STRINGSTRING
Traf6 Traf6 Egfr Egfr Dcp-1 Dcp-1 Jafrac2 Jafrac2 hep hep betaNACtes2 betaNACtes2 mei-41 mei-41 wgn wgn skl skl rpr rpr grim grim hid hid Dronc Dronc Tak1 Tak1 Traf4 Traf4 AIF AIF Tspo Tspo PEK PEK Cyt-c-d Cyt-c-d Cyt-c-p Cyt-c-p puc puc Ras85D Ras85D Decay Decay Takl1 Takl1 sav sav p53 p53 fzo fzo Drice Drice wts wts Debcl Debcl Dark Dark bic bic Buffy Buffy egr egr betaNACtes1 betaNACtes1 eIF5 eIF5 Eip74EF Eip74EF tefu tefu Parp Parp Dredd Dredd kay kay Ask1 Ask1 Takl2 Takl2 bsk bsk EcR EcR Tab2 Tab2 Lam Lam Miro Miro HtrA2 HtrA2 Eip93F Eip93F br br Jra Jra Bruce Bruce hpo hpo crc crc LamC LamC usp usp Drp1 Drp1 Strica Strica Marf Marf Raf Raf rl rl
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Traf6TNF-receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6) encodes a protein that belongs to a family of adaptor proteins involved in transducing downstream signaling by interacting with cell surface receptors. It mediates the pro-inflammatory effects of Toll and related receptor signaling, and the cell death induced by JNK activation via the product of egr. (475 aa)
EgfrEpidermal growth factor receptor; Binds to four ligands: Spitz, Gurken, Vein and Argos, which is an antagonist. Transduces the signal through the ras-raf-MAPK pathway. Involved in a myriad of developmental decisions. Critical for the proliferation of imaginal tissues, and for the determination of both the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral polarities of the oocyte. In the embryo, plays a role in the establishment of ventral cell fates, maintenance of amnioserosa and ventral neuroectodermal cells, germ band retraction, cell fate specification in the central nervous system and production [...] (1426 aa)
Dcp-1Caspase-1 subunit p13; Death caspase-1 (Dcp-1) encodes an effector caspase that cleaves specific proteins during apoptosis. It typically acts downstream of the initiator caspase encoded by Dronc. It is also involved in non-apoptotic processes such as autophagy. (323 aa)
Jafrac2Thioredoxin peroxidase 2 (Jafrac2) encodes an atypical 2-Cys peroxiredoxin that regulates hydrogen peroxide levels and participates in the formation of disulfide bonds during oxidative protein folding. (242 aa)
hepDual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase hemipterous; Required for the epithelial cell sheet movement called dorsal closure (DC), which allows establishment of the dorsal epidermis. Controls the expression in the dorsal epithelium edges of another dorsal closure gene, puckered (puc). Phosphorylates and activates the MAP kinase bsk; bsk signal transduction pathway mediates an immune response and morphogenesis; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. MAP kinase kinase subfamily. (1178 aa)
betaNACtes2Transcription factor BTF3; Belongs to the NAC-beta family. (197 aa)
mei-41Serine/threonine-protein kinase ATR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which activates checkpoint signaling upon genotoxic stresses such as ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet light (UV), or DNA replication stalling, thereby acting as a DNA damage sensor. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]- Q. Phosphorylates various proteins, which collectively inhibits DNA replication and mitosis and promotes DNA repair and recombination. Phosphorylates grp/CHK1. Phosphorylates 'Ser-137' of histone variant H2AX/H2AV at sites of DNA damage, thereby regulating DNA damage response mechanism. [...] (2517 aa)
wgnTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member wengen; Receptor for egr. Involved in induction of apoptosis by triggering JNK signaling. Mediates the tumor suppressor activity of egr which eliminates oncogenic cells from epithelia, thereby maintaining epithelial integrity. Following UV-induced epidermal damage, binds to egr released from apoptotic epidermal cells and plays a role in development of thermal allodynia, a responsiveness to subthreshold thermal stimuli which are not normally perceived as noxious. Together with Moe, involved in control of axon targeting of R8 and R2-R5 ph [...] (343 aa)
sklIAP-inhibitory protein Sickle; Sickle (skl) encodes a member of the inhibitor of apoptotic protein antagonists. It is partially involved in the apoptosis of some larval neurons during metamorphosis. (108 aa)
rprCell death protein rpr; Reaper (rpr) encodes Reaper, Hid, Grim (RHG) protein. It contributes to the caspase dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the anti-apoptotic protein encoded by Diap1. (65 aa)
grimCell death protein Grim; Grim (grim) encodes a member of the inhibitor of apoptotic protein antagonists. In response to death signals, it induces apoptosis of cells in the central nervous system. It is important particularly for the apoptosis of specific juvenile neurons during metamorphosis. (138 aa)
hidCell death protein hid; Activator of apoptosis, with grim and rpr, that acts on the effector Dredd. Seems to act genetically upstream of baculoviral anti-apoptotic p35. Blocks Diap2 from binding and inactivating the effector caspase Drice. (410 aa)
DroncCaspase Nc subunit 1; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. Effector of steroid-mediated apoptosis during insect metamorphosis. Overexpression promotes programmed cell death. Interaction with Diap1 is required to suppress Dronc-mediated cell death; via Diap1-mediated ubiquitination of Dronc. Rate-limiting caspase in rpr and hid death pathway. (450 aa)
Tak1Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7; Component of a protein kinase signal transduction cascade. Mediator of TGF-beta signal transduction. Responsible for activation of the JNK MAPK pathway (basket, bsk and hemipterous, hep) in response to LPS. Component of the NF-kappa-B pathway; relish-mediated JNK inhibition involves proteasomal degradation of Tak1; certain targets of Relish that are induced during immune responses may facilitate destruction of Tak1 and switch off the JNK cascade. Participates in diverse roles such as control of cell shape and regulation of apoptosis. (678 aa)
Traf4TNF-receptor-associated factor 4 (Traf4) encodes an adapter protein thought to bind the TNF receptor and activate downstream signaling. However, it also has TNF independent roles, especially with respect to morphogenesis. The product of Traf4 interacts with and localizes polarity and adherens junction proteins such as the products of baz and arm respectively. It is required for normal embryonic development, cell death, and cell growth. (486 aa)
AIFPutative apoptosis-inducing factor 1, mitochondrial; Probable NADH oxidoreductase (By similarity). Mitochondrial effector of cell death that plays roles in developmentally regulated cell death and normal mitochondrial function. (739 aa)
TspoTranslocator protein (Tspo) encodes a protein localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane that is thought to be involved in various pathways, including steroid and heme biosynthesis, apoptosis, protein import, cell proliferation and differentiation and also has been proposed to participate in the formation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (185 aa)
PEKEukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase; Pancreatic eIF-2alpha kinase (PEK) encodes an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane kinase and a component of the integrated stress response. During ER stress the product of PEK phosphorylates the translation initiation factor encoded by eIF2alpha resulting in the inhibition of most cap-dependent translation. This is especially important during the development of secretory tissues and the response to cellular stress; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GCN2 subfamily. (1162 aa)
Cyt-c-dCytochrome c-1; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (105 aa)
Cyt-c-pCytochrome c-2; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (108 aa)
pucPuckered, isoform A; Puckered (puc) encodes a serine/threonine protein phosphatase that mediates a feedback loop that regulates the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway. (476 aa)
Ras85DRas-like protein 1; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (By similarity). Plays a role in eye development by regulating cell growth, survival of postmitotic ommatidial cells and differentiation of photoreceptor cells. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (189 aa)
DecayDeath executioner caspase related to Apopain/Yama (Decay) encodes one of the seven members of the caspase family of cysteine proteases. It has substrate specificity similar to the effector caspases encoded by Drice and Dcp-1; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (308 aa)
Takl1ATP binding; JUN kinase kinase kinase activity; protein kinase activity. It is involved in the biological process described with: activation of JUN kinase activity. (393 aa)
savScaffold protein salvador; Plays a key role in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activity of the [...] (608 aa)
p53P53 protein long form variant 1; P53 (p53) encodes a transcriptional factor required for adaptive responses to genotoxic stress, including cell death, compensatory proliferation and DNA repair. (495 aa)
fzoTransmembrane GTPase fzo; Essential transmembrane GTPase, which mediates mitochondrial fusion during spermatogenesis. In early spermatocytes, fusion of mitochondria give rise to two organelles named Nebenkern and constitutes an important step in mitochondria morphology, which is balanced between fusion and fission. Essential for fertility. (718 aa)
DriceCaspase subunit p12; Death related ICE-like caspase (Drice) encodes a major effector apoptotic caspase. It is essential for both developmental and damaged induced cell death, as well as several non-apoptotic vital cellular processes. It is activated by the product of Dark and the initiator caspase encoded by Dronc and is inhibited by the inhibitor of apoptosis encoded by Diap1; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (339 aa)
wtsSerine/threonine-protein kinase Warts; Negative regulator of Yorkie (Yki) in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the activi [...] (1105 aa)
DebclDeath executioner Bcl-2 (Debcl) encodes a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family involved in programmed cell death. (300 aa)
DarkDeath-associated APAF1-related killer, isoform B; Death-associated APAF1-related killer (Dark) encodes an essential component of the apoptosome. The products of Dark and Dronc form a pivotal holoenzyme required for apoptotic cell death with the products of Dark acting as an adaptor of the multimeric complex. (1440 aa)
bicTranscription factor BTF3; Bicaudal (bic) encodes the beta subunit of the nascent polypeptide-associated complex. It regulates osk mRNA localization, which in turn specifies the anterior/posterior axis of the egg. (169 aa)
BuffyAT16536p; Buffy (Buffy) encodes one of the two Bcl-2 family members in Drosophila (the other being the product of Debcl). Its loss has been linked to altered energy metabolism in larvae. (299 aa)
egrProtein eiger, membrane form; Cytokine which acts as a ligand for wgn. Also acts as a ligand for grnd. Induces apoptosis by triggering JNK signaling. Required for JNK-dependent non-autonomous apoptosis through release from apoptotic cells and activation of apoptosis in neighboring cells. Required for JNK-independent damage-induced apoptosis in the embryonic central nervous system through regulation of the pro-apoptotic gene hid. Involved in the innate immune response to extracellular pathogens. Plays a role in the melanization immune response through its involvement in the rupture of c [...] (415 aa)
betaNACtes1Transcription factor BTF3; Belongs to the NAC-beta family. (261 aa)
eIF5Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of GTP bound to the 40S ribosomal initiation complex (40S.mRNA.Met-tRNA[F].eIF-2.GTP) with the subsequent joining of a 60S ribosomal subunit resulting in the release of eIF-2 and the guanine nucleotide. The subsequent joining of a 60S ribosomal subunit results in the formation of a functional 80S initiation complex (80S.mRNA.Met-tRNA[F]) (By similarity). (464 aa)
Eip74EFEcdysone-induced protein 74EF (Eip74EF) encodes a transcription factor that responds to different concentrations of 20-hydroxyecdysone. It contributes to puparium formation and autophagy; Belongs to the ETS family. (883 aa)
tefuSerine/threonine-protein kinase ATM; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [ST]-Q. Required to suppress spontaneous apoptosis of proliferating cells during development, and for their proper differentiation. Required for female fertility. Protects telomeres from fusion, maybe by recruiting or maintaining chromatin- modifying complexes such as Su(var)205/HP1. May activate checkpoint signaling in response to DNA double-stranded breaks induced by low-dose ionizing radiation. May phosphorylate histone H2AV. Belongs to the PI3/PI4-kinase family. AT [...] (2767 aa)
ParpPoly [ADP-ribose] polymerase; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D-ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP- ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. (994 aa)
DreddCaspase-8 subunit p10; Effector of the programmed cell death (PCD) activators rpr, grim and hid. May play an apoptotic role in the germline as well as soma. Fadd interacts with Dredd to promote cleavage of Dredd and is necessary and sufficient for enhancing Dredd-induced apoptosis. Plays a role in the innate immune response. Required for resistance to Gram-negative bacterial infection. Diap2-mediated ubiquitination of Dredd is critical for processing of imd and rel and the subsequent expression of antimicrobial genes such as DptA. Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (494 aa)
kayTranscription factor kayak, isoforms A/B/F; Developmentally regulated transcription factor AP-1 binds and recognizes the enhancer DNA sequence: 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. May play a role in the function or determination of a particular subset of cells in the developing embryo. It is able to carry out its function either independently of or in conjunction with Jra. Belongs to the bZIP family. Fos subfamily. (755 aa)
Ask1Apoptotic signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) encodes a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the MAPK kinase kinase family. In response to various stresses, it phosphorylates MAPK kinases in JNK and p38 MAPK pathways, inducing cellular stress responses including cell death and immune responses. (1363 aa)
Takl2Tak1-like 2 (Takl2) encodes a putative serine-threonine kinase with similarity to the kinase encoded by Tak1. It has a mild wound closure phenotype in larval wound healing assays. (281 aa)
bskStress-activated protein kinase JNK; Responds to activation by environmental stress by phosphorylating a number of transcription factors, primarily components of AP-1 such as Jra and also the transcriptional repressor aop, and thus regulates transcriptional activity. Component of the immune response activated by bacterial infection, and is involved in wound healing and in dorsal closure, a morphogenetic movement during embryogenesis. Functions in the systematic response to wounding acting downstream of the Hayan-phenoloxidase PPO1 cascade. Exhibits cytoprotective activity in neuronal c [...] (372 aa)
EcREcdysone receptor (EcR) encodes a protein that interacts with the product of usp to form the nuclear ecdysone receptor heterodimer, which modulates, in conjunction with co-activators and co-repressors, the activities of hundreds of genes in a tissue- and stage-specific way. EcR is widely expressed in embryonic and larval tissues and in some adult tissues where its activities (modulated by the hormone ecdysone) trigger both molting and metamorphosis. (878 aa)
Tab2TAK1-associated binding protein 2 (Tab2) encodes a protein with an ubiquitin binding domain. It interacts with the product of Tak1, a MAP kinase kinase kinase involved the activation of the immune deficiency, JNK and Grindelwald-Eiger pathways. (831 aa)
LamLamin Dm0; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. May have a role in the localization of the LEM domain proteins Ote, bocks and MAN1 to the nuclear membrane. In spermatocytes, plays a role in maintaining type-A lamin LamC nuclear localization; regulates meiotic cytokinesis by maintaining the structure of the spindle envelope, and by contributing to the formation of the contractile ring and central spindle. (622 aa)
MiroMitochondrial Rho GTPase; Mitochondrial GTPase involved in mitochondrial trafficking. Milt and Miro form an essential protein complex that links Khc to mitochondria for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria. Required for axonal transport to synapses within nerve terminals. Required presynaptically but not postsynaptically at neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). (673 aa)
HtrA2Serine protease HTRA2, mitochondrial, short; Serine protease that shows proteolytic activity against a non-specific substrate beta-casein. Promotes or induces cell death either by direct binding to and inhibition of BIRC proteins (also called inhibitor of apoptosis proteins, IAPs), leading to an increase in caspase activity, or by a BIRC inhibition-independent, caspase- independent and serine protease activity-dependent mechanism. Can antagonize antiapoptotic activity of th by directly inducing the degradation of th. (422 aa)
Eip93FEcdysone-induced protein 93F, isoform C; Rho-type guanine nucleotide exchange factor (Eip93F) encodes a DNA binding protein that plays an. (1188 aa)
brBroad-complex core protein isoform 6; Broad-complex proteins are required for puffing and transcription of salivary gland late genes during metamorphosis. (1011 aa)
JraTranscription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Plays a role in dorsal closure. Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (372 aa)
BruceBIR repeat containing ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (Bruce) encodes a BIR domain containing anti-apoptotic protein of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family. It blocks apoptosis in part by binding to and ubiquitylating pro-apoptotic proteins such as the product of rpr. Bruce mutants are viable, but are vulnerable to apoptosis and show defects in spermatid differentiation. (4976 aa)
hpoSerine/threonine-protein kinase hippo; Plays a key role in the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (Hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (Sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (Wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (Yki) oncoprotein. The Hippo/SWH signaling pathway inhibits the act [...] (669 aa)
crcCryptocephal, isoform A; Cryptocephal (crc) encodes a protein that belongs to a member of the CREB/ATF family of basic-leucine zipper transcription factors. It serves as an coactivator of the product EcR of to promote expression the molting peptide hormone encoded by ETH. It also acts as an unfolded protein response transcription factor to regulate glycolytic genes in response to ER stress. (381 aa)
LamCLamin-C; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin (By similarity). In spermatocytes, regulates cytokinesis during meiosis. (640 aa)
uspProtein ultraspiracle; Receptor for ecdysone. May be an important modulator of insect metamorphosis. Plays an important part in embryonic and post- embryonic development. Binds to ecdysone response elements (ECRES) such as in the promoter region of s15 chorion gene; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (508 aa)
Drp1Dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) encodes a dynamin-like GTPase that mediates mitochondrial fission through a process that involves translocation to the mitochondrial outer membrane and oligomerization. It is required for normal neuronal development and maintenance of postmitotic neuronal function and viability; Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. (735 aa)
StricaSer/Thr-rich caspase (Strica) encodes a member of initiator caspases. It contributes, redundantly or cooperatively with the product of Dronc, to the apoptosis of selective larval neurons during metamorphosis and nurse cells during oogenesis, and competitive apoptosis of heterozygous mutant cells; Belongs to the peptidase C14A family. (527 aa)
MarfTransmembrane GTPase Marf; Mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor (Marf) encodes a dynamin-family GTPase that mediates outer mitochondrial membrane tethering and fusion. Marf loss causes mitochondrial fragmentation and endoplasmic reticular stress that evoke skeletal muscle, retinal and heart tube dysfunction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class dynamin-like GTPase superfamily. Dynamin/Fzo/YdjA family. Mitofusin subfamily. (814 aa)
RafRaf homolog serine/threonine-protein kinase Raf; Serine/threonine kinase required in the early embryo for the formation of terminal structure. Also required during the proliferation of imaginal cells. May act downstream of Ras85D in the tor signal transduction pathway. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. RAF subfamily. (739 aa)
rlMitogen-activated protein kinase ERK-A; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway to regulate poliferation, differentiation and effect cell fate decisions in various tissues. Required downstream of phl/Raf in the sev/sevenless, tor/torso, and EGF receptor homolog Egfr signal transduction pathways. Required for embryonic epithelial tissue repair. During larval development, mediates Ptth/tor signaling leading to the production of ecdysone, a hormone required for the initiation of metamorphosis. (376 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Drosophila melanogaster
NCBI taxonomy Id: 7227
Other names: D. melanogaster, Diptera sp. DNAS-2A9-224646, Sophophora melanogaster, fruit fly
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