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PKP2 PKP2 KCNQ1 KCNQ1 SLC6A2 SLC6A2 RANGRF RANGRF NUP155 NUP155 KCNJ2 KCNJ2 KCNA5 KCNA5 TRPM4 TRPM4 TRIM21 TRIM21 ABCC9 ABCC9 CASQ2 CASQ2 HCN4 HCN4 KCNH2 KCNH2 CACNA1C CACNA1C SCN2B SCN2B GPD1L GPD1L PRKAG2 PRKAG2 KCNE2 KCNE2 ACE ACE CALM3 CALM3 TBX5 TBX5 KCNE3 KCNE3 KCND3 KCND3 CACNB2 CACNB2 SCN4B SCN4B NKX2-5 NKX2-5 SCN5A SCN5A TRDN TRDN TNNI3 TNNI3 MYL4 MYL4 CACNA2D1 CACNA2D1 NR3C2 NR3C2 RYR1 RYR1 RYR2 RYR2 LPGAT1 LPGAT1 RO60 RO60 LMNA LMNA KCNE5 KCNE5 NPPB NPPB NPPA NPPA FKBP1B FKBP1B TECRL TECRL SCN3B SCN3B KCNE1 KCNE1 MYH6 MYH6 SCN9A SCN9A SSB SSB SCN1B SCN1B GJA5 GJA5 ZFHX3 ZFHX3 PITX2 PITX2 SLMAP SLMAP KCNJ8 KCNJ8 CALM1 CALM1 CALM2 CALM2
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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from curated databases
experimentally determined
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gene neighborhood
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PKP2Plakophilin-2; May play a role in junctional plaques. (881 aa)
KCNQ1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1; Potassium channel that plays an important role in a number of tissues, including heart, inner ear, stomach and colon (By similarity). Associates with KCNE beta subunits that modulates current kinetics (By similarity). Induces a voltage-dependent by rapidly activating and slowly deactivating potassium-selective outward current (By similarity). Promotes also a delayed voltage activated potassium current showing outward rectification characteristic (By similarity). During beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation participates in cardiac r [...] (676 aa)
SLC6A2Sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter; Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A2 subfamily. (628 aa)
RANGRFRan guanine nucleotide release factor; May regulate the intracellular trafficking of RAN. Promotes guanine nucleotide release from RAN and inhibits binding of new GTP by preventing the binding of the RAN guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1. Regulates the levels of GTP-bound RAN in the nucleus, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of RAN-dependent mitotic spindle dynamics. Enhances the expression of SCN5A at the cell membrane in cardiomyocytes. Belongs to the MOG1 family. (186 aa)
NUP155Nuclear pore complex protein Nup155; Essential component of nuclear pore complex. Could be essessential for embryogenesis. Nucleoporins may be involved both in binding and translocating proteins during nucleocytoplasmic transport. (1391 aa)
KCNJ2Inward rectifier potassium channel 2; Probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be bl [...] (427 aa)
KCNA5Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (613 aa)
TRPM4Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4; Calcium-activated non selective (CAN) cation channel that mediates membrane depolarization. While it is activated by increase in intracellular Ca(2+), it is impermeable to it. Mediates transport of monovalent cations (Na(+) > K(+) > Cs(+) > Li(+)), leading to depolarize the membrane. It thereby plays a central role in cadiomyocytes, neurons from entorhinal cortex, dorsal root and vomeronasal neurons, endocrine pancreas cells, kidney epithelial cells, cochlea hair cells etc. Participates in T-cell activation by modulating [...] (1214 aa)
TRIM21E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM21; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase whose activity is dependent on E2 enzymes, UBE2D1, UBE2D2, UBE2E1 and UBE2E2. Forms a ubiquitin ligase complex in cooperation with the E2 UBE2D2 that is used not only for the ubiquitination of USP4 and IKBKB but also for its self-ubiquitination. Component of cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes such as SCF(SKP2)-like complexes. A TRIM21-containing SCF(SKP2)-like complex is shown to mediate ubiquitination of CDKN1B ('Thr-187' phosphorylated-form), thereby promoting its degrad [...] (475 aa)
ABCC9ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9; Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KCNJ11. KCNJ11 forms the channel pore while ABCC9 is required for activation and regulation. Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily. (1549 aa)
CASQ2Calsequestrin-2; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, especially at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 60 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR2; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and in regulating the rate of heart beats. (399 aa)
HCN4Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4; Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel with very slow activation and inactivation exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) that regulate the rhythm of heart beat. May contribute to the native pacemaker currents in neurons (Ih). May mediate responses to sour stimuli. (1203 aa)
KCNH2Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). [Isoform B-USO]: Has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin- dependent degradation. (1159 aa)
CACNA1CVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C; Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via [...] (2186 aa)
SCN2BSodium channel subunit beta-2; Crucial in the assembly, expression, and functional modulation of the heterotrimeric complex of the sodium channel. The subunit beta-2 causes an increase in the plasma membrane surface area and in its folding into microvilli. Interacts with TNR may play a crucial role in clustering and regulation of activity of sodium channels at nodes of Ranvier (By similarity); Belongs to the sodium channel auxiliary subunit SCN2B (TC 8.A.17) family. (215 aa)
GPD1LGlycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-like protein; Plays a role in regulating cardiac sodium current; decreased enzymatic activity with resulting increased levels of glycerol 3- phosphate activating the DPD1L-dependent SCN5A phosphorylation pathway, may ultimately lead to decreased sodium current; cardiac sodium current may also be reduced due to alterations of NAD(H) balance induced by DPD1L; Belongs to the NAD-dependent glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family. (351 aa)
PRKAG25'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2; AMP/ATP-binding subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an energy sensor protein kinase that plays a key role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. In response to reduction of intracellular ATP levels, AMPK activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes: inhibits protein, carbohydrate and lipid biosynthesis, as well as cell growth and proliferation. AMPK acts via direct phosphorylation of metabolic enzymes, and by longer-term effects via phosphorylation of transcription regulators. Also acts as a [...] (569 aa)
KCNE2Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 2; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Associated with KCNH2/HERG is proposed to form the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). May associate with KCNQ2 and/or KCNQ3 and modulate the native M-t [...] (123 aa)
ACEAngiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form; Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI- anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety; Belongs to the peptidase M2 family. (1306 aa)
CALM3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
TBX5T-box transcription factor TBX5; DNA-binding protein that regulates the transcription of several genes and is involved in heart development and limb pattern formation. Binds to the core DNA motif of NPPA promoter. (518 aa)
KCNE3Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Associated with KCNC4/Kv3.4 is proposed to form the subthreshold voltage-gated potassium channel in skeletal muscle and to establish the resting membrane potential (RMP) in muscle cells. Associated with KC [...] (103 aa)
KCND3Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I(To) current in heart and I(Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by interactions with other alpha subunits and with regulatory subunits. Belongs to the potassium channel family. D (Shal) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv4.3/KCND3 sub-subfamily. (655 aa)
CACNB2Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2; The beta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels contributes to the function of the calcium channel by increasing peak calcium current, shifting the voltage dependencies of activation and inactivation, modulating G protein inhibition and controlling the alpha-1 subunit membrane targeting. (660 aa)
SCN4BSodium channel subunit beta-4; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes negative shifts in the voltage dependence of activation of certain alpha sodium channels, but does not affect the voltage dependence of inactivation. Modulates the susceptibility of the sodium channel to inhibition by toxic peptides from spider, scorpion, wasp and sea anemone venom. (228 aa)
NKX2-5Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5; Implicated in commitment to and/or differentiation of the myocardial lineage. Acts as a transcriptional activator of ANF in cooperation with GATA4 (By similarity). Binds to the core DNA motif of NPPA promoter. It is transcriptionally controlled by PBX1 and acts as a transcriptional repressor of CDKN2B (By similarity). It is required for spleen development. (324 aa)
SCN5ASodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels. Belongs to the sodium chann [...] (2016 aa)
TRDNTriadin; Contributes to the regulation of lumenal Ca2+ release via the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channels RYR1 and RYR2, a key step in triggering skeletal and heart muscle contraction. Required for normal organization of the triad junction, where T-tubules and the sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae are in close contact (By similarity). Required for normal skeletal muscle strength. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and in regulating the rate of heart beats. (729 aa)
TNNI3Troponin I, cardiac muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (210 aa)
MYL4Myosin light chain 4; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (197 aa)
CACNA2D1Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Plays an important role in excitation- contraction coupling (By similarity). (1091 aa)
NR3C2Mineralocorticoid receptor; Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (984 aa)
RYR1Ryanodine receptor 1; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules. Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm. Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for nor [...] (5038 aa)
RYR2Ryanodine receptor 2; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development. Belongs to the ryanodine rec [...] (4967 aa)
LPGAT1Acyl-CoA:lysophosphatidylglycerol acyltransferase 1; Lysophosphatidylglycerol (LPG) specific acyltransferase that recognizes various acyl-CoAs and LPGs as substrates but demonstrates a clear preference for long chain saturated fatty acyl-CoAs and oleoyl- CoA as acyl donors. Prefers oleoyl-LPG over palmitoyl-LPG as an acyl receptor and oleoyl-CoA over lauroyl-CoA as an acyl donor. Belongs to the 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase family. (370 aa)
RO6060 kDa SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein; RNA-binding protein that binds to misfolded non-coding RNAs, pre-5S rRNA, and several small cytoplasmic RNA molecules known as Y RNAs. May stabilize some of these RNAs and protect them from degradation. Binds to endogenous Alu retroelements which are induced by type I interferon and stimulate porinflammaotry cytokine secretion. Regulates the expression of Alu retroelements as well as inflammatory genes. Belongs to the Ro 60 kDa family. (538 aa)
LMNAPrelamin-A/C; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. Lamin A and C are present in equal amounts in the lamina of mammals. Plays an important role in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, nuclear membrane and telomere dynamics. Required for normal development of peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle and for muscle satellite cell proliferation. Required for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. A [...] (664 aa)
KCNE5Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory beta subunit 5; Potassium channel ancillary subunit that is essential for generation of some native K(+) currents by virtue of formation of heteromeric ion channel complex with voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel pore-forming alpha subunits. Functions as an inhibitory beta- subunit of the repolarizing cardiac potassium ion channel KCNQ1. (142 aa)
NPPBBrain natriuretic peptide 32; Cardiac hormone which may function as a paracrine antifibrotic factor in the heart. Also plays a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis through natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation, and inhibition of renin and aldosterone secretion. Specifically binds and stimulates the cGMP production of the NPR1 receptor. Binds the clearance receptor NPR3. Belongs to the natriuretic peptide family. (134 aa)
NPPAAtrial natriuretic factor; Hormone playing a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis through regulation of natriuresis, diuresis, and vasodilation. Also plays a role in female pregnancy by promoting trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling in uterus. Specifically binds and stimulates the cGMP production of the NPR1 receptor. Binds the clearance receptor NPR3. (151 aa)
FKBP1BPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B; Has the potential to contribute to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of FK506 and rapamycin. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides; Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily. (108 aa)
TECRLtrans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase like. (363 aa)
SCN3BSodium channel subunit beta-3; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes unique persistent sodium currents. Inactivates the sodium channel opening more slowly than the subunit beta-1. Its association with NFASC may target the sodium channels to the nodes of Ranvier of developing axons and retain these channels at the nodes in mature myelinated axons (By similarity). (215 aa)
KCNE1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Assembled with KCNQ1/KVLQT1 is proposed to form the slowly activating delayed rectifier cardiac potassium (IKs) channel. The outward current reaches its steady state only after 50 seconds. Assembled with K [...] (129 aa)
MYH6Myosin-6; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1939 aa)
SCN9ASodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channel isoform. Plays a role in pain mechanisms, especially in the development of inflammatory pain. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.7/SCN9A subfamily. (1977 aa)
SSBLupus La protein; Binds to the 3' poly(U) terminus of nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts, protecting them from exonuclease digestion and facilitating their folding and maturation. In case of Coxsackievirus B3 infection, binds to the viral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and stimulates the IRES- mediated translation. (408 aa)
SCN1BSodium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of multiple voltage-gated sodium channel complexes that play important roles in excitable membranes in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Enhances the presence of the pore-forming alpha subunit at the cell surface and modulates channel gating characteristics and the rate of channel inactivation. Modulates the activity of multiple pore-forming alpha subunits, such as SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN4A, SCN5A and SCN10A. (268 aa)
GJA5Gap junction alpha-5 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (358 aa)
ZFHX3Zinc finger homeobox protein 3; Transcriptional regulator which can act as an activator or a repressor. Inhibits the enhancer element of the AFP gene by binding to its AT-rich core sequence. In concert with SMAD-dependent TGF-beta signaling can repress the transcription of AFP via its interaction with SMAD2/3. Regulates the circadian locomotor rhythms via transcriptional activation of neuropeptidergic genes which are essential for intercellular synchrony and rhythm amplitude in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain (By similarity). Regulator of myoblasts differentiation throug [...] (3703 aa)
PITX2Pituitary homeobox 2; Controls cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner and is involved in morphogenesis. During embryonic development, exerts a role in the expansion of muscle progenitors. May play a role in the proper localization of asymmetric organs such as the heart and stomach. Isoform PTX2C is involved in left-right asymmetry the developing embryo (By similarity); Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (324 aa)
SLMAPSarcolemmal membrane-associated protein; May play a role during myoblast fusion; Belongs to the SLMAP family. (828 aa)
KCNJ8ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity). Belon [...] (424 aa)
CALM1Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin 1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (150 aa)
CALM2Calmodulin 2. (149 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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