Tyrosine-protein kinase Abl; Arm and Abl proteins function cooperatively at adherens junctions in both the CNS and epidermis; critical for embryonic epithelial morphogenesis regulating cell shape changes and cell migration. Plays a critical role in transducing embryonic midline repulsive cues; may regulate cytoskeletal dynamics underlying a growth cone's response to midline cues. The ability of pCC/MP2 axons to correctly interpret midline repulsive cues and stay on the ipsilateral side is dependent on the strength of both Slit/robo and Abl-dependent signaling pathways.

Epidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...]

Tyrosine-protein kinase Abl; Arm and Abl proteins function cooperatively at adherens junctions in both the CNS and epidermis; critical for embryonic epithelial morphogenesis regulating cell shape changes and cell migration. Plays a critical role in transducing embryonic midline repulsive cues; may regulate cytoskeletal dynamics underlying a growth cone's response to midline cues. The ability of pCC/MP2 axons to correctly interpret midline repulsive cues and stay on the ipsilateral side is dependent on the strength of both Slit/robo and Abl-dependent signaling pathways.

Mig-2-like (Mtl) encodes a Rho GTPase involved in actin organization regulation. It contributes to multiple actin-mediated processes including dorsal closure, wound healing, cell migration, germ band shortening and salivary gland morphogenesis.

Tyrosine-protein kinase Abl; Arm and Abl proteins function cooperatively at adherens junctions in both the CNS and epidermis; critical for embryonic epithelial morphogenesis regulating cell shape changes and cell migration. Plays a critical role in transducing embryonic midline repulsive cues; may regulate cytoskeletal dynamics underlying a growth cone's response to midline cues. The ability of pCC/MP2 axons to correctly interpret midline repulsive cues and stay on the ipsilateral side is dependent on the strength of both Slit/robo and Abl-dependent signaling pathways.

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F (Pi3K59F) encodes a lipid kinase that is required for formation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. It functions in a core protein complex that includes the products of Atg6 and Vps15. It is involved in the control of vesicle trafficking, including autophagy, endocytosis and phagocytosis.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Autophagy protein 5; Involved in autophagic vesicle formation. Conjugation with Atg12, through a ubiquitin-like conjugating system involving Atg7 as an E1-like activating enzyme and Atg10 as an E2-like conjugating enzyme, is essential for its function. The Atg12-Atg5 conjugate acts as an E3- like enzyme which is required for lipidation of Atg8 and its association to the vesicle membranes (By similarity).

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Autophagy-related 7 (Atg7) encodes an E1-type ligase for the autophagic ubiquitin-like proteins encoded by Atg8a and Atg12. Its roles include autophagosome formation, maintaining neuromuscular function and normal lifespan.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Axin (Axn) encodes the key scaffolding protein for the canonical Wnt signalling pathway. In the absence of signal, it targets the product of arm for proteolysis inhibiting Wnt signalling. In the presence of signal, it forms a part of the membrane activation complex, disrupting the product of arm degradation. This pathway play roles in cell proliferation (imaginal disc), differentiation (embryonic patterning), death and stemness.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Epidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...]

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Lactate dehydrogenase (Ldh) encodes a protein involved in myoblast fusion and somatic muscle development; Belongs to the LDH/MDH superfamily. LDH family.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Matrix metalloproteinase-2; Has metalloproteinase activity. Required for larval tissue histolysis during metamorphosis and is involved in pupal head eversion and fusion of the wing imaginal tissue. Required for growth of the dorsal air sac primordium and development of the dorsal air sacs. Promotes embryonic motor axon fasciculation. Cleaves and activates frac to promote motor axon bundling during outgrowth. Promotes the reshaping of adult sensory neuron dendrites from a radial to lattice-like shape which occurs after eclosion by degrading the basement membrane on which the dendrites g [...]

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Mig-2-like (Mtl) encodes a Rho GTPase involved in actin organization regulation. It contributes to multiple actin-mediated processes including dorsal closure, wound healing, cell migration, germ band shortening and salivary gland morphogenesis.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Proline-rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40) encodes a protein that functions to link Insulin/IGF signaling and the activation of the product of Tor in a tissue-specific manner, affecting the activity of the product of Tor in the ovary but not in other fly tissues.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase, mitochondrial; Inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by phosphorylation of the E1 alpha subunit, thus contributing to the regulation of glucose metabolism; Belongs to the PDK/BCKDK protein kinase family.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F (Pi3K59F) encodes a lipid kinase that is required for formation of Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. It functions in a core protein complex that includes the products of Atg6 and Vps15. It is involved in the control of vesicle trafficking, including autophagy, endocytosis and phagocytosis.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten) encodes a dual lipid and protein phosphatase that primarily counters the effects of the insulin-regulated lipid kinase, encoded by Pi3K92E. It inhibits cell growth, cell proliferation and cellular events controlling cytoskeletal and junctional rearrangements.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

GTP-binding protein Rheb homolog; Binds GTP and exhibits intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Activates the protein kinase activity of TORC1, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis. Stimulates the phosphorylation of S6K through activation of TORC1 signaling. May also have a role in activating TORC2 signaling.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog; Smad on X (Smox) encodes the primary transcription factor that mediates Activin signalling. Upon phosphorylation by the receptor encoded by babo, it forms a complex with the co-Smad protein encoded by Med. This complex translocates to the nucleus where it regulates expression of target genes.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Branchless (bnl) encodes a Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF) receptor for secreted FGF ligands that utilizes the intracellular Ras-MAP kinase pathway. It contributes to embryonic tracheal migration; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family.

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Frizzled; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to inv [...]

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Frizzled-3; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to i [...]

RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; Serine/threonine kinase involved in various developmental processes. During early embryogenesis, acts as a survival protein. During mid-embryogenesis, phosphorylates and activates trh, a transcription factor required for tracheal cell fate determination. Also regulates tracheal cell migration. Later in development, acts downstream of PI3K and Pk61C/PDK1 in the insulin receptor transduction pathway which regulates cell growth and organ size, by phosphorylating and antagonizing FOXO transcription factor. Controls follicle cell size during oogenesis. M [...]

Gigas, isoform A; Gigas (gig) encodes a tumour suppressor protein that, together with with the product of Tsc1, controls cellular growth via antagonizing insulin and TOR signalling pathways.