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| | CLDN11 | Claudin-11; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (207 aa) |
| | PARD6A | Partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Probably involved in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Association with PARD3 may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins. Regulates centrosome organization and function. Essential for the centrosomal recruitment of key proteins that control centrosomal microtubule organization ; Belongs to the PAR6 family. (346 aa) |
| | LIN7B | Protein lin-7 homolog B; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may funct [...] (207 aa) |
| | YBX3 | Y-box-binding protein 3; Binds to the GM-CSF promoter. Seems to act as a repressor. Binds also to full-length mRNA and to short RNA sequences containing the consensus site 5'-UCCAUCA-3'. May have a role in translation repression (By similarity). (372 aa) |
| | KIF17 | Kinesin-like protein KIF17; Transports vesicles containing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B along microtubules; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. (1029 aa) |
| | MAST1 | Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 1; Microtubule-associated protein essential for correct brain development. Appears to link the dystrophin/utrophin network with microtubule filaments via the syntrophins. Phosphorylation of DMD or UTRN may modulate their affinities for associated proteins (By similarity). (1570 aa) |
| | MPP5 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5; Plays a role in tight junction biogenesis and in the establishment of cell polarity in epithelial cells. Also involved in adherens junction biogenesis by ensuring correct localization of the exocyst complex protein EXOC4/SEC8 which allows trafficking of adherens junction structural component CDH1 to the cell surface (By similarity). Plays a role through its interaction with CDH5 in vascular lumen formation and endothelial membrane polarity. Required during embryonic and postnatal retinal development (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of cerebell [...] (675 aa) |
| | CDH1 | Cadherin-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. (Microbial infection) Serves as a receptor for Listeria monocytogenes; internalin A (InlA) binds to this protein and promotes uptake of the bacteria. (882 aa) |
| | FAT2 | Protocadherin Fat 2; Involved in the regulation of cell migration. May be involved in mediating the organization of the parallel fibers of granule cells during cerebellar development (By similarity). (4349 aa) |
| | CDH19 | Cadherin-19; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (772 aa) |
| | CDH20 | Cadherin-20; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (801 aa) |
| | MAST3 | Microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 3. (1309 aa) |
| | EPB41L5 | Band 4.1-like protein 5; May contribute to the correct positioning of tight junctions during the establishment of polarity in epithelial cells. (733 aa) |
| | CDH3 | Cadherin-3; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (829 aa) |
| | PCDH10 | Protocadherin-10; Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. (1040 aa) |
| | CDH10 | Cadherin-10; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (788 aa) |
| | CLDN16 | Claudin-16; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Involved in paracellular magnesium reabsorption. Required for a selective paracellular conductance. May form, alone or in partnership with other constituents, an intercellular pore permitting paracellular passage of magnesium and calcium ions down their electrochemical gradients. Alternatively, it could be a sensor of magnesium concentration that could alter paracellular permeability mediated by other factors. (305 aa) |
| | CDH6 | Cadherin-6; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (790 aa) |
| | APBA1 | Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1; Putative function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by binding to Munc18-1, an essential component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery. May modulate processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and hence formation of APP-beta. (837 aa) |
| | KLRG1 | Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1; Plays an inhibitory role on natural killer (NK) cells and T- cell functions upon binding to their non-MHC ligands. May mediate missing self recognition by binding to a highly conserved site on classical cadherins, enabling it to monitor expression of E- cadherin/CDH1, N-cadherin/CDH2 and R-cadherin/CDH4 on target cells. (195 aa) |
| | CDH11 | Cadherin-11; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (796 aa) |
| | CDH2 | Cadherin-2; Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic s [...] (906 aa) |
| | CGN | Cingulin; Probably plays a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier; Belongs to the cingulin family. (1203 aa) |
| | MFHAS1 | Malignant fibrous histiocytoma-amplified sequence 1; Probable GTP-binding protein. Functions in innate immunity and more specifically the inflammatory response as a regulator of the Toll-like receptor TLR2 and TLR4 signaling pathways. Negatively regulates the part of the TLR4 signaling pathway that leads to the activation of the transcription factor AP-1. By retaining the phosphatase complex PP2A into the cytoplasm, prevents the dephosphorylation of the AP-1 subunit JUN which is required for proper activation of the transcription factor. Both inhibits and activates the TLR2-dependent s [...] (1052 aa) |
| | LIN7C | Protein lin-7 homolog C; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may funct [...] (197 aa) |
| | ESAM | Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule; Can mediate aggregation most likely through a homophilic molecular interaction. (390 aa) |
| | CXADR | Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downs [...] (365 aa) |
| | CLDN17 | Claudin-17; Channel-forming tight junction protein with selectivity for anions, including chloride and bicarbonate, and for solutes smaller than 9 Angstrom in diameter. In the kidney proximal tubule, may be involved in quantitative reabsorption of filtered anions. Does not affect water permeability; Belongs to the claudin family. (224 aa) |
| | PCDH1 | Protocadherin-1; May be involved in cell-cell interaction processes and in cell adhesion. (1237 aa) |
| | CLDN12 | Claudin-12; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (244 aa) |
| | CDH15 | Cadherin-15; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. M-cadherin is part of the myogenic program and may provide a trigger for terminal muscle differentiation. (814 aa) |
| | CLDN1 | Claudin-1; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. [...] (211 aa) |
| | PRKCI | Protein kinase C iota type; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/ threonine- protein kinase that plays a general protective role against apoptotic stimuli, is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, cell survival, differentiation and polarity, and contributes to the regulation of microtubule dynamics in the early secretory pathway. Is necessary for BCR-ABL oncogene-mediated resistance to apoptotic drug in leukemia cells, protecting leukemia cells against drug-induced apoptosis. In cultured neurons, prevents amyloid beta protein-induced apoptosis by interrupting cell death process [...] (596 aa) |
| | CLDN19 | Claudin-19; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (224 aa) |
| | JAM3 | Junctional adhesion molecule C; Junctional adhesion protein that mediates heterotypic cell- cell interactions with its cognate receptor JAM2 to regulate different cellular processes. Plays a role in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the bone marrow. At the surface of bone marrow stromal cells, it contributes to the retention of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expressing JAM3. Plays a central role in leukocytes extravasation by facilitating transmigration through the endothelium (By similarity). Plays a role in spermatogenesis where JA [...] (310 aa) |
| | CLDN10 | Claudin-10; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Involved in the regulation of paracellular epithelia permeability to ions in multiple organs. It acts as a paracellular ion channel probably forming permselective pores; isoform 1 appears to create pores preferentially permeable to cations and isoform 2 for anions. In sweat glands and in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop in kidney, it controls paracellular sodium permeability which is essential for proper sweat production an [...] (228 aa) |
| | DCHS1 | Protocadherin-16; Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. Mediates functions in neuroprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. In the heart, has a critical role for proper morphogenesis of the mitral valve, acting in the regulation of cell migration involved in valve formation. (3298 aa) |
| | MARVELD3 | MARVEL domain containing 3. (410 aa) |
| | MAGI3 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 3; Acts as a scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions, thereby regulating various cellular and signaling processes. Cooperates with PTEN to modulate the kinase activity of AKT1. Its interaction with PTPRB and tyrosine phosphorylated proteins suggests that it may link receptor tyrosine phosphatase with its substrates at the plasma membrane. In polarized epithelial cells, involved in efficient trafficking of TGFA to the cell surface. Regulates the ability of LPAR2 to activate ERK and RhoA pathways. Regulates the [...] (1481 aa) |
| | CTNNA1 | Catenin alpha-1; Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. The association of catenins to cadherins produces a complex which is linked to the actin filament network, and which seems to be of primary importance for cadherins cell-adhesion properties. Can associate with both E- and N-cadherins. Originally believed to be a stable component of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes and to mediate the linkage of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions. In contrast, cortical actin was found to be much more dynamic than E-cadherin/catenin complexes and [...] (906 aa) |
| | CTNND2 | Catenin delta-2; Has a critical role in neuronal development, particularly in the formation and/or maintenance of dendritic spines and synapses. Involved in the regulation of Wnt signaling. It probably acts on beta-catenin turnover, facilitating beta-catenin interaction with GSK3B, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). Functions as a transcriptional activator when bound to ZBTB33 (By similarity). May be involved in neuronal cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis and integrity by regulating adhesion molecules. (1225 aa) |
| | ZBTB4 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 4; Transcriptional repressor with bimodal DNA-binding specificity. Represses transcription in a methyl-CpG-dependent manner. Binds with a higher affinity to methylated CpG dinucleotides in the consensus sequence 5'-CGCG-3' but can also bind to the non-methylated consensus sequence 5'-CTGCNA-3' also known as the consensus kaiso binding site (KBS). Can also bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair and can bind hemimethylated DNA but with a lower affinity compared to methylated DNA. Plays a role in postnatal myogenesis, may be involved in [...] (1013 aa) |
| | LRRC7 | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 7; Required for normal synaptic spine architecture and function. Necessary for DISC1 and GRM5 localization to postsynaptic density complexes and for both N-methyl D-aspartate receptor-dependent and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long term depression. Belongs to the LAP (LRR and PDZ) protein family. (1495 aa) |
| | CLDN22 | Claudin-22; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | DIPK2A | Divergent protein kinase domain 2A; May play a role in cardiomyocyte proliferation through paracrine signaling and activation of the PPI3K-AKT-CDK7 signaling cascade; Belongs to the DIPK family. (430 aa) |
| | LLGL1 | Lethal(2) giant larvae protein homolog 1; Cortical cytoskeleton protein found in a complex involved in maintaining cell polarity and epithelial integrity. Involved in the regulation of mitotic spindle orientation, proliferation, differentiation and tissue organization of neuroepithelial cells. Involved in axonogenesis through RAB10 activation thereby regulating vesicular membrane trafficking toward the axonal plasma membrane. (1064 aa) |
| | MARVELD2 | MARVEL domain-containing protein 2; Plays a role in the formation of tricellular tight junctions and of epithelial barriers (By similarity). Required for normal hearing via its role in the separation of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces of the organ of Corti in the inner ear, and for normal survival of hair cells in the organ of Corti. (558 aa) |
| | CDHR3 | Cadherin-related family member 3; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (885 aa) |
| | OPCML | Opioid-binding protein/cell adhesion molecule; Binds opioids in the presence of acidic lipids; probably involved in cell contact; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. IgLON family. (345 aa) |
| | CLDN2 | Claudin-2; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (230 aa) |
| | NXN | Nucleoredoxin; Functions as a redox-dependent negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, possibly by preventing ubiquitination of DVL3 by the BCR(KLHL12) complex. May also function as a transcriptional regulator act as a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) (By similarity). Belongs to the nucleoredoxin family. (435 aa) |
| | MPP7 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 7; Acts as an important adapter that promotes epithelial cell polarity and tight junction formation via its interaction with DLG1. Involved in the assembly of protein complexes at sites of cell-cell contact; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (576 aa) |
| | CDH26 | Cadherin-like protein 26; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Ligand for integrins alpha-E/beta-7, ITGAE:ITGAB7, alpha-4/beta-7, ITGA4:ITGAB7 and alpha-4/beta-1, ITGA4:ITGAB1 through which modulates CD4(+) T cells activation. (832 aa) |
| | CLDN18 | Claudin-18; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (261 aa) |
| | PARD6G | Partitioning defective 6 homolog gamma; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. May play a role in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins (By similarity). (376 aa) |
| | CASKIN1 | Caskin-1; May link the scaffolding protein CASK to downstream intracellular effectors. (1431 aa) |
| | MAGI2 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2; Seems to act as scaffold molecule at synaptic junctions by assembling neurotransmitter receptors and cell adhesion proteins. May play a role in regulating activin-mediated signaling in neuronal cells. Enhances the ability of PTEN to suppress AKT1 activation. Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced recruitment of RAPGEF2 to late endosomes and neurite outgrowth. (1455 aa) |
| | OCLN | Occludin; May play a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier. It is able to induce adhesion when expressed in cells lacking tight junctions. (522 aa) |
| | TJP1 | Tight junction protein ZO-1; TJP1, TJP2, and TJP3 are closely related scaffolding proteins that link tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins such as claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and occludin to the actin cytoskeleton. The tight junction acts to limit movement of substances through the paracellular space and as a boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. Necessary for lumenogenesis, and particularly efficient epithelial polarization and barrier formation (By similarity). Plays a role i [...] (1768 aa) |
| | JAML | Junctional adhesion molecule-like; Transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes that control their migration and activation through interaction with CXADR, a plasma membrane receptor found on adjacent epithelial and endothelial cells. The interaction between both receptors mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downstream cell signaling events in gamma-delta T-cells through PI3-kinase and MAP kinases. It results in proliferat [...] (394 aa) |
| | CRB3 | Protein crumbs homolog 3; Involved in the establishment of cell polarity in mammalian epithelial cells. Regulates the morphogenesis of tight junctions. (123 aa) |
| | SCRIB | Protein scribble homolog; Scaffold protein involved in different aspects of polarized cells differentiation regulating epithelial and neuronal morphogenesis. Most probably functions in the establishment of apico-basal cell polarity. May function in cell proliferation regulating progression from G1 to S phase and as a positive regulator of apoptosis for instance during acinar morphogenesis of the mammary epithelium. May also function in cell migration and adhesion and hence regulate cell invasion through MAPK signaling. May play a role in exocytosis and in the targeting synaptic vesicle [...] (1655 aa) |
| | DCHS2 | Protocadherin-23; Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. (3371 aa) |
| | CLDN7 | Claudin-7; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space; Belongs to the claudin family. (211 aa) |
| | TRPM6 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6; Essential ion channel and serine/threonine-protein kinase. Crucial for magnesium homeostasis. Has an important role in epithelial magnesium transport and in the active magnesium absorption in the gut and kidney. Isoforms of the type M6-kinase lack the ion channel region; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. LTrpC subfamily. TRPM6 sub-subfamily. (2022 aa) |
| | MAST2 | Microtubule-associated serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Appears to link the dystrophin/utrophin network with microtubule filaments via the syntrophins. Phosphorylation of DMD or UTRN may modulate their affinities for associated proteins. Functions in a multi-protein complex in spermatid maturation. Regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-12 synthesis in macrophages by forming a complex with TRAF6, resulting in the inhibition of TRAF6 NF-kappa-B activation (By similarity); Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1798 aa) |
| | PCDH18 | Protocadherin-18; Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. (1135 aa) |
| | CLDN20 | Claudin-20; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (219 aa) |
| | CRB1 | Protein crumbs homolog 1; Plays a role in photoreceptor morphogenesis in the retina. May maintain cell polarization and adhesion; Belongs to the Crumbs protein family. (1406 aa) |
| | F11R | Junctional adhesion molecule A; Seems to play a role in epithelial tight junction formation. Appears early in primordial forms of cell junctions and recruits PARD3. The association of the PARD6-PARD3 complex may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating monocyte transmigration involved in integrity of epithelial barrier (By similarity). Ligand for integrin alpha-L/beta-2 involved in memory T- cell and neutrophil transmigration. Involved in platelet activation. (Microbial infection) Acts as a recept [...] (299 aa) |
| | AS3MT | Arsenite methyltransferase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from AdoMet to trivalent arsenicals producing methylated and dimethylated arsenicals. It methylates arsenite to form methylarsonate, Me-AsO(3)H(2), which is reduced by methylarsonate reductase to methylarsonite, Me-As(OH)2. Methylarsonite is also a substrate and it is converted into the much less toxic compound dimethylarsinate (cacodylate), Me(2)As(O)-OH. (375 aa) |
| | PARD6B | Partitioning defective 6 homolog beta; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Probably involved in formation of epithelial tight junctions. Association with PARD3 may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins; Belongs to the PAR6 family. (372 aa) |
| | PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor [...] (403 aa) |
| | DLG5 | Disks large homolog 5; Acts as a regulator of the Hippo signaling pathway. Negatively regulates the Hippo signaling pathway by mediating the interaction of MARK3 with STK3/4, bringing them together to promote MARK3-dependent hyperphosphorylation and inactivation of STK3 kinase activity toward LATS1. Positively regulates the Hippo signaling pathway by mediating the interaction of SCRIB with STK4/MST1 and LATS1 which is important for the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Involved in regulating cell proliferation, maintenance of epithelial polarity, epithelial-mesenchymal transit [...] (1919 aa) |
| | CRB2 | Protein crumbs homolog 2; Apical polarity protein that plays a central role during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at gastrulation, when newly specified mesodermal cells move inside the embryo. Acts by promoting cell ingression, the process by which cells leave the epithelial epiblast and move inside the embryo to form a new tissue layer. The anisotropic distribution of CRB2 and MYH10/myosin-IIB at cell edges define which cells will ingress: cells with high apical CRB2 are probably extruded from the epiblast by neighboring cells with high levels of apical MYH10/myosin-II [...] (1285 aa) |
| | PARD3 | Partitioning defective 3 homolog; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Seems to play a central role in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Targets the phosphatase PTEN to cell junctions (By similarity). Involved in Schwann cell peripheral myelination (By similarity). Association with PARD6B may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly (By similarity). The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins. Required for establishment of [...] (1356 aa) |
| | PCDH8 | Protocadherin-8; Calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein (By similarity). May play a role in activity-induced synaptic reorganization underlying long term memory (By similarity). Could be involved in CDH2 internalization through TAOK2/p38 MAPK pathway. In hippocampal neurons, may play a role in the down-regulation of dendritic spines, maybe through its action on CDH2 endocytosis (By similarity). (1070 aa) |
| | PRKCZ | Protein kinase C zeta type; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/threonine- protein kinase that functions in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, mitogenic signaling, cell proliferation, cell polarity, inflammatory response and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages, or following mitogenic stimuli, functions downstream of PI3K to activate MAP2K1/MEK1-MAPK1/ERK2 signaling cascade independently of RAF1 activation. Req [...] (592 aa) |
| | INSC | Protein inscuteable homolog; May function as an adapter linking the Par3 complex to the GPSM1/GPSM2 complex. Involved in spindle orientation during mitosis. May regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the developing nervous system. May play a role in the asymmetric division of fibroblasts and participate in the process of stratification of the squamous epithelium (By similarity). (579 aa) |
| | IGSF5 | Immunoglobulin superfamily member 5; Provides, together with MAGI1, an adhesion machinery at tight junctions, which may regulate the permeability of kidney glomerulus and small intestinal epithelial cells. Mediates calcium-independent homophilic cell adhesion. In testis, it may function as a cell adhesion molecule rather than a tight-junction protein. It may participate in the adhesion between spermatogonia-spermatogonia, spermatogonia-Sertoli cells, and Sertoli cells-Sertoli cells (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (407 aa) |
| | CDH12 | Cadherin-12; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (794 aa) |
| | CDH18 | Cadherin-18; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (790 aa) |
| | PKP4 | Plakophilin-4; Plays a role as a regulator of Rho activity during cytokinesis. May play a role in junctional plaques. (1192 aa) |
| | LLGL2 | LLGL scribble cell polarity complex component 2; Part of a complex with GPSM2/LGN, PRKCI/aPKC and PARD6B/Par- 6, which may ensure the correct organization and orientation of bipolar spindles for normal cell division. This complex plays roles in the initial phase of the establishment of epithelial cell polarity. Belongs to the WD repeat L(2)GL family. (1020 aa) |
| | NUMA1 | Nuclear mitotic apparatus protein 1; Microtubule (MT)-binding protein that plays a role in the formation and maintenance of the spindle poles and the alignement and the segregation of chromosomes during mitotic cell division. Functions to tether the minus ends of MTs at the spindle poles, which is critical for the establishment and maintenance of the spindle poles. Plays a role in the establishment of the mitotic spindle orientation during metaphase and elongation during anaphase in a dynein-dynactin-dependent manner. In metaphase, part of a ternary complex composed of GPSM2 and G(i) a [...] (2115 aa) |
| | FAT4 | Protocadherin Fat 4; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. FAT4 plays a role in the maintenance of planar cell polarity as well as in inhibition of YAP1-mediated neuroprogenitor cell proliferation and differentiation (By similarity). (4981 aa) |
| | CLDN3 | Claudin-3; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | CLDN6 | Claudin-6; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | CDH24 | Cadherin-24; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Cadherin-24 mediate strong cell-cell adhesion. (819 aa) |
| | CDH7 | Cadherin-7; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (785 aa) |
| | MPP3 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 3; Membrane palmitoylated protein 3; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (610 aa) |
| | CTNND1 | Catenin delta-1; Key regulator of cell-cell adhesion that associates with and regulates the cell adhesion properties of both C-, E- and N-cadherins, being critical for their surface stability. Beside cell-cell adhesion, regulates gene transcription through several transcription factors including ZBTB33/Kaiso2 and GLIS2, and the activity of Rho family GTPases and downstream cytoskeletal dynamics. Implicated both in cell transformation by SRC and in ligand-induced receptor signaling through the EGF, PDGF, CSF-1 and ERBB2 receptors. Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (968 aa) |
| | CLDN14 | Claudin-14; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (239 aa) |
| | CLDN8 | Claudin-8; Tight-junction protein required for paracellular chloride transport in the kidney. Mediates recruitment of CLDN4 to tight junction in the kidney. Claudins play a major role in tight junction- specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium- independent cell-adhesion activity. (225 aa) |
| | JAM2 | Junctional adhesion molecule B; Junctional adhesion protein that mediates heterotypic cell- cell interactions with its cognate receptor JAM3 to regulate different cellular processes. Plays a role in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the bone marrow. At the surface of bone marrow stromal cells, it contributes to the retention of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expressing JAM3. Plays a central role in leukocytes extravasation by facilitating not only transmigration but also tethering and rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium. Teth [...] (312 aa) |
| | CTNNA2 | Catenin alpha-2; May function as a linker between cadherin adhesion receptors and the cytoskeleton to regulate cell-cell adhesion and differentiation in the nervous system (By similarity). Required for proper regulation of cortical neuronal migration and neurite growth. It acts as negative regulator of Arp2/3 complex activity and Arp2/3- mediated actin polymerization. It thereby suppresses excessive actin branching which would impair neurite growth and stability. Regulates morphological plasticity of synapses and cerebellar and hippocampal lamination during development. Functions in th [...] (953 aa) |
| | CLDN15 | Claudin-15; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members function as impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN15 forms tight junctions that mediate the paracellular transport of small monovalent cations along a concentration gradient, due to selective permeability for Na(+), Li(+) and K(+) ions, but selects a [...] (228 aa) |
| | MAGI1 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1; May play a role as scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions. May regulate acid-induced ASIC3 currents by modulating its expression at the cell surface (By similarity). (1462 aa) |
| | CLDN5 | Claudin-5; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space. (303 aa) |
| | GPSM2 | G-protein-signaling modulator 2; Plays an important role in mitotic spindle pole organization via its interaction with NUMA1. Required for cortical dynein-dynactin complex recruitment during metaphase. Plays a role in metaphase spindle orientation. Plays also an important role in asymmetric cell divisions. Has guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) activity towards G(i) alpha proteins, such as GNAI1 and GNAI3, and thereby regulates their activity (By similarity). (684 aa) |
| | PARD3B | Partitioning defective 3 homolog B; Putative adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. May play a role in the formation of epithelial tight junctions; Belongs to the PAR3 family. (1205 aa) |
| | CTNNA3 | Catenin alpha-3; May be involved in formation of stretch-resistant cell-cell adhesion complexes. (895 aa) |
| | GPSM1 | G-protein-signaling modulator 1; Guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) which functions as a receptor-independent activator of heterotrimeric G- protein signaling. Keeps G(i/o) alpha subunit in its GDP-bound form thus uncoupling heterotrimeric G-proteins signaling from G protein- coupled receptors. Controls spindle orientation and asymmetric cell fate of cerebral cortical progenitors. May also be involved in macroautophagy in intestinal cells. May play a role in drug addiction. Belongs to the GPSM family. (675 aa) |
| | CLDN25 | Putative claudin-25; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (229 aa) |
| | CLDN9 | Claudin-9; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (217 aa) |
| | FJX1 | Four-jointed box protein 1; Acts as an inhibitor of dendrite extension and branching. Belongs to the FJX1/FJ family. (437 aa) |
| | PDZD2 | Processed PDZ domain-containing protein 2; PDZ domain containing 2. (2839 aa) |
| | CLDN34 | Claudin-34; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (214 aa) |
| | CLDN4 | Claudin-4; Channel-forming tight junction protein that mediates paracellular chloride transport in the kidney. Plays a critical role in the paracellular reabsorption of filtered chloride in the kidney collecting ducts. Claudins play a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (209 aa) |
| | ZBTB38 | Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 38; Transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity. Binds with a higher affinity to methylated CpG dinucleotides in the consensus sequence 5'-CGCG-3' but can also bind to E-box elements (5'-CACGTG-3'). Can also bind specifically to a single methyl-CpG pair. Represses transcription in a methyl-CpG-dependent manner. Plays an important role in regulating DNA replication and common fragile sites (CFS) stability in a RBBP6- and MCM10-dependent manner; represses expression of MCM10 which plays an important role in DNA-replication. [...] (1195 aa) |
| | MPP2 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 2; Postsynaptic MAGUK scaffold protein that links CADM1 cell adhesion molecules to core components of the postsynaptic density (By similarity). In CA1 pyramidal neurons, required for synaptic KCNN2- containing channel function and long-term potentiation expression (By similarity). Seems to negatively regulate SRC function in epithelial cells. (597 aa) |
| | CLDN23 | Claudin-23; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (292 aa) |
| | FAT3 | Protocadherin Fat 3; May play a role in the interactions between neurites derived from specific subsets of neurons during development. (4439 aa) |
| | CDH22 | Cadherin-22; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. PB-cadherins may have a role in the morphological organization of pituitary gland and brain tissues (By similarity). (828 aa) |
| | TJP2 | Tight junction protein ZO-2; Plays a role in tight junctions and adherens junctions. (1221 aa) |
| | CLDN24 | Putative claudin-24; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | LIN7A | Protein lin-7 homolog A; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may funct [...] (233 aa) |
| | ZBTB33 | Transcriptional regulator Kaiso; Transcriptional regulator with bimodal DNA-binding specificity. Binds to methylated CpG dinucleotides in the consensus sequence 5'-CGCG-3' and also binds to the non-methylated consensus sequence 5'-CTGCNA-3' also known as the consensus kaiso binding site (KBS). Recruits the N-CoR repressor complex to promote histone deacetylation and the formation of repressive chromatin structures in target gene promoters. May contribute to the repression of target genes of the Wnt signaling pathway. May also activate transcription of a subset of target genes by the re [...] (672 aa) |
| | CDH8 | Cadherin-8; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (799 aa) |
| | TJP3 | Tight junction protein ZO-3; TJP1, TJP2, and TJP3 are closely related scaffolding proteins that link tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins such as claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and occludin to the actin cytoskeleton. The tight junction acts to limit movement of substances through the paracellular space and as a boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. Binds and recruits PATJ to tight junctions where it connects and stabilizes apical and lateral components of tight junctions. Promote [...] (928 aa) |
| | CDH4 | Cadherin-4; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. May play an important role in retinal development. (916 aa) |
| | PATJ | InaD-like protein; Scaffolding protein that may bring different proteins into adjacent positions at the cell membrane (Probable). May regulate protein targeting, cell polarity and integrity of tight junctions. May regulate the surface expression and/or function of ASIC3 in sensory neurons (By similarity). May recruit ARHGEF18 to apical cell-cell boundaries. (1882 aa) |
| | CASK | Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK; Multidomain scaffolding protein with a role in synaptic transmembrane protein anchoring and ion channel trafficking. Contributes to neural development and regulation of gene expression via interaction with the transcription factor TBR1. Binds to cell-surface proteins, including amyloid precursor protein, neurexins and syndecans. May mediate a link between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton via its interaction with syndecan and with the actin/spectrin-binding protein 4.1; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (921 aa) |
| | CTNNB1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) |
| | FAM90A7P | Putative protein FAM90A7P; Belongs to the FAM90 family. (464 aa) |
