STRINGSTRING
Debcl Debcl Atg101 Atg101 Prosbeta2 Prosbeta2 Ilp2 Ilp2 Thor Thor Rheb Rheb Uvrag Uvrag puc puc Atg13 Atg13 Vps16A Vps16A Vps15 Vps15 Akt1 Akt1 Vps39 Vps39 InR InR Atg6 Atg6 CG5024 CG5024 Atg14 Atg14 Atg7 Atg7 Khc Khc shrb shrb Vps25 Vps25 lqf lqf ref(2)P ref(2)P squ squ Atx-1 Atx-1 Atg12 Atg12 Atg1 Atg1 bsk bsk foxo foxo Vps28 Vps28 Atg18a Atg18a Jra Jra Atg18b Atg18b Rubicon Rubicon S6k S6k chico chico Atg2 Atg2 Unc-76 Unc-76 Atg17 Atg17 Tor Tor htt htt Atg16 Atg16 Vps4 Vps4 Atg8b Atg8b Vps11 Vps11 dor dor Atg5 Atg5 RpS6 RpS6 Atg8a Atg8a Pi3K59F Pi3K59F
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
DebclDeath executioner Bcl-2 (Debcl) encodes a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family involved in programmed cell death. (300 aa)
Atg101Autophagy-related 101 (Atg101) encodes a subunit of the evolutionarily conserved Atg1 kinase complex, which controls the initiation of autophagosome formation. (218 aa)
Prosbeta2Proteasome beta2 subunit (Prosbeta2) encodes a component of the 26S proteasome, which degrades polyubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. (272 aa)
Ilp2Probable insulin-like peptide 2 A chain; Plays a role in regulating body size by increasing cell size and cell number of individual organs. Probably mediates its growth effects by acting as a ligand for the insulin receptor and transducing a signal via the Chico/PI3K/Akt(PKB) pathway. (137 aa)
Thor4E-binding protein THOR; Thor (Thor) encodes a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein that is controlled by the product of tor. It contributes to translation regulation, response to environmental stress and cell growth regulation. (117 aa)
RhebGTP-binding protein Rheb homolog; Binds GTP and exhibits intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Activates the protein kinase activity of TORC1, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. Stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K through activation of TORC1 signaling. May also have a role in activating TORC2 signaling. (182 aa)
UvragUV-resistance associated gene (Uvrag) encodes a protein that regulates autophagy and vesicle trafficking with the product of Atg6 and class C vacuolar protein sorting complexes. With the products of Atg6 and Pi3K59F, It forms a PI3K(III) complex and plays roles in receptor downregulation and the establishment of proper cell polarity. It is also critical for proper organ rotation during development by controlling receptor endocytosis and subsequent degradation. (696 aa)
pucPuckered, isoform A; Puckered (puc) encodes a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that mediates a feedback loop that regulates the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway. (476 aa)
Atg13Autophagy-related protein 13 homolog; Autophagy factor required for autophagosome formation. Target of the TOR kinase signaling pathway that regulates autophagy through the control of the phosphorylation status of Atg13 and Atg1. The Atg1- Atg13 complex functions at multiple levels to mediate and adjust nutrient-dependent autophagic signaling. Involved in the autophagic degradation of dBruce which controls DNA fragmentation in nurse cells. (523 aa)
Vps16AVacuolar protein sorting 16A (Vps16A) encodes a subunit of a heterohexameric tethering complex known as homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS). HOPS roles include promoting the fusion of late endosomes, autophagosomes, biosynthetic vesicles, and lysosomes, and the biogenesis of lysosome-related eye pigment granules. The product of Vps16A is also part of miniCORVET (class C core vacuole/endosome tethering), a tethering complex involved in endosome maturation in nephrocytes and blood cells. (833 aa)
Vps15Vacuolar protein sorting 15 (Vps15) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that is a core component of the Vps34/class III PI3-Kinase complex. It is required for the production of PI3P and influences multiple vesicle trafficking pathways, including autophagy and endocytosis. (1342 aa)
Akt1RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...] (611 aa)
Vps39Vacuolar protein sorting 39 (Vps39) encodes a subunit of the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) complex required for autophagosome maturation. (876 aa)
InRInsulin-like receptor subunit beta 1; Has a ligand-stimulated tyrosine-protein kinase activity. Required for cell survival. Regulates body size and organ size by altering cell number and cell size in a cell-autonomous manner. Involved in the development of the embryonic nervous system, and is necessary for axon guidance and targeting in the visual system. Also plays a role in life-span determination. (2144 aa)
Atg6Beclin-1-like protein; Autophagy-related 6 (Atg6) encodes a component of the Vps34 complex that is required for the formation of PI3P, and functions in vesicle trafficking including autophagy and endocytosis. (422 aa)
CG5024GEO08667p1; Calcium ion binding; enzyme regulator activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: calcium-mediated signaling; microtubule cytoskeleton organization. (165 aa)
Atg14Autophagy-related 14 (Atg14) encodes a protein involved in autophagy. (503 aa)
Atg7Autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) encodes an E1-type ligase for the autophagic ubiquitin-like proteins encoded by Atg8a and Atg12. Its roles include autophagosome formation, maintaining neuromuscular function and normal lifespan. (684 aa)
KhcKinesin heavy chain; Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin subfamily. (975 aa)
shrbGH13992p; Shrub (shrb) encodes Shrub encodes Vps32/Snf7, a filament-forming subunit of the ESCRT-III complex involved in inward membrane budding. It regulates multiple cellular processes involving ESCRTs activity including multivesicular body biogenesis, cytokinesis, membrane repair and regulation of membrane associated signaling. (226 aa)
Vps25Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex (By similarity). Seems to function as a tumor suppressor by regulating Notch trafficking, hence preventing non-autonomous overproliferation. May be invo [...] (174 aa)
lqfLiquid facets (lqf) encodes an epsin, which is an endocytic adaptor that contributes to endocytic network stability/regulation and membrane bending. It contributes to endocytosis and regulates the BMP and Notch signaling pathways. (831 aa)
ref(2)PProtein ref(2)P; Required for selective autophagy activation by ubiquitinated proteins. Implicated in sigma rhabdovirus multiplication and necessary for male fertility. Involved in activating transcription of Drs. (599 aa)
squSquash, isoform A; Squash (squ) encodes a protein acting in the piRNA pathway that responds to transposase activity in the germline. (241 aa)
Atx-1IP08458p1; Ataxin 1 (Atx-1) encodes the ortholog of human Atx-1, in which pathogenic variants with expanded glutamine tracts cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 1. It interacts with the product of sens via its AXH domain. (230 aa)
Atg12Autophagy protein 12-like; Required for autophagy. (111 aa)
Atg1Autophagy-related 1, isoform B; Autophagy-related 1 (Atg1) encodes a protein kinase that functions downstream of the product of Tor in the regulation of autophagy. (855 aa)
bskStress-activated protein kinase JNK; Responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as Jra and also the transcriptional repressor aop, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. Component of the immune response activated by bacterial infection, and is involved in wound healing and in dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during embryogenesis. Functions in the systematic response to wounding acting downstream of the Hayan-phenoloxidase PPO1 cascade. Exhibits cytoprotective activity in neuronal c [...] (372 aa)
foxoForkhead box protein O; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Consistently activates both the downstream target Thord4EBP and the feedback control target InR. Involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle, modulating cell growth and proliferation. In response to cellular stresses, such as nutrient deprivation or increased levels of reactive oxygen species, foxo is activated and inhibits growth through the action of target genes such as Thor. Foxo activated in the adult fat body can regulate lifespan in adults; an insulin peptide itself m [...] (622 aa)
Vps28Vacuolar protein sorting 28 (Vps28) encodes a member of the ESCRT-I complex, which sorts certain endocytosed receptors for degradation via the multivesicular body. (210 aa)
Atg18aAutophagy-related 18a (Atg18a) encodes a protein that regulates autophagy by participating in isolation membrane elongation around cytoplasmic cargoes. (447 aa)
JraTranscription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Plays a role in dorsal closure. Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (372 aa)
Atg18bAutophagy-related 18b, isoform A; Phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate binding; phosphatidylinositol-3,5-bisphosphate binding. (471 aa)
RubiconUncharacterized protein, isoform A; Phosphatidylinositol phosphate binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: negative regulation of autophagy. (827 aa)
S6kRibosomal protein S6 kinase (S6k) encodes an important component of the target of rapamycin pathway. It is involved in the control of synapse development, autophagy and cell size. (490 aa)
chicoInsulin receptor substrate 1; Activates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase when bound to the regulatory p85 subunit (By similarity). May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin-like peptides. When phosphorylated by the insulin receptor binds specifically to various cellular proteins containing SH2 domains. Involved in control of cell proliferation, cell size, and body and organ growth throughout development. Also has a role in a signaling pathway controlling the physiological response required to endure periods of low nutrient conditions. Insulin/insulin-like growth fac [...] (968 aa)
Atg2Autophagy-related 2 (Atg2) encodes a protein known to be required for autophagy. (1906 aa)
Unc-76Unc-76, isoform A; Unc-76 (Unc-76) encodes a kinesin binding protein involved in axo-dendritic transport. (474 aa)
Atg17Autophagy-related 17 (Atg17) encodes a subunit of the evolutionarily conserved Atg1 kinase complex, which controls the initiation of autophagosome formation. The product of Atg17 also has a role in maintaining neuromuscular function and normal lifespan. (1357 aa)
TorSerine/threonine-protein kinase Tor; Promotes cell and tissue growth, maintains tissue homeostatis and controls responses to environmental stress and aging. Regulates growth during animal development by coupling growth factor signaling to nutrient availability. Central regulators of autophagy. May be involved in atg1 phosphorylation. May also be involved, directly or indirectly, in the control of neuronal function. Phosphorylates S6K/p70S6K, in vitro. May regulate the activity of S6K. Overexpression inhibits growth and reduces cell size. Affects the timing of neuronal cell differentiat [...] (2471 aa)
httHuntington disease protein homolog; Huntingtin (htt) encodes a scaffold protein involved in mitotic spindle orientation, chromatin regulation and axonal transport. It is the ortholog of human HTT and has been manipulated to study Huntington's disease in flies. (3583 aa)
Atg16Autophagy-related 16 (Atg16) encodes a protein that forms an E3-like protein complex. This complex contributes to the the covalent binding of the lipid phosphatidylethanolamine to the product of Atg8a, a key autophagy protein involved in autophagosome biogenesis. The product of Atg16 is involved in autophagosome biogenesis, maintenance of proper neuromuscular function, lifespan, ethanol sedation, and enteroendocrine cell function in the intestine. (612 aa)
Vps4Vacuolar protein sorting 4 (Vps4) encodes an AAA family ATPase. It catalyzes the ATP-dependent dissociation of class E VPS proteins from endosomal membranes. It functions in endosomal sorting of cargo into the multivesicular body for lysosomal degradation, abscission during cell division, virus release and nuclear envelope membrane sealing after cell division. (442 aa)
Atg8bAutophagy-related 8b, isoform A; Microtubule binding; protein tag; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; GABA receptor binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: macroautophagy; autophagosome maturation; cellular response to nitrogen starvation; autophagy of mitochondrion; autophagosome assembly. (120 aa)
Vps11Vacuolar protein sorting 11 (Vps11) encodes a Class C Vps core subunit of HOPS, a heterohexameric tethering complex that consists of the products of car, dor, lt, Vps11, Vps16A and Vps39. HOPS tethers autophagosomes or late endosomes with lysosomes to facilitate fusion. The product of Vps11 roles include autophagosome-lysosome fusion, late endosome-lysosome fusion and biosynthetic trafficking to lysosomes. (830 aa)
dorVacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments and in membrane docking/fusion reactions of late endosomes/lysosomes probably as part of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex. In larval neuromuscular junctions, essential for endosomal sorting which traffics old or dysfunctional synaptic vesicle proteins through a degradative endolysosomal route. Required for the biogenesis of eye pigment granules. Required to maintain normal levels of rush, which functions in endosome formation [...] (1002 aa)
Atg5Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with Atg12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving Atg7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and Atg10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of Atg8 and its association to the vesicle membranes (By similarity). (269 aa)
RpS640S ribosomal protein S6; May play an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA. (248 aa)
Atg8aAutophagy-related 8a (Atg8a) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein that is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine, and this lipid modification anchors it into the membrane of forming and completed autophagosomes. Atg8a product has roles in autophagosome formation, maintaining neuromuscular function and normal lifespan. (121 aa)
Pi3K59FPhosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F (Pi3K59F) encodes a lipid kinase that is required for formation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. It functions in a core protein complex that includes the products of Atg6 and Vps15. It is involved in the control of vesicle trafficking, including autophagy, endocytosis and phagocytosis. (949 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
Server load: low (28%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.