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| | SCTR | Secretin receptor; Receptor for secretin (SCT), which is involved in different processes such as regulation of the pH of the duodenal content, food intake and water homeostasis. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase (By similarity). Upon binding to secretin, regulates the pH of the duodenum by (1) inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and (2) stimulating the production of bicarbonate (NaHCO(3)) from the ductal cells of the pancreas (By similarity). In addition to regulating the pH of the duodena [...] (440 aa) |
| | UTS2 | Urotensin-2; Highly potent vasoconstrictor; Belongs to the urotensin-2 family. (139 aa) |
| | PRLH | Prolactin-releasing peptide PrRP20; Stimulates prolactin (PRL) release and regulates the expression of prolactin through its receptor GPR10. May stimulate lactotrophs directly to secrete PRL. (87 aa) |
| | SCT | Secretin; Hormone involved in different processes, such as regulation of the pH of the duodenal content, food intake and water homeostasis. Exerts its biological effects by binding to secretin receptor (SCTR), a G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the basolateral domain of several cells. Acts as a key gastrointestinal hormone by regulating the pH of the duodenal content (By similarity). Secreted by S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkuehn and regulates the pH of the duodenum by (1) inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid from the parietal cells of the stomach and (2) s [...] (121 aa) |
| | BDKRB1 | B1 bradykinin receptor; This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation. (353 aa) |
| | PROKR2 | Prokineticin receptor 2; Receptor for prokineticin 2. Exclusively coupled to the G(q) subclass of heteromeric G proteins. Activation leads to mobilization of calcium, stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover and activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. (384 aa) |
| | OXT | Oxytocin-neurophysin 1; Neurophysin 1 specifically binds oxytocin. (125 aa) |
| | MLNR | Motilin receptor; Receptor for motilin; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (412 aa) |
| | NPVF | Pro-FMRFamide-related neuropeptide VF; Neuropeptide RFRP-1 acts as a potent negative regulator of gonadotropin synthesis and secretion. Neuropeptides NPSF and NPVF efficiently inhibit forskolin-induced production of cAMP, but RFRP-2 shows no inhibitory activity. Neuropeptide RFRP-1 induces secretion of prolactin in rats. Neuropeptide NPVF blocks morphine-induced analgesia. Belongs to the FARP (FMRFamide related peptide) family. (196 aa) |
| | GNRHR | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor; Receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that mediates the action of GnRH to stimulate the secretion of the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This receptor mediates its action by association with G- proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Isoform 2 may act as an inhibitor of GnRH-R signaling. (328 aa) |
| | KISS1R | KiSS-1 receptor; Receptor for metastin (kisspeptin-54 or kp-54), a C- terminally amidated peptide of KiSS1. KiSS1 is a metastasis suppressor protein that suppresses metastases in malignant melanomas and in some breast carcinomas without affecting tumorigenicity. The metastasis suppressor properties may be mediated in part by cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis in malignant cells. The receptor is essential for normal gonadotropin-released hormone physiology and for puberty. The hypothalamic KiSS1/KISS1R system is a pivotal factor in central regulation of the gonadotropic axis a [...] (398 aa) |
| | OPRD1 | Delta-type opioid receptor; G-protein coupled receptor that functions as receptor for endogenous enkephalins and for a subset of other opioids. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling leads to the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity. Inhibits neurotransmitter release by reducing calcium ion currents and increasing potassium ion conductance. Plays a role in the perception of pain and in opiate-mediated analgesia. [...] (372 aa) |
| | PRLHR | Prolactin-releasing peptide receptor; Receptor for prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP). Implicated in lactation, regulation of food intake and pain-signal processing; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (370 aa) |
| | IAPP | Islet amyloid polypeptide; Selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism; Belongs to the calcitonin family. (89 aa) |
| | GHSR | Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1; Receptor for ghrelin, coupled to G-alpha-11 proteins. Stimulates growth hormone secretion. Binds also other growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) (e.g. Met-enkephalin and GHRP-6) as well as non-peptide, low molecular weight secretagogues (e.g. L-692,429, MK- 0677, adenosine). (366 aa) |
| | RAMP3 | Receptor activity-modifying protein 3; Plays a role in cardioprotection by reducing cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis in a GPER1-dependent manner. Transports the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (CALCRL) and GPER1 to the plasma membrane. Acts as a receptor for adrenomedullin (AM) together with CALCRL. (148 aa) |
| | MC3R | Melanocortin receptor 3; Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. This receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Required for expression of anticipatory patterns of activity and wakefulness during periods of limited nutrient availability and for the normal regulation of circadian clock activity in the brain. (323 aa) |
| | GNRH2 | GnRH-associated peptide 2; Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones; Belongs to the GnRH family. (120 aa) |
| | MCHR1 | Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1; Receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to both G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (422 aa) |
| | GALR3 | Galanin receptor type 3; Receptor for the hormone galanin. Receptor for the hormone spexin-1. (368 aa) |
| | RAMP2 | Receptor activity-modifying protein 2; Transports the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (CALCRL) to the plasma membrane. Acts as a receptor for adrenomedullin (AM) together with CALCRL; Belongs to the RAMP family. (175 aa) |
| | RAMP1 | Receptor activity-modifying protein 1; Transports the calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor (CALCRL) to the plasma membrane. Acts as a receptor for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) together with CALCRL. (148 aa) |
| | SSTR4 | Somatostatin receptor type 4; Receptor for somatostatin-14. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibits adenylyl cyclase. It is functionally coupled not only to inhibition of adenylate cyclase, but also to activation of both arachidonate release and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade. Mediates antiproliferative action of somatostatin in tumor cells. (388 aa) |
| | NMUR2 | Neuromedin-U receptor 2; Receptor for the neuromedin-U and neuromedin-S neuropeptides. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (415 aa) |
| | NTS | Neurotensin/neuromedin N; Neurotensin may play an endocrine or paracrine role in the regulation of fat metabolism. It causes contraction of smooth muscle; Belongs to the neurotensin family. (170 aa) |
| | TSHB | Thyrotropin subunit beta; Indispensable for the control of thyroid structure and metabolism; Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family. (138 aa) |
| | GRP | Gastrin-releasing peptide; Stimulates the release of gastrin and other gastrointestinal hormones (By similarity). Contributes to the perception of prurient stimuli and to the transmission of itch signals in the spinal cord that promote scratching behavior. Contributes primarily to nonhistaminergic itch sensation. Contributes to long-term fear memory, but not normal spatial memory. Contributes to the regulation of food intake (By similarity). (148 aa) |
| | SPX | Spexin-1; Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception. Plays also a role in energy metabolism and storage. Inhibits adrenocortical cell proliferation with minor stimulation on corticosteroid release (By similarity). [Spexin-2]: Intracerebroventricular administration of the peptide induces a decrease in heart rate, but no change in arterial pressure, and an increase in urine flow rate. Intraventricular administration of the peptide induces antinociceptive activity (By similarity). (116 aa) |
| | MRAP2 | Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein 2; Modulator of melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R), a receptor involved in energy homeostasis. Plays a central role in the control of energy homeostasis and body weight regulation by increasing ligand- sensitivity of MC4R and MC4R-mediated generation of cAMP (By similarity). May also act as a negative regulator of MC2R: competes with MRAP for binding to MC2R and impairs the binding of corticotropin (ACTH) to MC2R. May also regulate activity of other melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC3R and MC5R); however, additional evidence is required in vivo. (205 aa) |
| | NMBR | Neuromedin-B receptor; Receptor for neuromedin-B. (390 aa) |
| | VIPR2 | Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 2; This is a receptor for VIP as well as PACAP-38 and -27, the activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. Can be coupled to phospholipase C. (438 aa) |
| | GLP2R | Glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor; This is a receptor for glucagon-like peptide 2. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. (553 aa) |
| | ANOS1 | Anosmin-1; Has a dual branch-promoting and guidance activity, which may play an important role in the patterning of mitral and tufted cell collaterals to the olfactory cortex (By similarity). Chemoattractant for fetal olfactory epithelial cells. (680 aa) |
| | NMU | Neuromedin precursor-related peptide 33; [Neuromedin-U-25]: Ligand for receptors NMUR1 and NMUR2 (By similarity). Stimulates muscle contractions of specific regions of the gastrointestinal tract. In humans, NmU stimulates contractions of the ileum and urinary bladder. [Neuromedin precursor-related peptide 36]: Does not function as a ligand for either NMUR1 or NMUR2. Indirectly induces prolactin release from lactotroph cells in the pituitary gland, probably via the hypothalamic dopaminergic system. (174 aa) |
| | GAL | Galanin message-associated peptide; Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion; Belongs to the galanin family. (123 aa) |
| | NPFF | Pro-FMRFamide-related neuropeptide FF; Morphine modulating peptides. Have wide-ranging physiologic effects, including the modulation of morphine-induced analgesia, elevation of arterial blood pressure, and increased somatostatin secretion from the pancreas. Neuropeptide FF potentiates and sensitizes ASIC1 and ASIC3 channels. (113 aa) |
| | SSTR1 | Somatostatin receptor type 1; Receptor for somatostatin with higher affinity for somatostatin-14 than -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger via pertussis toxin insensitive G proteins. (391 aa) |
| | PTH2 | Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues; Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. Induces protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. May inhibit cell proliferation via its action on PTH2R activation. Neuropeptide which may also have a role in spermatogenesis. May activate nociceptors and nociceptive circuits; Belongs to the parathyroid hormone family. (100 aa) |
| | PROK1 | Prokineticin-1; Potently contracts gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle. Induces proliferation, migration and fenestration (the formation of membrane discontinuities) in capillary endothelial cells derived from endocrine glands. Has little or no effect on a variety of other endothelial and non-endothelial cell types. Induces proliferation and differentiation, but not migration, of enteric neural crest cells. Directly influences neuroblastoma progression by promoting the proliferation and migration of neuroblastoma cells. Positively regulates PTGS2 expression and prostaglandin synthesis. [...] (105 aa) |
| | REN | Renin; Renin is a highly specific endopeptidase, whose only known function is to generate angiotensin I from angiotensinogen in the plasma, initiating a cascade of reactions that produce an elevation of blood pressure and increased sodium retention by the kidney. (406 aa) |
| | PTH2R | Parathyroid hormone 2 receptor; This is a specific receptor for parathyroid hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. PTH2R may be responsible for PTH effects in a number of physiological systems. It may play a significant role in pancreatic function. PTH2R presence in neurons indicates that it may function as a neurotransmitter receptor (By similarity). (550 aa) |
| | UCN2 | Urocortin-2; Suppresses food intake, delays gastric emptying and decreases heat-induced edema. Might represent an endogenous ligand for maintaining homeostasis after stress; Belongs to the sauvagine/corticotropin-releasing factor/urotensin I family. (112 aa) |
| | CRHBP | Corticotropin-releasing factor-binding protein; Binds CRF and inactivates it. May prevent inappropriate pituitary-adrenal stimulation in pregnancy; Belongs to the CRF-binding protein family. (322 aa) |
| | GNRH1 | GnRH-associated peptide 1; Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones. (92 aa) |
| | CRH | Corticoliberin; Hormone regulating the release of corticotropin from pituitary gland (By similarity). Induces NLRP6 in intestinal epithelial cells, hence may influence gut microbiota profile (By similarity). (196 aa) |
| | NPFFR1 | Neuropeptide FF receptor 1; Receptor for NPAF (A-18-F-amide) and NPFF (F-8-F-amide) neuropeptides, also known as morphine-modulating peptides. Can also be activated by a variety of naturally occurring or synthetic FMRF-amide like ligands. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (430 aa) |
| | GPHA2 | Glycoprotein hormone alpha-2; Functions as a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone with GPHB5 able to bind and activate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), leading to increased cAMP production. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism. Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family. (129 aa) |
| | MCHR2 | Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2; Receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. (340 aa) |
| | SST | Somatostatin-14; [Somatostatin-14]: Inhibits the secretion of pituitary hormones, including that of growth hormone/somatotropin (GH1), PRL, ACTH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and TSH. Also impairs ghrelin- and GnRH- stimulated secretion of GH1 and LH; the inhibition of ghrelin- stimulated secretion of GH1 can be further increased by neuronostatin. (116 aa) |
| | ACE | Angiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form; Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI- anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety; Belongs to the peptidase M2 family. (1306 aa) |
| | AGRP | Agouti-related protein; Plays a role in weight homeostasis. Involved in the control of feeding behavior through the central melanocortin system. Acts as alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone antagonist by inhibiting cAMP production mediated by stimulation of melanocortin receptors within the hypothalamus and adrenal gland. Has very low activity with MC5R (By similarity). Is an inverse agonist for MC3R and MC4R being able to suppress their constitutive activity. It promotes MC3R and MC4R endocytosis in an arrestin-dependent manner. (132 aa) |
| | HCRT | Orexin-A; Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions. A broader role in the homeostatic regulation of energy metabolism, autonomic function, hormonal balance and the regulation of body fluids, is also suggested. Orexin-A binds to both OX1R and OX2R with a high affinity, whereas orexin-B binds only to OX2R with a similar high affinity. (131 aa) |
| | SSTR5 | Somatostatin receptor type 5; Receptor for somatostatin 28 and to a lesser extent for somatostatin-14. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Increases cell growth inhibition activity of SSTR2 following heterodimerization. (364 aa) |
| | LHCGR | Lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone receptor; Receptor for lutropin-choriogonadotropic hormone. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. (699 aa) |
| | CCKAR | Cholecystokinin receptor type A; Receptor for cholecystokinin. Mediates pancreatic growth and enzyme secretion, smooth muscle contraction of the gall bladder and stomach. Has a 1000-fold higher affinity for CCK rather than for gastrin. It modulates feeding and dopamine-induced behavior in the central and peripheral nervous system. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (428 aa) |
| | PROK2 | Prokineticin-2; May function as an output molecule from the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that transmits behavioral circadian rhythm. May also function locally within the SCN to synchronize output. Potently contracts gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle; Belongs to the AVIT (prokineticin) family. (129 aa) |
| | UCN | Urocortin; Acts in vitro to stimulate the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Binds with high affinity to CRF receptor types 1, 2-alpha, and 2-beta. Plays a role in the establishment of normal hearing thresholds (By similarity). Reduces food intake and regulates ghrelin levels in gastric body and plasma (By similarity). (124 aa) |
| | AVPR1A | Vasopressin V1a receptor; Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidyl- inositol-calcium second messenger system. Has been involved in social behaviors, including affiliation and attachment. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (418 aa) |
| | GALR1 | Galanin receptor type 1; Receptor for the hormone galanin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (349 aa) |
| | MC4R | Melanocortin receptor 4; Receptor specific to the heptapeptide core common to adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH. Plays a central role in energy homeostasis and somatic growth. This receptor is mediated by G proteins that stimulate adenylate cyclase (cAMP). (332 aa) |
| | CGB5 | Choriogonadotropin subunit beta 3; Beta subunit of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). hCG is a complex glycoprotein composed of two glycosylated subunits alpha and beta which are non-covalently associated. The alpha subunit is identical to those in the pituitary gonadotropin hormones (LH, FSH and TSH). The beta subunits are distinct in each of the hormones and confer receptor and biological specificity. Has an essential role in pregnancy and maternal adaptation. Stimulates the ovaries to synthesize the steroids that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. (165 aa) |
| | PNOC | Prepronociceptin; [Nociceptin]: Ligand of the opioid receptor-like receptor OPRL1. It may act as a transmitter in the brain by modulating nociceptive and locomotor behavior. May be involved in neuronal differentiation and development. [Orphanin FQ2]: Has potent analgesic activity. Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family. (176 aa) |
| | TACR3 | Neuromedin-K receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide neuromedin-K (neurokinin B). It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: neuromedin-K > substance K > substance P. (465 aa) |
| | TACR1 | Substance-P receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P. It is probably associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance P > substance K > neuromedin-K; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (407 aa) |
| | NTSR2 | Neurotensin receptor type 2; Receptor for the tridecapeptide neurotensin. It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (410 aa) |
| | PROKR1 | Prokineticin receptor 1; Receptor for prokineticin 1. Exclusively coupled to the G(q) subclass of heteromeric G proteins. Activation leads to mobilization of calcium, stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover and activation of p44/p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. May play a role during early pregnancy. (393 aa) |
| | NMUR1 | Neuromedin-U receptor 1; Receptor for the neuromedin-U and neuromedin-S neuropeptides. (426 aa) |
| | GPR37 | Prosaposin receptor GPR37; Receptor for the neuroprotective and glioprotective factor prosaposin. Ligand binding induces endocytosis, followed by an ERK phosphorylation cascade; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (613 aa) |
| | NPFFR2 | Neuropeptide FF receptor 2; Receptor for NPAF (A-18-F-amide) and NPFF (F-8-F-amide) neuropeptides, also known as morphine-modulating peptides. Can also be activated by a variety of naturally occurring or synthetic FMRF-amide like ligands. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (522 aa) |
| | LEP | Leptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal me [...] (167 aa) |
| | MBOAT4 | Ghrelin O-acyltransferase; Mediates the octanoylation of ghrelin at 'Ser-3'. Can use a variety of fatty acids as substrates including octanoic acid, decanoic acid and tetradecanoic acid; Belongs to the membrane-bound acyltransferase family. (435 aa) |
| | EDNRA | Endothelin-1 receptor; Receptor for endothelin-1. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of binding affinities for ET-A is: ET1 > ET2 >> ET3. (427 aa) |
| | TAC1 | C-terminal-flanking peptide; Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. (129 aa) |
| | UTS2R | Urotensin-2 receptor; High affinity receptor for urotensin-2 and urotensin-2B. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G-protein that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (389 aa) |
| | OXTR | Oxytocin receptor; Receptor for oxytocin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (389 aa) |
| | VIPR1 | Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1; This is a receptor for VIP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. The affinity is VIP = PACAP-27 > PACAP-38. (457 aa) |
| | GALR2 | Galanin receptor type 2; Receptor for the hormone galanin and GALP. Receptor for the hormone spexin-1. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that activate the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via G(q)) and that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (via G(i)). (387 aa) |
| | NPBWR1 | Neuropeptides B/W receptor type 1; Interacts specifically with a number of opioid ligands. Receptor for neuropeptides B and W, which may be involved in neuroendocrine system regulation, food intake and the organization of other signals. Has a higher affinity for neuropeptide B. (328 aa) |
| | GAST | Big gastrin; Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes. It also stimulates smooth muscle contraction and increases blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine. (101 aa) |
| | CALCA | Calcitonin; Calcitonin causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in blood by promoting the incorporation of those ions in the bones. (141 aa) |
| | PMCH | Neuropeptide-glutamic acid-isoleucine; MCH may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in a broad array of neuronal functions directed toward the regulation of goal-directed behavior, such as food intake, and general arousal. May also have a role in spermatocyte differentiation; Belongs to the melanin-concentrating hormone family. (165 aa) |
| | NPY2R | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 2; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The rank order of affinity of this receptor for pancreatic polypeptides is PYY > NPY > PYY (3-36) > NPY (2-36) > [Ile-31, Gln-34] PP > [Leu-31, Pro-34] NPY > PP, [Pro-34] PYY and NPY free acid. (381 aa) |
| | NPB | Neuropeptide B-23; May be involved in the regulation of feeding, neuroendocrine system, memory, learning and in the afferent pain pathway. (125 aa) |
| | MC2R | Adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor; Receptor for corticotropin (ACTH). This receptor is mediated by G proteins (G(s)) which activate adenylate cyclase (cAMP). Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (297 aa) |
| | TAC4 | Endokinin-A/B; Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles. Endokinin-A induces thermal hyperalgesia and pain-related behavior such as scratching following intrathecal administration in rats. These effects are suppressed by treatment with endokinin-C. Endokinin-A/B reduces arterial blood pressure and increases sperm motility. (113 aa) |
| | GHRL | Appetite-regulating hormone; Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation. (117 aa) |
| | EDN3 | Endothelin-3; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. (238 aa) |
| | UTS2B | Urotensin-2B; Potent vasoconstrictor; Belongs to the urotensin-2 family. (119 aa) |
| | OR13H1 | Olfactory receptor 13H1; Odorant receptor; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (308 aa) |
| | CRHR2 | Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 2; G-protein coupled receptor for CRH (corticotropin-releasing factor), UCN (urocortin), UCN2 and UCN3. Has high affinity for UCN. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes the activation of adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels. (438 aa) |
| | GALP | Galanin-like peptide; [Isoform 1]: Hypothalamic neuropeptide which binds to the G- protein-coupled galanin receptors (GALR1, GALR2 and GALR3). Involved in a large number of putative physiological functions in CNS homeostatic processes, including the regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion. (116 aa) |
| | CGB3 | Chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 3. (165 aa) |
| | GIP | Gastric inhibitory polypeptide; Potent stimulator of insulin secretion and relatively poor inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. (153 aa) |
| | SSTR2 | Somatostatin receptor type 2; Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 [...] (369 aa) |
| | CALCR | Calcitonin receptor; This is a receptor for calcitonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. The calcitonin receptor is thought to couple to the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein that is sensitive to cholera toxin; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. (508 aa) |
| | PYY | Peptide YY(3-36); This gut peptide inhibits exocrine pancreatic secretion, has a vasoconstrictory action and inhibitis jejunal and colonic mobility. (97 aa) |
| | NPY1R | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 1; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The rank order of affinity of this receptor for pancreatic polypeptides is NPY > [Pro-34] PYY, PYY and [Leu-31, Pro-34] NPY > NPY (2-36) > [Ile-31, Gln-34] PP and PYY (3-36) > PP > NPY free acid. (384 aa) |
| | AGT | Angiotensin 1-4; Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. [Angiotensin-3]: stimulates aldosterone release. (485 aa) |
| | AVPR1B | Vasopressin V1b receptor; Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidyl- inositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (424 aa) |
| | KISS1 | Metastasis-suppressor KiSS-1; Metastasis suppressor protein in malignant melanomas and in some breast cancers. May regulate events downstream of cell-matrix adhesion, perhaps involving cytoskeletal reorganization. Generates a C- terminally amidated peptide, metastin which functions as the endogenous ligand of the G-protein coupled receptor GPR54. Activation of the receptor inhibits cell proliferation and cell migration, key characteristics of tumor metastasis. Kp-10 is a decapeptide derived from the primary translation product, isolated in conditioned medium of first trimester trophobl [...] (138 aa) |
| | VIP | Vasoactive intestinal peptide; VIP causes vasodilation, lowers arterial blood pressure, stimulates myocardial contractility, increases glycogenolysis and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. (170 aa) |
| | GPR37L1 | G-protein coupled receptor 37-like 1; G-protein coupled receptor. Has been shown to bind the neuroprotective and glioprotective factor prosaposin (PSAP), leading to endocytosis followed by an ERK phosphorylation cascade. However, other studies have shown that prosaposin does not increase activity. It has been suggested that GPR37L1 is a constitutively active receptor which signals through the guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha. Participates in the regulation of postnatal cerebellar development by modulating the Shh pathway (By similarity). Regulates baseline blood pr [...] (481 aa) |
| | NPBWR2 | Neuropeptides B/W receptor type 2; Interacts specifically with a number of opioid ligands. Receptor for neuropeptides B and W, which may be involved in neuroendocrine system regulation, food intake and the organization of other signals; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (333 aa) |
| | NTSR1 | Neurotensin receptor type 1; G-protein coupled receptor for the tridecapeptide neurotensin (NTS). Signaling is effected via G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Signaling leads to the activation of downstream MAP kinases and protects cells against apoptosis. (418 aa) |
| | BRS3 | Bombesin receptor subtype-3; Role in sperm cell division, maturation, or function. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (399 aa) |
| | GNAS | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers in numerous signaling pathways controlled by G protein- coupled receptors (GPCRs). Signaling involves the activation of adenylyl cyclases, resulting in increased levels of the signaling molecule cAMP. GNAS functions downstream of several GPCRs, including beta-adrenergic receptors. XLas isoforms interact with the same set of receptors as GNAS isoforms (By similarity). (1037 aa) |
| | NSMF | NMDA receptor synaptonuclear signaling and neuronal migration factor; Couples NMDA-sensitive glutamate receptor signaling to the nucleus and triggers long-lasting changes in the cytoarchitecture of dendrites and spine synapse processes. Part of the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) shut-off signaling pathway. Stimulates outgrowth of olfactory axons and migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) neuronal cells; Belongs to the NSMF family. (530 aa) |
| | AGTR2 | Type-2 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Cooperates with MTUS1 to inhibit ERK2 activation and cell proliferation. (363 aa) |
| | EDN2 | Endothelin-2; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. (178 aa) |
| | GLP1R | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP- 1). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1 (By similarity). (463 aa) |
| | TACR2 | Substance-K receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance K (neurokinin A). It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance K > neuromedin-K > substance P. (398 aa) |
| | NPY4R | Neuropeptide Y receptor Y4. (375 aa) |
| | ECE1 | Endothelin-converting enzyme 1; Converts big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1. Belongs to the peptidase M13 family. (770 aa) |
| | NMS | Neuromedin-S; Implicated in the regulation of circadian rhythms through autocrine and/or paracrine actions; Belongs to the NmU family. (153 aa) |
| | MAS1L | Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor MRG; MAS1 proto-oncogene like, G protein-coupled receptor. (378 aa) |
| | EDNRB | Endothelin receptor type B; Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Endothelin receptor subfamily. EDNRB sub-subfamily. (532 aa) |
| | EDN1 | Big endothelin-1; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides (By similarity). Probable ligand for G-protein coupled receptors EDNRA and EDNRB which activates PTK2B, BCAR1, BCAR3 and, GTPases RAP1 and RHOA cascade in glomerular mesangial cells. Belongs to the endothelin/sarafotoxin family. (212 aa) |
| | GRPR | Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor; Receptor for gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP). Signals via association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system, resulting in Akt phosphorylation. Contributes to the regulation of food intake. Contributes to the perception of prurient stimuli and transmission of itch signals in the spinal cord that promote scratching behavior, but does not play a role in the perception of pain. Contributes primarily to nonhistaminergic itch sensation. Contributes to long-term fear memory, but not normal spatial memory (By si [...] (384 aa) |
| | AVP | Vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin; Neurophysin 2 specifically binds vasopressin. (164 aa) |
| | UCN3 | Urocortin-3; Suppresses food intake, delays gastric emptying and decreases heat-induced edema. Might represent an endogenous ligand for maintaining homeostasis after stress. (161 aa) |
| | NPSR1 | Neuropeptide S receptor; G-protein coupled receptor for neuropeptide S (NPS). Promotes mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Inhibits cell growth in response to NPS binding. Involved in pathogenesis of asthma and other IgE- mediated diseases. (390 aa) |
| | LGALS16 | Galectin-16; Binds lactose with high affinity. Strong inducer of T-cell apoptosis. (142 aa) |
| | CALCRL | Calcitonin gene-related peptide type 1 receptor; Receptor for calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) together with RAMP1 and receptor for adrenomedullin together with RAMP3 (By similarity). Receptor for adrenomedullin together with RAMP2. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. (461 aa) |
| | QRFPR | Pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide receptor; Receptor for the orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that modulate adenylate cyclase activity and intracellular calcium levels. (431 aa) |
| | NMB | Neuromedin-B-32; Stimulates smooth muscle contraction in a manner similar to that of bombesin; Belongs to the bombesin/neuromedin-B/ranatensin family. (154 aa) |
| | PSAP | Saposin-B-Val; Saposin-A and saposin-C stimulate the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide by beta-glucosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.45) and galactosylceramide by beta-galactosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.46). Saposin- C apparently acts by combining with the enzyme and acidic lipid to form an activated complex, rather than by solubilizing the substrate. Saposin-D is a specific sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase activator (EC 3.1.4.12). Saposins are specific low-molecular mass non-enzymic proteins, they participate in the lysosomal degradation of sphingolipids, which takes place by the sequential action of [...] (524 aa) |
| | ADM2 | Adrenomedullin-2; [Adrenomedullin-2]: May play a role as physiological regulators of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular bioactivities mediated by the CALCRL/RAMPs receptor complexes. Activates the cAMP-dependent pathway. (148 aa) |
| | CCK | Cholecystokinin-58 desnonopeptide; This peptide hormone induces gall bladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes in the gut. Its function in the brain is not clear. Binding to CCK-A receptors stimulates amylase release from the pancreas, binding to CCK-B receptors stimulates gastric acid secretion. (115 aa) |
| | NPS | Neuropeptide S; Modulates arousal and anxiety. May play an important anorexigenic role (By similarity). Binds to its receptor NPSR1 with nanomolar affinity to increase intracellular calcium concentrations. (89 aa) |
| | CRHR1 | Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for CRH (corticotropin-releasing factor) and UCN (urocortin). Has high affinity for CRH and UCN. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes the activation of adenylate cyclase, leading to increased intracellular cAMP levels. Inhibits the activity of the calcium channel CACNA1H. Required for normal embryonic development of the adrenal gland and for normal hormonal responses to st [...] (444 aa) |
| | MRAP | Melanocortin-2 receptor accessory protein; Modulator of melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R and MC5R). Acts by increasing ligand-sensitivity of melanocortin receptors and enhancing generation of cAMP by the receptors. Required both for MC2R trafficking to the cell surface of adrenal cells and for signaling in response to corticotropin (ACTH). May be involved in the intracellular trafficking pathways in adipocyte cells. (172 aa) |
| | GCGR | Glucagon receptor; G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon that plays a central role in the regulation of blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis. Regulates the rate of hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen hydrolysis and gluconeogenesis. Plays an important role in mediating the responses to fasting. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes activation of adenylate cyclase. Besides, plays a role in signal [...] (477 aa) |
| | POMC | Corticotropin-like intermediary peptide; [Corticotropin]: Stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol. [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone beta]: Increases the pigmentation of skin by increasing melanin production in melanocytes. [Met-enkephalin]: Endogenous opiate; Belongs to the POMC family. (267 aa) |
| | ECE2-2 | EEF1AKMT4-ECE2 readthrough transcript protein; Converts big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1. May also have methyltransferase activity (By similarity). May play a role in amyloid- beta processing (By similarity); In the C-terminal section; belongs to the peptidase M13 family. (883 aa) |
| | NPY | C-flanking peptide of NPY; NPY is implicated in the control of feeding and in secretion of gonadotrophin-release hormone; Belongs to the NPY family. (97 aa) |
| | HCRTR1 | Orexin receptor type 1; Moderately selective excitatory receptor for orexin-A and, with a lower affinity, for orexin-B neuropeptide. Triggers an increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in response to orexin-A binding. (425 aa) |
| | FSHR | Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor; G protein-coupled receptor for follitropin, the follicle- stimulating hormone. Through cAMP production activates the downstream PI3K-AKT and ERK1/ERK2 signaling pathways. (695 aa) |
| | GCG | Glicentin-related polypeptide; Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, fro [...] (180 aa) |
| | MLN | Motilin-associated peptide; Plays an important role in the regulation of interdigestive gastrointestinal motility and indirectly causes rhythmic contraction of duodenal and colonic smooth muscle. (115 aa) |
| | APLN | Apelin-13; Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early co [...] (77 aa) |
| | OPRM1 | Mu-type opioid receptor; Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell typ [...] (493 aa) |
| | AGTR1 | Type-1 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. (394 aa) |
| | PENK | Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu; Met- and Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress. PENK(114-133) and PENK(237-258) increase glutamate release in the striatum. PENK(114-133) decreases GABA concentration in the striatum; Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family. (267 aa) |
| | PTH1R | Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor; Receptor for parathyroid hormone and for parathyroid hormone- related peptide. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase and also a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (593 aa) |
| | CGB8 | Chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 8. (165 aa) |
| | OXR1 | Oxidation resistance protein 1; May be involved in protection from oxidative damage. (874 aa) |
| | FSHB | Follitropin subunit beta; Together with the alpha chain CGA constitutes follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone, and provides its biological specificity to the hormone heterodimer. Binds FSHR, a G protein-coupled receptor, on target cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. Follitropin is involved in follicle development and spermatogenesis in reproductive organs. Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family. (129 aa) |
| | PTK7 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7; Inactive tyrosine kinase involved in Wnt signaling pathway. Component of both the non-canonical (also known as the Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling) and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Functions in cell adhesion, cell migration, cell polarity, proliferation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis. Has a role in embryogenesis, epithelial tissue organization and angiogenesis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. (1078 aa) |
| | NPY5R | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 5; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Seems to be associated with food intake. Could be involved in feeding disorders. (445 aa) |
| | TRPC7 | Short transient receptor potential channel 7; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) (By similarity). May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (862 aa) |
| | PTH | Parathyroid hormone; PTH elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion. Stimulates [1-14C]-2-deoxy-D- glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblastic cells. (115 aa) |
| | CALCB | Calcitonin gene-related peptide 2; CGRP induces vasodilation. It dilates a variety of vessels including the coronary, cerebral and systemic vasculature. Its abundance in the CNS also points toward a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator role; Belongs to the calcitonin family. (127 aa) |
| | CCKBR | Gastrin/cholecystokinin type B receptor; Receptor for gastrin and cholecystokinin. The CCK-B receptors occur throughout the central nervous system where they modulate anxiety, analgesia, arousal, and neuroleptic activity. This receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (516 aa) |
| | ADM | Proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide; AM and PAMP are potent hypotensive and vasodilatator agents. Numerous actions have been reported most related to the physiologic control of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. In the kidney, am is diuretic and natriuretic, and both am and pamp inhibit aldosterone secretion by direct adrenal actions. In pituitary gland, both peptides at physiologically relevant doses inhibit basal ACTH secretion. Both peptides appear to act in brain and pituitary gland to facilitate the loss of plasma volume, actions which complement their hypotensive effects in b [...] (185 aa) |
| | PDYN | Alpha-neoendorphin; Leu-enkephalins compete with and mimic the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to stress (By similarity). Leumorphin has a typical opiod activity and may have anti- apoptotic effect; Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family. (254 aa) |
| | TSHR | Thyrotropin receptor; Receptor for the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin. Also acts as a receptor for the heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone (GPHA2:GPHB5) or thyrostimulin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism (By similarity); Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. FSH/LSH/TSH subfamily. (764 aa) |
| | PTHLH | Parathyroid hormone-related protein; Neuroendocrine peptide which is a critical regulator of cellular and organ growth, development, migration, differentiation and survival and of epithelial calcium ion transport. Regulates endochondral bone development and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during the formation of the mammary glands and teeth. Required for skeletal homeostasis. Promotes mammary mesenchyme differentiation and bud outgrowth by modulating mesenchymal cell responsiveness to BMPs. Upregulates BMPR1A expression in the mammary mesenchyme and this increases the sensitivity o [...] (177 aa) |
| | BDKRB2 | B2 bradykinin receptor; Receptor for bradykinin. It is associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Bradykinin receptor subfamily. BDKRB2 sub-subfamily. (391 aa) |
| | NPW | Neuropeptide W-23; Plays a regulatory role in the organization of neuroendocrine signals accessing the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates water drinking and food intake. May play a role in the hypothalamic response to stress (By similarity). NPW23 activates GPR7 and GPR8 more efficiently than NPW30. (165 aa) |
| | ADCYAP1 | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 27; Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Promotes neuron projection development through the RAPGEF2/Rap1/B-Raf/ERK pathway. In chromaffin cells, induces long-lasting increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, induces insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13589, ; Belongs to the glucagon family. (176 aa) |
| | PPY | Pancreatic icosapeptide; Pancreatic hormone is synthesized in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions. (95 aa) |
| | GIPR | Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor; This is a receptor for GIP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. (466 aa) |
| | MC5R | Melanocortin receptor 5; Receptor for MSH (alpha, beta and gamma) and ACTH. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. This receptor is a possible mediator of the immunomodulation properties of melanocortins; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (325 aa) |
| | APLNR | Apelin receptor; Receptor for apelin receptor early endogenous ligand (APELA) and apelin (APLN) hormones coupled to G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. Plays a key role in early development such as gastrulation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis by acting as a receptor for APELA hormone (By similarity). May promote angioblast migration toward the embryonic midline, i.e. the position of the future vessel formation, during vasculogenesis (By similarity). Promotes sinus venosus (SV)-derived endothelial cells migration into the developing heart to promote coro [...] (380 aa) |
| | HCRTR2 | Orexin receptor type 2; Nonselective, high-affinity receptor for both orexin-A and orexin-B neuropeptides. Triggers an increase in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in response to orexin-A binding. (444 aa) |
| | GRIP2 | Glutamate receptor-interacting protein 2; May play a role as a localized scaffold for the assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex and as mediator of the trafficking of its binding partners at specific subcellular location in neurons. (1043 aa) |
| | GPHB5 | Glycoprotein hormone beta-5; Functions as a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone with GPHA2 able to bind and activate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), leading to increased cAMP production. Plays a central role in controlling thyroid cell metabolism; Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit beta family. (130 aa) |
| | GPR1 | G-protein coupled receptor 1; Receptor for the inflammation-associated leukocyte chemoattractant chemerin/RARRES2 suggesting a role for this receptor in the regulation of inflammation. Receptor for TAFA1, mediates its effects on neuronal stem-cell proliferation and differentiation via the activation of ROCK/ERK and ROCK/STAT3 signaling pathway (By similarity). (355 aa) |
| | CGA | Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain; Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH, follitropin/follicle stimulating hormone/FSH and choriogonadotropin/CG. These hormones bind specific receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling pathways. (147 aa) |
| | TAC3 | Neurokinin-B; Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract (directly or indirectly) many smooth muscles (By similarity). Is a critical central regulator of gonadal function; Belongs to the tachykinin family. (121 aa) |
| | ADCYAP1R1 | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide type I receptor; This is a receptor for PACAP-27 and PACAP-38. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. May regulate the release of adrenocorticotropin, luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, prolactin, epinephrine, and catecholamine. May play a role in spermatogenesis and sperm motility. Causes smooth muscle relaxation and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract. (496 aa) |
| | APELA | Apelin receptor early endogenous ligand; Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR). Hormone required for mesendodermal differentiation, blood vessels formation and heart morphogenesis during early development and for adult cardiovascular homeostasis. Drives internalization of APLNR. Acts as a motogen by promoting mesendodermal cell migration during gastrulation by binding and activating APLNR. Acts as an early embryonic regulator of cellular movement with a role in migration and development of cardiac progenitor cells. May act as a chemoattractant for the activation of angiobla [...] (54 aa) |
| | QRFP | Orexigenic neuropeptide QRFP; Stimulates feeding behavior, metabolic rate and locomotor activity and increases blood pressure. May have orexigenic activity. May promote aldosterone secretion by the adrenal gland (By similarity). Belongs to the RFamide neuropeptide family. (136 aa) |
| | CRHR1-2 | LINC02210-CRHR1 readthrough. (240 aa) |
| | ATP6AP2 | Renin receptor C-terminal fragment; Multifunctional protein which functions as a renin, prorenin cellular receptor and is involved in the assembly of the proton- transporting vacuolar (V)-ATPase protein pump. May mediate renin-dependent cellular responses by activating ERK1 and ERK2. By increasing the catalytic efficiency of renin in AGT/angiotensinogen conversion to angiotensin I, it may also play a role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Probably by controlling the assembly of the V-ATPase pump and thus the acidification of the endo-lysosomal system, plays a role in many neuronal [...] (350 aa) |
| | NPY4R2 | Neuropeptide Y receptor type 4-2; Receptor for neuropeptide Y and peptide YY. The rank order of affinity of this receptor for pancreatic polypeptides is PP, PP (2-36) and [Ile-31, Gln-34] PP > [Pro-34] PYY > PYY and [Leu-31, Pro-34] NPY > NPY > PYY (3-36) and NPY (2-36) > PP (13-36) > PP (31-36) > NPY free acid. (375 aa) |
| | KNG1 | Low molecular weight growth-promoting factor; (1) Kininogens are inhibitors of thiol proteases; (2) HMW- kininogen plays an important role in blood coagulation by helping to position optimally prekallikrein and factor XI next to factor XII; (3) HMW-kininogen inhibits the thrombin- and plasmin-induced aggregation of thrombocytes; (4) the active peptide bradykinin that is released from HMW-kininogen shows a variety of physiological effects: (4A) influence in smooth muscle contraction, (4B) induction of hypotension, (4C) natriuresis and diuresis, (4D) decrease in blood glucose level, (4E) [...] (644 aa) |
| | AVPR2 | Vasopressin V2 receptor; Receptor for arginine vasopressin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylate cyclase. Involved in renal water reabsorption; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Vasopressin/oxytocin receptor subfamily. (371 aa) |
| | LHB | Lutropin subunit beta; Promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids. (141 aa) |
| | UCP2 | Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2; UCP are mitochondrial transporter proteins that create proton leaks across the inner mitochondrial membrane, thus uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation from ATP synthesis. As a result, energy is dissipated in the form of heat; Belongs to the mitochondrial carrier (TC 2.A.29) family. (309 aa) |
