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OSTM1 | Osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1; Required for osteoclast and melanocyte maturation and function; Belongs to the OSTM1 family. (334 aa) | ||||
ACP5 | Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5; Involved in osteopontin/bone sialoprotein dephosphorylation. Its expression seems to increase in certain pathological states such as Gaucher and Hodgkin diseases, the hairy cell, the B-cell, and the T- cell leukemias; Belongs to the metallophosphoesterase superfamily. Purple acid phosphatase family. (325 aa) | ||||
IBSP | Bone sialoprotein 2; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. Promotes Arg-Gly-Asp-dependent cell attachment. (317 aa) | ||||
SPARC | SPARC; Appears to regulate cell growth through interactions with the extracellular matrix and cytokines. Binds calcium and copper, several types of collagen, albumin, thrombospondin, PDGF and cell membranes. There are two calcium binding sites; an acidic domain that binds 5 to 8 Ca(2+) with a low affinity and an EF-hand loop that binds a Ca(2+) ion with a high affinity. (303 aa) | ||||
MMP20 | Matrix metalloproteinase-20; Degrades amelogenin, the major protein component of the enamel matrix and two of the macromolecules characterizing the cartilage extracellular matrix: aggrecan and the cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). May play a central role in tooth enamel formation. Cleaves aggrecan at the '360-Asn-|-Phe-361' site. (483 aa) | ||||
ACP4 | Testicular acid phosphatase; May dephosphorylate receptor tyrosine-protein kinase ERBB4 and inhibits its ligand-induced proteolytic cleavage. May play a role in odontogenesis. (426 aa) | ||||
CTSK | Cathepsin K; Thiol protease involved in osteoclastic bone resorption and may participate partially in the disorder of bone remodeling. Displays potent endoprotease activity against fibrinogen at acid pH. May play an important role in extracellular matrix degradation. Involved in the release of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) by limited proteolysis of TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen. (329 aa) | ||||
OCSTAMP | Osteoclast stimulatory transmembrane protein; Probable cell surface receptor that plays a role in cellular fusion and cell differentiation. Cooperates with DCSTAMP in modulating cell-cell fusion in both osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). Involved in osteoclast bone resorption. Promotes osteoclast differentiation and may play a role in the multinucleated osteoclast maturation (By similarity). (566 aa) | ||||
PRSS23 | Serine protease 23; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (383 aa) | ||||
TNFRSF11B | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B; Acts as decoy receptor for TNFSF11/RANKL and thereby neutralizes its function in osteoclastogenesis. Inhibits the activation of osteoclasts and promotes osteoclast apoptosis in vitro. Bone homeostasis seems to depend on the local ratio between TNFSF11 and TNFRSF11B. May also play a role in preventing arterial calcification. May act as decoy receptor for TNFSF10/TRAIL and protect against apoptosis. TNFSF10/TRAIL binding blocks the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. (401 aa) | ||||
DCSTAMP | Dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein; Probable cell surface receptor that plays several roles in cellular fusion, cell differentiation, bone and immune homeostasis. Plays a role in TNFSF11-mediated osteoclastogenesis. Cooperates with OCSTAMP in modulating cell-cell fusion in both osteoclasts and foreign body giant cells (FBGCs). Participates in osteoclast bone resorption. Involved in inducing the expression of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in osteoclast precursors. Plays a role in haematopoietic stem cell differentiation of bone marrow cells toward the myeloid lineage. I [...] (470 aa) | ||||
AMBN | Ameloblastin; Involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel; Belongs to the ameloblastin family. (447 aa) | ||||
FAM20C | Extracellular serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C; Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates secretory pathway proteins within Ser-x-Glu/pSer motifs and plays a key role in biomineralization of bones and teeth. Constitutes the main protein kinase for extracellular proteins, generating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteome. Mainly phosphorylates proteins within the Ser-x-Glu/pSer motif, but also displays a broader substrate specificity. Phosphorylates casein as well as a number of proteins involved in biomineralization such as AMELX, AMTN, ENAM and SPP1. I [...] (584 aa) | ||||
TMEM108 | Transmembrane protein 108; Transmembrane protein required for proper cognitive functions. Involved in the development of dentate gyrus (DG) neuron circuitry, is necessary for AMPA receptors surface expression and proper excitatory postsynaptic currents of DG granule neurons. Regulates the organization and stability of the microtubule network of sensory neurons to allow axonal transport. Through the interaction with DST, mediates the docking of the dynein/dynactin motor complex to vesicle cargos for retrograde axonal transport. In hippocampal neurons, required for BDNF-dependent dendrit [...] (575 aa) | ||||
KLK4 | Kallikrein-4; Has a major role in enamel formation. Required during the maturation stage of tooth development for clearance of enamel proteins and normal structural patterning of the crystalline matrix (By similarity). (254 aa) | ||||
MMP25 | Matrix metalloproteinase-25; May activate progelatinase A. (562 aa) | ||||
DMP1 | Dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1; May have a dual function during osteoblast differentiation. In the nucleus of undifferentiated osteoblasts, unphosphorylated form acts as a transcriptional component for activation of osteoblast- specific genes like osteocalcin. During the osteoblast to osteocyte transition phase it is phosphorylated and exported into the extracellular matrix, where it regulates nucleation of hydroxyapatite. (513 aa) | ||||
AMTN | Amelotin; Is a promoter of calcium phosphate mineralization, playing a critical role in the formation of the compact, mineralized, aprismatic enamel surface layer during the maturation stage of amelogenesis. (209 aa) | ||||
BGLAP | Osteocalcin; Constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein. It binds strongly to apatite and calcium. (100 aa) | ||||
TUFT1 | Tuftelin; Involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel; Belongs to the tuftelin family. (390 aa) | ||||
RASGEF1A | Ras-GEF domain-containing family member 1A; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) with specificity for RAP2A, KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS (in vitro). Plays a role in cell migration. (489 aa) | ||||
CNNM4 | Metal transporter CNNM4; Probable metal transporter. The interaction with the metal ion chaperone COX11 suggests that it may play a role in sensory neuron functions (By similarity). May play a role in biomineralization and retinal function. (775 aa) | ||||
AMELX | Amelogenin, X isoform; Plays a role in biomineralization. Seems to regulate the formation of crystallites during the secretory stage of tooth enamel development. Thought to play a major role in the structural organization and mineralization of developing enamel; Belongs to the amelogenin family. (205 aa) | ||||
CLCN7 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 7; Slowly voltage-gated channel mediating the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the lysosome lumen. Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 7/CLCN7 subfamily. (805 aa) | ||||
FAM83H | Protein FAM83H; May play a major role in the structural organization and calcification of developing enamel. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly by recruiting CSNK1A1 to keratin filaments. Thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration. (1179 aa) | ||||
MEPE | Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein; Promotes renal phosphate excretion and inhibits intestinal phosphate absorption. Promotes bone mineralization by osteoblasts and cartilage mineralization by chondrocytes. Regulates the mineralization of the extracellular matrix of the craniofacial complex, such as teeth, bone and cartilage (By similarity). Promotes dental pulp stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Belongs to the PF07175/osteoregulin family. (556 aa) | ||||
ENAM | Enamelin; Involved in the mineralization and structural organization of enamel. Involved in the extension of enamel during the secretory stage of dental enamel formation. (1142 aa) | ||||
ODAM | Odontogenic ameloblast-associated protein; Tooth-associated epithelia protein that probably plays a role in odontogenesis, the complex process that results in the initiation and generation of the tooth. May be incorporated in the enamel matrix at the end of mineralization process. Involved in the induction of RHOA activity via interaction with ARHGEF and expression of downstream factors such as ROCK. Plays a role in attachment of the junctional epithelium to the tooth surface; Belongs to the ODAM family. (279 aa) | ||||
WDR72 | WD repeat-containing protein 72; Plays a major role in formation of tooth enamel. Specifically required during the maturation phase of amelogenesis for normal formation of the enamel matrix and clearance of enamel proteins. May be involved in localization of the calcium transporter SLC24A4 to the ameloblast cell membrane. (1102 aa) | ||||
TNFSF11 | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 11, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF11B/OPG and to TNFRSF11A/RANK. Osteoclast differentiation and activation factor. Augments the ability of dendritic cells to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation. May be an important regulator of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells and may play a role in the regulation of the T-cell-dependent immune response. May also play an important role in enhanced bone-resorption in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. Induces osteoclastogenesis by activating multiple signaling pathways in o [...] (317 aa) | ||||
NUCB1 | Nucleobindin-1; Major calcium-binding protein of the Golgi which may have a role in calcium homeostasis (By similarity). Acts as a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor which binds to and activates alpha subunits of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) (By similarity). (461 aa) | ||||
DLX3 | Homeobox protein DLX-3; Likely to play a regulatory role in the development of the ventral forebrain. May play a role in craniofacial patterning and morphogenesis; Belongs to the distal-less homeobox family. (287 aa) | ||||
SNX10 | Sorting nexin-10; Probable phosphoinositide-binding protein involved in protein sorting and membrane trafficking in endosomes. Plays a role in cilium biogenesis through regulation of the transport and the localization of proteins to the cilium. Required for the localization to the cilium of V-ATPase subunit ATP6V1D and ATP6V0D1, and RAB8A. Involved in osteoclast differentiation and therefore bone resorption. (201 aa) | ||||
MXRA8 | Matrix remodeling-associated protein 8; Transmembrane protein which can modulate activity of various signaling pathways, probably via binding to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Mediates heterophilic cell-cell interactions in vitro (By similarity). Inhibits osteoclastogenesis downstream of TNFSF11/RANKL and CSF1, where it may function by attenuating signaling via integrin ITGB3 and MAP kinase p38 (By similarity). Plays a role in cartilage formation where it promotes proliferation and maturation of growth plate chondrocytes (By similarity). Stimulates formation of primary cilia in chondrocytes (By [...] (450 aa) | ||||
ODAPH | Odontogenesis associated phosphoprotein; May promote nucleation of hydroxyapatite. (176 aa) | ||||
CALU | Calumenin; Involved in regulation of vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of multiple N-terminal glutamate residues. Seems to inhibit gamma- carboxylase GGCX. Binds 7 calcium ions with a low affinity (By similarity); Belongs to the CREC family. (323 aa) | ||||
SP7 | Transcription factor Sp7; Transcriptional activator essential for osteoblast differentiation. Binds to SP1 and EKLF consensus sequences and to other G/C-rich sequences (By similarity). (431 aa) | ||||
CEMP1 | Cementoblastoma-derived protein 1; May play a role in development of the periodontium which surrounds and supports the teeth by promoting the differentiation of multi-potent cells from the periodontal ligament into cementoblasts to form the cementum. Binds hydroxyapatite and may promote the biomineralization of the cementum. Also promotes cell proliferation. (247 aa) | ||||
TNFRSF11A | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11A; Receptor for TNFSF11/RANKL/TRANCE/OPGL; essential for RANKL- mediated osteoclastogenesis. Involved in the regulation of interactions between T-cells and dendritic cells. (616 aa) | ||||
FAM20A | Pseudokinase FAM20A; Pseudokinase that acts as an allosteric activator of the Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C and is involved in biomineralization of teeth. Forms a complex with FAM20C and increases the ability of FAM20C to phosphorylate the proteins that form the 'matrix' that guides the deposition of the enamel minerals. (541 aa) | ||||
SBNO1 | Strawberry notch homolog 1. (1393 aa) | ||||
RIOX1 | Ribosomal oxygenase 1; Oxygenase that can act as both a histone lysine demethylase and a ribosomal histidine hydroxylase. Specifically demethylates 'Lys- 4' (H3K4me) and 'Lys-36' (H3K36me) of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Preferentially demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me3) and monomethylated H3 'Lys-4' (H3K4me1) residues, while it has weaker activity for dimethylated H3 'Lys-36' (H3K36me2). Also catalyzes the hydroxylation of 60S ribosomal protein L8 on 'His- 216'. Acts as a regulator of osteoblast differentiation via its interaction with SP7/OS [...] (641 aa) | ||||
OSCAR | Osteoclast-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor; Regulator of osteoclastogenesis which plays an important bone-specific function in osteoclast differentiation; Belongs to the leukocyte receptor complex/polymeric immunogobulin receptor (PIR/LRC) family. (286 aa) | ||||
DSPP | Dentin sialophosphoprotein; DSP may be an important factor in dentinogenesis. DPP may bind high amount of calcium and facilitate initial mineralization of dentin matrix collagen as well as regulate the size and shape of the crystals. (1301 aa) |