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srrA srrA hlb hlb agrB agrB rsbW rsbW rsbV rsbV luxS luxS sasG sasG fnbA fnbA srtA srtA clfB clfB icaR icaR icaC icaC hly hly lytS lytS lytM lytM sarA sarA saeS saeS saeR saeR clfA clfA emp emp ABD29945.1 ABD29945.1 atl atl arlS arlS arlR arlR
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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srrADNA-binding response regulator, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system SrrA/SrrB, which is involved in the global regulation of staphylococcal virulence factors in response to environmental oxygen levels as well as biofilm formation. Plays also an essential role in host-derived nitric oxide resistance by regulating hmp/flavohemoglobin, an enzyme that detoxifies nitric oxide by converting it to nitrate (By similarity). Functions as a transcription regulator by direct binding to promoter regions of target genes (By similarity). (241 aa)
hlbTruncated beta-hemolysin; Bacterial hemolysins are exotoxins that attack blood cell membranes and cause cell rupture. Beta-hemolysin is a phospholipase C with specific activity toward sphingomyelins. Has a high specificity for sphingomyelin, hydrolyzes lysophosphatidylcholine at a much lower rate, but has no activity towards phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylserine; Belongs to the neutral sphingomyelinase family. (274 aa)
agrBAccessory gene regulator protein B; Essential for the production of a quorum sensing system signal molecule, the autoinducing peptide (AIP). This quorum sensing system is responsible for the regulation of the expression of virulence factor genes. Involved in the proteolytic processing of AgrD, the precursor of AIP; Belongs to the AgrB family. (189 aa)
rsbWAnti-sigma B factor, putative; Negative regulator of sigma-B activity. Phosphorylates and inactivates its specific antagonist protein, RsbV. Upon phosphorylation of RsbV, RsbW is released and binds to sigma-B, thereby blocking its ability to form an RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E-sigma-B) (By similarity). (169 aa)
rsbVSTAS domain, putative; Positive regulator of sigma-B activity. Non-phosphorylated RsbV binds to RsbW, preventing its association with sigma-B. When phosphorylated, releases RsbW, which is then free to complex with and inactivate sigma-B (By similarity); Belongs to the anti-sigma-factor antagonist family. (108 aa)
luxSAutoinducer-2 production protein LuxS, putative; Involved in the synthesis of autoinducer 2 (AI-2) which is secreted by bacteria and is used to communicate both the cell density and the metabolic potential of the environment. The regulation of gene expression in response to changes in cell density is called quorum sensing. Catalyzes the transformation of S-ribosylhomocysteine (RHC) to homocysteine (HC) and 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentadione (DPD). Belongs to the LuxS family. (156 aa)
sasGConserved hypothetical protein; Promotes adhesion of bacterial cells to human squamous nasal epithelial cells, a phenomenon which is likely to be important in nasal colonization. Forms short, extremely dense and thin fibrils all over the bacterial surface. Does not bind to either buccal cells or non- differentiated keratinocytes. Promotes cellular aggregation leading to biofilm formation. (1627 aa)
fnbAFibronectin-binding protein precursor, putative; Possesses multiple, substituting fibronectin (Fn) binding regions, each capable of conferring adherence to both soluble and immobilized forms of Fn. This confers to S.aureus the ability to invade endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro, without requiring additional factors, although in a slow and inefficient way through actin rearrangements in host cells. This invasion process is mediated by integrin alpha-5/beta-1. Promotes bacterial attachment to both soluble and immobilized forms of fibrinogen (Fg) by means of a unique binding sit [...] (990 aa)
srtASortase, putative; Transpeptidase that anchors surface proteins to the cell wall. Recognizes and modifies its substrate by proteolytic cleavage of a C-terminal sorting signal. Following cleavage, a covalent intermediate is formed via a thioester bond between the sortase and its substrate, which is then transferred and covalently attached to the cell wall. This sortase recognizes a Leu-Pro-x-Thr-Gly (LPXTG) motif, which is cleaved by the sortase between the threonine and glycine residues. Utilizes lipid II as the peptidoglycan substrate for the sorting reaction. Responsible for the disp [...] (206 aa)
clfBClumping factor B, putative; Cell surface-associated protein implicated in virulence by promoting bacterial attachment to both alpha- and beta-chains of human fibrinogen and inducing the formation of bacterial clumps. Partly responsible for mediating bacterial attachment to the highly keratinized squamous epithelial cells from the nasal cavity via an interaction with cytokeratin K10 (K10). Also promotes bacterial attachment to cultured keratinocytes, possibly through an interaction with cytokeratin K10. Binds mouse cytokeratin K10. Activates human platelet aggregation; Belongs to the s [...] (877 aa)
icaRIca operon transcriptional regulator IcaR, putative; Represses transcription of the icaADBC operon necessary for biofilm production. (186 aa)
icaCIntercellular adhesion protein C, putative; Presumably involved in the export of the biofilm adhesin polysaccharide poly-beta-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PNAG, also referred to as PIA) across the cell membrane. (350 aa)
hlyAlpha-hemolysin precursor; Alpha-toxin binds to the membrane of eukaryotic cells resulting in the release of low-molecular weight molecules and leading to an eventual osmotic lysis. Inhibits host neutrophil chemotaxis to the lesion region (Probable). Heptamer oligomerization and pore formation is required for lytic activity (By similarity). Belongs to the aerolysin family. (319 aa)
lytSTwo-component sensor histidine kinase, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system LytR/LytS that regulates genes involved in autolysis, programmed cell death, biofilm formation and cell wall metabolism. Participates also in sensing and responding to host defense cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to the conserved aspartic acid residue in the regulatory domain of LytR. In turn, LytR binds to the upstream promoter regions of target genes including l [...] (579 aa)
lytMPeptidoglycan hydrolase, putative; Peptidoglycan hydrolase (autolysin) specifically acting on polyglycine interpeptide bridges of the cell wall peptidoglycan. Belongs to the peptidase M23B family. (316 aa)
sarAStaphylococcal accessory regulator T, putative; Global regulator with both positive and negative effects that controls expression of several virulence factors and biofilm formation process in a cell density-dependent manner. In a strain-dependent manner plays a role in multidrug resistance mechanism. Is required for transcription of primary transcripts RNAII and RNAIII generated by agr (virulence accessory gene regulator) locus. Acts as a transcriptional activator of the genes encoding, among others, for fibronectin binding proteins (fnbA and fnbB), hemolysins (hla, hld, hlgB and hlgC) [...] (124 aa)
saeSSensor histidine kinase SaeS, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system SaeR/SaeS involved in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence factors in a strain-dependent fashion. Probably functions as a membrane-associated protein kinase that upon sensing the appropriate signal, autophosphorylates and in turn activates the cytosolic response regulator SaeR. SaeR/SaeS activates the expression of exoproteins involved in adhesion and invasion of host cells, including hemolysins (hla, hlb), coa, Dnase, spa and cell wall-associated proteins (emp, eap, fnbA). Acts probably downstr [...] (351 aa)
saeRResponse regulator, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system SaeR/SaeS involved in the regulation of staphylococcal virulence factors in a strain-dependent fashion. Probably functions as a transcriptional regulator via a specific DNA-binding domain, recognizing motifs near the promoter sequences of target genes. SaeR/SaeS activates the expression of exoproteins involved in adhesion and invasion of host cells, including hemolysins (Hla, Hlb), Coa, DNase, Spa and cell wall- associated proteins (Emp, Eap, FnbA). Acts probably downstream of the Agr system in the regulatory c [...] (228 aa)
clfAClumping factor; Cell surface-associated protein implicated in virulence. Promotes bacterial attachment exclusively to the gamma-chain of human fibrinogen. Induces formation of bacterial clumps, which diminish the ability of group IIA phospholipase A2 to cause bacterial phospholipid hydrolysis and killing. Significantly decreases macrophage phagocytosis possibly thanks to the clumps, clumped bacteria being too large to be phagocytosed. Dominant factor responsible for human platelet aggregation, which may be an important mechanism for initiating infective endocarditis. Enhances spleen c [...] (927 aa)
empExtracellular matrix and plasma binding protein, putative; Adhesin that binds to the host cell extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagen, and vitronectin. (340 aa)
ABD29945.1Thermonuclease precursor. (228 aa)
atlBifunctional autolysin precursor, putative; Endohydrolysis of the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl unit in high- mannose glycopeptides and glycoproteins containing the -[(Man)5(GlcNAc)2]-Asn structure. One N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residue remains attached to the protein; the rest of the oligosaccharide is released intact. Cleaves the peptidoglycan connecting the daughter cells at the end of the cell division cycle, resulting in the separation of the two newly divided cells. Acts as an autolysin in penicillin-induced lysis (By similarity); In the C-terminal section; belongs to the glycosyl hydrolas [...] (1256 aa)
arlSConserved hypothetical protein; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArlS/ArlR involved in the regulation of adhesion, autolysis, multidrug resistance and virulence. ArlS probably functions as a sensor protein kinase which is autophosphorylated at a histidine residue and transfers its phosphate group to ArlR. ArlS/ArlR affects expression of the multidrug resistance transporter norA and interacts with both Agr (virulence accessory gene regulator) (negatively) and SarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator) (positively) to modulate several virulence factor genes, including ssp (se [...] (451 aa)
arlRDNA-binding response regulator, putative; Member of the two-component regulatory system ArlS/ArlR involved in the regulation of adhesion, autolysis, multidrug resistance and virulence. ArlS/ArlR affects expression of the multidrug resistance transporter NorA and interacts with both Agr (virulence accessory gene regulator) (negatively) and SarA (staphylococcal accessory regulator) (positively) to modulate several virulence factor genes, including ssp (serine protease), spa (surface protein A) and hla (alpha-hemolysin). Could inhibit biofilm development by a mechanism independent of the [...] (219 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Staphylococcus aureus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 93061
Other names: S. aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain NCTC 8325
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