STRINGSTRING
Ube3a Ube3a CycA CycA CG11267 CG11267 Rpn12 Rpn12 ACXD ACXD mt:ATPase6 mt:ATPase6 Rpt3 Rpt3 Ubr1 Ubr1 Rpt2 Rpt2 Jheh2 Jheh2 E2f1 E2f1 nAChRalpha3 nAChRalpha3 Dyrk2 Dyrk2 htt htt Pi3K92E Pi3K92E Rad23 Rad23 His3.3A His3.3A Usp14 Usp14 HDAC6 HDAC6 Atf3 Atf3 Rpn8 Rpn8 HtrA2 HtrA2 Xbp1 Xbp1 Rpt4 Rpt4 foxo foxo Rpn3 Rpn3 CG32305 CG32305 CG32301 CG32301 Pten Pten Cdk2 Cdk2 Ide Ide Rpn13 Rpn13 Pink1 Pink1 Pka-C1 Pka-C1 Odc2 Odc2 Odc1 Odc1 Uba1 Uba1 Rpn6 Rpn6 Cdk5 Cdk5 Jheh1 Jheh1 Jheh3 Jheh3 PCNA PCNA ubl ubl Debcl Debcl His3:CG31613 His3:CG31613 Pka-C2 Pka-C2 Rpt6R Rpt6R Gp93 Gp93 Rpn9 Rpn9 Rpt5 Rpt5 Rpn7 Rpn7 Decay Decay Akt1 Akt1 Pomp Pomp PCNA2 PCNA2 Cyt-c-p Cyt-c-p Cyt-c-d Cyt-c-d ACXA ACXA ACXB ACXB ACXC ACXC Uro Uro Rpn11 Rpn11 Skp2 Skp2 HDAC3 HDAC3 Rpn5 Rpn5 Rpn10 Rpn10 Ts Ts Rpt6 Rpt6 Uch-L5 Uch-L5
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
Ube3aUbiquitin protein ligase E3A (Ube3a) encodes the founding member of the HECT-type ubiquitin E3 ligase family of enzymes. It is involved in the final step of conjugation of ubiquitin to its target substrates. It regulates protein degradation by targeting modified proteins to the proteasome or by regulating the proteasome activity through ubiquitination of its subunits, which in turn affects many aspects of neuronal function, such as synaptic plasticity, long-term memory or dendritic development. (973 aa)
CycAG2/mitotic-specific cyclin-A; Cyclin A (CycA) encodes a protein that binds to the product of Cdk1, thereby promoting Cdk1's protein kinase activity. The CycA-Cdk1 complex controls important aspects of progression through the cell cycle, including entry into mitosis. During the G2 phase, this complex is important for prevention of premature DNA re-replication. During mitosis and G1, the product of CycA is rapidly degraded (involving APC/C and the proteasome), resulting in inactivation of Cdk1 protein kinase activity. (491 aa)
CG11267RH34413p; Metal ion binding; unfolded protein binding; chaperone binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: chaperone cofactor-dependent protein refolding; Belongs to the GroES chaperonin family. (103 aa)
Rpn1226S proteasome regulatory complex subunit p30; It is involved in the biological process described with: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. (264 aa)
ACXDAdenylyl cyclase X D, isoform A; Adenylate cyclase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. (1162 aa)
mt:ATPase6ATP synthase subunit a; Mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase (F(1)F(0) ATP synthase or Complex V) produces ATP from ADP in the presence of a proton gradient across the membrane which is generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. F-type ATPases consist of two structural domains, F(1) - containing the extramembraneous catalytic core and F(0) - containing the membrane proton channel, linked together by a central stalk and a peripheral stalk. During catalysis, ATP synthesis in the catalytic domain of F(1) is coupled via a rotary mechanism of the central stalk subuni [...] (224 aa)
Rpt3Regulatory particle triple-A ATPase 3, isoform A; Proteasome-activating ATPase activity; ATPase activity; ATP binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; protein catabolic process; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (413 aa)
Ubr1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which is a component of the N-end rule pathway. Recognizes and binds to proteins bearing specific N- terminal residues that are destabilizing according to the N-end rule, leading to their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Belongs to the UBR1 family. (1824 aa)
Rpt226S proteasome regulatory subunit 4; Regulatory particle triple-A ATPase 2 (Rpt2) encodes one of six ATPases that form the base of the regulatory 19S cap of the proteasome. The Rpt2 product is involved in the recognition of specific substrates destined for degradation, such as those involved in Notch signalling pathway. (439 aa)
Jheh2Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 2 (Jheh2) encodes an enzyme that hydrolyzes cis-stilbene oxide. Jheh2 expression changes are associated with increased tolerance to oxidative stress; Belongs to the peptidase S33 family. (463 aa)
E2f1Transcription factor E2f1; Transcriptional activator that binds to E2f sites. Required for wild-type growth in mitotic and polytene tissues, Contributes to the expression of replication genes at the G1-S transition and Cyclin E. Activates cell proliferation in wing imaginal disk, which requires expression of vg; Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (821 aa)
nAChRalpha3Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor alpha3 (nAChRalpha3) encodes a subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, which is a pentameric neurotransmitter-gated ion channel. (795 aa)
Dyrk2Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2; In vitro; can phosphorylate exogenous substrates on Ser and Thr residues. May have a physiological role in development being involved in cellular growth and differentiation. (757 aa)
httHuntington disease protein homolog; Huntingtin (htt) encodes a scaffold protein involved in mitotic spindle orientation, chromatin regulation and axonal transport. It is the ortholog of human HTT and has been manipulated to study Huntington's disease in flies. (3583 aa)
Pi3K92EPhosphoinositide 3-kinase, Dp110; Pi3K92E (Pi3K92E) encodes the catalytic subunit of a class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase that functions downstream of the product of InR and other receptors during several processes, including cell and tissue growth; Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. (1088 aa)
Rad23DNA repair protein Rad23; Rad23 (Rad23) encodes an evolutionarily conserved member of the proteasome-associated proteins. It acts as a shuttle -or bridge- protein helping ubiquitinated proteins to interact with the proteasome, which in turn regulates their turnover. (414 aa)
His3.3AHistone H3.3A; Variant histone H3 which replaces conventional H3 in a wide range of nucleosomes in active genes and is specifically enriched in modifications associated with active chromatin. Constitutes the predominant form of histone H3 in non-dividing cells and is incorporated into chromatin independently of DNA synthesis. Deposited at sites of nucleosomal displacement throughout transcribed genes, suggesting that it represents an epigenetic imprint of transcriptionally active chromatin. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular mach [...] (136 aa)
Usp14Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase; Ubiquitin specific protease 14 (Usp14) encodes a deubiquitinase that associates with the 19S component of the proteasome in a reversible manner. Its functions include ubiquitin chain disassemblance for mono-ubiquitin recycling, control of protein degradation by the proteasome and regulation of proteasome subtrate interactions. (475 aa)
HDAC6Histone deacetylase 6, isoform G; Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) encodes a cytosolic deacetylase that functions as a key modulator of proteostasis by mediating ubiquitin-proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of native and/or misfolded proteins. (1179 aa)
Atf3Activating transcription factor 3; Transcription factor which binds to the cAMP response element (CRE). Regulates metabolic and innate immune homeostasis, possibly by controlling appropriate expression of genes involved in peritrophic matrix composition and ensuring the normal digestive and immune function of the gut. Required for the expression of odorant receptors Or43b and Or47b ; Belongs to the bZIP family. ATF subfamily. (688 aa)
Rpn826S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. (358 aa)
HtrA2Serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial, short; Serine protease that shows proteolytic activity against a non-specific substrate beta-casein. Promotes or induces cell death either by direct binding to and inhibition of BIRC proteins (also called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs), leading to an increase in caspase activity, or by a BIRC inhibition-independent, caspase- independent and serine protease activity-dependent mechanism. Can antagonize antiapoptotic activity of th by directly inducing the degradation of th. (422 aa)
Xbp1X box binding protein-1 (Xbp1) encodes a transcription factor that mediates the unfolded protein response. Xbp1 mRNA undergoes splicing after being cleaved by the product of Ire1, inducing the expression of ER quality control transcripts. Xbp1 mutants fail to develop beyond the 2nd instar larval stage, indicative of a requirement to resolve inherent ER stress during normal development. (498 aa)
Rpt4Regulatory particle triple-A ATPase 4 (Rpt4) encodes the 19S proteasomal ATPase, which is a component of the 26S proteosome complex. It localizes to the nucleolus and participates in regulating rRNA transcription. It physically interacts with the tumor suppressor encoded by BHD. (397 aa)
foxoForkhead box protein O; Transcription factor involved in the regulation of the insulin signaling pathway. Consistently activates both the downstream target Thord4EBP and the feedback control target InR. Involved in negative regulation of the cell cycle, modulating cell growth and proliferation. In response to cellular stresses, such as nutrient deprivation or increased levels of reactive oxygen species, foxo is activated and inhibits growth through the action of target genes such as Thor. Foxo activated in the adult fat body can regulate lifespan in adults; an insulin peptide itself m [...] (622 aa)
Rpn3Probable 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26 proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. (494 aa)
CG32305Uncharacterized protein; Adenylate cyclase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. (1164 aa)
CG32301Uncharacterized protein, isoform C; Adenylate cyclase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; chaeta development; notum development; cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process. (1111 aa)
PtenPhosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) encodes a dual lipid and protein phosphatase that primarily counters the effects of the insulin-regulated lipid kinase, encoded by Pi3K92E. It inhibits cell growth, cell proliferation and cellular events controlling cytoskeletal and junctional rearrangements. (514 aa)
Cdk2Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) encodes a catalytic protein kinase subunit that can only become active after association with the product of CycE. The protein kinase activity of the CycE-Cdk2 complex controls important aspects of progression through the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. In addition, periodic CycE-Cdk2 activity regulates progression through endoreduplication cycles; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (314 aa)
IdeInsulin-degrading enzyme; Insulin degrading metalloproteinase (Ide) encodes a metalloprotease that controls growth in a cell-autonomous manner by regulating the level of the insulin-like peptide encoded by Ilp2. (990 aa)
Rpn13Proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 homolog; May function as a proteasomal ubiquitin receptor. May promote the deubiquitinating activity associated with the 26S proteasome (By similarity). (424 aa)
Pink1PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1) is the ortholog of human PINK1, a gene mutated in autosomal recessive Parkinson's disease. Pink1 encodes a mitochondrially targeted Ser-Thr kinase. It has been linked to a number of cellular functions including altering mitochondrial dynamics, the autophagic degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria, and the proper function of Complex I of the electron transport chain. (721 aa)
Pka-C1cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit 1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in memory formation. Promotes long-term memory by phosphorylating meng and by regulating CrebB protein stability and activity. As part of ethanol response in the glia, mediates ethanol-induced structural remodeling of actin cytoskeleton and perineurial membrane topology when anchored to the membrane. (353 aa)
Odc2Ornithine decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of polyamine biosynthesis that converts ornithine into putrescine, which is the precursor for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and are implicated in cellular processes, ranging from DNA replication to apoptosis. Belongs to the Orn/Lys/Arg decarboxylase class-II family. (393 aa)
Odc1Ornithine decarboxylase 1; Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of polyamine biosynthesis that converts ornithine into putrescine, which is the precursor for the polyamines, spermidine and spermine. Polyamines are essential for cell proliferation and are implicated in cellular processes, ranging from DNA replication to apoptosis. (394 aa)
Uba1Ubiquitin activating enzyme 1 (Uba1) encodes an E1 enzyme involved in protein ubiquitylation. It contributes to multiple processes including regulation of Ras-ERK signaling, autophagy, apoptosis and tissue growth; Belongs to the ubiquitin-activating E1 family. (1191 aa)
Rpn626S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11; Component of the lid subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. In the complex, RPN6 is required for proteasome assembly (By similarity). May act as linker between 19S regulatory subunit and the 20S proteasome core. (439 aa)
Cdk5Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) encodes a protein serine-threonine kinase of the cyclin-dependent kinase family whose activity is largely restricted to post-mitotic neurons. It is required for synaptic homeostasis and fidelity of axon patterning, and altered activity causes adult-onset neurodegeneration. (294 aa)
Jheh1Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1 (Jheh1) expression changes are associated with increased tolerance to oxidative stress; Belongs to the peptidase S33 family. (474 aa)
Jheh3Epoxide hydrolase; Catalyzes juvenile hormone hydrolysis. Belongs to the peptidase S33 family. (468 aa)
PCNAProliferating cell nuclear antigen; Likely to be an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta complex and is probably involved in the control of DNA replication and repair by increasing the polymerase's processibility. Belongs to the PCNA family. (260 aa)
ublUbiquitin-like protein 5; Protein tag. It is involved in the biological process described with: mRNA splicing, via spliceosome; cellular protein modification process. (73 aa)
DebclDeath executioner Bcl-2 (Debcl) encodes a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family involved in programmed cell death. (300 aa)
His3:CG31613Histone H3; Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling. (136 aa)
Pka-C2ATP binding; protein serine/threonine kinase activity; cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity; protein kinase A regulatory subunit binding. It is involved in the biological process described with: protein kinase A signaling; peptidyl-serine phosphorylation. (354 aa)
Rpt6RRegulatory particle triple-A ATPase 6-related; Hydrolase activity; TBP-class protein binding; ATP binding; ATPase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly; modulation of chemical synaptic transmission; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (399 aa)
Gp93Glycoprotein 93 (Gp93) encodes a heat shock protein Hsp90 family member that is involved in midgut development. (787 aa)
Rpn926S proteasome regulatory complex subunit p39A; Structural molecule activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; proteasome assembly; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. (382 aa)
Rpt5Regulatory particle triple-A ATPase 5 (Rpt5) encodes a component of the 26S proteasome, which degrades polyubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. (428 aa)
Rpn726S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6; Acts as a regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome which is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. (389 aa)
DecayDeath executioner caspase related to Apopain/Yama (Decay) encodes one of the seven members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. It has substrate specificity similar to the effector caspases encoded by Drice and Dcp-1; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (308 aa)
Akt1RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...] (611 aa)
PompGEO05038p1; It is involved in the biological process described with: proteasome assembly; proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process; proteolysis. (134 aa)
PCNA2Proliferating cell nuclear antigen 2; Likely to be an auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase delta complex and is probably involved in the control of DNA replication and repair by increasing the polymerase's processibility. May function independently of PCNA during DNA repair. (255 aa)
Cyt-c-pCytochrome c-2; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (108 aa)
Cyt-c-dCytochrome c-1; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (105 aa)
ACXAAdenylyl cyclase X A, isoform A; Adenylate cyclase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; spermatogenesis. (1112 aa)
ACXBAdenylyl cyclase X B; Adenylate cyclase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: spermatogenesis; cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. (1114 aa)
ACXCAdenylyl cyclase X C, isoform A; Adenylate cyclase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: cyclic nucleotide biosynthetic process; spermatogenesis; adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway. (1130 aa)
UroUricase; Catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate, which is further processed to form (S)-allantoin. (352 aa)
Rpn1126S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14; Metalloprotease component of the 26S proteasome that specifically cleaves 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. The 26S proteasome is involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The function of the 'Lys-63'-specific deubiquitination of the proteasome is unclear (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. PSMD14 subfamily. (308 aa)
Skp2S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) encodes the substrate recognizing component of the SCF-Skp2 ubiquitin ligase. It functions with the product of Cks85A to target the product of dap for destruction. It is required for larval growth and to maintain diploidy in imaginal tissues. (559 aa)
HDAC3Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) encodes a histone deacetylase involved in chromatin silencing. It controls cell growth through apoptosis suppression by regulating transcription of hid; Belongs to the histone deacetylase family. HD Type 1 subfamily. (438 aa)
Rpn5Regulatory particle non-ATPase 5; It is involved in the biological process described with: proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process. (502 aa)
Rpn10Regulatory particle non-ATPase 10 (Rpn10) encodes one of the polyubiquitin receptor subunits of the 26S proteasome. It recognizes and binds the polyubiquitin moiety of proteins intended for proteasomal degradation or the ubiquitin-like domain of extraproteasomal ubiquitin receptors. (396 aa)
TsThymidylate synthase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: dTMP biosynthetic process. (321 aa)
Rpt626S proteasome regulatory subunit 8; Regulatory particle triple-A ATPase 6 (Rpt6) encodes a subunit of the proteasome, which is responsible for the ATP-dependent degradation of obsolete or damaged proteins. Rpt6 product belongs to the heterohexameric ring formed by triple-A ATPases that unfolds ubiquitinated target proteins before their degradation. (405 aa)
Uch-L5Ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L5 (Uch-L5) encodes a component of the 26S proteasome, which degrades polyubiquitinated proteins in the cytoplasm and nucleus. (324 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
Server load: low (22%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.