STRINGSTRING
msrA1 msrA1 msrA2 msrA2 hysA hysA fosB fosB sbi sbi hlgC hlgC hlgB hlgB fnbA fnbA clfB clfB essB essB gyrA gyrA esxA esxA esaA esaA essC essC esxB esxB lip2 lip2 selX selX sdrC sdrC sdrD sdrD clfA clfA mecA mecA sspC sspC sspB sspB sspA sspA isdB isdB isdA isdA isdC isdC isdE isdE isdF isdF srtB srtB isdG isdG hly hly
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
msrA1Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase; Has an important function as a repair enzyme for proteins that have been inactivated by oxidation. Catalyzes the reversible oxidation-reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine (By similarity). (169 aa)
msrA2Peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase; Has an important function as a repair enzyme for proteins that have been inactivated by oxidation. Catalyzes the reversible oxidation-reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine (By similarity). (177 aa)
hysAHyaluronate lyase; Belongs to the polysaccharide lyase 8 family. (807 aa)
fosBFosfomycin resistance protein, putative; Metallothiol transferase which confers resistance to fosfomycin by catalyzing the addition of a thiol cofactor to fosfomycin. L-cysteine is probably the physiological thiol donor. Belongs to the fosfomycin resistance protein family. FosB subfamily. (139 aa)
sbiImmunoglobulin G-binding protein Sbi, putative; Plays a role in the inhibition of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. Possesses two N-terminal domains that bind the Fc region of IgG and two domains that form a tripartite complex with complement factors C3b and CFH. By recruiting CFH and C3b, the secreted form acts as a potent complement inhibitor of the alternative pathway-mediated lysis; Belongs to the immunoglobulin-binding protein Sbi family. (436 aa)
hlgCLeukocidin s subunit precursor, putative; Toxin that seems to act by forming pores in the membrane of the cell. Has a hemolytic and a leucotoxic activity (By similarity). Belongs to the aerolysin family. (315 aa)
hlgBLeukocidin f subunit precursor; Toxin that seems to act by forming pores in the membrane of the cell. Has a hemolytic and a leucotoxic activity (By similarity). Belongs to the aerolysin family. (325 aa)
fnbAFibronectin-binding protein precursor, putative; Possesses multiple, substituting fibronectin (Fn) binding regions, each capable of conferring adherence to both soluble and immobilized forms of Fn. This confers to S.aureus the ability to invade endothelial cells both in vivo and in vitro, without requiring additional factors, although in a slow and inefficient way through actin rearrangements in host cells. This invasion process is mediated by integrin alpha-5/beta-1. Promotes bacterial attachment to both soluble and immobilized forms of fibrinogen (Fg) by means of a unique binding sit [...] (990 aa)
clfBClumping factor B, putative; Cell surface-associated protein implicated in virulence by promoting bacterial attachment to both alpha- and beta-chains of human fibrinogen and inducing the formation of bacterial clumps. Partly responsible for mediating bacterial attachment to the highly keratinized squamous epithelial cells from the nasal cavity via an interaction with cytokeratin K10 (K10). Also promotes bacterial attachment to cultured keratinocytes, possibly through an interaction with cytokeratin K10. Binds mouse cytokeratin K10. Activates human platelet aggregation; Belongs to the s [...] (877 aa)
essBConserved hypothetical protein; Component of the type VII secretion system (Ess) (Probable). Required for the secretion of EsxA and EsxB (By similarity). (444 aa)
gyrADNA gyrase, A subunit; A type II topoisomerase that negatively supercoils closed circular double-stranded (ds) DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to modulate DNA topology and maintain chromosomes in an underwound state. Negative supercoiling favors strand separation, and DNA replication, transcription, recombination and repair, all of which involve strand separation. Also able to catalyze the interconversion of other topological isomers of dsDNA rings, including catenanes and knotted rings. Type II topoisomerases break and join 2 DNA strands simultaneously in an ATP-dependent manner. (887 aa)
esxAConserved hypothetical protein; Virulence factor that is important for the establishment of infection in the host. EsxA is required for EsxB synthesis as well as secretion (By similarity). Modulates host cell apoptotic pathways and mediates together with EsxB the release of S.aureus from the host cell. By acting on apoptosis, plays a role in the modulation of dendritic cell-mediated immunity (By similarity). (97 aa)
esaAConserved hypothetical protein; Component of the type VII secretion system (Ess). Provides together with EssB and other components such as EssC and EssE a secretion platform across the cytoplasmic membrane in the host. (1009 aa)
essCConserved hypothetical protein; Component of the type VII secretion system (Ess). Required for the secretion of substrates including EsxA and EsxB. However, unable to support secretion of the substrate protein EsxC. Belongs to the EssC family. (1479 aa)
esxBConserved hypothetical protein; Virulence factor that is important for the establishment of infection in the host. EsxB is required for EsxA synthesis as well as secretion (By similarity). Mediates together with EsxA the release of S.aureus from the host cell. Inhibits also host cytokine production and thus modulates dendritic cell-mediated immunity (By similarity). (104 aa)
lip2Lipase precursor. (690 aa)
selXConserved hypothetical protein; Plays a role in the inhibition of the host innate immune system. Inhibits phagocytosis and killing by human neutrophils by interacting with multiple neutrophil surface glycoproteins in a sialic acid-dependent manner; Belongs to the staphylococcal/streptococcal toxin family. (203 aa)
sdrCsdrC protein, putative; Cell surface-associated calcium-binding protein which plays an important role in adhesion and pathogenesis. Mediates interactions with components of the extracellular matrix such as host NRXN1 to promote bacterial adhesion. (995 aa)
sdrDsdrD protein, putative; Cell surface-associated calcium-binding protein which plays an important role in adhesion and pathogenesis. Mediates interactions with components of the extracellular matrix such as host DSG1 to promote bacterial adhesion to host cells. Contributes to the resistance to killing by innate immune components such as neutrophils present in blood and thus attenuates bacterial clearance. (1349 aa)
clfAClumping factor; Cell surface-associated protein implicated in virulence. Promotes bacterial attachment exclusively to the gamma-chain of human fibrinogen. Induces formation of bacterial clumps, which diminish the ability of group IIA phospholipase A2 to cause bacterial phospholipid hydrolysis and killing. Significantly decreases macrophage phagocytosis possibly thanks to the clumps, clumped bacteria being too large to be phagocytosed. Dominant factor responsible for human platelet aggregation, which may be an important mechanism for initiating infective endocarditis. Enhances spleen c [...] (927 aa)
mecAConserved hypothetical protein; Enables the recognition and targeting of unfolded and aggregated proteins to the ClpC protease or to other proteins involved in proteolysis. (239 aa)
sspCCysteine protease, putative; Specifically inhibits the cysteine protease staphopain B (SspB) by blocking the active site of the enzyme. Probably required to protect cytoplasmic proteins from being degraded by prematurely activated/folded prostaphopain B. Also involved in growth capacity, viability and bacterial morphology; Belongs to the protease inhibitor I57 (SspC) family. (109 aa)
sspBCysteine protease precursor, putative; Cysteine protease that plays an important role in the inhibition of host innate immune response. Degrades host elastin, fibrogen, fibronectin and kininogen. Blocks phagocytosis of opsonised S. aureus by neutrophils and monocytes by inducing their death in a proteolytic activity-dependent manner. Decreases surface expression of the 'don't eat me' signal CD31 on neutrophils. Cleaves host galectin- 3/LGALS3, thereby inhibiting the neutrophil-activating ability of the lectin. (393 aa)
sspAGlutamyl endopeptidase precursor, putative; Preferentially cleaves peptide bonds on the carboxyl-terminal side of aspartate and glutamate. Along with other extracellular proteases it is involved in colonization and infection of human tissues. Required for proteolytic maturation of thiol protease SspB and inactivation of SspC, an inhibitor of SspB. It is the most important protease for degradation of fibronectin-binding protein (FnBP) and surface protein A, which are involved in adherence to host cells. May also protect bacteria against host defense mechanism by cleaving the immunoglobu [...] (336 aa)
isdBNeurofilament protein; Cell wall-anchored surface receptor that extracts heme from oxidized metHb to enable growth on hemoglobin as a sole iron source. Rapidly extracts heme from hemoglobin and transfers it to IsdA or IsdC, which then relays it to the membrane transporter/IsdEF for internalization. Promotes also resistance to hydrogen peroxide and killing by neutrophils; Belongs to the IsdB family. (645 aa)
isdAConserved hypothetical protein; Cell wall-anchored surface receptor that participates in the extraction of heme from oxidized methemoglobin/metHb to enable growth on hemoglobin as a sole iron source (By similarity). Receives heme from IsdB and transfers it to IsdC (By similarity). Plays also a role in the inhibition of host immune response. Protects S.aureus against the bactericidal protease activity of apolactoferrin. Enhances bacterial cellular hydrophobicity, which renders S.aureus resistant to bactericidal human skin fatty acids as well as to beta-defensins and cathelicidin. Also b [...] (350 aa)
isdCConserved hypothetical protein; Involved in heme (porphyrin) scavenging. Binds hemoglobin and almost exclusively free-base protoporphyrin IX. Probably has a role as the central conduit of the isd heme uptake system, i.e. mediates the transfer of the iron-containing nutrient from IsdABH to the membrane translocation system IsdDEF. Hemin-free IsdC (apo-IsdC) acquires hemin from hemin-containing IsdA (holo-IsdA) probably through the activated holo-IsdA-apo-IsdC complex and due to the higher affinity of apo-IsdC for the cofactor. The reaction is reversible (By similarity). (227 aa)
isdEConserved hypothetical protein; Involved in heme (porphyrin) scavenging. Binds Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) heme but the largest fraction is Fe(2+) heme. Functions as a high-affinity heme binding protein and probably has a role in relaying heme-iron from cell wall-anchored isd proteins receptors to the probable permease IsdF; Belongs to the bacterial solute-binding protein 8 family. (282 aa)
isdFIron compound ABC transporter, permease protein, putative; Part of the binding-protein-dependent transport system for heme-iron. Responsible for the translocation of the substrate across the membrane (Probable). (258 aa)
srtBConserved hypothetical protein; Transpeptidase that anchors surface proteins to the cell wall (Probable). Recognizes and modifies its substrate by proteolytic cleavage of a C- terminal sorting signal. Following cleavage, a covalent intermediate is formed via a thioester bond between the sortase and its substrate, which is then transferred and covalently attached to the cell wall (Probable). This sortase recognizes an Asn-Pro-Gln- Thr-Asn (NPQTN) motif in IsdC, which is cleaved by the sortase between the threonine and aspargine residues; may only have 1 substrate in this bacterium (Pro [...] (244 aa)
isdGConserved hypothetical protein; Allows bacterial pathogens to use the host heme as an iron source. Catalyzes the oxidative degradation of the heme macrocyclic porphyrin ring to the oxo-bilirubin chromophore staphylobilin (a mixture of the linear tetrapyrroles 5-oxo-delta-bilirubin and 15-oxo- beta-bilirubin) in the presence of a suitable electron donor such as ascorbate or NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase, with subsequent release of free iron; Belongs to the antibiotic biosynthesis monooxygenase family. Heme-degrading monooxygenase IsdG subfamily. (107 aa)
hlyAlpha-hemolysin precursor; Alpha-toxin binds to the membrane of eukaryotic cells resulting in the release of low-molecular weight molecules and leading to an eventual osmotic lysis. Inhibits host neutrophil chemotaxis to the lesion region (Probable). Heptamer oligomerization and pore formation is required for lytic activity (By similarity). Belongs to the aerolysin family. (319 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Staphylococcus aureus
NCBI taxonomy Id: 93061
Other names: S. aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus str. NCTC 8325, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus strain NCTC 8325
Server load: low (20%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.