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ac ac sc sc l(1)sc l(1)sc brk brk Egfr Egfr dve dve sev sev acj6 acj6 Rh4 Rh4 slp1 slp1 dpp dpp Pph13 Pph13 fng fng eya eya wg wg esg esg sna sna ato ato tgo tgo hth hth svp svp sim sim ninaE ninaE Rh3 Rh3 boss boss tll tll tsh tsh sca sca otk otk dpn dpn bsh bsh so so hh hh Fas3 Fas3 fz3 fz3 Dll Dll salr salr Optix Optix sbb sbb mirr mirr fz fz erm erm stan stan rho rho Vsx1 Vsx1 Rh5 Rh5 Rh6 Rh6 yki yki oc oc
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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acAchaete-scute complex protein T5; Achaete (ac) encodes a BHLH transcription factor that interacts antagonistically with the Notch signaling pathway to promote neural precursor formation. Its major role is in nervous system development. (201 aa)
scAchaete-scute complex protein T4; AS-C proteins are involved in the determination of the neuronal precursors in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Also involved in sex determination and dosage compensation. (345 aa)
l(1)scAchaete-scute complex protein T3; AS-C proteins are involved in the determination of the neuronal precursors in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. (257 aa)
brkPutative transcription factor; Brinker (brk) encodes a transcriptional repressor that plays important roles in the development of many tissues, including most imaginal discs, where its expression is negatively regulated by Dpp signaling. (704 aa)
EgfrEpidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...] (1426 aa)
dveDefective proventriculus (dve) encodes a transcriptional repressor that binds to the K50 site. It is involved in developmental patterning, cell-type specification, and functional differentiation. (1024 aa)
sevProtein sevenless; Receptor for an extracellular signal required to instruct a cell to differentiate into an R7 photoreceptor. The ligand for sev is the boss (bride of sevenless) protein on the surface of the neighboring R8 cell. (2554 aa)
acj6Inhibitory POU protein; Modulates gene transcription; simultaneously generates both a specific activator and an inhibitor of gene transcription, capable of modulating two distinct regulatory programs during neural development. Has a role in olfactory behavior; Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-4 subfamily. (396 aa)
Rh4Opsin Rh4; Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal. (378 aa)
slp1Sloppy paired 1 (slp1) encodes a transcription factor of the fork-head family that functions by interacting with the corepressor encoded by gro. The product of slp1 regulates a wide variety of developmental processes including embryonic segmentation, ventral fate specification in the retina, and temporal patterning of the neuroblasts that produce medulla neurons. (322 aa)
dppProtein decapentaplegic; Required during oogenesis for eggshell patterning and dorsal/ventral patterning of the embryo. Acts as a morphogen during embryogenesis to pattern the dorsal/ventral axis, specifying dorsal ectoderm and amnioserosa cell fate within the dorsal half of the embryo; this activity is antagonized by binding to sog and tsg. Induces the formation of visceral mesoderm and the heart in early embryos. Required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. Also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development [...] (588 aa)
Pph13PvuII-PstI homology 13 (Pph13) encodes a paired-class homeodomain protein. It is critical for rhabdomeric photoreceptor differentiation, phototransduction and rhabdomere morphogenesis. (357 aa)
fngFringe glycosyltransferase; Glycosyltransferase involved in the elongation of O-linked ligands to activate Notch signaling. Possesses fucose-specific beta- 1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity; extends the O-linked fucose on the Notch EGF repeats. Boundary-specific cell-signaling molecule that is responsible for dorsal-ventral cell interactions during wing development. (412 aa)
eyaDevelopmental protein eyes absent; Tyrosine phosphatase thought to play a role in transcription regulation during organogenesis through its intrinsic protein phosphatase activity. The phosphatase activity was shown in vitro. Appears to function together with So and Dac in eye development. Required for the survival of eye progenitor cells at a critical stage in morphogenesis. Belongs to the HAD-like hydrolase superfamily. EYA family. (766 aa)
wgProtein wingless; Binds as a ligand to a family of frizzled seven-transmembrane receptors and acts through a cascade of genes on the nucleus. Segment polarity protein. May be a growth factor. Acts on neighboring cells to regulate at least one gene, the homeobox segmentation gene engrailed. Wg signal represses arm phosphorylation. Wg signaling operates by inactivating the sgg repression of engrailed autoactivation. Wg and Wnt2 have a role in the developing trachea and together are responsible for all dorsal trunk formation. Wg also acts in the developing epidermis. Acts as a morphogen, [...] (468 aa)
esgProtein escargot; Transcription factor that can both stimulate and repress transcription. Binds to the consensus DNA sequence 5'-A/GCAGGTG-3'. Regulates cell motility and adhesion during tracheal morphogenesis by stimulating transcription of the DE-cadherin gene shg at branch tips, thereby promoting tracheal tube fusion. Maintains diploidy in imaginal cells by inhibiting the transcription of genes required for endoreplication. Required for development of the genital disk and acts as an intrinsic determinant of wing cell fate. The somatic protein is required for maintenance of male germ [...] (470 aa)
snaSnail (sna) encodes a transcription factor that contributes to embryonic mesoderm development, epithelial to mesenchymal transition and asymmetric cell division. (390 aa)
atoProtein atonal; Developmental protein involved in neurogenesis. Required for the formation of chordotonal organs and photoreceptors. Seems to bind to E boxes. Specifically required for the photoreceptor R8 selection. (312 aa)
tgoAryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator homolog; Heterodimers of tgo/trh are involved in the control of breathless expression. Plays a role in the cellular or tissue response to oxygen deprivation. (642 aa)
hthHomeobox protein homothorax; All isoforms are required for patterning of the embryonic cuticle. Acts with exd to delimit the eye field and prevent inappropriate eye development. Isoforms that carry the homeodomain are required for proper localization of chordotonal organs within the peripheral nervous system and antennal identity; required to activate antennal-specific genes, such as sal and to repress the leg-like expression of dac. Necessary for the nuclear localization of the essential HOX cofactor, extradenticle (exd). Both necessary and sufficient for inner photoreceptors to adopt [...] (487 aa)
svpSteroid receptor seven-up, isoform A; Receptor that is required in photoreceptors R1, R3, R4 and R6 during eye development; generation of the ganglion mother cell-2 (GMC- 2) fate in the nb7-3 lineage, coinciding with the transition in the expression of HB to KR in the neuroblasts (NBs). Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (746 aa)
simProtein single-minded; Transcription factor that functions as a master developmental regulator controlling midline development of the ventral nerve cord. Required to correctly specify the formation of the central brain complex, which controls walking behavior. Also required for correct patterning of the embryonic genital disk and anal pad anlage. Plays a role in synapse development. (688 aa)
ninaEOpsin Rh1; Neither inactivation nor afterpotential E (ninaE) encodes a protein that plays a major role in light detection and vision. It is the rhodopsin expressed in the largest class of photoreceptors in the adult retina. The stimulation by light of the product of ninaE induces G-protein signaling activation, the opening of the channels encoded by trp and trpl and photoreceptor cell membrane depolarization. (373 aa)
Rh3Rhodopsin 3 (Rh3) encodes a Rhodopsin GPCR protein that responds to UV light and activates the phototransduction cascade that leads to photoreceptor depolarization. Rh3 is expressed in R7 photoreceptors in a stochastic manner: 35% of R7 photoreceptors express Rh3 while the remaining 65% express another UV-sensitive Rhodopsin encoded by Rh4. (383 aa)
bossProtein bride of sevenless; Acts as a ligand for sevenless tyrosine-kinase receptor during eye development. (896 aa)
tllProtein tailless; Orphan receptor that binds DNA as a monomer to hormone response elements (HRE) containing an extended core motif half-site sequence 5'-AAGTCA-3' in which the 5' flanking nucleotides participate in determining receptor specificity. This receptor binds to the consensus sequence [AG][AG]AAGTCAA. Plays a key role in the establishment of non-metameric domains at the anterior and posterior poles of the embryo. It may also play a role in the nervous system. The maternal terminal pathway activates the tll gene in the termini; TLL activity then represses segmentation and activ [...] (452 aa)
tshProtein teashirt; Homeotic protein that acts downstream of Arm in the Wg cascade during embryogenesis to determine segment identity throughout the entire trunk. Acts cooperatively with other trunk homeotic proteins to repress head homeotic genes and therefore repress head segmental identity. Necessary, in combination with Scr, for the formation of the prothoracic segment. Promotes eye development in the dorsal region of the eye disk and suppresses eye development in the ventral region in combination with Wg-signaling and several early dorso-ventral eye patterning genes. Required for pr [...] (954 aa)
scaScabrous (sca) encodes a secreted glycoprotein with partial homology to fibrinogen and its relatives. It is a transcriptional target of proneural bHLH proteins and a useful marker for proneural regions and cells. It contributes to neural patterning and interacts with the Notch pathway. (799 aa)
otkTyrosine-protein kinase-like otk; Acts as a calcium-dependent, homophilic cell adhesion molecule that regulates neural recognition during the development of the nervous system. Component of the repulsive Plexin signaling response to regulate motor axon guidance at the embryonic stage. Also component of a receptor complex that is required in the adult visual system to innervate the lamina layer; specific targeting of R1-R6 axons; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. (1033 aa)
dpnProtein deadpan; Transcriptional repressor of genes that require a bHLH protein for their transcription. In the larval brain, required to maintain the self- renewal and identity of type II neuroblasts by regulating the expression of the transcriptional repressor erm together with other self-renewal transcriptional repressors such as klu and E(spl)mgamma- HLH. As part of its role in neuroblasts development, has been shown to be a direct target of the Notch signaling pathway, however might work also independently of N/Notch. In the developing larval and pupal brain, required for mushroom [...] (435 aa)
bshBrain-specific homeobox protein; DNA binding protein that function as transcriptional activator (By similarity). May play a role in the determination and function of cell types in the brain; Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family. (429 aa)
soSine oculis (so) encodes a homeobox-containing transcription factor that functions with the product of eya as a transcriptional co-activator. It contributes to both cell and tissue fate specification, promotion of cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis. (416 aa)
hhProtein hedgehog C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Establishes the anterior-posterior axis of the embryonic segments and patterns the larval imaginal disks. Binds to the patched (ptc) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (smo), to activate the transcription of target genes wingless (wg), decapentaplegic (dpp) and ptc. In the absence of hh, ptc represses the constitutive signaling activity of smo through fused (fu). Essential component of a signaling pathway which regulates the Duox-dependent gut immune r [...] (471 aa)
Fas3Fasciclin-3; Mediates cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. It plays a role in axon outgrowth, guidance and fasciculation of the developing nervous system. (577 aa)
fz3Frizzled-3; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to i [...] (646 aa)
DllHomeotic protein distal-less; Transcription factor that plays a role in larval and adult appendage development. Specifies the identity of ventral appendages (including legs and antennae) and suppresses dorsal appendage development. Involved in patterning the distal-proximal limb axis. May control the adhesive properties of cells during limb morphogenesis. Also has a secondary role in the normal patterning of the wing margin. (347 aa)
salrSpalt-related, isoform A; Spalt-related (salr) encodes a zinc finger transcriptional repressor that, together with the product of salm, mediates most dpp functions during development of the central part of the wing. It is repressed by the product of Ubx during haltere development. (1267 aa)
OptixOptix (Optix) encodes a homeobox containing DNA binding protein and a member of the SIX class of proteins. It functions as a repressor via interaction with the transcriptional co-repressor encoded by gro. It is involved in eye formation and morphogenetic furrow movement. (492 aa)
sbbScribbler, isoform J; Scribbler (sbb) encodes a transcriptional co-regulator that acts mainly as a co-repressor. It interacts physically and genetically with the product of Gug and is used by the repressor encoded by tll in early embryos. It regulates larval behavior, photoreceptor axon target choice, and functions downstream of Hedgehog signaling. (2330 aa)
mirrMirror, isoform C; Mirror (mirr) encodes an iroquois homeobox transcription factor involved in dorso-ventral axis formation during oogenesis and eye formation. It also contributes to embryonic segmentation, peripheral nervous system development and growth regulation. (682 aa)
fzFrizzled; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...] (612 aa)
ermFez family zinc finger protein erm; Zinc-finger transcriptional repressor. In larval brain, involved in the maintenance of cell fate of intermediate neural progenitors (INPs) that derive from type II neuroblasts. Restricts INP developmental potential and dedifferentiation by interacting with HDAC3 and the chromatin remodeling Brahma-associated protein (BAP) complex. Restricts INP proliferation by regulating neuroblast specific factors such as prospero, pnt and grh, and by antagonizing the function of self-renewal factors, such as klu, dpn and E(spl)mgamma-HLH. In the optic lobe, essent [...] (698 aa)
stanProtocadherin-like wing polarity protein stan; Involved in the fz signaling pathway that controls wing tissue polarity. Also mediates homophilic cell adhesion. May play a role in initiating prehair morphogenesis. May play a critical role in tissue polarity and in formation of normal dendrite fields. During planar cell polarity, stabilizes asymmetric PCP domains together with ATP6AP2. (3648 aa)
rhoProtein rhomboid; Acts early in embryonic development to establish position along the dorsoventral axis and then again later to specify the fate of neuronal precursor cells. Involved in EGF receptor signaling; cleaves Spitz to release the active growth factor. Belongs to the peptidase S54 family. (355 aa)
Vsx1Visual system homeobox 1 (Vsx1) encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of the visual-system. (837 aa)
Rh5Rhodopsin 5 (Rh5) encodes a visual GPCR opsin that covalently binds the chromophore retinal. A photon of light stimulates the isomerization of retinal resulting in a conformational change in the product of Rh5 and signal activation. Its peak sensitivity is in the blue and it is expressed in a subclass of R8 photoreceptors; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily. (382 aa)
Rh6Opsin Rh6; Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal. (362 aa)
ykiTranscriptional coactivator yorkie; Transcriptional coactivator which is the critical downstream regulatory target in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/ [...] (418 aa)
ocHomeotic protein ocelliless; Transcriptional regulator involved in pattern formation and cell determination in the embryonic CNS and larval imaginal disks. Also later in development to coordinate the expression of regulatory and structural genes required for photoreceptor cell fate in the ocelli. Has a dual role in the terminal differentiation of subtypes of photoreceptors by regulating rhodopsin (rh) expression: essential for establishing the expression of rh genes in the pale subset of ommatidia as well as repressing Rh6 in outer photoreceptors. Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (664 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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