Rv0331, (MTCY63.36), len: 388 aa. Possible dehydrogenase/reductase, similar to various dehydrogenases/reductases e.g. NP_103779.1|14022957|BAB49565.1|AP002999 flavoprotein reductase from Mesorhizobium loti (377 aa); NP_147681.1 predicted NAD(FAD)-dependent dehydrogenase from Aeropyrum pernix (381 aa); DHSU_CHRVI|Q06530 sulfide dehydrogenase (431 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 347, E(): 6.8e-15, (25.6% identity in 348 aa overlap). This region is a possible MT-complex-specific genomic island (See Becq et al.,2007).

Alternative RNA polymerase sigma-E factor (sigma-24) SigH (RPOE); Sigma factors are initiation factors that promote the attachment of RNA polymerase to specific initiation sites and are then released. Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors are held in an inactive form by a cognate anti-sigma factor (RshA) until released. This sigma factor is involved in heat shock and oxidative stress responses; it positively regulates the expression of itself, sigE, sigB and a number of transcriptional regulators as well as other effectors of heat and oxidative stress, leading to direct and ind [...]

Rv0331, (MTCY63.36), len: 388 aa. Possible dehydrogenase/reductase, similar to various dehydrogenases/reductases e.g. NP_103779.1|14022957|BAB49565.1|AP002999 flavoprotein reductase from Mesorhizobium loti (377 aa); NP_147681.1 predicted NAD(FAD)-dependent dehydrogenase from Aeropyrum pernix (381 aa); DHSU_CHRVI|Q06530 sulfide dehydrogenase (431 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 347, E(): 6.8e-15, (25.6% identity in 348 aa overlap). This region is a possible MT-complex-specific genomic island (See Becq et al.,2007).

Superoxide dismutase [FE] SodA; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Rv1997, (MTCY39.22c, MTCY39.21c), len: 905 aa. Probable ctpF, metal cation-transporting P-type ATPase F (transmembrane protein), highly similar to others e.g. NP_250120.1|NC_002516 probable cation-transporting P-type ATPase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (902 aa); NP_441217.1|NC_000911 cation-transporting ATPase (E1-E2 ATPase) from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (905 aa); NP_404093.1|NC_003143 putative cation-transporting P-type ATPase from Yersinia pestis (908 aa); P37367|ATA1_SYNY3 cation-transporting ATPase pma1 from Synechocystis sp. (915 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 2392, E(): 0, (46.5 [...]

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Two component transcriptional regulatory protein DevR (probably LuxR/UhpA-family); Member of the two-component regulatory system DevR/DevS (also called DosR/DosS) involved in onset of the dormancy response. Regulates an approximately 48-member regulon. When phosphorylated binds and activates the promoter of DevR regulon genes in response to hypoxia. The presence of target DNA increases stability of phospho-DevR in vitro. Activates its own transcription under hypoxic but not aerobic conditions, probably binds as a dimer to tandem binding sites within the devR and hspX promoters. Accepts [...]

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Ferredoxin FdxA; Ferredoxins are iron-sulfur proteins that transfer electrons in a wide variety of metabolic reactions.

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Heat shock protein HspX (alpha-crystallin homolog) (14 kDa antigen) (HSP16.3); Acts as a chaperone, as it has a significant ability to suppress the thermal denaturation of alcohol dehydrogenase. Cells overexpressing this gene grow more slowly than wild-type cells, and are less susceptible to autolysis following saturation of the culture in vitro, suggesting this protein may slow down the growth rate of M.tuberculosis in culture and by extension during macrophage infection. Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Possible nitrate/nitrite transporter NarK2; Permits nitrate and nitrate transport into E.coli. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Nitrate/nitrite porter (TC 2.A.1.8) family.

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Probable nitrate reductase NarX; Does not seem to have nitrate reductase activity. In the N-terminal section; belongs to the nitrate reductase alpha subunit family. In the C-terminal section; belongs to the nitrate reductase gamma subunit family.

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Triacylglycerol synthase (diacylglycerol acyltransferase) Tgs1; Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. Required for storage lipid synthesis (Probable).

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C protein AhpC (alkyl hydroperoxidase C); Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Together with AhpD, DlaT and Lpd, constitutes an NADH-dependent peroxidase active against hydrogen and alkyl peroxides as well as serving as a peroxynitrite reductase, thus protecting the bacterium against reactive nitrogen intermediates and oxidative stress generated by the host immune system. D [...]

Probable glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gap (GAPDH); Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NAD. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH. The reduced NADH is then exchanged with the second NAD, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG; Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-ph [...]

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C protein AhpC (alkyl hydroperoxidase C); Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Together with AhpD, DlaT and Lpd, constitutes an NADH-dependent peroxidase active against hydrogen and alkyl peroxides as well as serving as a peroxynitrite reductase, thus protecting the bacterium against reactive nitrogen intermediates and oxidative stress generated by the host immune system. D [...]

60 kDa chaperonin 2; Prevents aggregation of substrate proteins and promotes their refolding.

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C protein AhpC (alkyl hydroperoxidase C); Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Together with AhpD, DlaT and Lpd, constitutes an NADH-dependent peroxidase active against hydrogen and alkyl peroxides as well as serving as a peroxynitrite reductase, thus protecting the bacterium against reactive nitrogen intermediates and oxidative stress generated by the host immune system. D [...]

Heat shock protein HspX (alpha-crystallin homolog) (14 kDa antigen) (HSP16.3); Acts as a chaperone, as it has a significant ability to suppress the thermal denaturation of alcohol dehydrogenase. Cells overexpressing this gene grow more slowly than wild-type cells, and are less susceptible to autolysis following saturation of the culture in vitro, suggesting this protein may slow down the growth rate of M.tuberculosis in culture and by extension during macrophage infection. Belongs to the small heat shock protein (HSP20) family.

Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase C protein AhpC (alkyl hydroperoxidase C); Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Together with AhpD, DlaT and Lpd, constitutes an NADH-dependent peroxidase active against hydrogen and alkyl peroxides as well as serving as a peroxynitrite reductase, thus protecting the bacterium against reactive nitrogen intermediates and oxidative stress generated by the host immune system. D [...]

Superoxide dismutase [FE] SodA; Destroys superoxide anion radicals which are normally produced within the cells and which are toxic to biological systems.

Probable cystathionine beta-synthase Cbs (serine sulfhydrase) (beta-thionase) (hemoprotein H-450); Rv1077, (MTV017.30), len: 464 aa. Probable cbs (previously cysM2), cystathionine beta-synthase, similar throughout its length to many eukaryotic cystathionine beta-synthases e.g. P32232|CBS_RAT cystathionine beta-synthase (560 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 951, E(): 0,(40.2% identity in 450 aa overlap); also similar in N-terminal domain (aa 1 - 330) to Rv2334|MTCY98.03 CysK Mycobacterium tuberculosis (310 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 855, E(): 0, (46.8% identity in 314 overlap); and other cysteine s [...]

Probable glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gap (GAPDH); Catalyzes the oxidative phosphorylation of glyceraldehyde 3- phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) using the cofactor NAD. The first reaction step involves the formation of a hemiacetal intermediate between G3P and a cysteine residue, and this hemiacetal intermediate is then oxidized to a thioester, with concomitant reduction of NAD to NADH. The reduced NADH is then exchanged with the second NAD, and the thioester is attacked by a nucleophilic inorganic phosphate to produce BPG; Belongs to the glyceraldehyde-3-ph [...]

Copper-sensitive operon repressor CsoR; Copper-sensitive repressor that has a key role in copper homeostasis. It is part of the cso operon involved in the cellular response to increasing concentrations of copper inside the bacterium, which can be highly toxic. In the presence of copper, CsoR fully dissociates from the promoter in the cso operon, leading to the transcription of its genes. Binds to a GC-rich pseudopallindromic sequence, 5'-GTAGCCCACCCCCAGTGGGGTGGGA-3', in the cso promoter region.

Probable metal cation transporter P-type ATPase CtpV; Necessary for copper homeostasis and likely functions as a copper exporter. Also required for full virulence.

Copper-sensitive operon repressor CsoR; Copper-sensitive repressor that has a key role in copper homeostasis. It is part of the cso operon involved in the cellular response to increasing concentrations of copper inside the bacterium, which can be highly toxic. In the presence of copper, CsoR fully dissociates from the promoter in the cso operon, leading to the transcription of its genes. Binds to a GC-rich pseudopallindromic sequence, 5'-GTAGCCCACCCCCAGTGGGGTGGGA-3', in the cso promoter region.

Two component transcriptional regulatory protein DevR (probably LuxR/UhpA-family); Member of the two-component regulatory system DevR/DevS (also called DosR/DosS) involved in onset of the dormancy response. Regulates an approximately 48-member regulon. When phosphorylated binds and activates the promoter of DevR regulon genes in response to hypoxia. The presence of target DNA increases stability of phospho-DevR in vitro. Activates its own transcription under hypoxic but not aerobic conditions, probably binds as a dimer to tandem binding sites within the devR and hspX promoters. Accepts [...]

Copper-sensitive operon repressor CsoR; Copper-sensitive repressor that has a key role in copper homeostasis. It is part of the cso operon involved in the cellular response to increasing concentrations of copper inside the bacterium, which can be highly toxic. In the presence of copper, CsoR fully dissociates from the promoter in the cso operon, leading to the transcription of its genes. Binds to a GC-rich pseudopallindromic sequence, 5'-GTAGCCCACCCCCAGTGGGGTGGGA-3', in the cso promoter region.

Probable oxidase; Required for copper resistance. In vitro, oxidizes organic substrates and Fe(2+). May act in vivo by oxidation of toxic periplasmic Cu(+); Belongs to the multicopper oxidase family.

Copper-sensitive operon repressor CsoR; Copper-sensitive repressor that has a key role in copper homeostasis. It is part of the cso operon involved in the cellular response to increasing concentrations of copper inside the bacterium, which can be highly toxic. In the presence of copper, CsoR fully dissociates from the promoter in the cso operon, leading to the transcription of its genes. Binds to a GC-rich pseudopallindromic sequence, 5'-GTAGCCCACCCCCAGTGGGGTGGGA-3', in the cso promoter region.

Metallothionein, MymT; Metallothioneins are small proteins that have a high content of cysteine residues wich allow them to bind heavy metal ions through clusters of thiolate bonds. MymT binds up to seven ions of Cu(+), with a preference for four to six Cu(+) ions, in a solvent-shielded core. MymT protects M.tuberculosis from copper toxicity.

Rv1997, (MTCY39.22c, MTCY39.21c), len: 905 aa. Probable ctpF, metal cation-transporting P-type ATPase F (transmembrane protein), highly similar to others e.g. NP_250120.1|NC_002516 probable cation-transporting P-type ATPase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (902 aa); NP_441217.1|NC_000911 cation-transporting ATPase (E1-E2 ATPase) from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (905 aa); NP_404093.1|NC_003143 putative cation-transporting P-type ATPase from Yersinia pestis (908 aa); P37367|ATA1_SYNY3 cation-transporting ATPase pma1 from Synechocystis sp. (915 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 2392, E(): 0, (46.5 [...]

Rv1813c, (MTCY16F9.01), len: 143 aa. Conserved hypothetical protein. Possibly a exported protein with potential N-terminal signal sequence. Similar to Q11050|Rv1269c|MTCY50.13 hypothetical protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (124 aa), (42.7% identity in 143 aa overlap). Predicted to be an outer membrane protein (See Song et al., 2008). Predicted possible vaccine candidate (See Zvi et al., 2008).

Rv1997, (MTCY39.22c, MTCY39.21c), len: 905 aa. Probable ctpF, metal cation-transporting P-type ATPase F (transmembrane protein), highly similar to others e.g. NP_250120.1|NC_002516 probable cation-transporting P-type ATPase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (902 aa); NP_441217.1|NC_000911 cation-transporting ATPase (E1-E2 ATPase) from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (905 aa); NP_404093.1|NC_003143 putative cation-transporting P-type ATPase from Yersinia pestis (908 aa); P37367|ATA1_SYNY3 cation-transporting ATPase pma1 from Synechocystis sp. (915 aa), FASTA scores: opt: 2392, E(): 0, (46.5 [...]

Probable metal cation transporter P-type ATPase CtpV; Necessary for copper homeostasis and likely functions as a copper exporter. Also required for full virulence.