Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; Smad on X (Smox) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates Activin signalling. Upon phosphorylation by the receptor encoded by babo, it forms a complex with the co-Smad protein encoded by Med. This complex translocates to the nucleus where it regulates expression of target genes.

Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Baboon (babo) encodes the type I receptor for the activin-like ligands encoded by daw, Actbeta and myo. There are three isoforms of the product of babo that differ only in their extracellular domain likely resulting in different ligand binding specificity. It can form a complex with the type II receptors put or wit in the presence of an activin like ligand. This results in the transcriptional regulation of activin responsive genes; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.

Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Dawdle, isoform A; Dawdle (daw) encodes an Activin- like ligand of the TGF beta superfamily that is required for proper tricarboxylic acid cycle function in the fat body and also regulates insulin release from IPC neurons.

Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Protein decapentaplegic; Required during oogenesis for eggshell patterning and dorsal/ventral patterning of the embryo. Acts as a morphogen during embryogenesis to pattern the dorsal/ventral axis, specifying dorsal ectoderm and amnioserosa cell fate within the dorsal half of the embryo; this activity is antagonized by binding to sog and tsg. Induces the formation of visceral mesoderm and the heart in early embryos. Required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. Also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development [...]

Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase receptor; Punt (put) encodes a transforming growth factor beta type II receptor that functions in both Dpp/BMP and Activin signaling. Pathway specificity in signaling output is determined by which type I receptor (Dpp/BMP or Activin one) is engaged in the complex with the product of put; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.

Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Thickveins (tkv) encodes a transforming growth factor beta type I receptor. Together with the product of put, it functions as a receptor of the product of dpp and therefore contributes to the BMP signaling pathway; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.

Inhibin beta chain; Controls several aspects of neuronal morphogenesis; essential for optic lobe development, EcR-B1 expression in larval brains, mushroom body remodeling, dorsal neuron morphogenesis and motoneuron axon guidance. Ligands Actbeta and daw act redundantly through the Activin receptor Babo and its transcriptional mediator Smad2 (Smox), to regulate neuroblast numbers and proliferation rates in the developing larval brain; Belongs to the TGF-beta family.

Dorsal-ventral patterning protein tolloid; Tolloid (tld) encodes a member of the asticin metalloprotease family. Its primary function is to cleave the product of sog, which facilitates the diffusion of the ligand encoded by dpp to the dorsal-most cells in the early blastoderm embryo, helping to specify formation of the amnioserosa.

G1/S-specific cyclin-E; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Targeted by archipelago for degradation by the SFC ubiquitin ligase complex.

Processed neurogenic locus Notch protein; Essential signaling protein which has a major role in many developmental processes. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation, and releasing from the cell membrane, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) forms a transcriptional activator complex with Su(H) (Suppressor of hairless) and activates genes of the E(spl) complex. Regulates oogenesis, the differentiation of the ectoderm and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, wing disk, [...]

G1/S-specific cyclin-E; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Targeted by archipelago for degradation by the SFC ubiquitin ligase complex.

Protein decapentaplegic; Required during oogenesis for eggshell patterning and dorsal/ventral patterning of the embryo. Acts as a morphogen during embryogenesis to pattern the dorsal/ventral axis, specifying dorsal ectoderm and amnioserosa cell fate within the dorsal half of the embryo; this activity is antagonized by binding to sog and tsg. Induces the formation of visceral mesoderm and the heart in early embryos. Required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. Also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development [...]

G1/S-specific cyclin-E; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Targeted by archipelago for degradation by the SFC ubiquitin ligase complex.

Serine/threonine-protein kinase hippo; Plays a key role in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the act [...]

G1/S-specific cyclin-E; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. Targeted by archipelago for degradation by the SFC ubiquitin ligase complex.

Protein kibra; Regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. Kibra acts synergistically along with Ex and Mer to regulate the Hippo signalin [...]

Neurogenic locus protein delta; Acts as a ligand for Notch (N) receptor. Essential for proper differentiation of ectoderm. Dl is required for the correct separation of neural and epidermal cell lineages. Fringe (fng) acts in the Golgi to determine the type of O-linked fucose on the EGF modules in N, altering the ability of N to bind with Delta (Dl). O-fut1 also has a role in modulating the interaction.

Processed neurogenic locus Notch protein; Essential signaling protein which has a major role in many developmental processes. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation, and releasing from the cell membrane, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) forms a transcriptional activator complex with Su(H) (Suppressor of hairless) and activates genes of the E(spl) complex. Regulates oogenesis, the differentiation of the ectoderm and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, wing disk, [...]

Neurogenic locus protein delta; Acts as a ligand for Notch (N) receptor. Essential for proper differentiation of ectoderm. Dl is required for the correct separation of neural and epidermal cell lineages. Fringe (fng) acts in the Golgi to determine the type of O-linked fucose on the EGF modules in N, altering the ability of N to bind with Delta (Dl). O-fut1 also has a role in modulating the interaction.

Frizzled; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...]

Furin-like protease 2; Furin is likely to represent the ubiquitous endoprotease activity within constitutive secretory pathways and capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif.

Processed neurogenic locus Notch protein; Essential signaling protein which has a major role in many developmental processes. Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Delta and Serrate to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation, and releasing from the cell membrane, the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) forms a transcriptional activator complex with Su(H) (Suppressor of hairless) and activates genes of the E(spl) complex. Regulates oogenesis, the differentiation of the ectoderm and the development of the central and peripheral nervous system, eye, wing disk, [...]

Furin-like protease 2; Furin is likely to represent the ubiquitous endoprotease activity within constitutive secretory pathways and capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; Smad on X (Smox) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates Activin signalling. Upon phosphorylation by the receptor encoded by babo, it forms a complex with the co-Smad protein encoded by Med. This complex translocates to the nucleus where it regulates expression of target genes.

Furin-like protease 2; Furin is likely to represent the ubiquitous endoprotease activity within constitutive secretory pathways and capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif.

Frizzled; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...]

Furin-like protease 2; Furin is likely to represent the ubiquitous endoprotease activity within constitutive secretory pathways and capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif.

Dorsal-ventral patterning protein tolloid; Tolloid (tld) encodes a member of the asticin metalloprotease family. Its primary function is to cleave the product of sog, which facilitates the diffusion of the ligand encoded by dpp to the dorsal-most cells in the early blastoderm embryo, helping to specify formation of the amnioserosa.

Mothers against dpp (Mad) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates cellular response to the BMP like ligands encoded by dpp, scw and gbb. Upon phosphorylation by either the products of sax or tkv (type I BMP receptors), it forms a complex with the product of Med and translocates to the nucleus where, together with cofactors, it regulates expression of BMP response target genes; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; Smad on X (Smox) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates Activin signalling. Upon phosphorylation by the receptor encoded by babo, it forms a complex with the co-Smad protein encoded by Med. This complex translocates to the nucleus where it regulates expression of target genes.

Mothers against dpp (Mad) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates cellular response to the BMP like ligands encoded by dpp, scw and gbb. Upon phosphorylation by either the products of sax or tkv (type I BMP receptors), it forms a complex with the product of Med and translocates to the nucleus where, together with cofactors, it regulates expression of BMP response target genes; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.

Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Baboon (babo) encodes the type I receptor for the activin-like ligands encoded by daw, Actbeta and myo. There are three isoforms of the product of babo that differ only in their extracellular domain likely resulting in different ligand binding specificity. It can form a complex with the type II receptors put or wit in the presence of an activin like ligand. This results in the transcriptional regulation of activin responsive genes; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily.

Mothers against dpp (Mad) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates cellular response to the BMP like ligands encoded by dpp, scw and gbb. Upon phosphorylation by either the products of sax or tkv (type I BMP receptors), it forms a complex with the product of Med and translocates to the nucleus where, together with cofactors, it regulates expression of BMP response target genes; Belongs to the dwarfin/SMAD family.

Protein decapentaplegic; Required during oogenesis for eggshell patterning and dorsal/ventral patterning of the embryo. Acts as a morphogen during embryogenesis to pattern the dorsal/ventral axis, specifying dorsal ectoderm and amnioserosa cell fate within the dorsal half of the embryo; this activity is antagonized by binding to sog and tsg. Induces the formation of visceral mesoderm and the heart in early embryos. Required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. Also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development [...]