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EGLN1 | Uncharacterized protein. (443 aa) | ||||
PTHLH | Parathyroid hormone-related protein; Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport; Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family. (214 aa) | ||||
MMP9 | Uncharacterized protein. (713 aa) | ||||
IL6 | Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response (By similarity). Belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. (307 aa) | ||||
WISP3 | IGFBP N-terminal domain-containing protein. (210 aa) | ||||
NKX3-2 | Homeobox domain-containing protein. (275 aa) | ||||
GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in glycolysis that catalyzes the first step of the pathway by converting D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P) into 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Also participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are proba [...] (333 aa) | ||||
COL1A1 | Collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen). (1453 aa) | ||||
EPAS1 | Endothelial PAS domain protein 1. (867 aa) | ||||
WNT3A | Protein Wnt-3a; [Isoform 1]: Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family. Regulates chick apical ectodermal ridge formation. Required for normal embryonic mesoderm development and formation of caudal somites. Required for normal morphogenesis of the developing neural tube (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P56704. (376 aa) | ||||
WNT8A | Protein Wnt-8c; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Probable developmental protein. Is likely to signal over only few cell diameters. May be involved in the regulation of axis formation and in the rhombomere specification; Belongs to the Wnt family. (357 aa) | ||||
SMAD2Z | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog. (467 aa) | ||||
AXIN2 | Uncharacterized protein. (837 aa) | ||||
PTGS2 | Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2; Converts arachidonate to prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), a committed step in prostanoid synthesis. Constitutively expressed in some tissues in physiological conditions, such as the endothelium, kidney and brain, and in pathological conditions, such as in cancer. PTGS2 is responsible for production of inflammatory prostaglandins. Up-regulation of PTGS2 is also associated with increased cell adhesion, phenotypic changes, resistance to apoptosis and tumor angiogenesis. In cancer cells, PTGS2 is a key step in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which plays imp [...] (652 aa) | ||||
COL3A1 | Collagen alpha-1(III) chain; Collagen type III occurs in most soft connective tissues along with type I collagen. (1460 aa) | ||||
IL1B | Interleukin-1; Belongs to the IL-1 family. (267 aa) | ||||
CHRD | Uncharacterized protein. (1208 aa) | ||||
GLI1 | Zinc finger protein GLI1; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-GACCACCCA-3' (By similarity). May regulate the transcription of specific genes during normal development. May play a role in craniofacial development and digital development, as well as development of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Mediates SHH signaling. Plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation via its role in SHH signaling. Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (1281 aa) | ||||
SMO | Smoothened homolog; G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). (816 aa) | ||||
WNT5A | Protein Wnt; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors; Belongs to the Wnt family. (385 aa) | ||||
RELA | Transcription factor p65; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites tha [...] (559 aa) | ||||
CD320 | Uncharacterized protein. (159 aa) | ||||
PTH | Parathyroid hormone; PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion; Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family. (119 aa) | ||||
FGF23 | Fibroblast growth factor; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (254 aa) | ||||
SOX9 | Transcription factor SOX-9; Transcription factor that selectively activates enhancer through its interaction with a DNA-binding partner factor. Activates enhancer of COL2A1 through its binding with DNA sequence 5'-ATTCAT-3'. In response to bone morphogenetic protein stimulus, phosphorylation is induced and then sumoylation, allowing cooperation with SNAI2 to trigger neural crest delamination. Functions at the level of mesenchymal cell condensation by inducing cartilage development in limbs and by changing the aggregation properties of limb mesenchymal cells. Regulates the cell fate dec [...] (494 aa) | ||||
TGFB3 | Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi appa [...] (535 aa) | ||||
FGF2 | Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (158 aa) | ||||
MMP13 | ZnMc domain-containing protein. (530 aa) | ||||
LECT1 | Leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 1; Bifunctional growth regulator. May contribute to the rapid growth of cartilage and vascular invasion prior to the replacement of cartilage by bone during endochondral bone development. Plays a role as antiangiogenic factor in cardiac valves to suppress neovascularization (By similarity); Belongs to the chondromodulin-1 family. (347 aa) | ||||
ADAMTS5 | ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 5. (877 aa) | ||||
COL10A1 | Collagen alpha-1(X) chain; Type X collagen is a product of hypertrophic chondrocytes and has been localized to presumptive mineralization zones of hyaline cartilage. (674 aa) | ||||
BMP6 | Bone morphogenetic protein 6. (434 aa) | ||||
PTCH1 | Protein patched homolog 1; Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal; Belongs to the patched family. (1443 aa) | ||||
BMP4 | Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Negatively regulates the structure and function of the limb apical ectodermal ridge. (404 aa) | ||||
HIF1A | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Binds to core DNA sequence 5'-[AG]CGTG-3' within the hypoxia response element (HRE) of target gene promoters. Activation requires recruitment of transcriptional coactivators (By similarity). (811 aa) | ||||
GLI2 | Zinc finger protein GLI2; Functions as transcription regulator in the hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Functions as transcriptional activator. May also function as transcriptional repressor. Binds to the DNA sequence 5'-GAACCACCCA-3' (By similarity). Is involved in the smoothened (SHH) signaling pathway. Required for normal skeleton development (By similarity). (1528 aa) | ||||
IHH | Indian hedgehog protein C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. Implicated in endochondral ossification: may regulate the balance between growth and ossification of the developing bones. Induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP); Belongs to the hedgehog family. (408 aa) | ||||
SPP1 | Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction; Belongs to the osteopontin family. (264 aa) | ||||
EGLN3 | Egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 3. (241 aa) | ||||
BMP7 | Bone morphogenetic protein 7. (465 aa) | ||||
ACAN | Aggrecan core protein; This proteoglycan is a major component of extracellular matrix of cartilagenous tissues. A major function of this protein is to resist compression in cartilage. It binds avidly to hyaluronic acid via an N-terminal globular region. May play a regulatory role in the matrix assembly of the cartilage. (2089 aa) | ||||
INS | Insulin A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (107 aa) | ||||
COMP | Uncharacterized protein. (777 aa) | ||||
NOG | Noggin; Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling. Controls somitogenesis by sequestering the BMP-4 activity which in turn differentiates distinct subtypes of the mesoderm along the mediolateral axis. (387 aa) | ||||
FRZB | Secreted frizzled-related protein 3; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types. SFRP3/FRZB appears to be involved in limb skeletogenesis. Antagonist of Wnt8 signaling. Regulates chondrocyte maturation and long bone development. (315 aa) | ||||
NOTCH1 | Uncharacterized protein. (2561 aa) | ||||
FGFR3 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Plays an essential role in the regulation of chondrocyte differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, and is required for normal skeleton development. Regulates both osteogenesis and postnatal bone mineralization by osteoblasts. Promotes apoptosis in chondrocytes, but can also promote cancer cell proliferation. Phosphorylates PLCG1, CBL and FRS2. Ligand binding l [...] (806 aa) | ||||
BMPR1A | Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/Thr protein kinase family. TGFB receptor subfamily. (533 aa) |