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| | ITGA1 | Integrin alpha-1; Integrin alpha-1/beta-1 is a receptor for laminin and collagen. It recognizes the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G-E-R in collagen. Involved in anchorage-dependent, negative regulation of EGF-stimulated cell growth. (1179 aa) |
| | TRIM36 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM36; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Involved in chromosome segregation and cell cycle regulation. May play a role in the acrosome reaction and fertilization. Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (728 aa) |
| | CABS1 | Calcium-binding and spermatid-specific protein 1; Calcium binding protein, spermatid associated 1. (395 aa) |
| | PLA1A | Phospholipase A1 member A; Hydrolyzes the ester bond at the sn-1 position of glycerophospholipids and produces 2-acyl lysophospholipids. Hydrolyzes phosphatidylserine (PS) in the form of liposomes and 1-acyl-2 lysophosphatidylserine (lyso-PS), but not triolein, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidic acid (PA) or phosphatidylinositol (PI). Isoform 2 hydrolyzes lyso-PS but not PS. Hydrolysis of lyso-PS in peritoneal mast cells activated by receptors for IgE leads to stimulate histamine production. Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. Lipase family. (456 aa) |
| | CEP131 | Centrosomal protein of 131 kDa; Component of centriolar satellites contributing to the building of a complex and dynamic network required to regulate cilia/flagellum formation. In proliferating cells, MIB1-mediated ubiquitination induces its sequestration within centriolar satellites, precluding untimely cilia formation initiation. In contrast, during normal and ultraviolet or heat shock cellular stress-induced ciliogenesis, its non-ubiquitinated form is rapidly displaced from centriolar satellites and recruited to centrosome/basal bodies in a microtubule- and p38 MAPK-dependent manner [...] (1083 aa) |
| | SPACA3 | Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 3, processed form; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. It could be a potential receptor for the egg oligosaccharide residue N- acetylglucosamine, which is present in the extracellular matrix over the egg plasma membrane. The processed form has no detectable bacteriolytic activity in vitro. (215 aa) |
| | MFGE8 | Lactadherin short form; Plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and the promotion of mucosal healing. Promotes VEGF-dependent neovascularization (By similarity). Contributes to phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells in many tissues. Specific ligand for the alpha-v/beta-3 and alpha-v/beta-5 receptors. Also binds to phosphatidylserine-enriched cell surfaces in a receptor-independent manner. Zona pellucida-binding protein which may play a role in gamete interaction. (387 aa) |
| | ABHD2 | Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD2; Progesterone-dependent acylglycerol lipase that catalyzes hydrolysis of endocannabinoid arachidonoylglycerol (AG) from cell membrane. Acts as a progesterone receptor: progesterone-binding activates the acylglycerol lipase activity, mediating degradation of 1-arachidonoylglycerol (1AG) and 2- arachidonoylglycerol (2AG) to glycerol and arachidonic acid (AA). Also displays an ester hydrolase activity against acetyl ester, butanoate ester and hexadecanoate ester. Plays a key role in sperm capacitation in response to progesterone by mediating degradation of 2A [...] (425 aa) |
| | TRIP11 | Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 11; Is a membrane tether required for vesicle tethering to Golgi. Has an essential role in the maintenance of Golgi structure and function. It is required for efficient anterograde and retrograde trafficking in the early secretory pathway, functioning at both the ER-to-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) and Golgi complex. Binds the ligand binding domain of the thyroid receptor (THRB) in the presence of triiodothyronine and enhances THRB-modulated transcription. (1979 aa) |
| | RAB2A | Ras-related protein Rab-2A; Required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. (212 aa) |
| | CSNK2A2 | Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (350 aa) |
| | SPAG9 | C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 4; The JNK-interacting protein (JIP) group of scaffold proteins selectively mediates JNK signaling by aggregating specific components of the MAPK cascade to form a functional JNK signaling module. Isoform 5 may play a role in spermatozoa-egg- interaction. Regulates lysosomal positioning by acting as an adapter protein which links PIP4P1-positive lysosomes to the dynein-dynactin complex. (1321 aa) |
| | LOXL1 | Lysyl oxidase homolog 1; Active on elastin and collagen substrates. (574 aa) |
| | HEXB | Beta-hexosaminidase subunit beta chain A; Responsible for the degradation of GM2 gangliosides, and a variety of other molecules containing terminal N-acetyl hexosamines, in the brain and other tissues; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 20 family. (556 aa) |
| | SPACA1 | Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome expansion and establishment of normal sperm morphology during spermatogenesis (By similarity). Important for male fertility. (294 aa) |
| | HYAL3 | Hyaluronidase-3; Facilitates sperm penetration into the layer of cumulus cells surrounding the egg by digesting hyaluronic acid. Involved in induction of the acrosome reaction in the sperm. Involved in follicular atresia, the breakdown of immature ovarian follicles that are not selected to ovulate. Induces ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, possibly via apoptotic signaling pathway involving CASP8 and CASP3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Has no hyaluronidase activity in embryonic fibroblasts in vitro. Has no hyaluronidase activity in granulosa cells in vitro. (417 aa) |
| | ACRBP | Acrosin-binding protein; May be involved in packaging and condensation of the acrosin zymogen in the acrosomal matrix via its association with proacrosin. (543 aa) |
| | SPAG17 | Sperm-associated antigen 17; Component of the central pair apparatus of ciliary axonemes. Plays a critical role in the function and structure of motile cilia. May play a role in endochondral bone formation, most likely because of a function in primary cilia of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. (2223 aa) |
| | TSSK4 | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 4; Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in male germ cell development and in mature sperm function (By similarity). May be involved in the Cre/Creb signaling pathway (By similarity). Phosphorylates CREB1 on 'Ser-133' in vitro and can stimulate Cre/Creb pathway in cells. Phosphorylates CREM on 'Ser-116' in vitro (By similarity). Phosphorylates ODF2 on 'Ser-95' (By similarity). Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (338 aa) |
| | CAV1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Recrui [...] (178 aa) |
| | CFAP65 | Cilia- and flagella-associated protein 65; May play a role in sperm motility. Belongs to the CFAP65 family. (1925 aa) |
| | SPAG8 | Sperm-associated antigen 8; Plays a role in spermatogenesis by enhancing the binding of CREM isoform tau to its coactivator FHL5 and increasing the FHL5- regulated transcriptional activation of CREM isoform tau (By similarity). Involved in the acrosome reaction and in binding of sperm to the zona pellucida (By similarity). Plays a role in regulation of the cell cycle by controlling progression through the G2/M phase, possibly by delaying the activation of CDK1 which is required for entry into mitosis. May play a role in fertility and microtubule formation through interaction with RANBP9. (501 aa) |
| | SPATA16 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 16; Involved in the formation of sperm acrosome, which implicated its potential role in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg fusion. (569 aa) |
| | TCTEX1D4 | Tctex1 domain containing 4. (221 aa) |
| | SPAM1 | Hyaluronidase PH-20; Involved in sperm-egg adhesion. Upon fertilization sperm must first penetrate a layer of cumulus cells that surrounds the egg before reaching the zona pellucida. The cumulus cells are embedded in a matrix containing hyaluronic acid which is formed prior to ovulation. This protein aids in penetrating the layer of cumulus cells by digesting hyaluronic acid; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 56 family. (511 aa) |
| | BMF | Bcl-2-modifying factor; May play a role in apoptosis. Isoform 1 seems to be the main initiator. (184 aa) |
| | STK31 | Serine/threonine kinase 31; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1019 aa) |
| | ARC | Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein; Master regulator of synaptic plasticity that self-assembles into virion-like capsids that encapsulate RNAs and mediate intercellular RNA transfer in the nervous system. ARC protein is released from neurons in extracellular vesicles that mediate the transfer of ARC mRNA into new target cells, where ARC mRNA can undergo activity-dependent translation. ARC capsids are endocytosed and are able to transfer ARC mRNA into the cytoplasm of neurons. Acts as a key regulator of synaptic plasticity: required for protein synthesis- dependent forms [...] (396 aa) |
| | ADAM15 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 15; Active metalloproteinase with gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activity. Plays a role in the wound healing process. Mediates both heterotypic intraepithelial cell/T-cell interactions and homotypic T-cell aggregation. Inhibits beta-1 integrin-mediated cell adhesion and migration of airway smooth muscle cells. Suppresses cell motility on or towards fibronectin possibly by driving alpha-v/beta-1 integrin (ITAGV-ITGB1) cell surface expression via ERK1/2 inactivation. Cleaves E-cadherin in response to growth factor deprivation. [...] (863 aa) |
| | VPS13B | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13B; May be involved in protein sorting in post Golgi membrane traffic; Belongs to the VPS13 family. (4022 aa) |
| | CALCR | Calcitonin receptor; This is a receptor for calcitonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. The calcitonin receptor is thought to couple to the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein that is sensitive to cholera toxin; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. (508 aa) |
| | SCNN1A | Amiloride-sensitive sodium channel subunit alpha; Sodium permeable non-voltage-sensitive ion channel inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Mediates the electrodiffusion of the luminal sodium (and water, which follows osmotically) through the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Plays an essential role in electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, but also in airway surface liquid homeostasis, which is important for proper clearance of mucus. Controls the reabsorption of sodium in kidney, colon, lung and eccrine sweat glands. Also plays a role in taste perception. (728 aa) |
| | DRD2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (443 aa) |
| | NCF2 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 2; NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production). (526 aa) |
| | SNAPIN | SNARE-associated protein Snapin; Component of the BLOC-1 complex, a complex that is required for normal biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles (LRO), such as platelet dense granules and melanosomes. In concert with the AP-3 complex, the BLOC-1 complex is required to target membrane protein cargos into vesicles assembled at cell bodies for delivery into neurites and nerve terminals. The BLOC-1 complex, in association with SNARE proteins, is also proposed to be involved in neurite extension. Plays a role in intracellular vesicle trafficking and synaptic vesicle recycling. May modulate [...] (136 aa) |
| | SPACA9 | Sperm acrosome associated 9. (222 aa) |
| | POMT1 | Protein O-mannosyl-transferase 1; Transfers mannosyl residues to the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine residues. Coexpression of both POMT1 and POMT2 is necessary for enzyme activity, expression of either POMT1 or POMT2 alone is insufficient. Essentially dedicated to O-mannosylation of alpha- DAG1 and few other proteins but not of cadherins and protocaherins ; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 39 family. (747 aa) |
| | VDAC2 | Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2; Forms a channel through the mitochondrial outer membrane that allows diffusion of small hydrophilic molecules. The channel adopts an open conformation at low or zero membrane potential and a closed conformation at potentials above 30-40 mV. The open state has a weak anion selectivity whereas the closed state is cation-selective; Belongs to the eukaryotic mitochondrial porin family. (309 aa) |
| | EPPIN | Eppin; Serine protease inhibitor that plays an essential role in male reproduction and fertility. Modulates the hydrolysis of SEMG1 by KLK3/PSA (a serine protease), provides antimicrobial protection for spermatozoa in the ejaculate coagulum, and binds SEMG1 thereby inhibiting sperm motility. (133 aa) |
| | GOLGA1 | Golgin subfamily A member 1; Involved in vesicular trafficking at the Golgi apparatus level. Involved in endosome-to-Golgi trafficking. (767 aa) |
| | TMEM225 | Transmembrane protein 225; Probably inhibits protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) in sperm via binding to catalytic subunit PPP1CC. (225 aa) |
| | PPFIA3 | Liprin-alpha-3; May regulate the disassembly of focal adhesions. May localize receptor-like tyrosine phosphatases type 2A at specific sites on the plasma membrane, possibly regulating their interaction with the extracellular environment and their association with substrates. (1194 aa) |
| | KNL1 | Kinetochore scaffold 1; Performs two crucial functions during mitosis: it is essential for spindle-assembly checkpoint signaling and for correct chromosome alignment. Required for attachment of the kinetochores to the spindle microtubules. Directly links BUB1 and BUB1B to kinetochores. Part of the MIS12 complex, which may be fundamental for kinetochore formation and proper chromosome segregation during mitosis. Acts in coordination with CENPK to recruit the NDC80 complex to the outer kinetochore. (2342 aa) |
| | ZPBP2 | Zona pellucida-binding protein 2; Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization. (338 aa) |
| | ACTL7A | Actin-like protein 7A; Actin like 7A; Belongs to the actin family. (435 aa) |
| | BSG | Basigin; Plays an important role in targeting the monocarboxylate transporters SLC16A1, SLC16A3, SLC16A8, SLC16A11 and SLC16A12 to the plasma membrane. Plays pivotal roles in spermatogenesis, embryo implantation, neural network formation and tumor progression. Stimulates adjacent fibroblasts to produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPS). Seems to be a receptor for oligomannosidic glycans. In vitro, promotes outgrowth of astrocytic processes. (Microbial infection) Erythrocyte receptor for P.falciparum RH5 which is essential for erythrocyte invasion by the merozoite stage of P.falciparum [...] (385 aa) |
| | SERPINA5 | Plasma serine protease inhibitor; Heparin-dependent serine protease inhibitor acting in body fluids and secretions. Inactivates serine proteases by binding irreversibly to their serine activation site. Involved in the regulation of intravascular and extravascular proteolytic activities. Plays hemostatic roles in the blood plasma. Acts as a procoagulant and proinflammatory factor by inhibiting the anticoagulant activated protein C factor as well as the generation of activated protein C factor by the thrombin/thrombomodulin complex. Acts as an anticoagulant factor by inhibiting blood coa [...] (406 aa) |
| | PRSS55 | Serine protease 55; Probable serine protease. (352 aa) |
| | ATP6V0A2 | V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 2; Part of the proton channel of V-ATPases. Essential component of the endosomal pH-sensing machinery. May play a role in maintaining the Golgi functions, such as glycosylation maturation, by controlling the Golgi pH. In aerobic conditions, involved in intracellular iron homeostasis, thus triggering the activity of Fe(2+) prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzymes, and leading to HIF1A hydroxylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. Belongs to the V-ATPase 116 kDa subunit family. (856 aa) |
| | CYLC1 | Cylicin-1; Possible architectural role during spermatogenesis. May be involved in spermatid differentiation. (651 aa) |
| | ENKUR | Enkurin; Adapter that functions to localize a calcium-sensitive signal transduction machinery in sperm to a calcium-permeable ion channel. (256 aa) |
| | IZUMO1 | Izumo sperm-egg fusion protein 1; Essential sperm cell-surface protein required for fertilization by acting as a ligand for IZUMO1R/JUNO receptor on egg. The IZUMO1:IZUMO1R/JUNO interaction is a necessary adhesion event between sperm and egg that is required for fertilization but is not sufficient for cell fusion. The ligand- receptor interaction probably does not act as a membrane 'fusogen'. (350 aa) |
| | C7orf61 | Uncharacterized protein C7orf61; Chromosome 7 open reading frame 61. (206 aa) |
| | CALR | Calreticulin; Calcium-binding chaperone that promotes folding, oligomeric assembly and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via the calreticulin/calnexin cycle. This lectin interacts transiently with almost all of the monoglucosylated glycoproteins that are synthesized in the ER. Interacts with the DNA-binding domain of NR3C1 and mediates its nuclear export. Involved in maternal gene expression regulation. May participate in oocyte maturation via the regulation of calcium homeostasis (By similarity); Belongs to the calreticulin family. (417 aa) |
| | SH3GL3 | Endophilin-A3; Implicated in endocytosis. May recruit other proteins to membranes with high curvature (By similarity). (355 aa) |
| | TCP1 | T-complex protein 1 subunit alpha; Component of the chaperonin-containing T-complex (TRiC), a molecular chaperone complex that assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. The TRiC complex mediates the folding of WRAP53/TCAB1, thereby regulating telomere maintenance. As part of the TRiC complex may play a role in the assembly of BBSome, a complex involved in ciliogenesis regulating transports vesicles to the cilia. The TRiC complex plays a role in the folding of actin and tubulin (Probable). (556 aa) |
| | ACTL9 | Actin-like protein 9; Actin like 9. (416 aa) |
| | AKAP3 | A-kinase anchor protein 3; May function as a regulator of both motility- and head- associated functions such as capacitation and the acrosome reaction. (853 aa) |
| | SPAG6 | Sperm-associated antigen 6; Important for structural integrity of the central apparatus in the sperm tail and for flagellar motility. (509 aa) |
| | GLIPR1L1 | GLIPR1-like protein 1; Plays a role in the binding between sperm and oocytes. Component of epididymosomes, one type of membranous microvesicules which mediate the transfer of lipids and proteins to spermatozoa plasma membrane during epididymal maturation. Also component of the CD9- positive microvesicules found in the cauda region. (242 aa) |
| | FABP9 | Fatty acid binding protein 9. (132 aa) |
| | EQTN | Equatorin; Acrosomal membrane-anchored protein involved in the process of fertilization and in acrosome biogenesis. (294 aa) |
| | SYT8 | Synaptotagmin-8; Isoform 4 may play a role in the trafficking and exocytosis of secretory vesicles in non-neuronal tissues. Mediates Ca(2+)- regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm. May mediate Ca(2+)-regulation of exocytosis in insulin secreted cells (By similarity); Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (401 aa) |
| | SEPTIN14 | Septin-14; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential). (432 aa) |
| | TMEM95 | Transmembrane protein 95. (203 aa) |
| | TSSK1B | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 1; Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase required during spermatid development. Phosphorylates 'Ser-288' of TSKS. Involved in the late stages of spermatogenesis, during the reconstruction of the cytoplasm. During spermatogenesis, required for the transformation of a ring-shaped structure around the base of the flagellum originating from the chromatoid body. (367 aa) |
| | SV2B | Synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2B; Probably plays a role in the control of regulated secretion in neural and endocrine cells. (683 aa) |
| | FLOT2 | Flotillin-2; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes, functionally participating in formation of caveolae or caveolae-like vesicles. May be involved in epidermal cell adhesion and epidermal structure and function; Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily. (428 aa) |
| | CLK3 | Dual specificity protein kinase CLK3; Dual specificity kinase acting on both serine/threonine and tyrosine-containing substrates. Phosphorylates serine- and arginine- rich (SR) proteins of the spliceosomal complex. May be a constituent of a network of regulatory mechanisms that enable SR proteins to control RNA splicing and can cause redistribution of SR proteins from speckles to a diffuse nucleoplasmic distribution. Phosphorylates SRSF1 and SRSF3. Regulates the alternative splicing of tissue factor (F3) pre- mRNA in endothelial cells; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Se [...] (638 aa) |
| | CRCP | DNA-directed RNA polymerase III subunit RPC9; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Specific peripheric component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts induce type [...] (148 aa) |
| | TEKT3 | Tektin-3; May be a structural component of the sperm flagellum. Required for normal sperm mobility. (490 aa) |
| | NUDT1 | 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine triphosphatase; Antimutagenic. Plays a redundant role in sanitizing oxidized nucleotide pools, such as 8-oxo-dGTP pools. Acts as a sanitizing enzyme for oxidized nucleotide pools, thus suppressing cell dysfunction and death induced by oxidative stress. Hydrolyzes 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-dATP and 2-OH-dATP, thus preventing misincorporation of oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates into DNA and subsequently preventing A:T to C:G and G:C to T:A transversions. Able to hydrolyze also the corresponding ribonucleotides, 2-OH-ATP, 8- oxo-GTP and 8-oxo-ATP. Does not play a [...] (179 aa) |
| | RAB2B | Ras-related protein Rab-2B; Required for protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. (216 aa) |
| | GNAT3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein) alpha subunit playing a prominent role in bitter and sweet taste transduction as well as in umami (monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, and inosine monophosphate) taste transduction. Transduction by this alpha subunit involves coupling of specific cell-surface receptors with a cGMP- phosphodiesterase; Activation of phosphodiesterase lowers intracellular levels of cAMP and cGMP which may open a cyclic nucleotide-suppressible cation channel leading to influx of calcium, ultim [...] (354 aa) |
| | TMPRSS12 | Transmembrane serine protease 12; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (348 aa) |
| | CAPN11 | Calpain-11; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease which catalyzes limited proteolysis of substrates involved in cytoskeletal remodeling and signal transduction; Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. (739 aa) |
| | MROH2B | Maestro heat-like repeat-containing protein family member 2B; May play a role in the process of sperm capacitation. (1585 aa) |
| | TSSK2 | Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 2; Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase required during spermatid development. Phosphorylates TSKS at 'Ser-288' and SPAG16. Involved in the late stages of spermatogenesis, during the reconstruction of the cytoplasm. During spermatogenesis, required for the transformation of a ring-shaped structure around the base of the flagellum originating from the chromatoid body. (358 aa) |
| | KIAA1210 | Acrosomal protein KIAA1210; KIAA1210. (1709 aa) |
| | MORN2 | MORN repeat-containing protein 2; Might have a role in spermatogenesis. (79 aa) |
| | RCBTB2 | RCC1 and BTB domain containing protein 2. (556 aa) |
| | CATSPER4 | Cation channel sperm-associated protein 4; Voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte; Belongs to the cation channel sperm-associated (TC 1.A.1.19) family. (472 aa) |
| | TCP11X2 | T-complex 11 family, X-linked 2; Belongs to the TCP11 family. (407 aa) |
| | TBXA2R | Thromboxane A2 receptor; Receptor for thromboxane A2 (TXA2), a potent stimulator of platelet aggregation. The activity of this receptor is mediated by a G- protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. In the kidney, the binding of TXA2 to glomerular TP receptors causes intense vasoconstriction. Activates phospholipase C. Isoform 1 activates adenylyl cyclase. Isoform 2 inhibits adenylyl cyclase. (407 aa) |
| | PLA2G10 | Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2; PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a powerful potency for releasing arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine liposomes to those of phosphatidylserine. (165 aa) |
| | TEX22 | Testis-expressed protein 22; Testis expressed 22. (150 aa) |
| | RACGAP1 | Rac GTPase-activating protein 1; Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the cell cycle cytokinesis. Required for proper attachment of the midbody to the cell membrane during cytokinesis. Plays key roles in controlling cell growth and differentiation of hematopoietic cells through mechanisms other than regulating Rac GTPase activity. Also involved in the regulation of growth-related processes in adipocytes and myoblasts. May be involved in regulating spermatogene [...] (632 aa) |
| | VEZT | Vezatin; Plays a pivotal role in the establishment of adherens junctions and their maintenance in adult life. Required for morphogenesis of the preimplantation embryo, and for the implantation process; Belongs to the vezatin family. (779 aa) |
| | PATE4 | Prostate and testis expressed protein 4; May modulate the function of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. May enhance sperm motility. (98 aa) |
| | SKIL | Ski-like protein; May have regulatory role in cell division or differentiation in response to extracellular signals; Belongs to the SKI family. (684 aa) |
| | IQUB | IQ and ubiquitin-like domain-containing protein; May play roles in cilia formation and/or maintenance. (791 aa) |
| | EPPIN-WFDC6 | EPPIN-WFDC6 readthrough. (179 aa) |
| | SPINK2 | Serine peptidase inhibitor Kazal type 2. (134 aa) |
| | ACRV1 | Acrosomal vesicle protein 1. (265 aa) |
| | CCDC189 | Coiled-coil domain containing 189. (331 aa) |
| | FNDC3A | Fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 3A; Mediates spermatid-Sertoli adhesion during spermatogenesis. Belongs to the FNDC3 family. (1198 aa) |
| | SLIRP | SRA stem-loop-interacting RNA-binding protein, mitochondrial; RNA-binding protein that acts as a nuclear receptor corepressor. Probably acts by binding the SRA RNA, and repressing the SRA-mediated nuclear receptor coactivation. Binds the STR7 loop of SRA RNA. Also able to repress glucocorticoid (GR), androgen (AR), thyroid (TR) and VDR-mediated transactivation. (109 aa) |
| | IFT20 | Intraflagellar transport protein 20 homolog; Part of intraflagellar transport (IFT) particles involved in ciliary process assembly. May play a role in the trafficking of ciliary membrane proteins from the Golgi complex to the cilium. Regulates the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) signaling pathway. Required for protein stability of E3 ubiquitin ligases CBL and CBLB that mediate ubiquitination and internalization of PDGFRA for proper feedback inhibition of PDGFRA signaling. Essential for male fertility. Plays an important role in spermatogenesis, particularly sperm [...] (158 aa) |
| | RND2 | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoN; May be specifically involved in neuronal and hepatic functions. Is a C3 toxin-insensitive member of the Rho subfamily (By similarity). (227 aa) |
| | TEX101 | Testis-expressed protein 101; Plays a role in fertilization by controlling binding of sperm to zona pellucida and migration of spermatozoa into the oviduct (By similarity). May play a role in signal transduction and promote protein tyrosine phosphorylation (By similarity). (267 aa) |
| | IL4I1 | L-amino-acid oxidase; Lysosomal L-amino-acid oxidase with highest specific activity with phenylalanine. May play a role in lysosomal antigen processing and presentation (By similarity). (589 aa) |
| | LYZL6 | Lysozyme-like protein 6; May be involved sperm-egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. Exhibits bacteriolytic activity in vitro against Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureus. Shows weak bacteriolytic activity against Gram-positive bacteria at physiological pH. Bacteriolytic activity is pH-dependent, with a maximum at around pH 5.6. (148 aa) |
| | SPACA6 | Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 6; Sperm protein potentially involved sperm-egg fusion. (324 aa) |
| | SPATA1 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 1; Spermatogenesis associated 1. (459 aa) |
| | NOTCH1 | Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1; Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged-1 (JAG1), Jagged-2 (JAG2) and Delta-1 (DLL1) to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Involved in the [...] (2555 aa) |
| | DPEP3 | Dipeptidase 3; Probable metalloprotease which hydrolyzes cystinyl-bis- glycine. May be involved in meiosis (By similarity); Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. Peptidase M19 family. (513 aa) |
| | TCP11 | T-complex protein 11 homolog; Plays a role in the process of sperm capacitation and acrosome reactions. Probable receptor for the putative fertilization- promoting peptide (FPP) at the sperm membrane that may modulate the activity of the adenylyl cyclase cAMP pathway. Belongs to the TCP11 family. (516 aa) |
| | ZPBP | Zona pellucida-binding protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome compaction and sperm morphogenesis. Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization (By similarity). (351 aa) |
| | DLD | Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as an E3 component of three alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes (pyruvate-, alpha-ketoglutarate-, and branched- chain amino acid-dehydrogenase complex). The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is mainly active in the mitochondrion. A fraction of the 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also localizes in the nucleus and is required for lysine succinylation of histones: associates with KAT2A on chromatin and provides succinyl-CoA to histone succinyltransferase KA [...] (509 aa) |
| | ARSA | Arylsulfatase A component B; Hydrolyzes cerebroside sulfate. (509 aa) |
| | ACR | Acrosin heavy chain; Acrosin is the major protease of mammalian spermatozoa. It is a serine protease of trypsin-like cleavage specificity, it is synthesized in a zymogen form, proacrosin and stored in the acrosome. (421 aa) |
| | DKKL1 | Dickkopf-like protein 1; Involved in fertilization by facilitating sperm penetration of the zona pellucida. May promote spermatocyte apoptosis, thereby limiting sperm production. In adults, may reduces testosterone synthesis in Leydig cells. Is not essential either for development or fertility. (242 aa) |
| | RAB3A | Ras-related protein Rab-3A; Small GTP-binding protein that plays a central role in regulated exocytosis and secretion. Controls the recruitment, tethering and docking of secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane (By similarity). Upon stimulation, switches to its active GTP-bound form, cycles to vesicles and recruits effectors such as RIMS1, RIMS2, Rabphilin-3A/RPH3A, RPH3AL or SYTL4 to help the docking of vesicules onto the plasma membrane (By similarity). Upon GTP hydrolysis by GTPase-activating protein, dissociates from the vesicle membrane allowing the exocytosis to proceed (By simi [...] (220 aa) |
| | CAV2 | Caveolin-2; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. Acts as an accessory protein in conjunction with CAV1 in targeting to lipid rafts and driving caveolae formation. The Ser-36 phosphorylated form has a role in modulating mitosis in endothelial cells. Positive regulator of cellular mitogenesis of the MAPK signaling pathway. Required for the insulin-stimulated nuclear translocation and activation of MAPK1 and STAT3, and the subsequent regulation of cell cycle progression (B [...] (162 aa) |
| | CD46 | Membrane cofactor protein; Acts as a cofactor for complement factor I, a serine protease which protects autologous cells against complement-mediated injury by cleaving C3b and C4b deposited on host tissue. May be involved in the fusion of the spermatozoa with the oocyte during fertilization. Also acts as a costimulatory factor for T-cells which induces the differentiation of CD4+ into T-regulatory 1 cells. T-regulatory 1 cells suppress immune responses by secreting interleukin-10, and therefore are thought to prevent autoimmunity. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Adenovirus [...] (399 aa) |
| | SPACA4 | Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 4; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. (124 aa) |
| | SPESP1 | Sperm equatorial segment protein 1; Involved in fertilization ability of sperm. Belongs to the SPESP1 family. (350 aa) |
| | RAB6A | Ras-related protein Rab-6A; Protein transport. Regulator of membrane traffic from the Golgi apparatus towards the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Has a low GTPase activity. Involved in COPI-independent retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER ; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (208 aa) |
| | ATP8B3 | Phospholipid-transporting ATPase IK; P4-ATPase flippase which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phospholipid translocation seems also to be implicated in vesicle formation and in uptake of lipid signaling molecules. May be responsible for the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phosphatidylserine (PS) in spermatozoa membranes. Involved in acrosome reactions and binding of spermatozoa to zona pellucida; Belon [...] (1300 aa) |
| | PRKACA | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa) |
| | FAM170B | Protein FAM170B; Plays a role in fertilization through the acrosome reaction. Belongs to the FAM170 family. (283 aa) |
| | IQCF1 | IQ domain-containing protein F1; Involved in sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. (205 aa) |
| | ATP6V1E2 | V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2; Subunit of the peripheral V1 complex of vacuolar ATPase essential for assembly or catalytic function. V-ATPase is responsible for acidifying a variety of intracellular compartments in eukaryotic cells. This isoform is essential for energy coupling involved in acidification of acrosome (By similarity). (226 aa) |
| | CTNNA1 | Catenin alpha-1; Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. The association of catenins to cadherins produces a complex which is linked to the actin filament network, and which seems to be of primary importance for cadherins cell-adhesion properties. Can associate with both E- and N-cadherins. Originally believed to be a stable component of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes and to mediate the linkage of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions. In contrast, cortical actin was found to be much more dynamic than E-cadherin/catenin complexes and [...] (906 aa) |
| | PCSK4 | Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4; Proprotein convertase involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues (By similarity). In males, important for ADAM2 processing as well as other acrosomal proteins with roles in fertilization and critical for normal fertilization events such as sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and binding of sperm to zona pellucida (By similarity). Plays also a role in female fertility, involved in the regulation of trophoblast migration and placental development, may be throu [...] (755 aa) |
| | TBC1D21 | TBC1 domain family member 21; May act as a GTPase-activating protein for Rab family protein(s). May be involved in acrosome formation and cytoskeletal reorganization during spermiogenesis, possibly by regulating RAB3A activity. (336 aa) |
| | CCDC136 | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 136; May play a role in acrosome formation in spermatogenesis and in fertilization. (1154 aa) |
| | PRSS37 | Probable inactive serine protease 37; Plays a role in male fertility (By similarity). May have a role in sperm migration or binding to zona-intact eggs (By similarity). Involved in the activation of the proacrosin/acrosin system ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (235 aa) |
| | LY6K | Lymphocyte antigen 6K; Required for sperm migration into the oviduct and male fertility by controlling binding of sperm to zona pellucida (By similarity). May play a role in cell growth. (165 aa) |
| | TMEM190 | Transmembrane protein 190. (177 aa) |
| | KIT | Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. In response to KITLG/SCF binding, KIT can activate several signaling pathways. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, SH2B2/APS and CBL. Activates the AKT1 signaling pathway by phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Activat [...] (976 aa) |
| | LYZL4 | Lysozyme-like protein 4; May be involved in fertilization (By similarity). Has no detectable bacteriolytic and lysozyme activities in vitro (By similarity); Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 22 family. (146 aa) |
| | LRGUK | Leucine-rich repeat and guanylate kinase domain-containing protein; Involved in multiple aspects of sperm assembly including acrosome attachment, shaping of the sperm head and in the early aspects of axoneme development. Not essential for primary cilium biogenesis. (825 aa) |
| | CXADR | Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downs [...] (365 aa) |
| | SPACA7 | Sperm acrosome-associated protein 7; Involved in fertilization. Seems not to play a direct role in sperm-egg binding or gamete fusion. (195 aa) |
| | CATSPER3 | Cation channel sperm-associated protein 3; Voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte. (398 aa) |
