Adenylate cyclase 3 (Ac3) encodes an adenylate cyclase that is coupled to the receptor encoded by Pdfr via Gs signaling in the Morning circadian pacemakers.

PDF receptor; Pigment-dispersing factor receptor (Pdfr) encodes a G-Protein Coupled Receptor in the Family B class of GPCRs (Secretin Receptor-like) that can be activated by the product of Pdf. It has been implicated in regulation of circadian physiology, development of the flight motor system, and regulation of mating.

Double-stranded RNA-specific editase Adar; Has A-to-I RNA editing activity on extended dsRNA: edits RNA- binding protein Rnp4F. A-to-I editing of pre-mRNAs acts predominantly through nervous system targets to affect adult nervous system integrity, function and behavior. Essential for adaptation to environmental stresses, such as oxygen deprivation, and for the prevention of premature neuronal degeneration, through the editing of ion channels as targets.

Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of protein synthesis of mRNAs. Plays a role as a negative translational regulator of specific mRNAs. Represses translation of the microtubule-associated protein futsch mRNA to regulate microtubule-dependent synaptic growth and function. May also be involved in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational suppression as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Required for stability of the central pair of microtubule [...]

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput; Circadian regulator that acts as a transcription factor and generates a rhythmic output with a period of about 24 hours. Oscillates in antiphase to the cycling observed for period (PER) and timeless (TIM). According to reaches peak abundance within several hours of the dark-light transition at ZT0 (zeitgeber 0), whereas describes bimodal oscillating expression with maximum at ZT5 and ZT23. Clock-cycle heterodimers activate cycling transcription of PER and TIM by binding to the E-box (5'-CACGTG-3') present in their promoters. Once induced [...]

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of protein synthesis of mRNAs. Plays a role as a negative translational regulator of specific mRNAs. Represses translation of the microtubule-associated protein futsch mRNA to regulate microtubule-dependent synaptic growth and function. May also be involved in microRNA (miRNA)-mediated translational suppression as part of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Required for stability of the central pair of microtubule [...]

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Protein cycle; Putative transcription factor involved in the generation of biological rhythms. Activates cycling transcription of Period (PER) and Timeless (TIM) by binding to the E-box (5'-CACGTG-3') present in their promoters.

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Period circadian protein; Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the degradation of TIM, which promot [...]

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Protein timeless; Required for the production of circadian rhythms. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting indirect transcriptional inhibition. Belongs to the timeless family.

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Twenty-four, isoform B; Twenty-four (tyf) encodes a protein that forms a complex together with the products of Atx2 and Lsm12. This complex binds per mRNA and activates its translation to sustain circadian rhythms. The tyf product is also involved in immune defense against Listeria monocytogenes infection.

Ataxin-2 homolog; RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation. Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B. Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian [...]

Vrille, isoform A; Vrille (vri) encodes a bZIP transcription factor acting as an enhancer of dpp phenotypes both in embryo and in wing. It is involved in hair and cell growth and in tracheal development. Vri is a clock-controlled gene acting as a repressor of the products of Clk and cry.

Bride of doubletime (Bdbt) encodes a protein that binds to a nuclear localization signal in the product of dco and is necessary for normal circadian dco activity on the product of per. The product of Bdbt also accumulates in cytosolic foci in photoreceptors during the middle of the night.

Discs overgrown protein kinase; Involved in circadian rhythms, viability and molecular oscillations of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim). Dbt reduces the stability and thus the accumulation of monomeric per proteins, probably through phosphorylation. No evident circadian oscillation is detected in head. Together with CkIalpha, regulates processing of ci by phosphorylating it which promotes its binding to slmb, the F-box recognition component of the SCF(slmb) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase.

Bride of doubletime (Bdbt) encodes a protein that binds to a nuclear localization signal in the product of dco and is necessary for normal circadian dco activity on the product of per. The product of Bdbt also accumulates in cytosolic foci in photoreceptors during the middle of the night.

Tyrosine-protein kinase hopscotch; Tyrosine kinase of the non-receptor type, phosphorylates the marelle protein. Required maternally for the establishment of the normal array of embryonic segments: involved in the control of pair- rule gene transcription in a stripe-specific manner. Together with Hsp83 and piwi, mediates canalization, also known as developmental robustness, likely via epigenetic silencing of existing genetic variants and suppression of transposon-induced new genetic variation.

Beadex, isoform D; Beadex (Bx) encodes a LIM-only protein that regulates activity of LIM-homeodomain proteins such as the product of ap by binding to form hetero-tetramers. It regulates the activity of the product of ap in the wing disc, and presumably other tissues.

PDF precursor-related peptide; Pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf) encodes a secreted biologically active neuropeptide that acts via a specific G-protein-coupled receptor to trigger intracellular signaling. It has a prominent role in the physiology of circadian rhythms, as well as contributing to other processes such as control of flight and digestion.

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Casein kinase II beta subunit (CkIIbeta) encodes the regulatory subunit of the CKII holoenzyme, a protein serine/threonine kinase composed of a and b subunits. Interactions have been reported with other kinases (e.g., the products of PIP4K and S6kII), the RNA-binding protein encoded by orb , the Hedgehog signaling pathway and clock proteins such as the products of tim and per. The product of CkIIbeta functions in oogenesis, neurogenesis, development (brain and other tissues) as well as circadian behavior.

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Circadian locomoter output cycles protein kaput; Circadian regulator that acts as a transcription factor and generates a rhythmic output with a period of about 24 hours. Oscillates in antiphase to the cycling observed for period (PER) and timeless (TIM). According to reaches peak abundance within several hours of the dark-light transition at ZT0 (zeitgeber 0), whereas describes bimodal oscillating expression with maximum at ZT5 and ZT23. Clock-cycle heterodimers activate cycling transcription of PER and TIM by binding to the E-box (5'-CACGTG-3') present in their promoters. Once induced [...]

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Discs overgrown protein kinase; Involved in circadian rhythms, viability and molecular oscillations of the clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim). Dbt reduces the stability and thus the accumulation of monomeric per proteins, probably through phosphorylation. No evident circadian oscillation is detected in head. Together with CkIalpha, regulates processing of ci by phosphorylating it which promotes its binding to slmb, the F-box recognition component of the SCF(slmb) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase.

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Period circadian protein; Essential for biological clock functions. Determines the period length of circadian and ultradian rhythms; an increase in PER dosage leads to shortened circadian rhythms and a decrease leads to lengthened circadian rhythms. Essential for the circadian rhythmicity of locomotor activity, eclosion behavior, and for the rhythmic component of the male courtship song that originates in the thoracic nervous system. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the degradation of TIM, which promot [...]

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Protein kinase shaggy; Required for several developmental events such as syncytial blastoderm formation and embryonic segmentation. Is involved in transcriptional regulation. Required for arm phosphorylation. Wg signaling operates by inactivating the sgg repression of en autoactivation. Negatively controls the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) growth in presynaptic motoneurons. Plays a role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and actin cytoskeleton during embryogenesis. Required for phosphorylation of sra in activated eggs. Essential for completion of meiosis, possibly by triggering c [...]

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Supernumerary limbs (slmb) encodes an essential, conserved F-box protein and a component of the SCF (Skp/Cullin/F-box) E3 ubiquitin-ligase, providing substrate specificity to the SCF. It negatively regulates multiple signaling pathways and cellular processes by promoting the proteasome-mediated degradation or cleavage of its targets, including the products of arm and ci (Wg and Hh signaling), SAK, per and Cap-H2.

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Super sex combs (sxc) is a polycomb group gene that encodes a O-GlcNAc transferase involved in epigenetic gene silencing.

Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. The alpha chain contains the catalytic site. May participate in Wnt signaling; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CK2 subfamily.

Protein timeless; Required for the production of circadian rhythms. The biological cycle depends on the rhythmic formation and nuclear localization of the TIM-PER complex. Light induces the degradation of TIM, which promotes elimination of PER. Nuclear activity of the heterodimer coordinatively regulates PER and TIM transcription through a negative feedback loop. Behaves as a negative element in circadian transcriptional loop. Does not appear to bind DNA, suggesting indirect transcriptional inhibition. Belongs to the timeless family.