STRINGSTRING
XRCC1 XRCC1 ERCC5 ERCC5 ENPP1 ENPP1 DCLRE1B DCLRE1B SAMHD1 SAMHD1 BIVM-ERCC5 BIVM-ERCC5 TREX1 TREX1 CNOT6 CNOT6 PAN2 PAN2 REXO2 REXO2 UBXN8 UBXN8 RPP38 RPP38 V9GYQ6_HUMAN V9GYQ6_HUMAN POLD1 POLD1 POP4 POP4 EME2 EME2 DNASE1L2 DNASE1L2 RNASE4 RNASE4 RNASE11 RNASE11 KHNYN KHNYN RNASE12 RNASE12 RNASEK RNASEK INTS11 INTS11 PRORP PRORP PLD4 PLD4 DICER1 DICER1 TATDN3 TATDN3 CNOT8 CNOT8 ENDOV ENDOV H0YAE9_HUMAN H0YAE9_HUMAN RNASET2 RNASET2 ASTE1 ASTE1 DROSHA DROSHA CNOT6L CNOT6L ZGRF1 ZGRF1 NUDT16 NUDT16 HELZ2 HELZ2 RPP14 RPP14 RPP21 RPP21 ENPP3 ENPP3 ERN1 ERN1 PNPT1 PNPT1 POLG POLG ENDOU ENDOU TSEN34 TSEN34 SLFN14 SLFN14 RPP30 RPP30 PARN PARN PLD3 PLD3 ZC3H12D ZC3H12D DNASE1 DNASE1 POP1 POP1 RBBP8 RBBP8 MBLAC1 MBLAC1 RNASE1 RNASE1 MARF1 MARF1 SLFN12 SLFN12 DNASE1L3 DNASE1L3 ANKLE1 ANKLE1 G3BP1 G3BP1 EME1 EME1 PNLDC1 PNLDC1 PGBD5 PGBD5 TSN TSN DCP2 DCP2 SETMAR SETMAR NYNRIN NYNRIN RAD1 RAD1 RCL1 RCL1 DDX1 DDX1 GEN1 GEN1 RPP40 RPP40 APTX APTX EXOSC9 EXOSC9 DCLRE1C DCLRE1C TDP2 TDP2 DIS3 DIS3 MGME1 MGME1 XRN2 XRN2 EXOSC10 EXOSC10 DXO DXO APEX2 APEX2 LAS1L LAS1L AGO4 AGO4 AGO3 AGO3 ZC3H12A ZC3H12A EXO5 EXO5 ENDOG ENDOG EXOSC2 EXOSC2 ERI3 ERI3 TOE1 TOE1 REXO4 REXO4 DNASE2B DNASE2B HAUS7 HAUS7 DNASE1L1 DNASE1L1 RNASEL RNASEL ANGEL2 ANGEL2 TSNAX TSNAX EXO1 EXO1 TSEN15 TSEN15 CNOT7 CNOT7 DCLRE1A DCLRE1A FAN1 FAN1 DNA2 DNA2 ERI2 ERI2 POP5 POP5 PIWIL2 PIWIL2 PXDNL PXDNL SND1 SND1 PLSCR1 PLSCR1 ZC3H12B ZC3H12B EXD3 EXD3 DFFB DFFB ELAC2 ELAC2 TDP1 TDP1 NME1 NME1 ANG ANG RAD51C RAD51C TREX2 TREX2 AEN AEN PIWIL3 PIWIL3 YBEY YBEY SLX1B SLX1B MRE11 MRE11 PNKP PNKP ISG20L2 ISG20L2 ATRIP ATRIP EXOSC3 EXOSC3 POLE POLE DIS3L DIS3L HARBI1 HARBI1 RPP25 RPP25 PLD6 PLD6 DIS3L2 DIS3L2 EXOSC4 EXOSC4 MEIOB MEIOB RNASEH1 RNASEH1 EXD2 EXD2 PPP1R8 PPP1R8 RNASE8 RNASE8 RAD9A RAD9A ERCC4 ERCC4 PDE12 PDE12 MUS81 MUS81 APLF APLF ISG20 ISG20 OGG1 OGG1 FEN1 FEN1 POP7 POP7 RNASE2 RNASE2 RNASE3 RNASE3 RNASE6 RNASE6 RAG1 RAG1 RNASE7 RNASE7 WRN WRN AZGP1 AZGP1 EXOG EXOG TATDN2 TATDN2 SLFN13 SLFN13 TSEN2 TSEN2 NOCT NOCT ZC3H12C ZC3H12C RPS3 RPS3 ENDOD1 ENDOD1 TATDN1 TATDN1 LACTB2 LACTB2 PELO PELO ELAC1 ELAC1 NOB1 NOB1 FANCM FANCM C12orf10 C12orf10 PMS2 PMS2 EXOSC7 EXOSC7 XRN1 XRN1 ZRANB3 ZRANB3 ARID3A ARID3A DCPS DCPS SMG6 SMG6 N4BP1 N4BP1 N4BP2 N4BP2 REXO5 REXO5 DBR1 DBR1 ENPP2 ENPP2 MRPL44 MRPL44 ERN2 ERN2 RIDA RIDA SLX1A SLX1A ANGEL1 ANGEL1 ERI1 ERI1 MBD4 MBD4 PIWIL1 PIWIL1 TRIR TRIR CPSF3 CPSF3 NUDT12 NUDT12 DNASE2 DNASE2 RNASEH2A RNASEH2A EXOSC5 EXOSC5 AGO2 AGO2 USB1 USB1 NTHL1 NTHL1 APEX1 APEX1 REXO1 REXO1
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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XRCC1DNA repair protein XRCC1; Involved in DNA single-strand break repair by mediating the assembly of DNA break repair protein complexes. Probably during DNA repair, negatively regulates ADP-ribose levels by modulating ADP- ribosyltransferase PARP1 activity. (633 aa)
ERCC5DNA repair protein complementing XP-G cells; Single-stranded structure-specific DNA endonuclease involved in DNA excision repair. Makes the 3'incision in DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER). Acts as a cofactor for a DNA glycosylase that removes oxidized pyrimidines from DNA. May also be involved in transcription- coupled repair of this kind of damage, in transcription by RNA polymerase II, and perhaps in other processes too. (1186 aa)
ENPP1Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1, secreted form; Nucleotide pyrophosphatase that generates diphosphate (PPi) and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by regulating pyrophosphate levels (By similarity). PPi inhibits bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by binding to nascent hydroxyapatite crystals, thereby preventing further growth of these crystals. Preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release [...] (925 aa)
DCLRE1B5' exonuclease Apollo; 5'-3' exonuclease that plays a central role in telomere maintenance and protection during S-phase. Participates in the protection of telomeres against non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)- mediated repair, thereby ensuring that telomeres do not fuse. Plays a key role in telomeric loop (T loop) formation by being recruited by TERF2 at the leading end telomeres and by processing leading-end telomeres immediately after their replication via its exonuclease activity: generates 3' single-stranded overhang at the leading end telomeres avoiding blunt leading-end telomeres [...] (532 aa)
SAMHD1Deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1; Protein that acts both as a host restriction factor involved in defense response to virus and as a regulator of DNA end resection at stalled replication forks. Has deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTPase) activity, which is required to restrict infection by viruses, such as HIV-1: dNTPase activity reduces cellular dNTP levels to levels too low for retroviral reverse transcription to occur, blocking early- stage virus replication in dendritic and other myeloid cells. Likewise, suppresses LINE-1 retrotransposon activity. Not able to [...] (626 aa)
BIVM-ERCC5DNA repair protein-complementing XP-G cells; BIVM-ERCC5 readthrough. (1640 aa)
TREX1Three-prime repair exonuclease 1; Major cellular 3'-to-5' DNA exonuclease which digests single- stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with mismatched 3' termini. Prevents cell-intrinsic initiation of autoimmunity. Acts by metabolizing DNA fragments from endogenous retroelements, including L1, LTR and SINE elements. Unless degraded, these DNA fragments accumulate in the cytosol and activate the IFN-stimulatory DNA (ISD) response and innate immune signaling. Prevents chronic ATM-dependent checkpoint activation, by processing ssDNA polynucleotide species arising from the pr [...] (314 aa)
CNOT6CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6; Poly(A) nuclease with 3'-5' RNase activity. Catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. Additional complex functions may be a consequence of its influence on mRNA expression. Involved in mRNA decay mediated by the major-protein-coding determinant of instability (mCRD) of the FOS gene in the cytopl [...] (557 aa)
PAN2PAN2-PAN3 deadenylation complex catalytic subunit PAN2; Catalytic subunit of the poly(A)-nuclease (PAN) deadenylation complex, one of two cytoplasmic mRNA deadenylases involved in general and miRNA-mediated mRNA turnover. PAN specifically shortens poly(A) tails of RNA and the activity is stimulated by poly(A)-binding protein (PABP). PAN deadenylation is followed by rapid degradation of the shortened mRNA tails by the CCR4-NOT complex. Deadenylated mRNAs are then degraded by two alternative mechanisms, namely exosome-mediated 3'-5' exonucleolytic degradation, or deadenlyation-dependent [...] (1202 aa)
REXO2Oligoribonuclease, mitochondrial; 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease specific for small oligoribonucleotides. Active on small (primarily </=5 nucleotides in length) single-stranded RNA and DNA oligomers. May have a role in cellular nucleotide recycling. (237 aa)
UBXN8UBX domain-containing protein 8; Involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) for misfolded lumenal proteins, possibly by tethering VCP to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May play a role in reproduction. (270 aa)
RPP38Ribonuclease P protein subunit p38; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre- rRNA sequences. Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL8 family. (283 aa)
V9GYQ6_HUMANUncharacterized protein. (96 aa)
POLD1DNA polymerase delta catalytic subunit; As the catalytic component of the trimeric (Pol-delta3 complex) and tetrameric DNA polymerase delta complexes (Pol-delta4 complex), plays a crucial role in high fidelity genome replication, including in lagging strand synthesis, and repair. Exhibits both DNA polymerase and 3'- to 5'-exonuclease activities. Requires the presence of accessory proteins POLD2, POLD3 and POLD4 for full activity. Depending upon the absence (Pol-delta3) or the presence of POLD4 (Pol-delta4), displays differences in catalytic activity. Most notably, expresses higher proo [...] (1133 aa)
POP4Ribonuclease P protein subunit p29; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. (220 aa)
EME2Probable crossover junction endonuclease EME2; Interacts with MUS81 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease which cleaves substrates such as 3'-flap structures. (379 aa)
DNASE1L2Deoxyribonuclease-1-like 2; Divalent cation-dependent acid DNA endonuclease involved in the breakdown of the nucleus during corneocyte formation of epidermal keratinocytes. May play an immune role by eliminating harmful DNA released into the extracellular environment by damaged epidermal cells. (299 aa)
RNASE4Ribonuclease 4; This RNase has marked specificity towards the 3' side of uridine nucleotides; Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. (147 aa)
RNASE11Ribonuclease A family member 11. (199 aa)
KHNYNProtein KHNYN; KH and NYN domain containing. (678 aa)
RNASE12Probable inactive ribonuclease-like protein 12; Does not exhibit any ribonuclease activity; Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. (147 aa)
RNASEKRibonuclease kappa; Endoribonuclease which preferentially cleaves ApU and ApG phosphodiester bonds. Hydrolyzes UpU bonds at a lower rate. (137 aa)
INTS11Integrator complex subunit 11; Catalytic component of the Integrator (INT) complex, a complex involved in the small nuclear RNAs (snRNA) U1 and U2 transcription and in their 3'-box-dependent processing. The Integrator complex is associated with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II largest subunit (POLR2A) and is recruited to the U1 and U2 snRNAs genes. Mediates the snRNAs 3' cleavage. Mediates recruitment of cytoplasmic dynein to the nuclear envelope, probably as component of the INT complex ; Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. RNA- metabolizing metallo-beta [...] (606 aa)
PRORPMitochondrial ribonuclease P catalytic subunit; Catalytic ribonuclease component of mitochondrial ribonuclease P, a complex composed of TRMT10C/MRPP1, HSD17B10/MRPP2 and PRORP/MRPP3, which cleaves tRNA molecules in their 5'-ends. The presence of TRMT10C/MRPP1, HSD17B10/MRPP2 is required to catalyze tRNA molecules in their 5'-ends. (583 aa)
PLD45'-3' exonuclease PLD4; 5'->3' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Regulates inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids, by reducing the concentration of ssDNA able to stimulate TLR9, a nucleotide-sensing receptor. Involved in phagocytosis of activated microglia. (513 aa)
DICER1Endoribonuclease Dicer; Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) endoribonuclease playing a central role in short dsRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing. Cleaves naturally occurring long dsRNAs and short hairpin pre-microRNAs (miRNA) into fragments of twenty-one to twenty-three nucleotides with 3' overhang of two nucleotides, producing respectively short interfering RNAs (siRNA) and mature microRNAs. SiRNAs and miRNAs serve as guide to direct the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to complementary RNAs to degrade them or prevent their translation. Gene silencing mediated by siRNAs, al [...] (1922 aa)
TATDN3Putative deoxyribonuclease TATDN3; Putative deoxyribonuclease; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family. (281 aa)
CNOT8CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 8; Has 3'-5' poly(A) exoribonuclease activity for synthetic poly(A) RNA substrate. Its function seems to be partially redundant with that of CNOT7. Catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. During miRNA-mediated repression the complex seems also to act as translational repressor during translational initiation. Additional complex functions may be a [...] (292 aa)
ENDOVEndonuclease V; Endoribonuclease that specifically cleaves inosine-containing RNAs: cleaves RNA at the second phosphodiester bond 3' to inosine. Has strong preference for single-stranded RNAs (ssRNAs) toward double- stranded RNAs (dsRNAs). Cleaves mRNAs and tRNAs containing inosine. Also able to cleave structure-specific dsRNA substrates containing the specific sites 5'-IIUI-3' and 5'-UIUU-3'. Inosine is present in a number of RNAs following editing; the function of inosine-specific endoribonuclease is still unclear: it could either play a regulatory role in edited RNAs, or be involved [...] (282 aa)
H0YAE9_HUMANUncharacterized protein; Belongs to the RNase T2 family. (185 aa)
RNASET2Ribonuclease T2; Has ribonuclease activity, with higher activity at acidic pH. Probably is involved in lysosomal degradation of ribosomal RNA (By similarity). Probably plays a role in cellular RNA catabolism. Belongs to the RNase T2 family. (256 aa)
ASTE1Protein asteroid homolog 1; Possible role in EGF receptor signaling. (704 aa)
DROSHARibonuclease 3; Ribonuclease III double-stranded (ds) RNA-specific endoribonuclease that is involved in the initial step of microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Component of the microprocessor complex that is required to process primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) to release precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in the nucleus. Within the microprocessor complex, DROSHA cleaves the 3' and 5' strands of a stem-loop in pri- miRNAs (processing center 11 bp from the dsRNA-ssRNA junction) to release hairpin-shaped pre-miRNAs that are subsequently cut by the cytoplasmic DICER to generate mature miRNAs. Invo [...] (1374 aa)
CNOT6LCCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 6-like; Has 3'-5' poly(A) exoribonuclease activity for synthetic poly(A) RNA substrate. Catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA- mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. Additional complex functions may be a consequence of its influence on mRNA expression. May be involved in the deadenylation-dependent degradation of mRNAs through the 3 [...] (555 aa)
ZGRF1Protein ZGRF1; Zinc finger GRF-type containing 1. (2104 aa)
NUDT16U8 snoRNA-decapping enzyme; RNA-binding and decapping enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of the cap structure of snoRNAs and mRNAs in a metal-dependent manner. Part of the U8 snoRNP complex that is required for the accumulation of mature 5.8S and 28S rRNA. Has diphosphatase activity and removes m7G and/or m227G caps from U8 snoRNA and leaves a 5'monophosphate on the RNA. Catalyzes also the cleavage of the cap structure on mRNAs. Does not hydrolyze cap analog structures like 7-methylguanosine nucleoside triphosphate (m7GpppG). Also hydrolysis m7G- and m227G U3-capped RNAs but with less [...] (227 aa)
HELZ2Helicase with zinc finger domain 2; Helicase that acts as a transcriptional coactivator for a number of nuclear receptors including PPARA, PPARG, THRA, THRB and RXRA; Belongs to the DNA2/NAM7 helicase family. (2649 aa)
RPP14Ribonuclease P protein subunit p14; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Belongs to the eukaryotic/archaeal RNase P protein component 2 family. (124 aa)
RPP21Ribonuclease P protein subunit p21; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. (162 aa)
ENPP3Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3; Hydrolase that metabolizes extracellular nucleotides, including ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP. Limits mast cell and basophil responses during inflammation and during the chronic phases of allergic responses by eliminating the extracellular ATP that functions as signaling molecule and activates basophils and mast cells and induces the release of inflammatory cytokines. Metabolizes extracellular ATP in the lumen of the small intestine, and thereby prevents ATP-induced apoptosis of intestinal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (By simila [...] (875 aa)
ERN1Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase and endoribonuclease that acts as a key sensor for the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPR). In unstressed cells, the endoplasmic reticulum luminal domain is maintained in its inactive monomeric state by binding to the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone HSPA5/BiP. Accumulation of misfolded protein in the endoplasmic reticulum causes release of HSPA5/BiP, allowing the luminal domain to homodimerize, promoting autophosphorylation of the kinase domain and subsequent activation of the endor [...] (977 aa)
PNPT1Polyribonucleotide nucleotidyltransferase 1, mitochondrial; RNA-binding protein implicated in numerous RNA metabolic processes. Catalyzes the phosphorolysis of single-stranded polyribonucleotides processively in the 3'-to-5' direction. Mitochondrial intermembrane factor with RNA-processing exoribonulease activity. Component of the mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO) complex, that degrades 3' overhang double-stranded RNA with a 3'-to-5' directionality in an ATP-dependent manner. Involved in the degradation of non-coding mitochondrial transcripts (MT-ncRNA) and tRNA-like molecules. Require [...] (783 aa)
POLGDNA polymerase subunit gamma-1; Involved in the replication of mitochondrial DNA. Associates with mitochondrial DNA; Belongs to the DNA polymerase type-A family. (1239 aa)
ENDOUPoly(U)-specific endoribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that cleaves single-stranded RNAs at uridylates and releases products that have 2'-3'-cyclic phosphate termini. (410 aa)
TSEN34tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen34; Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA- splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structura [...] (315 aa)
SLFN14C-terminally truncated SLFN14 endoribonuclease; [Protein SLFN14]: Shows no ribosome-associated and endoribonuclease activities; Belongs to the Schlafen family. Subgroup III subfamily. (912 aa)
RPP30Ribonuclease P protein subunit p30; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences. (322 aa)
PARNPoly(A)-specific ribonuclease PARN; 3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. Interacts with both the 3'-end poly(A) tail and the 5'-end cap structure during degradation, the interaction with the cap structure being required for an efficient degradation of poly(A) tails. Involved in nonsens [...] (639 aa)
PLD35'-3' exonuclease PLD3; 5'->3' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Regulates inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids, by reducing the concentration of ssDNA able to stimulate TLR9, a nucleotide-sensing receptor in collaboration with PLD4 (By similarity). May be important in myotube formation. Plays a role in lysosomal homeostasis. Involved in the regulation of endosomal protein sorting. (490 aa)
ZC3H12DProbable ribonuclease ZC3H12D; May regulate cell growth likely by suppressing RB1 phosphorylation. May function as RNase and regulate the levels of target RNA species (Potential). In association with ZC3H12A enhances the degradation of interleukin IL-6 mRNA level in activated macrophages. Serve as a tumor suppressor in certain leukemia cells. Overexpression inhibits the G1 to S phase progression through suppression of RB1 phosphorylation. (527 aa)
DNASE1Deoxyribonuclease-1; Serum endocuclease secreted into body fluids by a wide variety of exocrine and endocrine organs. Expressed by non-hematopoietic tissues and preferentially cleaves protein-free DNA (By similarity). Among other functions, seems to be involved in cell death by apoptosis. Binds specifically to G-actin and blocks actin polymerization (By similarity). Together with DNASE1L3, plays a key role in degrading neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) (By similarity). NETs are mainly composed of DNA fibers and are released by neutrophils to bind pathogens during inflammation (By s [...] (282 aa)
POP1Ribonucleases P/MRP protein subunit POP1; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences. (1024 aa)
RBBP8DNA endonuclease RBBP8; Endonuclease that cooperates with the MRE11-RAD50-NBN (MRN) complex in DNA-end resection, the first step of double-strand break (DSB) repair through the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. HR is restricted to S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and preferentially repairs DSBs resulting from replication fork collapse. Key determinant of DSB repair pathway choice, as it commits cells to HR by preventing classical non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Functions downstream of the MRN complex and ATM, promotes ATR activation and its recruitment to DSBs in the S/G2 phas [...] (897 aa)
MBLAC1Metallo-beta-lactamase domain containing 1. (266 aa)
RNASE1Ribonuclease pancreatic; Endonuclease that catalyzes the cleavage of RNA on the 3' side of pyrimidine nucleotides. Acts on single-stranded and double- stranded RNA; Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. (156 aa)
MARF1Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1; Essential regulator of oogenesis required for female meiotic progression to repress transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Probably acts via some RNA metabolic process, equivalent to the piRNA system in males, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of RNAs and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Also required to protect from DNA double-strand breaks (By similarity). (1742 aa)
SLFN12Schlafen family member 12; Belongs to the Schlafen family. Subgroup II subfamily. (578 aa)
DNASE1L3Deoxyribonuclease gamma; Has DNA hydrolytic activity. Is capable of both single- and double-stranded DNA cleavage, producing DNA fragments with 3'-OH ends (By similarity). Can cleave chromatin to nucleosomal units and cleaves nucleosomal and liposome-coated DNA. Acts in internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (INDF) during apoptosis and necrosis. The role in apoptosis includes myogenic and neuronal differentiation, and BCR-mediated clonal deletion of self-reactive B cells (By similarity). Is active on chromatin in apoptotic cell-derived membrane-coated microparticles and thus suppresses ant [...] (305 aa)
ANKLE1Ankyrin repeat and LEM domain-containing protein 1; Endonuclease that probably plays a role in the DNA damage response and DNA repair. (669 aa)
G3BP1Ras GTPase-activating protein-binding protein 1; ATP- and magnesium-dependent helicase that plays an essential role in innate immunity. Participates in the DNA- triggered cGAS/STING pathway by promoting the DNA binding and activation of CGAS. Enhances also DDX58-induced type I interferon production probably by helping DDX58 at sensing pathogenic RNA. In addition, plays an essential role in stress granule formation. Unwinds preferentially partial DNA and RNA duplexes having a 17 bp annealed portion and either a hanging 3' tail or hanging tails at both 5'- and 3'-ends. Unwinds DNA/DNA, R [...] (466 aa)
EME1Crossover junction endonuclease EME1; Interacts with MUS81 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, replication forks and nicked Holliday junctions. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication forks. Belongs to the EME1/MMS4 family. (583 aa)
PNLDC1Poly(A)-specific ribonuclease PNLDC1; 3'-exoribonuclease that has a preference for poly(A) tails of mRNAs, thereby efficiently degrading poly(A) tails. Exonucleolytic degradation of the poly(A) tail is often the first step in the decay of eukaryotic mRNAs and is also used to silence certain maternal mRNAs translationally during oocyte maturation and early embryonic development. May act as a regulator of multipotency in embryonic stem cells (By similarity). (531 aa)
PGBD5PiggyBac transposable element-derived protein 5; Transposase that mediates sequence-specific genomic rearrangements. Can induce genomic rearrangements that inactivate the HPRT1 gene. (524 aa)
TSNTranslin; DNA-binding protein that specifically recognizes consensus sequences at the breakpoint junctions in chromosomal translocations, mostly involving immunoglobulin (Ig)/T-cell receptor gene segments. Seems to recognize single-stranded DNA ends generated by staggered breaks occurring at recombination hot spots; Belongs to the translin family. (228 aa)
DCP2m7GpppN-mRNA hydrolase; Decapping metalloenzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of the cap structure on mRNAs. Removes the 7- methyl guanine cap structure from mRNA molecules, yielding a 5'- phosphorylated mRNA fragment and 7m-GDP. Necessary for the degradation of mRNAs, both in normal mRNA turnover and in nonsense- mediated mRNA decay. Plays a role in replication- dependent histone mRNA degradation. Has higher activity towards mRNAs that lack a poly(A) tail. Has no activity towards a cap structure lacking an RNA moiety. The presence of a N(6)-methyladenosine methylation at the second tran [...] (420 aa)
SETMARHistone-lysine N-methyltransferase SETMAR; Protein derived from the fusion of a methylase with the transposase of an Hsmar1 transposon that plays a role in DNA double- strand break repair, stalled replication fork restart and DNA integration. DNA-binding protein, it is indirectly recruited to sites of DNA damage through protein-protein interactions. Has also kept a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity recognizing the 19-mer core of the 5'-terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of the Hsmar1 element and displays a DNA nicking and end joining activity. In parallel, has a histone methyltransf [...] (684 aa)
NYNRINProtein NYNRIN; NYN domain and retroviral integrase containing. (1898 aa)
RAD1Cell cycle checkpoint protein RAD1; Component of the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex that plays a major role in DNA repair. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. Acts then as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins involved in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). The 9-1-1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by increasing its affinity for the 3'-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds; endonuclease FEN1 cleavag [...] (282 aa)
RCL1RNA 3'-terminal phosphate cyclase-like protein; Does not have cyclase activity. Plays a role in 40S- ribosomal-subunit biogenesis in the early pre-rRNA processing steps at sites A0, A1 and A2 that are required for proper maturation of the 18S RNA (By similarity). (373 aa)
DDX1ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX1; Acts as an ATP-dependent RNA helicase, able to unwind both RNA-RNA and RNA-DNA duplexes. Possesses 5' single-stranded RNA overhang nuclease activity. Possesses ATPase activity on various RNA, but not DNA polynucleotides. May play a role in RNA clearance at DNA double- strand breaks (DSBs), thereby facilitating the template-guided repair of transcriptionally active regions of the genome. Together with RELA, acts as a coactivator to enhance NF-kappa-B-mediated transcriptional activation. Acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of cyclin CCND2 express [...] (740 aa)
GEN1Flap endonuclease GEN homolog 1; Endonuclease which resolves Holliday junctions (HJs) by the introduction of symmetrically related cuts across the junction point, to produce nicked duplex products in which the nicks can be readily ligated. Four-way DNA intermediates, also known as Holliday junctions, are formed during homologous recombination and DNA repair, and their resolution is necessary for proper chromosome segregation. Cleaves HJs by a nick and counter- nick mechanism involving dual coordinated incisions that lead to the formation of ligatable nicked duplex products. Cleavage of [...] (908 aa)
RPP40Ribonuclease P protein subunit p40; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences. (363 aa)
APTXAprataxin; DNA-binding protein involved in single-strand DNA break repair, double-strand DNA break repair and base excision repair. Resolves abortive DNA ligation intermediates formed either at base excision sites, or when DNA ligases attempt to repair non-ligatable breaks induced by reactive oxygen species. Catalyzes the release of adenylate groups covalently linked to 5'-phosphate termini, resulting in the production of 5'-phosphate termini that can be efficiently rejoined. Also able to hydrolyze adenosine 5'-monophosphoramidate (AMP-NH(2)) and diadenosine tetraphosphate (AppppA), bu [...] (342 aa)
EXOSC9Exosome complex component RRP45; Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cyto [...] (456 aa)
DCLRE1CProtein artemis; Required for V(D)J recombination, the process by which exons encoding the antigen-binding domains of immunoglobulins and T-cell receptor proteins are assembled from individual V, (D), and J gene segments. V(D)J recombination is initiated by the lymphoid specific RAG endonuclease complex, which generates site specific DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). These DSBs present two types of DNA end structures: hairpin sealed coding ends and phosphorylated blunt signal ends. These ends are independently repaired by the non homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway to form coding and [...] (692 aa)
TDP2Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2; DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 5'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 5' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead- end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase 2 (TOP2) active site tyrosine residue. The 5'-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase activity can enable the repair of TOP2-induced DNA double-strand breaks/DSBs without the need for nuclease activity, creating a 'clean' DSB with 5'- phosphate termini that are ready for ligation. Thereby, protects the transcription of [...] (362 aa)
DIS3Exosome complex exonuclease RRP44; Putative catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to t [...] (958 aa)
MGME1Mitochondrial genome maintenance exonuclease 1; Metal-dependent single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) exonuclease involved in mitochondrial genome maintenance. Has preference for 5'-3' exonuclease activity but is also capable of endoduclease activity on linear substrates. Necessary for maintenance of proper 7S DNA levels. Probably involved in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) repair, possibly via the processing of displaced DNA containing Okazaki fragments during RNA- primed DNA synthesis on the lagging strand or via processing of DNA flaps during long-patch base excision repair. Specifically binds 5- h [...] (344 aa)
XRN25'-3' exoribonuclease 2; Possesses 5'->3' exoribonuclease activity (By similarity). May promote the termination of transcription by RNA polymerase II. During transcription termination, cleavage at the polyadenylation site liberates a 5' fragment which is subsequently processed to form the mature mRNA and a 3' fragment which remains attached to the elongating polymerase. The processive degradation of this 3' fragment by this protein may promote termination of transcription. Binds to RNA polymerase II (RNAp II) transcription termination R-loops formed by G- rich pause sites. Belongs to t [...] (950 aa)
EXOSC10Exosome component 10; Putative catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytoplasm. [...] (885 aa)
DXODecapping and exoribonuclease protein; Ribonuclease that specifically degrades pre-mRNAs with a defective 5' end cap and is part of a pre-mRNA capping quality control. Has decapping, pyrophosphohydrolase and 5'-3' exonuclease activities. Has decapping activity toward incomplete 5' end cap mRNAs such as unmethylated 5' end-capped RNA to release GpppN and 5' end monophosphate RNA. The 5' end monophosphate RNA is then degraded by the 5'-3' exoribonuclease activity, enabling this enzyme to decap and degrade incompletely capped mRNAs. Also possesses RNA 5'- pyrophosphohydrolase activity by [...] (396 aa)
APEX2DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase 2; Functions as a weak apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break with 5'-deoxyribose phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. Displays also double-stranded DNA 3'-5' exonuclease, 3'- phosphodiesterase activities. Shows robust 3'-5' exonuclease activity on 3'-recessed heterodup [...] (518 aa)
LAS1LRibosomal biogenesis protein LAS1L; Involved in the biogenesis of the 60S ribosomal subunit. Required for maturation of the 28S rRNA. Functions as a component of the Five Friends of Methylated CHTOP (5FMC) complex; the 5FMC complex is recruited to ZNF148 by methylated CHTOP, leading to desumoylation of ZNF148 and subsequent transactivation of ZNF148 target genes. (734 aa)
AGO4Protein argonaute-4; Required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). Binds to short RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and represses the translation of mRNAs which are complementary to them. Lacks endonuclease activity and does not appear to cleave target mRNAs. Also required for RNA-directed transcription and replication of the human hapatitis delta virus (HDV). Belongs to the argonaute family. Ago subfamily. (861 aa)
AGO3Protein argonaute-3; Required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi). Binds to short RNAs such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and represses the translation of mRNAs which are complementary to them. Proposed to be involved in stabilization of small RNA derivates (riRNA) derived from processed RNA polymerase III-transcribed Alu repeats containing a DR2 retinoic acid response element (RARE) in stem cells and in the subsequent riRNA- dependent degradation of a subset of RNA polymerase II-transcribed coding mRNAs by recruiting a mRNA decapping complex involving EDC4. Possesses RNA slicer activity bu [...] (860 aa)
ZC3H12AEndoribonuclease ZC3H12A; Endoribonuclease involved in various biological functions such as cellular inflammatory response and immune homeostasis, glial differentiation of neuroprogenitor cells, cell death of cardiomyocytes, adipogenesis and angiogenesis. Functions as an endoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay. Modulates the inflammatory response by promoting the degradation of a set of translationally active cytokine-induced inflammation-related mRNAs, such as IL6 and IL12B, during the early phase of inflammation. Prevents aberrant T-cell-mediated immune reaction by degradation of mul [...] (599 aa)
EXO5Exonuclease V; Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) bidirectional exonuclease involved in DNA repair. Probably involved in DNA repair following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and interstrand cross-links (ICLs) damage. Has both 5'-3' and 3'-5' exonuclease activities with a strong preference for 5'-ends. Acts as a sliding exonuclease that loads at ssDNA ends and then slides along the ssDNA prior to cutting; however the sliding and the 3'-5' exonuclease activities are abolished upon binding to the replication protein A (RPA) complex that enforces 5'- directionality activity. (373 aa)
ENDOGEndonuclease G, mitochondrial; Cleaves DNA at double-stranded (DG)n.(DC)n and at single- stranded (DC)n tracts. In addition to deoxyribonuclease activities, also has ribonuclease (RNase) and RNase H activities. Capable of generating the RNA primers required by DNA polymerase gamma to initiate replication of mitochondrial DNA (By similarity); Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family. (297 aa)
EXOSC2Exosome complex component RRP4; Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cytop [...] (293 aa)
ERI3ERI1 exoribonuclease family member 3. (337 aa)
TOE1Target of EGR1 protein 1; Inhibits cell growth rate and cell cycle. Induces CDKN1A expression as well as TGF-beta expression. Mediates the inhibitory growth effect of EGR1. Involved in the maturation of snRNAs and snRNA 3'-tail processing. (510 aa)
REXO4REX4 homolog, 3'-5' exonuclease. (422 aa)
DNASE2BDeoxyribonuclease-2-beta; Hydrolyzes DNA under acidic conditions. Does not require divalent cations for activity. Participates in the degradation of nuclear DNA during lens cell differentiation. (361 aa)
HAUS7HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 7; Contributes to mitotic spindle assembly, maintenance of centrosome integrity and completion of cytokinesis as part of the HAUS augmin-like complex; Belongs to the HAUS7 family. (368 aa)
DNASE1L1Deoxyribonuclease 1 like 1; Belongs to the DNase I family. (302 aa)
RNASEL2-5A-dependent ribonuclease; Endoribonuclease that functions in the interferon (IFN) antiviral response. In INF treated and virus infected cells, RNASEL probably mediates its antiviral effects through a combination of direct cleavage of single-stranded viral RNAs, inhibition of protein synthesis through the degradation of rRNA, induction of apoptosis, and induction of other antiviral genes. RNASEL mediated apoptosis is the result of a JNK-dependent stress-response pathway leading to cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, activation of RNASEL [...] (741 aa)
ANGEL2Angel homolog 2. (544 aa)
TSNAXTranslin-associated protein X; Acts in combination with TSN as an endonuclease involved in the activation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). Possible role in spermatogenesis. (290 aa)
EXO1Exonuclease 1; 5'->3' double-stranded DNA exonuclease which may also possess a cryptic 3'->5' double-stranded DNA exonuclease activity. Functions in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) to excise mismatch-containing DNA tracts directed by strand breaks located either 5' or 3' to the mismatch. Also exhibits endonuclease activity against 5'-overhanging flap structures similar to those generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. Required for somatic hypermutation (SHM) and class switch recombination (CSR) of immunoglobulin genes. Es [...] (846 aa)
TSEN15tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen15; Non-catalytic subunit of the tRNA-splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5' and 3' splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3' cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural features of the tRNA bo [...] (175 aa)
CNOT7CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 7; Has 3'-5' poly(A) exoribonuclease activity for synthetic poly(A) RNA substrate. Its function seems to be partially redundant with that of CNOT8. Catalytic component of the CCR4-NOT complex which is one of the major cellular mRNA deadenylases and is linked to various cellular processes including bulk mRNA degradation, miRNA-mediated repression, translational repression during translational initiation and general transcription regulation. During miRNA-mediated repression the complex seems also to act as translational repressor during translationa [...] (285 aa)
DCLRE1ADNA cross-link repair 1A protein; May be required for DNA interstrand cross-link repair. Also required for checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest in early prophase in response to mitotic spindle poisons. (1040 aa)
FAN1Fanconi-associated nuclease 1; Nuclease required for the repair of DNA interstrand cross- links (ICL) recruited at sites of DNA damage by monoubiquitinated FANCD2. Specifically involved in repair of ICL-induced DNA breaks by being required for efficient homologous recombination, probably in the resolution of homologous recombination intermediates. Not involved in DNA double-strand breaks resection. Acts as a 5'-3' exonuclease that anchors at a cut end of DNA and cleaves DNA successively at every third nucleotide, allowing to excise an ICL from one strand through flanking incisions. Pro [...] (1017 aa)
DNA2DNA replication ATP-dependent helicase/nuclease DNA2; Key enzyme involved in DNA replication and DNA repair in nucleus and mitochondrion. Involved in Okazaki fragments processing by cleaving long flaps that escape FEN1: flaps that are longer than 27 nucleotides are coated by replication protein A complex (RPA), leading to recruit DNA2 which cleaves the flap until it is too short to bind RPA and becomes a substrate for FEN1. Also involved in 5'-end resection of DNA during double-strand break (DSB) repair: recruited by BLM and mediates the cleavage of 5'-ssDNA, while the 3'-ssDNA cleavag [...] (1060 aa)
ERI2ERI1 exoribonuclease family member 2; Belongs to the ERI2 family. (691 aa)
POP5Ribonuclease P/MRP protein subunit POP5; Component of ribonuclease P, a protein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences. (163 aa)
PIWIL2Piwi-like protein 2; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity (By similarity). Plays an essential role in meiotic differentiation of spermatocytes, germ cell differentiation and in self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells (By similarity). Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent re [...] (973 aa)
PXDNLPeroxidasin-like protein; [Isoform PMR1]: Endonuclease selectively degrading some target mRNAs while they are engaged by translating ribosomes, among which albumin and beta-globin mRNAs. (1463 aa)
SND1Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1; Endonuclease that mediates miRNA decay of both protein-free and AGO2-loaded miRNAs. As part of its function in miRNA decay, regulates mRNAs involved in G1-to-S phase transition. Functions as a bridging factor between STAT6 and the basal transcription factor. Plays a role in PIM1 regulation of MYB activity. Functions as a transcriptional coactivator for STAT5 (By similarity). (910 aa)
PLSCR1Phospholipid scramblase 1; May mediate accelerated ATP-independent bidirectional transbilayer migration of phospholipids upon binding calcium ions that results in a loss of phospholipid asymmetry in the plasma membrane. May play a central role in the initiation of fibrin clot formation, in the activation of mast cells and in the recognition of apoptotic and injured cells by the reticuloendothelial system. (318 aa)
ZC3H12BProbable ribonuclease ZC3H12B; May function as RNase and regulate the levels of target RNA species. (836 aa)
EXD3Exonuclease mut-7 homolog; Possesses 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity. Required for 3'-end trimming of AGO1-bound miRNAs (By similarity); Belongs to the mut-7 family. (876 aa)
DFFBDNA fragmentation factor subunit beta; Nuclease that induces DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. Degrades naked DNA and induces apoptotic morphology. (362 aa)
ELAC2Zinc phosphodiesterase ELAC protein 2; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays mitochondrial tRNA 3'- processing endonuclease activity. Involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'-trailer from precursor tRNA. (826 aa)
TDP1Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1; DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 3'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 3' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead- end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase I active site tyrosine residue. Hydrolyzes 3'-phosphoglycolates on protruding 3' ends on DNA double-strand breaks due to DNA damage by radiation and free radicals. Acts on blunt-ended double-strand DNA breaks and on single-stranded DNA. Has low 3'exonuclease activity and can remove a single nucleoside from the [...] (608 aa)
NME1Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Possesses nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for n [...] (177 aa)
ANGAngiogenin; Binds to actin on the surface of endothelial cells; once bound, angiogenin is endocytosed and translocated to the nucleus. Stimulates ribosomal RNA synthesis including that containing the initiation site sequences of 45S rRNA. Cleaves tRNA within anticodon loops to produce tRNA-derived stress-induced fragments (tiRNAs) which inhibit protein synthesis and triggers the assembly of stress granules (SGs). Angiogenin induces vascularization of normal and malignant tissues. Angiogenic activity is regulated by interaction with RNH1 in vivo. (147 aa)
RAD51CDNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 3; Essential for the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair. Involved in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway of double-stranded DNA breaks arising during DNA replication or induced by DNA-damaging agents. Part of the RAD21 paralog protein complexes BCDX2 and CX3 which act at different stages of the BRCA1- BRCA2-dependent HR pathway. Upon DNA damage, BCDX2 seems to act downstream of BRCA2 recruitment and upstream of RAD51 recruitment; CX3 seems to act downstream of RAD51 recruitment; both complexes bind predominantly to the int [...] (376 aa)
TREX2Three prime repair exonuclease 2; Exonuclease with a preference for double-stranded DNA with mismatched 3' termini. May play a role in DNA repair. (236 aa)
AENApoptosis-enhancing nuclease; Exonuclease with activity against single- and double-stranded DNA and RNA. Mediates p53-induced apoptosis. When induced by p53 following DNA damage, digests double-stranded DNA to form single- stranded DNA and amplifies DNA damage signals, leading to enhancement of apoptosis. (325 aa)
PIWIL3Piwi-like protein 3; May play a role during spermatogenesis by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and govern the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived from transposons and other repeated sequen [...] (882 aa)
YBEYEndoribonuclease YbeY; Single strand-specific metallo-endoribonuclease involved in rRNA maturation. (167 aa)
SLX1BSLX1 homolog B, structure-specific endonuclease subunit. (275 aa)
MRE11Double-strand break repair protein MRE11; Component of the MRN complex, which plays a central role in double-strand break (DSB) repair, DNA recombination, maintenance of telomere integrity and meiosis. The complex possesses single-strand endonuclease activity and double-strand- specific 3'-5' exonuclease activity, which are provided by MRE11. RAD50 may be required to bind DNA ends and hold them in close proximity. This could facilitate searches for short or long regions of sequence homology in the recombining DNA templates, and may also stimulate the activity of DNA ligases and/or rest [...] (708 aa)
PNKPBifunctional polynucleotide phosphatase/kinase; Plays a key role in the repair of DNA damage, functioning as part of both the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and base excision repair (BER) pathways. Through its two catalytic activities, PNK ensures that DNA termini are compatible with extension and ligation by either removing 3'-phosphates from, or by phosphorylating 5'-hydroxyl groups on, the ribose sugar of the DNA backbone. (521 aa)
ISG20L2Interferon-stimulated 20 kDa exonuclease-like 2; 3'-> 5'-exoribonuclease involved in ribosome biogenesis in the processing of the 12S pre-rRNA. Displays a strong specificity for a 3'-end containing a free hydroxyl group. (353 aa)
ATRIPATR-interacting protein; Required for checkpoint signaling after DNA damage. Required for ATR expression, possibly by stabilizing the protein. Belongs to the ATRIP family. (791 aa)
EXOSC3Exosome complex component RRP40; Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cyto [...] (275 aa)
POLEDNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A; Catalytic component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex. Participates in chromosomal DNA replication (By similarity). Required during synthesis of the leading DNA strands at the replication fork, binds at/or near replication origins and moves along DNA with the replication fork (By similarity). Has 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity that corrects errors arising during DNA replication (By similarity). Involved in DNA synthesis during DNA repair. Along with DNA polymerase POLD1 and DNA polymerase POLK, has a role in excision repair (NER) [...] (2286 aa)
DIS3LDIS3-like exonuclease 1; Putative cytoplasm-specific catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the cytoplasm, the RNA exosome complex is involved in general mRNA turnover and specifically degrades inherently unstable mRNAs containing AU-rich elements (AREs) within their 3' untranslated regions, and in RNA surveillance pathways, preventing translation of aberrant mRNAs. It seems to be involved in degradation of histone mRNA. (1054 aa)
HARBI1Putative nuclease HARBI1; Transposase-derived protein that may have nuclease activity (Potential). Does not have transposase activity. (349 aa)
RPP25Ribonuclease P protein subunit p25; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences. (199 aa)
PLD6Mitochondrial cardiolipin hydrolase; Endonuclease that plays a critical role in PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) biogenesis during spermatogenesis. piRNAs provide essential protection against the activity of mobile genetic elements (By similarity). piRNA-mediated transposon silencing is thus critical for maintaining genome stability, in particular in germline cells when transposons are mobilized as a consequence of wide-spread genomic demethylation (By similarity). Has been proposed to act as a cardiolipin hydrolase to generate phosphatidic acid at mitochondrial surface (By similarity). Al [...] (252 aa)
DIS3L2DIS3-like exonuclease 2; 3'-5'-exoribonuclease that specifically recognizes RNAs polyuridylated at their 3' end and mediates their degradation. Component of an exosome-independent RNA degradation pathway that mediates degradation of both mRNAs and miRNAs that have been polyuridylated by a terminal uridylyltransferase, such as ZCCHC11/TUT4. Mediates degradation of cytoplasmic mRNAs that have been deadenylated and subsequently uridylated at their 3'. Mediates degradation of uridylated pre-let-7 miRNAs, contributing to the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Essential for correct mi [...] (885 aa)
EXOSC4Exosome complex component RRP41; Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cyto [...] (245 aa)
MEIOBMeiosis-specific with OB domain-containing protein; Single-stranded DNA-binding protein required for homologous recombination in meiosis I. Required for double strand breaks (DSBs) repair and crossover formation and promotion of faithful and complete synapsis. Not required for the initial loading of recombinases but required to maintain a proper number of RAD51 and DMC1 foci after the zygotene stage. May act by ensuring the stabilization of recombinases, which is required for successful homology search and meiotic recombination. Displays Single-stranded DNA 3'-5' exonuclease activity i [...] (471 aa)
RNASEH1Ribonuclease H1; Endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA-DNA hybrids. Plays a role in RNA polymerase II (RNAp II) transcription termination by degrading R-loop RNA-DNA hybrid formation at G-rich pause sites located downstream of the poly(A) site and behind the elongating RNAp II ; Belongs to the RNase H family. (286 aa)
EXD2Exonuclease 3'-5' domain-containing protein 2; Exonuclease that has both 3'-5' exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities, depending on the divalent metal cation used as cofactor. In presence of Mg(2+), only shows 3'-5' exoribonuclease activity, while it shows both exoribonuclease and exodeoxyribonuclease activities in presence of Mn(2+). Acts as an exoribonuclease in mitochondrion, possibly by regulating ATP production and mitochondrial translation. Also involved in the response to DNA damage. Acts as 3'- 5' exodeoxyribonuclease for double-strand breaks resection and efficien [...] (621 aa)
PPP1R8Nuclear inhibitor of protein phosphatase 1; Inhibitor subunit of the major nuclear protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1). It has RNA-binding activity but does not cleave RNA and may target PP-1 to RNA-associated substrates. May also be involved in pre- mRNA splicing. Binds DNA and might act as a transcriptional repressor. Seems to be required for cell proliferation. (351 aa)
RNASE8Ribonuclease 8; Has a low ribonuclease activity. (154 aa)
RAD9ACell cycle checkpoint control protein RAD9A; Component of the 9-1-1 cell-cycle checkpoint response complex that plays a major role in DNA repair. The 9-1-1 complex is recruited to DNA lesion upon damage by the RAD17-replication factor C (RFC) clamp loader complex. Acts then as a sliding clamp platform on DNA for several proteins involved in long-patch base excision repair (LP-BER). The 9-1-1 complex stimulates DNA polymerase beta (POLB) activity by increasing its affinity for the 3'-OH end of the primer-template and stabilizes POLB to those sites where LP-BER proceeds; endonuclease FEN [...] (391 aa)
ERCC4DNA repair endonuclease XPF; Catalytic component of a structure-specific DNA repair endonuclease responsible for the 5-prime incision during DNA repair. Involved in homologous recombination that assists in removing interstrand cross-link; Belongs to the XPF family. (916 aa)
PDE122',5'-phosphodiesterase 12; Enzyme that cleaves 2',5'-phosphodiester bond linking adenosines of the 5'-triphosphorylated oligoadenylates, triphosphorylated oligoadenylates referred as 2-5A modulates the 2-5A system. Degrades triphosphorylated 2-5A to produce AMP and ATP. Also cleaves 3',5'-phosphodiester bond of oligoadenylates. Plays a role as a negative regulator of the 2-5A system that is one of the major pathways for antiviral and antitumor functions induced by interferons (IFNs). Suppression of this enzyme increases cellular 2-5A levels and decreases viral replication in cultured [...] (609 aa)
MUS81Crossover junction endonuclease MUS81; Interacts with EME1 and EME2 to form a DNA structure-specific endonuclease with substrate preference for branched DNA structures with a 5'-end at the branch nick. Typical substrates include 3'-flap structures, replication forks and nicked Holliday junctions. May be required in mitosis for the processing of stalled or collapsed replication forks. Belongs to the XPF family. (551 aa)
APLFAprataxin and PNK-like factor; Nuclease involved in single-strand and double-strand DNA break repair. Recruited to sites of DNA damage through interaction with poly(ADP-ribose), a polymeric post- translational modification synthesized transiently at sites of chromosomal damage to accelerate DNA strand break repair reactions. Displays apurinic- apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease and 3'-5' exonuclease activities in vitro. Also able to introduce nicks at hydroxyuracil and other types of pyrimidine base damage. Together with PARP3, promotes the retention of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex on chromatin [...] (511 aa)
ISG20Interferon-stimulated gene 20 kDa protein; Interferon-induced antiviral exoribonuclease that acts on single-stranded RNA and also has minor activity towards single-stranded DNA. Exhibits antiviral activity against RNA viruses including hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis A virus (HAV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) in an exonuclease-dependent manner. May also play additional roles in the maturation of snRNAs and rRNAs, and in ribosome biogenesis. (181 aa)
OGG1DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; DNA repair enzyme that incises DNA at 8-oxoG residues. Excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N- methylformamidopyrimidine (FAPY) from damaged DNA. Has a beta-lyase activity that nicks DNA 3' to the lesion; Belongs to the type-1 OGG1 family. (424 aa)
FEN1Flap endonuclease 1; Structure-specific nuclease with 5'-flap endonuclease and 5'- 3' exonuclease activities involved in DNA replication and repair. During DNA replication, cleaves the 5'-overhanging flap structure that is generated by displacement synthesis when DNA polymerase encounters the 5'-end of a downstream Okazaki fragment. It enters the flap from the 5'-end and then tracks to cleave the flap base, leaving a nick for ligation. Also involved in the long patch base excision repair (LP-BER) pathway, by cleaving within the apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site- terminated flap. Acts as [...] (380 aa)
POP7Ribonuclease P protein subunit p20; Component of ribonuclease P, a ribonucleoprotein complex that generates mature tRNA molecules by cleaving their 5'-ends. Also a component of the MRP ribonuclease complex, which cleaves pre-rRNA sequences. (140 aa)
RNASE2Non-secretory ribonuclease; This is a non-secretory ribonuclease. It is a pyrimidine specific nuclease with a slight preference for U. Cytotoxin and helminthotoxin. Selectively chemotactic for dendritic cells. Possesses a wide variety of biological activities; Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. (161 aa)
RNASE3Eosinophil cationic protein; Cytotoxin and helminthotoxin with low-efficiency ribonuclease activity. Possesses a wide variety of biological activities. Exhibits antibacterial activity, including cytoplasmic membrane depolarization of preferentially Gram-negative, but also Gram-positive strains. Promotes E.coli outer membrane detachment, alteration of the overall cell shape and partial loss of cell content. (160 aa)
RNASE6Ribonuclease K6; Ribonuclease which shows a preference for the pyrimidines uridine and cytosine. Has potent antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-positive and Gram- negative bacteria, including P.aeruginosa, A.baumanii, M.luteus, S.aureus, E.faecalis, E.faecium, S.saprophyticus and E.coli. Causes loss of bacterial membrane integrity, and also promotes agglutination of Gram-negative bacteria. Probably contributes to urinary tract sterility. Bactericidal activity is independent of RNase activity. (150 aa)
RAG1V(D)J recombination-activating protein 1; Catalytic component of the RAG complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates the DNA cleavage phase during V(D)J recombination. V(D)J recombination assembles a diverse repertoire of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor genes in developing B and T- lymphocytes through rearrangement of different V (variable), in some cases D (diversity), and J (joining) gene segments. In the RAG complex, RAG1 mediates the DNA-binding to the conserved recombination signal sequences (RSS) and catalyzes the DNA cleavage activities by introducing a double-strand break [...] (1043 aa)
RNASE7Ribonuclease 7; Exhibits a potent RNase activity. Has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic microorganisms and remarkably potent activity (lethal dose of 90% < 30 nM) against a vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecium. Causes loss of bacterial membrane integrity. Probably contributes to urinary tract sterility. Bactericidal activity is independent of RNase activity. Belongs to the pancreatic ribonuclease family. (156 aa)
WRNWerner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase; Multifunctional enzyme that has both magnesium and ATP- dependent DNA-helicase activity and 3'->5' exonuclease activity towards double-stranded DNA with a 5'-overhang. Has no nuclease activity towards single-stranded DNA or blunt-ended double-stranded DNA. Binds preferentially to DNA substrates containing alternate secondary structures, such as replication forks and Holliday junctions. May play an important role in the dissociation of joint DNA molecules that can arise as products of homologous recombination, at stalled replication forks or durin [...] (1432 aa)
AZGP1Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein; Stimulates lipid degradation in adipocytes and causes the extensive fat losses associated with some advanced cancers. May bind polyunsaturated fatty acids; Belongs to the MHC class I family. (298 aa)
EXOGNuclease EXOG, mitochondrial; Endo/exonuclease with nicking activity towards supercoiled DNA, a preference for single-stranded DNA and 5'-3' exonuclease activity. (368 aa)
TATDN2Putative deoxyribonuclease TATDN2; Putative deoxyribonuclease. (761 aa)
SLFN13Schlafen family member 13; Endoribonuclease that cleaves tRNAs and rRNAs. Cleaves tRNAs 11 nucleotides from the 3'-terminus at the acceptor stem. Does not act on tRNA(Sec). Able to restrict HIV-1 virus replication; ability to inhibit HIV-1 replication is dependent on endoribonuclease activity. (897 aa)
TSEN2tRNA-splicing endonuclease subunit Sen2; Constitutes one of the two catalytic subunit of the tRNA- splicing endonuclease complex, a complex responsible for identification and cleavage of the splice sites in pre-tRNA. It cleaves pre-tRNA at the 5'- and 3'-splice sites to release the intron. The products are an intron and two tRNA half-molecules bearing 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH termini. There are no conserved sequences at the splice sites, but the intron is invariably located at the same site in the gene, placing the splice sites an invariant distance from the constant structural [...] (465 aa)
NOCTNocturnin; Phosphatase which catalyzes the conversion of NADP(+) to NAD(+) and of NADPH to NADH. Shows a small preference for NADPH over NADP(+). Represses translation and promotes degradation of target mRNA molecules. Plays an important role in post-transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes under circadian control (By similarity). Exerts a rhythmic post- transcriptional control of genes necessary for metabolic functions including nutrient absorption, glucose/insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, inflammation and osteogenesis (By similarity). Plays an important role [...] (431 aa)
ZC3H12CProbable ribonuclease ZC3H12C; May function as RNase and regulate the levels of target RNA species; Belongs to the ZC3H12 family. (883 aa)
RPS340S ribosomal protein S3; Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit. Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA. Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA. Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro- 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA. Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protei [...] (259 aa)
ENDOD1Endonuclease domain-containing 1 protein; May act as a DNase and a RNase; Belongs to the DNA/RNA non-specific endonuclease family. (500 aa)
TATDN1Putative deoxyribonuclease TATDN1; Putative deoxyribonuclease; Belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. TatD-type hydrolase family. (297 aa)
LACTB2Endoribonuclease LACTB2; Endoribonuclease; cleaves preferentially 3' to purine- pyrimidine dinucleotide motifs in single-stranded RNA. The cleavage product contains a free 3' -OH group. Has no activity with double- stranded RNA or DNA. Required for normal mitochondrial function and cell viability; Belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily. Glyoxalase II family. (288 aa)
PELOProtein pelota homolog; Required for normal chromosome segregation during cell division and genomic stability (By similarity). May function in recognizing stalled ribosomes and triggering endonucleolytic cleavage of the mRNA, a mechanism to release non-functional ribosomes and degrade damaged mRNAs. May have ribonuclease activity (Potential). Belongs to the eukaryotic release factor 1 family. Pelota subfamily. (385 aa)
ELAC1Zinc phosphodiesterase ELAC protein 1; Zinc phosphodiesterase, which displays some tRNA 3'- processing endonuclease activity. Probably involved in tRNA maturation, by removing a 3'-trailer from precursor tRNA; Belongs to the RNase Z family. (363 aa)
NOB1RNA-binding protein NOB1; May play a role in mRNA degradation (Probable). Endonuclease required for processing of 20S pre-rRNA precursor and biogenesis of 40S ribosomal subunits (By similarity); Belongs to the NOB1 family. (412 aa)
FANCMFanconi anemia group M protein; DNA-dependent ATPase component of the Fanconi anemia (FA) core complex. Required for the normal activation of the FA pathway, leading to monoubiquitination of the FANCI-FANCD2 complex in response to DNA damage, cellular resistance to DNA cross- linking drugs, and prevention of chromosomal breakage. In complex with CENPS and CENPX, binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), fork- structured DNA (fsDNA) and Holliday junction substrates. Its ATP-dependent DNA branch migration activity can process branched DNA structures such as a movable replication fork. This acti [...] (2048 aa)
C12orf10UPF0160 protein MYG1, mitochondrial; Belongs to the UPF0160 (MYG1) family. (376 aa)
PMS2Mismatch repair endonuclease PMS2; Component of the post-replicative DNA mismatch repair system (MMR). Heterodimerizes with MLH1 to form MutL alpha. DNA repair is initiated by MutS alpha (MSH2-MSH6) or MutS beta (MSH2-MSH3) binding to a dsDNA mismatch, then MutL alpha is recruited to the heteroduplex. Assembly of the MutL-MutS-heteroduplex ternary complex in presence of RFC and PCNA is sufficient to activate endonuclease activity of PMS2. It introduces single-strand breaks near the mismatch and thus generates new entry points for the exonuclease EXO1 to degrade the strand containing th [...] (862 aa)
EXOSC7Exosome complex component RRP42; Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cyto [...] (291 aa)
XRN15'-3' exoribonuclease 1; Major 5'-3' exoribonuclease involved in mRNA decay. Required for the 5'-3'-processing of the G4 tetraplex-containing DNA and RNA substrates. The kinetic of hydrolysis is faster for G4 RNA tetraplex than for G4 DNA tetraplex and monomeric RNA tetraplex. Binds to RNA and DNA (By similarity). Plays a role in replication-dependent histone mRNA degradation. May act as a tumor suppressor protein in osteogenic sarcoma (OGS). (1706 aa)
ZRANB3DNA annealing helicase and endonuclease ZRANB3; DNA annealing helicase and endonuclease required to maintain genome stability at stalled or collapsed replication forks by facilitating fork restart and limiting inappropriate recombination that could occur during template switching events. Recruited to the sites of stalled DNA replication by polyubiquitinated PCNA and acts as a structure-specific endonuclease that cleaves the replication fork D-loop intermediate, generating an accessible 3'-OH group in the template of the leading strand, which is amenable to extension by DNA polymerase. [...] (1079 aa)
ARID3AAT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3A; Transcription factor which may be involved in the control of cell cycle progression by the RB1/E2F1 pathway and in B-cell differentiation. (593 aa)
DCPSm7GpppX diphosphatase; Decapping scavenger enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of a residual cap structure following the degradation of mRNAs by the 3'->5' exosome-mediated mRNA decay pathway. Hydrolyzes cap analog structures like 7-methylguanosine nucleoside triphosphate (m7GpppG) with up to 10 nucleotide substrates (small capped oligoribonucleotides) and specifically releases 5'-phosphorylated RNA fragments and 7- methylguanosine monophosphate (m7GMP). Cleaves cap analog structures like tri-methyl guanosine nucleoside triphosphate (m3(2,2,7)GpppG) with very poor efficiency. Does not h [...] (337 aa)
SMG6Telomerase-binding protein EST1A; Component of the telomerase ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex that is essential for the replication of chromosome termini. May have a general role in telomere regulation. Promotes in vitro the ability of TERT to elongate telomeres. Overexpression induces telomere uncapping, chromosomal end-to-end fusions (telomeric DNA persists at the fusion points) and did not perturb TRF2 telomeric localization. Binds to the single-stranded 5'-(GTGTGG)(4)GTGT-3' telomeric DNA, but not to a telomerase RNA template component (TER). (1419 aa)
N4BP1NEDD4-binding protein 1; Inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ITCH. Acts by interacting with the second WW domain of ITCH, leading to compete with ITCH's substrates and impairing ubiquitination of substrates (By similarity); Belongs to the N4BP1 family. (896 aa)
N4BP2NEDD4-binding protein 2; Has 5'-polynucleotide kinase and nicking endonuclease activity. May play a role in DNA repair or recombination. (1770 aa)
REXO5RNA exonuclease 5. (774 aa)
DBR1Lariat debranching enzyme; Cleaves the 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage at the branch point of lariat intron pre-mRNAs after splicing and converts them into linear molecules that are subsequently degraded. It thereby facilitates ribonucleotide turnover. It may also participate in retrovirus replication via an RNA lariat intermediate in cDNA synthesis. Belongs to the lariat debranching enzyme family. (544 aa)
ENPP2Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 2; Hydrolyzes lysophospholipids to produce the signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in extracellular fluids. Major substrate is lysophosphatidylcholine. Also can act on sphingosylphosphorylcholine producing sphingosine-1-phosphate, a modulator of cell motility. Can hydrolyze, in vitro, bis-pNPP, to some extent pNP-TMP, and barely ATP. Involved in several motility-related processes such as angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. Acts as an angiogenic factor by stimulating migration of smooth muscle cells and microtubul [...] (915 aa)
MRPL4439S ribosomal protein L44, mitochondrial; Component of the 39S subunit of mitochondrial ribosome. May have a function in the assembly/stability of nascent mitochondrial polypeptides exiting the ribosome. (332 aa)
ERN2Serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE2; Induces translational repression through 28S ribosomal RNA cleavage in response to ER stress. Pro-apoptotic. Appears to play no role in the unfolded-protein response, unlike closely related proteins. (926 aa)
RIDA2-iminobutanoate/2-iminopropanoate deaminase; Catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of enamine/imine intermediates that form during the course of normal metabolism. May facilitate the release of ammonia from these potentially toxic reactive metabolites, reducing their impact on cellular components. It may act on enamine/imine intermediates formed by several types of pyridoxal-5'- phosphate-dependent dehydratases including L-threonine dehydratase. Belongs to the RutC family. (137 aa)
SLX1AStructure-specific endonuclease subunit SLX1; Catalytic subunit of the SLX1-SLX4 structure-specific endonuclease that resolves DNA secondary structures generated during DNA repair and recombination. Has endonuclease activity towards branched DNA substrates, introducing single-strand cuts in duplex DNA close to junctions with ss-DNA. Has a preference for 5'-flap structures, and promotes symmetrical cleavage of static and migrating Holliday junctions (HJs). Resolves HJs by generating two pairs of ligatable, nicked duplex products. (275 aa)
ANGEL1Angel homolog 1; Belongs to the CCR4/nocturin family. (670 aa)
ERI13'-5' exoribonuclease 1; RNA exonuclease that binds to the 3'-end of histone mRNAs and degrades them, suggesting that it plays an essential role in histone mRNA decay after replication. A 2' and 3'-hydroxyl groups at the last nucleotide of the histone 3'-end is required for efficient degradation of RNA substrates. Also able to degrade the 3'-overhangs of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in vitro, suggesting a possible role as regulator of RNA interference (RNAi). Requires for binding the 5'- ACCCA-3' sequence present in stem-loop structure. Able to bind other mRNAs. Required for 5.8S rR [...] (349 aa)
MBD4Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4; Mismatch-specific DNA N-glycosylase involved in DNA repair. Has thymine glycosylase activity and is specific for G:T mismatches within methylated and unmethylated CpG sites. Can also remove uracil or 5-fluorouracil in G:U mismatches. Has no lyase activity. Was first identified as methyl-CpG-binding protein. (580 aa)
PIWIL1Piwi-like protein 1; Endoribonuclease that plays a central role in postnatal germ cells by repressing transposable elements and preventing their mobilization, which is essential for the germline integrity. Acts via the piRNA metabolic process, which mediates the repression of transposable elements during meiosis by forming complexes composed of piRNAs and Piwi proteins and governs the methylation and subsequent repression of transposons. Directly binds methylated piRNAs, a class of 24 to 30 nucleotide RNAs that are generated by a Dicer-independent mechanism and are primarily derived fr [...] (861 aa)
TRIRTelomerase RNA component interacting RNase; Exoribonuclease that is part of the telomerase RNA 3' end processing complex and which has the ability to all four unpaired RNA nucleotides from 5' end or 3' end with higher efficiency for purine bases. (176 aa)
CPSF3Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3; Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) complex that play a key role in pre-mRNA 3'-end formation, recognizing the AAUAAA signal sequence and interacting with poly(A) polymerase and other factors to bring about cleavage and poly(A) addition. Has endonuclease activity, and functions as mRNA 3'- end-processing endonuclease. Also involved in the histone 3'-end pre- mRNA processing. U7 snRNP-dependent protein that induces both the 3'- endoribonucleolytic cleavage of histone pre-mRNAs and acts as a 5' [...] (684 aa)
NUDT12Peroxisomal NADH pyrophosphatase NUDT12; Hydrolyzes NAD(P)H to NMNH and AMP (2',5'-ADP), and diadenosine diphosphate to AMP. Has also activity towards NAD(P)(+), ADP-ribose and diadenosine triphosphate. May act to regulate the concentration of peroxisomal nicotinamide nucleotide cofactors required for oxidative metabolism in this organelle. Belongs to the Nudix hydrolase family. NudC subfamily. (462 aa)
DNASE2Deoxyribonuclease-2-alpha; Hydrolyzes DNA under acidic conditions with a preference for double-stranded DNA. Plays a major role in the degradation of nuclear DNA in cellular apoptosis during development. Necessary for proper fetal development and for definitive erythropoiesis in fetal liver, where it degrades nuclear DNA expelled from erythroid precursor cells; Belongs to the DNase II family. (360 aa)
RNASEH2ARibonuclease H2 subunit A; Catalytic subunit of RNase HII, an endonuclease that specifically degrades the RNA of RNA:DNA hybrids. Participates in DNA replication, possibly by mediating the removal of lagging-strand Okazaki fragment RNA primers during DNA replication. Mediates the excision of single ribonucleotides from DNA:RNA duplexes. Belongs to the RNase HII family. Eukaryotic subfamily. (299 aa)
EXOSC5Exosome complex component RRP46; Non-catalytic component of the RNA exosome complex which has 3'->5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in a multitude of cellular RNA processing and degradation events. In the nucleus, the RNA exosome complex is involved in proper maturation of stable RNA species such as rRNA, snRNA and snoRNA, in the elimination of RNA processing by-products and non-coding 'pervasive' transcripts, such as antisense RNA species and promoter-upstream transcripts (PROMPTs), and of mRNAs with processing defects, thereby limiting or excluding their export to the cyto [...] (235 aa)
AGO2Protein argonaute-2; Required for RNA-mediated gene silencing (RNAi) by the RNA- induced silencing complex (RISC). The 'minimal RISC' appears to include AGO2 bound to a short guide RNA such as a microRNA (miRNA) or short interfering RNA (siRNA). These guide RNAs direct RISC to complementary mRNAs that are targets for RISC-mediated gene silencing. The precise mechanism of gene silencing depends on the degree of complementarity between the miRNA or siRNA and its target. Binding of RISC to a perfectly complementary mRNA generally results in silencing due to endonucleolytic cleavage of the [...] (859 aa)
USB1U6 snRNA phosphodiesterase; Phosphodiesterase responsible for the U6 snRNA 3' end processing. Acts as an exoribonuclease (RNase) responsible for trimming the poly(U) tract of the last nucleotides in the pre-U6 snRNA molecule, leading to the formation of mature U6 snRNA 3' end-terminated with a 2',3'-cyclic phosphate; Belongs to the 2H phosphoesterase superfamily. USB1 family. (265 aa)
NTHL1Endonuclease III-like protein 1; Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines. Has also 8-oxo-7,8- dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) DNA gly [...] (312 aa)
APEX1DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase, mitochondrial; Multifunctional protein that plays a central role in the cellular response to oxidative stress. The two major activities of APEX1 are DNA repair and redox regulation of transcriptional factors. Functions as a apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endodeoxyribonuclease in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway of DNA lesions induced by oxidative and alkylating agents. Initiates repair of AP sites in DNA by catalyzing hydrolytic incision of the phosphodiester backbone immediately adjacent to the damage, generating a single-strand break w [...] (318 aa)
REXO1RNA exonuclease 1 homolog; Seems to have no detectable effect on transcription elongation in vitro; Belongs to the REXO1/REXO3 family. (1221 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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