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ZPBP ZPBP ROPN1 ROPN1 ACR ACR TULP2 TULP2 AKAP3 AKAP3 TNP1 TNP1 SPACA1 SPACA1 PMFBP1 PMFBP1 TSKS TSKS PKDREJ PKDREJ CCDC54 CCDC54 CREM CREM ADAM2 ADAM2 FSCN3 FSCN3 PLCZ1 PLCZ1 SPACA3 SPACA3 CALR3 CALR3 CCDC83 CCDC83 ODF1 ODF1 C9orf43 C9orf43 CIB4 CIB4 RHPN1 RHPN1 SPATC1L SPATC1L TMEM190 TMEM190 KLHL10 KLHL10 IZUMO2 IZUMO2 DCST1 DCST1 PRSS37 PRSS37 SSMEM1 SSMEM1 C12orf50 C12orf50 SPATA19 SPATA19 CCDC182 CCDC182 PDILT PDILT SPACA5 SPACA5 IQCF1 IQCF1 C9orf131 C9orf131 FAM170B FAM170B PRM1 PRM1 SPESP1 SPESP1 SPACA4 SPACA4 SPEM1 SPEM1 DPY19L2 DPY19L2 TMEM270 TMEM270 TPPP2 TPPP2 C12orf40 C12orf40 CDPF1 CDPF1 PRM3 PRM3 TNP2 TNP2 ODF3 ODF3 FHL5 FHL5 FAM71F1 FAM71F1 TMCO5A TMCO5A IZUMO1 IZUMO1 ODF4 ODF4 IZUMO1R IZUMO1R WBP2NL WBP2NL PRSS55 PRSS55 RNASE10 RNASE10 GGN GGN TSSK4 TSSK4 ZFAND4 ZFAND4 SPATA16 SPATA16 UBQLN3 UBQLN3 SUN5 SUN5 C12orf29 C12orf29 DDIT4L DDIT4L SHCBP1L SHCBP1L SPATA46 SPATA46 DCST2 DCST2 SMCP SMCP FAM209A FAM209A SPATA6 SPATA6 CT83 CT83 TMCO2 TMCO2 GTSF1L GTSF1L TSSK3 TSSK3 CXorf65 CXorf65 SPAG4 SPAG4 TMEM225 TMEM225 LYZL2 LYZL2 SPATC1 SPATC1 ADAM32 ADAM32 TMEM95 TMEM95 CEP112 CEP112 TSGA10 TSGA10 IZUMO4 IZUMO4 CAPN11 CAPN11 RADIL RADIL TSSK2 TSSK2 MAGEB16 MAGEB16 OAZ3 OAZ3 LLCFC1 LLCFC1 SPATA3 SPATA3 CLGN CLGN C20orf173 C20orf173 PRM2 PRM2 ROPN1L ROPN1L SPINK2 SPINK2 ROPN1B ROPN1B SPA17 SPA17 CCDC187 CCDC187 TSSK6 TSSK6 IZUMO3 IZUMO3 GGNBP2 GGNBP2 ZAN ZAN FAM71D FAM71D CABYR CABYR SPACA6 SPACA6 PMIS2 PMIS2 SPATS1 SPATS1
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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ZPBPZona pellucida-binding protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome compaction and sperm morphogenesis. Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization (By similarity). (351 aa)
ROPN1Ropporin-1A; Important for male fertility. With ROPN1L, involved in fibrous sheath integrity and sperm motility, plays a role in PKA- dependent signaling processes required for spermatozoa capacitation. Belongs to the ropporin family. (212 aa)
ACRAcrosin heavy chain; Acrosin is the major protease of mammalian spermatozoa. It is a serine protease of trypsin-like cleavage specificity, it is synthesized in a zymogen form, proacrosin and stored in the acrosome. (421 aa)
TULP2TUB like protein 2; Belongs to the TUB family. (520 aa)
AKAP3A-kinase anchor protein 3; May function as a regulator of both motility- and head- associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (853 aa)
TNP1Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 1 family. (55 aa)
SPACA1Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome expansion and establishment of normal sperm morphology during spermatogenesis (By similarity). Important for male fertility. (294 aa)
PMFBP1Polyamine-modulated factor 1-binding protein 1; Required for normal spermatogenesis. It functions as a scaffold protein that attaches the sperm head-tail connecting piece to the nuclear envelope, thus maintaining sperm head and tail integrity. May also be involved in the general organization of cellular cytoskeleton (By similarity). (1007 aa)
TSKSTestis-specific serine kinase substrate; May play a role in testicular physiology, most probably in the process of spermatogenesis or spermatid development. (592 aa)
PKDREJPolycystic kidney disease and receptor for egg jelly-related protein; May have a central role in fertilization. May generate a Ca(2+) transporting channel directly involved in initiating the acrosome reaction of the sperm; Belongs to the polycystin family. (2253 aa)
CCDC54Coiled-coil domain containing 54. (328 aa)
CREMcAMP-responsive element modulator; Transcriptional regulator that binds the cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Isoforms are either transcriptional activators or repressors. Plays a role in spermatogenesis and is involved in spermatid maturation. (300 aa)
ADAM2Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. Could have a direct role in sperm-zona binding or migration of sperm from the uterus into the oviduct. Interactions with egg membrane could be mediated via binding between its disintegrin-like domain to one or more integrins receptors on the egg. This is a non catalytic metalloprotease-like protein. (735 aa)
FSCN3Fascin-3; Acts as an actin bundling protein; Belongs to the fascin family. (498 aa)
PLCZ11-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase zeta-1; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. In vitro, hydrolyzes PtdIns(4,5)P2 in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Triggers intracellular Ca(2+) oscillations in oocytes solely during M phase and is involved in inducing oocyte activation and initiating embryonic development up to the blastocyst stage. Is therefore a strong candidate for the egg-activating soluble sperm factor that is t [...] (608 aa)
SPACA3Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 3, processed form; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. It could be a potential receptor for the egg oligosaccharide residue N- acetylglucosamine, which is present in the extracellular matrix over the egg plasma membrane. The processed form has no detectable bacteriolytic activity in vitro. (215 aa)
CALR3Calreticulin-3; During spermatogenesis, may act as a lectin-independent chaperone for specific client proteins such as ADAM3. Required for sperm fertility (By similarity). CALR3 capacity for calcium-binding may be absent or much lower than that of CALR. (384 aa)
CCDC83Coiled-coil domain containing 83. (444 aa)
ODF1Outer dense fiber protein 1; Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa. ODF are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail and may help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. (250 aa)
C9orf43Uncharacterized protein C9orf43; Chromosome 9 open reading frame 43. (461 aa)
CIB4Calcium and integrin binding family member 4. (185 aa)
RHPN1Rhophilin-1; Has no enzymatic activity. May serve as a target for Rho, and interact with some cytoskeletal component upon Rho binding or relay a Rho signal to other molecules; Belongs to the RHPN family. (670 aa)
SPATC1LSperiolin-like protein; Spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1 like. (340 aa)
TMEM190Transmembrane protein 190. (177 aa)
KLHL10Kelch-like protein 10; May be a substrate-specific adapter of a CUL3-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins during spermatogenesis. (608 aa)
IZUMO2Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 2; IZUMO family member 2. (221 aa)
DCST1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase DCST1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which mediates 'Lys-48'-linked ubiquitination of STAT2 and induces its proteosomal degradation thereby negatively regulating type-I-interferon signaling. (706 aa)
PRSS37Probable inactive serine protease 37; Plays a role in male fertility (By similarity). May have a role in sperm migration or binding to zona-intact eggs (By similarity). Involved in the activation of the proacrosin/acrosin system ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (235 aa)
SSMEM1Serine rich single-pass membrane protein 1. (244 aa)
C12orf50Uncharacterized protein C12orf50; Chromosome 12 open reading frame 50. (414 aa)
SPATA19Spermatogenesis-associated protein 19, mitochondrial; May have a role in spermiogenesis. (167 aa)
CCDC182Coiled-coil domain containing 182. (153 aa)
PDILTProtein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis; Probable redox-inactive chaperone involved in spermatogenesis; Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. (584 aa)
SPACA5Sperm acrosome associated 5. (159 aa)
IQCF1IQ domain-containing protein F1; Involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. (205 aa)
C9orf131Uncharacterized protein C9orf131; Chromosome 9 open reading frame 131. (1079 aa)
FAM170BProtein FAM170B; Plays a role in fertilization through the acrosome reaction. Belongs to the FAM170 family. (283 aa)
PRM1Sperm protamine P1; Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex. (51 aa)
SPESP1Sperm equatorial segment protein 1; Involved in fertilization ability of sperm. Belongs to the SPESP1 family. (350 aa)
SPACA4Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 4; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. (124 aa)
SPEM1Spermatid maturation protein 1; Required for proper cytoplasm removal during spermatogenesis. (309 aa)
DPY19L2Probable C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L2; Probable C-mannosyltransferase that mediates C-mannosylation of tryptophan residues on target proteins (By similarity). Required during spermatogenesis for sperm head elongation and acrosome formation; Belongs to the dpy-19 family. (758 aa)
TMEM270Transmembrane protein 270. (265 aa)
TPPP2Tubulin polymerization-promoting protein family member 2; Probable regulator of microtubule dynamics required for sperm motility (Probable). In contrast to other members of the family, has no microtubule bundling activity. (170 aa)
C12orf40Uncharacterized protein C12orf40; Chromosome 12 open reading frame 40. (652 aa)
CDPF1Cysteine rich DPF motif domain containing 1. (123 aa)
PRM3Protamine-3; Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex (By similarity). (103 aa)
TNP2Nuclear transition protein 2; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. (138 aa)
ODF3Outer dense fiber protein 3; Outer dense fibers are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail. May help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. (254 aa)
FHL5Four and a half LIM domains protein 5; May be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Stimulates CREM transcriptional activity in a phosphorylation- independent manner. (284 aa)
FAM71F1Protein FAM71F1; Family with sequence similarity 71 member F1. (344 aa)
TMCO5ATransmembrane and coiled-coil domains 5A; Belongs to the TMCO5 family. (288 aa)
IZUMO1Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1; Essential sperm cell-surface protein required for fertilization by acting as a ligand for IZUMO1R/JUNO receptor on egg. The IZUMO1:IZUMO1R/JUNO interaction is a necessary adhesion event between sperm and egg that is required for fertilization but is not sufficient for cell fusion. The ligand- receptor interaction probably does not act as a membrane 'fusogen'. (350 aa)
ODF4Outer dense fiber protein 4; Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa which could be involved in sperm tail structure, sperm movement and general organization of cellular cytoskeleton. (257 aa)
IZUMO1RSperm-egg fusion protein Juno; Receptor for IZUMO1 present at the cell surface of oocytes (oolemma), which is essential for species-specific gamete recognition and fertilization. The IZUMO1:IZUMO1R/JUNO interaction is a necessary adhesion event between sperm and egg that is required for fertilization but is not sufficient for cell fusion. The ligand-receptor interaction probably does not act as a membrane 'fusogen'. Does not bind folate. (250 aa)
WBP2NLPostacrosomal sheath WW domain-binding protein; May play a role in meotic resumption and pronuclear formation, mediated by a WW domain-signaling pathway during fertilization. (309 aa)
PRSS55Serine protease 55; Probable serine protease. (352 aa)
RNASE10Inactive ribonuclease-like protein 10; Secreted proximal epididymal protein required for post- testicular sperm maturation and male fertility. May be involved in sperm adhesion to the egg zona pellucida. Does not have ribonuclease activity (By similarity). (216 aa)
GGNGametogenetin; May be involved in spermatogenesis. (652 aa)
TSSK4Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 4; Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in male germ cell development and in mature sperm function (By similarity). May be involved in the Cre/Creb signaling pathway (By similarity). Phosphorylates CREB1 on 'Ser-133' in vitro and can stimulate Cre/Creb pathway in cells. Phosphorylates CREM on 'Ser-116' in vitro (By similarity). Phosphorylates ODF2 on 'Ser-95' (By similarity). Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (338 aa)
ZFAND4Zinc finger AN1-type containing 4. (727 aa)
SPATA16Spermatogenesis-associated protein 16; Involved in the formation of sperm acrosome, which implicated its potential role in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg fusion. (569 aa)
UBQLN3Ubiquilin-3; Ubiquilin 3. (655 aa)
SUN5SUN domain-containing protein 5; Plays an essential role in anchoring sperm head to the tail. Is responsible for the attachment of the coupling apparatus to the sperm nuclear envelope. (379 aa)
C12orf29Uncharacterized protein C12orf29; Chromosome 12 open reading frame 29. (325 aa)
DDIT4LDNA damage-inducible transcript 4-like protein; Inhibits cell growth by regulating the TOR signaling pathway upstream of the TSC1-TSC2 complex and downstream of AKT1. (193 aa)
SHCBP1LTesticular spindle-associated protein SHCBP1L; Testis-specific spindle-associated factor that plays a role in spermatogenesis. In association with HSPA2, participates in the maintenance of spindle integrity during meiosis in male germ cells. (653 aa)
SPATA46Spermatogenesis-associated protein 46; Plays a role in spermiogenesis and fertilization. (261 aa)
DCST2DC-STAMP domain containing 2. (773 aa)
SMCPSperm mitochondrial-associated cysteine-rich protein; Involved in sperm motility. Its absence is associated with genetic background dependent male infertility. Infertility may be due to reduced sperm motility in the female reproductive tract and inability to penetrate the oocyte zona pellucida (By similarity). (116 aa)
FAM209AProtein FAM209A; Family with sequence similarity 209 member A. (171 aa)
SPATA6Spermatogenesis-associated protein 6; Required for formation of the sperm connecting piece during spermiogenesis. Sperm connecting piece is essential for linking the developing flagellum to the head during late spermiogenesis. May be involved in myosin-based microfilament transport through interaction with myosin subunits; Belongs to the SPATA6 family. (488 aa)
CT83Kita-kyushu lung cancer antigen 1; Cancer/testis antigen 83. (113 aa)
TMCO2Transmembrane and coiled-coil domains 2. (182 aa)
GTSF1LGametocyte-specific factor 1-like; Gametocyte specific factor 1 like. (148 aa)
TSSK3Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 3; May be involved in a signaling pathway during male germ cell development or mature sperm function; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (268 aa)
CXorf65Uncharacterized protein CXorf65; Chromosome X open reading frame 65. (183 aa)
SPAG4Sperm-associated antigen 4 protein; Involved in spermatogenesis. Required for sperm head formation but not required to establish and maintain general polarity of the sperm head. Required for anchoring and organization of the manchette. Required for targeting of SUN3 and probably SYNE1 through a probable SUN1:SYNE3 LINC complex to the nuclear envelope and involved in accurate posterior sperm head localization of the complex. May anchor SUN3 the nuclear envelope. Involved in maintenance of the nuclear envelope integrity. May assist the organization and assembly of outer dense fibers (ODF [...] (437 aa)
TMEM225Transmembrane protein 225; Probably inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in sperm via binding to catalytic subunit PPP1CC. (225 aa)
LYZL2Lysozyme-like protein 2; Lysozyme like 2. (194 aa)
SPATC1Speriolin; Spermatogenesis and centriole associated 1; Belongs to the speriolin family. (591 aa)
ADAM32Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 32; May play a role in sperm development and fertilization This is a non-catalytic metalloprotease-like protein. (787 aa)
TMEM95Transmembrane protein 95. (203 aa)
CEP112Centrosomal protein 112. (955 aa)
TSGA10Testis-specific gene 10 protein; Plays a role in spermatogenesis. When overexpressed, prevents nuclear localization of HIF1A (By similarity). Belongs to the CEP135/TSGA10 family. (698 aa)
IZUMO4Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 4; IZUMO family member 4; Belongs to the Izumo family. (232 aa)
CAPN11Calpain-11; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction; Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. (739 aa)
RADILRas-associating and dilute domain-containing protein; Downstream effector of Rap required for cell adhesion and migration of neural crest precursors during development. Belongs to the RADIL family. (1075 aa)
TSSK2Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase required during spermatid development. Phosphorylates TSKS at 'Ser-288' and SPAG16. Involved in the late stages of spermatogenesis, during the reconstruction of the cytoplasm. During spermatogenesis, required for the transformation of a ring-shaped structure around the base of the flagellum originating from the chromatoid body. (358 aa)
MAGEB16Melanoma-associated antigen B16; MAGE family member B16. (324 aa)
OAZ3Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3; Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme protein that negatively regulates ODC activity and intracellular polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in response to increased intracellular polyamine levels. Binds to ODC monomers, inhibiting the assembly of the functional ODC homodimers. Does not target the ODC monomers for degradation, which allows a protein synthesis-independent restoration of ODC activity. Stabilizes AZIN2 by interfering with its ubiquitination. Involved in the translocation of AZNI2 from ER- Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the cytos [...] (235 aa)
LLCFC1LLLL and CFNLAS motif containing 1. (147 aa)
SPATA3Spermatogenesis-associated protein 3; Spermatogenesis associated 3. (192 aa)
CLGNCalmegin; Functions during spermatogenesis as a chaperone for a range of client proteins that are important for sperm adhesion onto the egg zona pellucida and for subsequent penetration of the zona pellucida. Required for normal sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct. Required for normal male fertility. Binds calcium ions (By similarity). (610 aa)
C20orf173Uncharacterized protein C20orf173; Chromosome 20 open reading frame 173. (202 aa)
PRM2Basic nuclear protein HPI1; Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis. They compact sperm DNA into a highly condensed, stable and inactive complex. (140 aa)
ROPN1LRopporin-1-like protein; Important for male fertility. With ROPN1, involved in fibrous sheath integrity and sperm motility, plays a role in PKA-dependent signaling processes required for spermatozoa capacitation. (230 aa)
SPINK2Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 2. (134 aa)
ROPN1BRopporin-1B; Important for male fertility. With ROPN1L, involved in fibrous sheath integrity and sperm motility, plays a role in PKA- dependent signaling processes required for spermatozoa capacitation. Belongs to the ropporin family. (212 aa)
SPA17Sperm surface protein Sp17; Sperm surface zona pellucida binding protein. Helps to bind spermatozoa to the zona pellucida with high affinity. Might function in binding zona pellucida and carbohydrates (By similarity). (151 aa)
CCDC187Coiled-coil domain containing 187. (965 aa)
TSSK6Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 6; Required for sperm production and function. Plays a role in DNA condensation during postmeiotic chromatin remodeling (By similarity). (273 aa)
IZUMO3Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 3; IZUMO family member 3. (233 aa)
GGNBP2Gametogenetin-binding protein 2; May be involved in spermatogenesis. (697 aa)
ZANZonadhesin; Binds in a species-specific manner to the zona pellucida of the egg. May be involved in gamete recognition and/or signaling. (2812 aa)
FAM71DProtein FAM71D; Family with sequence similarity 71 member D. (422 aa)
CABYRCalcium-binding tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated protein; May function as a regulator of both motility- and head- associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. Isoform 1 binds calcium in vitro. Isoform 2 and isoform 6 probably bind calcium. Isoform 3 and isoform 5 do not bind calcium in vitro. Isoform 4 probably does not bind calcium. (493 aa)
SPACA6Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 6; Sperm protein potentially involved sperm-egg fusion. (324 aa)
PMIS2Transmembrane protein PMIS2; May play a role in spermatozoa mobility. Belongs to the CD225/Dispanin family. (150 aa)
SPATS1Spermatogenesis-associated serine-rich protein 1; Spermatogenesis associated serine rich 1. (300 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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