nuclei, thereby establishing dorsoventral polarity. Tub recruits pll to the plasma membrane and protein-protein interaction activates pll. (501 aa) |
| | Toll-7 | Toll-like receptor 7; Toll-related receptor which binds to the neurotrophins NT1 and spz5. Essential for antiviral autophagy, it detects and binds to the vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) following infection. This role is likely to be independent of the canonical Toll, immune deficiency, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways. Functions in olfactory circuit assembly by promoting synaptic partner matching between olfactory receptor neurons (ORN) axons and projection neurons (PN) dendrites partners in the antennal lobe. Function in the Va1d ORNs is necessary and sufficient for correct targeting [...] (1446 aa) |
| | POSH | Plenty of SH3s (POSH) encodes a scaffold protein that regulates TNF-JNK signaling pathway. (838 aa) |
| | Dark | Death-associated APAF1-related killer, isoform B; Death-associated APAF1-related killer (Dark) encodes an essential component of the apoptosome. The products of Dark and Dronc form a pivotal holoenzyme required for apoptotic cell death with the products of Dark acting as an adaptor of the multimeric complex. (1440 aa) |
| | Rho1 | Ras-like GTP-binding protein Rho1; Has a role in regulating actin cytoskeletal organization: required during early development for proper execution of morphogenetic movements of individual cells and groups of cells important for the formation of the embryonic body plan. Plays a role in regulating dorsal closure during embryogenesis. During axis elongation, required for Rho-kinase Rok planar polarity and adherens junction localization as well as for generating a planar polarized distribution of the actin-binding protein Shrm. During embryogenesis, acts upstream of wash to regulate the d [...] (192 aa) |
| | Shark | Tyrosine-protein kinase Shark; Following axon injury, required for recruitment of drpr and glial cells to severed axons and for glial clearance of severed axons from the central nervous system. Together with Src42a and drpr, promotes the migration of macrophages to sites of wounding as part of a signaling cascade where Scr42a detects production of hydrogen peroxide at wound sites which triggers phosphorylation of drpr and subsequent recruitment and activation of shark. May be involved in signal transduction on the apical surface of ectodermal epithelial cells, regulating their polarity [...] (939 aa) |
| | Cdk5 | Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) encodes a protein serine-threonine kinase of the cyclin-dependent kinase family whose activity is largely restricted to post-mitotic neurons. It is required for synaptic homeostasis and fidelity of axon patterning, and altered activity causes adult-onset neurodegeneration. (294 aa) |
| | CG33470 | Immune-induced peptide 10; May be involved in the Toll signaling pathway. (257 aa) |
| | sphinx2 | Sphinx2, isoform B; Sphinx2 (sphinx2) encodes a protein related to the serine protease homolog, which is strongly expressed in the male accessory gland. (253 aa) |
| | egr | Protein eiger, membrane form; Cytokine which acts as a ligand for wgn. Also acts as a ligand for grnd. Induces apoptosis by triggering JNK signaling. Required for JNK-dependent non-autonomous apoptosis through release from apoptotic cells and activation of apoptosis in neighboring cells. Required for JNK-independent damage-induced apoptosis in the embryonic central nervous system through regulation of the pro-apoptotic gene hid. Involved in the innate immune response to extracellular pathogens. Plays a role in the melanization immune response through its involvement in the rupture of c [...] (415 aa) |
| | PPO2 | Prophenoloxidase 2 (PPO2) encodes a protein stored in large crystals in the crystal cells (a type of hemocyte cell) that is involved in the melanization reaction. It contributes to melanization around wounds and wasp encapsulation and is thought to be activated by proteolytic cleavage by the product of Hayan. (684 aa) |
| | PGRP-SC1a | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein SC1a; N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase involved in innate immunity by degrading bacterial peptidoglycans (PGN). Plays a scavenger role by digesting biologically active PGN into biologically inactive fragments. Has no direct bacteriolytic activity; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (185 aa) |
| | PGRP-SC2 | Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC2 (PGRP-SC2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with an amidase activity against peptidoglycans. It contributes to the down-regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, notably in the fat body during systemic bacterial infection. (184 aa) |
| | Ephrin | Ephrin, isoform A; Ephrin (Ephrin) encodes the ligand of the product of Eph. It is involved in nervous system development; Belongs to the ephrin family. (652 aa) |
| | MP1 | Melanization protease 1; Serine protease which plays an essential role in the melanization immune response by acting downstream of sp7 to activate prophenoloxidase (PPO1). May function in diverse Hayan-dependent PPO1-activating cascades that are negatively controlled by different serpin proteins; Spn27A in the hemolymph and Spn77BA in the trachea. Regulation of melanization and PPO1 activation appears to be largely independent of the Toll signaling pathway. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (400 aa) |
| | Eph | Eph receptor tyrosine kinase (Eph) encodes an axon guidance molecule involved in the development of the nervous system. It also contributes to shaping the antero-posterior compartment boundary of the wing disc. (1096 aa) |
| | Gr28b | Putative gustatory receptor 28b; Probable gustatory receptor which mediates acceptance or avoidance behavior, depending on its substrates (By similarity). Atypical expression suggests also nongustatory roles in the nervous system and tissues involved in proprioception, hygroreception, and other sensory modalities. It is also possible that it has chemosensory roles in the detection of internal ligands; Belongs to the insect chemoreceptor superfamily. Gustatory receptor (GR) family. Gr66a subfamily. (470 aa) |
| | lectin-37Db | C-type lectin 37Db; Galactose-specific lectin that displays calcium-dependent activity. Binds to the surface of hemocytes and enhances hemocyte encapsulation and melanization. This is likely by interacting with carbohydrates on the surface of the hemocytes. Also displays agglutination activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. (150 aa) |
| | lectin-37Da | C-type lectin 37Da; Galactose-specific lectin that displays calcium-dependent activity. Binds to the surface of hemocytes and enhances hemocyte encapsulation and melanization. This is likely by interacting with carbohydrates on the surface of the hemocytes. Also displays agglutination activity against the Gram-negative bacterium E.coli. (186 aa) |
| | kn | Transcription factor collier; May act as a 'second-level regulator' of head patterning. Required for establishment of the PS(-1)/PS0 parasegmental border and formation of the intercalary segment. Required for expression of the segment polarity genes hedgehog, engrailed and wingless, and the segment-identity genes CAP and collar in the intercalary segment. Required at the onset of the gastrulation for the correct formation of the mandibular segment. (689 aa) |
| | Pli | Pellino (Pli) encodes a RING-domain-containing ubiquitin E3 ligase that coordinates with ubiquitin-activating (E1) and ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) enzymes to degrade target proteins. It functions as a negative regulator of the Toll-mediated innate immunity pathway. (424 aa) |
| | Vav | Vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Vav) encodes a protein that belongs to the Dbl GEF superfamily. It functions as a GDP/GTP exchange factor for the product of Rac1 and an adaptor protein. Both activities are activated by direct tyrosine phosphorylation. (1001 aa) |
| | Parp | Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. (994 aa) |
| | Dredd | Caspase-8 subunit p10; Effector of the programmed cell death (PCD) activators rpr, grim and hid. May play an apoptotic role in the germline as well as soma. Fadd interacts with Dredd to promote cleavage of Dredd and is necessary and sufficient for enhancing Dredd-induced apoptosis. Plays a role in the innate immune response. Required for resistance to Gram-negative bacterial infection. Diap2-mediated ubiquitination of Dredd is critical for processing of imd and rel and the subsequent expression of antimicrobial genes such as DptA. Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (494 aa) |
| | PGRP-LD | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein LD; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein probably involved in innate immunity by binding to peptidoglycans (PGN) of bacteria and activating the immune response; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (327 aa) |
| | CG42259 | GH03322p1; Protein homodimerization activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: hemolymph coagulation. (92 aa) |
| | Eb1 | Eb1, isoform F; Eb1 (Eb1) encodes a microtubule end-binding protein that contributes to organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. It is involved in chromosome segregation, wound healing and flight behavior. (297 aa) |
| | sphinx1 | Sphinx1 (sphinx1) encodes a protein related to the serine protease homolog, which is strongly expressed in the male accessory gland. (253 aa) |
| | Pten | Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) encodes a dual lipid and protein phosphatase that primarily counters the effects of the insulin-regulated lipid kinase, encoded by Pi3K92E. It inhibits cell growth, cell proliferation and cellular events controlling cytoskeletal and junctional rearrangements. (514 aa) |
| | Dif | Dorsal-related immunity factor Dif; Mediates an immune response in larvae. DIF binds to the kappa-B consensus sequence 5'-GGRNNYYCC-3', located in the enhancer region of the immunity gene CECA1. Involved in the melanization immune response to bacterial challenge, possibly by acting in a Toll signaling pathway that downregulates Spn27A in response to infection. Part of a signaling pathway involving NF-kappa-B (rel) and Toll-related receptors, that functions in the apoptosis of unfit cells during cell competition. May be part of a NF-kappa-B and Tollo signaling cascade that regulates dev [...] (987 aa) |
| | Pvr | Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase; PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related (Pvr) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by the binding of PDGF- and VEGF-related factors (encoded by Pvf1, Pvf2 or Pvf3). It is involved in cell migration regulation and it has been shown to activate the canonical Ras/Raf/MAP kinase (ERK) cascade, the PI3K kinase pathway, TORC1, Rho family small GTPases and the JNK cascade, in a context-dependent manner. (1577 aa) |
| | PPO3 | Phenoloxidase 3; This is a copper-containing oxidase that functions in the formation of pigments such as melanins and other polyphenolic compounds. Catalyzes the rate-limiting conversions of tyrosine to DOPA, DOPA to DOPA-quinone and possibly 5,6 dihydroxyindole to indole-5'6 quinone (By similarity). (683 aa) |
| | PPO1 | Prophenoloxidase 1 (PPO1) encodes a protein produced by crystal cells (a type of hemocyte cell) and is involved in the melanization reaction, notably upon wounding. It is thought to be activated by proteolytic cleavage by the serine protease encoded by Hayan. (690 aa) |
| | tub | Protein Tube; Plays an essential role in the Tl receptor signaling pathway that establishes embryonic dorsoventral polarity; the signal directs import of dl into ventral and ventrolateral nuclei, thereby establishing dorsoventral polarity. Tub recruits pll to the plasma membrane and protein-protein interaction activates pll. Also has a role in pupal pattern formation. (462 aa) |
| | bsk | Stress-activated protein kinase JNK; Responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as Jra and also the transcriptional repressor aop, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. Component of the immune response activated by bacterial infection, and is involved in wound healing and in dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during embryogenesis. Functions in the systematic response to wounding acting downstream of the Hayan-phenoloxidase PPO1 cascade. Exhibits cytoprotective activity in neuronal c [...] (372 aa) |
| | Exn | Ephexin, isoform D; Ephexin (Exn) encodes a Eph-specific RhoGEF involved olfactory map formation. (2029 aa) |
| | poly | Poly, isoform A; Poly (poly) encodes a mediator of the InR/TOR signaling pathway. Its functions include growth regulation, cell survival, cell polarization, and establishment/maintenance of interphase higher-order chromatin structures. (251 aa) |
| | spz4 | Protein spaetzle 4; Growth factor activity; Toll binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: innate immune response; central nervous system formation; regulation of Toll signaling pathway; nervous system development. (597 aa) |
| | RhoL | Ras-like GTP-binding protein RhoL; Essential for the maturation of hemocytes. (214 aa) |
| | Nrg | Neuroglian; The long isoform may play a role in neural and glial cell adhesion in the developing embryo. The short isoform may be a more general cell adhesion molecule involved in other tissues and imaginal disk morphogenesis. Vital for embryonic development. Essential for septate junctions. Septate junctions, which are the equivalent of vertebrates tight junctions, are characterized by regular arrays of transverse structures that span the intermembrane space and form a physical barrier to diffusion. Required for the blood-brain barrier formation. (1309 aa) |
| | dia | Protein diaphanous; Required for cytokinesis in both mitosis and meiosis. Has a role in actin cytoskeleton organization and is essential for many, if not all, actin-mediated events involving membrane invagination. May serve as a mediator between signaling molecules and actin organizers at specific phases of the cell cycle. Possible component of the contractile ring or may control its function. (1098 aa) |
| | PGRP-LB | Peptidoglycan recognition protein LB (PGRP-LB) encodes a secreted protein with an amidase activity that scavenges DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It negatively regulates the immune deficiency pathway; Belongs to the N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase 2 family. (255 aa) |
| | PGRP-LE | Peptidoglycan-recognition protein LE; Peptidoglycan-recognition protein that plays a key role in innate immunity by binding to murein peptidoglycans (PGN) of Gram- negative bacteria and activating the imd/Relish pathway. Has no activity against on Gram-positive bacteria. Binds to diaminopimelic acid-type PGN (DAP-type PGN), an activator of the imd/Relish pathway. Functions synergistically with PGRP-LC in producing resistance to E.coli and B.megaterium infections, which have the DAP-type peptidoglycan. Acts both upstream and in parallel with PGRP-LC in the imd/Relish pathway, and is req [...] (345 aa) |
| | Cdc42 | Cdc42 (Cdc42) encodes a GTPase signaling protein that acts as a molecular switch and functions as key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. It plays a central role in diverse biological processes including actin cytoskeleton organization, mophogenesis, hemocyte migration, cell polarity, and wound repair. (191 aa) |
| | Herc4 | HECT and RLD domain containing E3 ubiquitin ligase 4 (Herc4) encodes a HECT-type E3 ubiquity ligase that is involved in the host defense against Gram-positive bacteria mediated by Toll pathway. (1062 aa) |
| | Tehao | Tehao, isoform A; Tehao (Tehao) encodes a homologue of the receptor encoded by Tl. It is involved in the Toll signaling pathway and innate immune response. (795 aa) |
| | aPKC | Atypical protein kinase C; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is required for apico- basal cell polarity in the germ line as well as in epithelial and neural precursor cells, for epithelial planar cell polarity and for cell proliferation. During oocyte development, required for the posterior translocation of oocyte specification factors and for the posterior establishment of the microtubule organizing center within the presumptive oocyte. Phosphorylates l(2)gl which restricts l(2)gl activity to the oocyte posterior and regulates posterior enrichment of par-1, leading to establishmen [...] (958 aa) |
| | Tl | Protein toll; Receptor for the cleaved activated form of spz, spaetzle C- 106. Binding to spaetzle C-106 activates the Toll signaling pathway and induces expression of the antifungal peptide drosomycin. Component of the extracellular signaling pathway that establishes dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo. Promotes heterophilic cellular adhesion. Involved in synaptic targeting of motoneurons RP5 and V to muscle 12 (M12); functions as a repulsive cue inhibiting motoneuron synapse formation on muscle 13 (M13) to guide RP5 and V to the neighboring M12, where its expression is repressed by [...] (1117 aa) |
| | RhoBTB | Rho-related BTB domain containing (RhoBTB) encodes a protein involved in anti-parasitoid immune response. (783 aa) |
| | Flo2 | Flotillin-2; Flotillin 2 (Flo2) encodes encodes a scaffold protein that contributes to the anti-parasitoid immune response and the secretion and spreading of the ligands encoded by wg and hh; Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily. (448 aa) |
| | Ack-like | Activated Cdc42 kinase-like (Ack-like) encodes a non-receptor tyrosine kinase that participates in signaling by the small GTPase encoded by Cdc42. It is involved in embryonic dorsal closure, an epithelial morphogenetic event. (1495 aa) |
| | DCX-EMAP | Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like CG42247; May modify the assembly dynamics of microtubules, such that microtubules are slightly longer, but more dynamic. (1118 aa) |
| | Tep4 | Thioester-containing protein 4 (Tep4) is a member of the Thioester-containing proteins (TEP) family of genes. The product of Tep4 has endopeptidase inhibitor activity and participates in the cellular immune response to certain Gram-negative bacteria. (1498 aa) |
| | Cdk5alpha | Cdk5 activator-like protein (Cdk5alpha) encodes the sole, essential stimulatory subunit for the kinase encoded by Cdk5. The Cdk5/Cdk5alpha complex is active in post-mitotic neurons. It is required for synaptic homeostasis and fidelity of axon patterning, and altered activity causes adult-onset neurodegeneration. (472 aa) |
| | Rac1 | Ras-related protein Rac1; During various developmental processes, regulates changes in cell morphology in response to extracellular signals. During oogenesis, mediates signaling from the tyrosine kinase (RTK) chemoattractant receptors (Egfr and Pvr) to the guidance pathway that control the directional persistent collective migration of the border cell (BC) cluster through the nurse cells to the oocyte. Once activating by Pvr and Egfr, promotes the formation of forward-directed actin protrusions which stabilize the DE- cadherin (shg)-mediated adhesions. In turn, DE-mediated adhesion bet [...] (192 aa) |
| | spirit | Serine protease immune response integrator, isoform A; Serine-type endopeptidase activity; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (393 aa) |
| | Dhc64C | Dynein heavy chain 64C (Dhc64C) encodes the heavy chain subunit of the cytoplasmic dynein motor complex. The product of Dhc64C forms a dimer, which binds and hydrolyzes ATP providing the power for movement of dynein. It has an essential function in oocyte polarity, mitotic cell division, embryonic development, and neuronal transport and neurogenesis. (4661 aa) |
| | Rac2 | Ras-related protein Rac2; Involved in integrin alpha-PS3/beta-nu-mediated phagocytosis of Gram-positive S.aureus by hemocytes. (192 aa) |
| | Myd88 | Myd88 (Myd88) encodes an adaptor protein involved in in the Toll pathway functioning downstream of the product of Tl and upstream of the product of tub. Toll pathway is a signaling cascade that plays a key role in various developmental and immune processes, notably embryonic dorsoventral patterning and regulation of antimicrobial peptides. (537 aa) |
| | Spn27A | Serine protease inhibitor 27A; Serine protease inhibitor that functions in embryonic dorsoventral patterning and the melanization immune response. Regulates dorsoventral axis formation during early development by inhibiting the serine protease easter, and is therefore important for restricting activity of the Toll signaling pathway to the ventral part of the embryo. Also plays an essential role in the melanization immune response to both physical wounding and septic infection using certain bacteria and fungi. Negatively regulates the Hayan- dependent prophenoloxidase 1 (PPO1)-activatin [...] (447 aa) |
| | NT1 | Neurotrophin 1; Neurotrophin which may function as a ligand for the Toll- related receptors Toll-7 and Tollo. Binds to Toll-7 and probably acts as its ligand in promoting motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in the central nervous system (CNS). Involved in synaptic targeting of ISNb/d motorneurons and also some SNa motorneurons. In larvae, involved in the negative regulation of the tracheal immune response to bacterial infection perhaps by acting as a ligand for the Toll-related receptor Tollo. May be involved in the normal development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction. (1042 aa) |
| | PGRP-SB2 | Peptidoglycan recognition protein SB2 (PGRP-SB2) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with amidase activity against DAP-type peptidoglycan, a cell wall component found on Gram-negative bacteria and certain Gram positive bacteria. It is strongly induced upon bacterial infection by the immune deficiency pathway, suggesting a role as an immune effector. (191 aa) |
| | RhoGEF3 | Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: regulation of Rho protein signal transduction; actin cytoskeleton reorganization; melanotic encapsulation of foreign target; response to wounding; wound healing. (3519 aa) |
| | Src42A | Tyrosine-protein kinase Src42A; Required directly or indirectly for the phosphorylation of drpr which is necessary for the interaction of drpr with shark and subsequent glial phagocytic activity. Together with drpr and shark, promotes the migration of macrophages to sites of wounding as part of a signaling cascade where Scr42a detects production of hydrogen peroxide at wound sites which triggers phosphorylation of drpr and subsequent recruitment and activation of shark. Essential for correct eye morphogenesis (ommatidial R7 neuron formation) which requires the Ras1/MAPK signal transduc [...] (1597 aa) |
| | Sp7 | Serine protease 7; Serine protease which, by cleaving and activating prophenoloxidase (PPO1) after immune challenge, plays an essential role in the melanization immune response to septic wounding. May function in diverse Hayan-dependent PPO1- activating cascades that are negatively controlled by different serpin proteins; Spn27A in the hemolymph and Spn77BA in the trachea. Important for the innate immune response to fungi. Regulation of melanization and PPO1 activation appears to be largely independent of the Toll signaling pathway. (391 aa) |
| | PGRP-SC1b | Peptidoglycan recognition protein SC1b (PGRP-SC1b) encodes a secreted peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) with amidase activity against peptidoglycans. (185 aa) |
| | CG12866 | Uncharacterized protein, isoform D; Monocarboxylic acid transmembrane transporter activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: transmembrane transport. (859 aa) |
| | Src64B | Tyrosine-protein kinase Src64B; Src oncogene at 64B (Src64B) encodes a Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinase. It has many biological roles, including ring canal morphogenesis in oogenesis and the male germline, microfilament ring constriction during cellularization, and modulation of growth and apoptosis. Some of its roles overlap with those of the product of Src42A. (553 aa) |
