STRINGSTRING
VCL VCL MMP2 MMP2 STUB1 STUB1 MYL7 MYL7 MYH1 MYH1 FRG1 FRG1 MYL2 MYL2 TNNC1 TNNC1 MYOT MYOT PYROXD1 PYROXD1 RTN2 RTN2 HSPB1 HSPB1 TMOD2 TMOD2 MYOD1 MYOD1 LMAN1 LMAN1 KCNA5 KCNA5 ACTN4 ACTN4 HRC HRC PDLIM4 PDLIM4 MYH4 MYH4 SCO1 SCO1 CAB39 CAB39 TMOD1 TMOD1 ABCC9 ABCC9 CASQ2 CASQ2 PPP2R5A PPP2R5A PSMA6 PSMA6 MYOM2 MYOM2 DNAJB6 DNAJB6 SLC4A1 SLC4A1 KAT2B KAT2B KCNN2 KCNN2 ANK1 ANK1 SRI SRI CACNA1C CACNA1C MYZAP MYZAP UNC45B UNC45B MYH15 MYH15 PAK1 PAK1 MYL9 MYL9 ANK3 ANK3 GGPS1 GGPS1 KLHL41 KLHL41 PDLIM3 PDLIM3 KLHL40 KLHL40 TIMP4 TIMP4 CACNA1D CACNA1D ACTC1 ACTC1 CALM3 CALM3 TMOD4 TMOD4 BMP10 BMP10 TRIM54 TRIM54 MYOZ3 MYOZ3 CFL2 CFL2 SCN1A SCN1A TWF2 TWF2 SYNPO2 SYNPO2 ANKRD2 ANKRD2 MYOZ2 MYOZ2 MYL1 MYL1 FBXO22 FBXO22 DST DST TMOD3 TMOD3 RPL15 RPL15 CSRP2 CSRP2 ABRA ABRA TCAP TCAP PDLIM2 PDLIM2 BIN1 BIN1 ANKRD23 ANKRD23 PLEC PLEC STK11 STK11 FHL5 FHL5 PSEN1 PSEN1 FLNC FLNC SCN5A SCN5A NEXN NEXN PARVA PARVA HOMER1 HOMER1 IGFN1 IGFN1 ARHGEF25 ARHGEF25 SYNM SYNM TNNI3 TNNI3 CAV3 CAV3 PDE4B PDE4B FERMT2 FERMT2 NBR1 NBR1 JPH1 JPH1 SCN8A SCN8A MYL4 MYL4 KCTD6 KCTD6 MYH7 MYH7 SORBS2 SORBS2 PDLIM7 PDLIM7 SVIL SVIL MYOM1 MYOM1 SPTBN1 SPTBN1 ANK2 ANK2 ATP2A1 ATP2A1 MYBPHL MYBPHL FXR1 FXR1 ATP2B4 ATP2B4 SYNE2 SYNE2 TPM1 TPM1 AKAP4 AKAP4 MYPN MYPN MYOZ1 MYOZ1 RYR1 RYR1 FBXL22 FBXL22 DUSP27 DUSP27 TNNI1 TNNI1 CALD1 CALD1 DMD DMD KRT19 KRT19 NOS1AP NOS1AP LRRC10 LRRC10 CACNA1S CACNA1S RYR2 RYR2 ACTN2 ACTN2 ACTA1 ACTA1 PSEN2 PSEN2 SYNE1 SYNE1 LMOD1 LMOD1 CSRP1 CSRP1 CASQ1 CASQ1 GLRX3 GLRX3 BAG3 BAG3 PDE4DIP PDE4DIP NRAP NRAP FLNA FLNA MTM1 MTM1 PDLIM1 PDLIM1 ANKRD1 ANKRD1 TNNC2 TNNC2 SDC4 SDC4 JPH2 JPH2 FHL3 FHL3 ITGB1BP2 ITGB1BP2 DES DES C10orf71 C10orf71 TRIM63 TRIM63 MYOM3 MYOM3 HABP4 HABP4 FBP2 FBP2 ADPRHL1 ADPRHL1 MYLK2 MYLK2 NEBL NEBL AHNAK AHNAK SMPX SMPX ADRA1A ADRA1A SMN1 SMN1 SMN2 SMN2 FKBP1B FKBP1B TNNT3 TNNT3 TNNI2 TNNI2 MTMR12 MTMR12 SMTNL2 SMTNL2 SQSTM1 SQSTM1 PPP1R12B PPP1R12B SCN3B SCN3B JUP JUP SYNPO SYNPO ACTN1 ACTN1 SYNPO2L SYNPO2L PPP3CB PPP3CB PPP3CA PPP3CA PGM5 PGM5 ILK ILK CAPN3 CAPN3 MYH2 MYH2 KCNE1 KCNE1 FKBP1A FKBP1A MYH8 MYH8 PARVB PARVB SLC8A1 SLC8A1 OBSL1 OBSL1 MYH6 MYH6 MYO18B MYO18B SYNC SYNC XIRP2 XIRP2 FHL2 FHL2 PPP1R12A PPP1R12A CORO1C CORO1C CMYA5 CMYA5 KY KY MYBPC1 MYBPC1 CAPZB CAPZB LDB3 LDB3 MYH13 MYH13 PRICKLE4 PRICKLE4 TRIM32 TRIM32 SIMC1 SIMC1 LMOD2 LMOD2 LMOD3 LMOD3 DCTN4 DCTN4 SLC2A1 SLC2A1 H0Y858_HUMAN H0Y858_HUMAN CAVIN4 CAVIN4 FLNB FLNB ACTN3 ACTN3 PALLD PALLD FBXO32 FBXO32 CSRP3 CSRP3 SMTNL1 SMTNL1 CRYAB CRYAB C10orf113 C10orf113 ARF1 ARF1 DAG1 DAG1 MYBPC3 MYBPC3 SCO2 SCO2 TWF1 TWF1 ASB2 ASB2 OBSCN OBSCN ACTG1 ACTG1 MYL12B MYL12B MYH3 MYH3 MYL12A MYL12A GCOM1 GCOM1 FHOD3 FHOD3 TTN TTN TNNT1 TNNT1 PDLIM5 PDLIM5 LRRC39 LRRC39 NEB NEB RYR3 RYR3 PVALEF PVALEF TPM4 TPM4 CTNNB1 CTNNB1 ENO1 ENO1 ALDOA ALDOA TPM2 TPM2 TPM3 TPM3 KCNJ8 KCNJ8 MYL3 MYL3 TNNT2 TNNT2 CALM1 CALM1 CALM2 CALM2
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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VCLVinculin; Actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein involved in cell- matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. Regulates cell-surface E- cadherin expression and potentiates mechanosensing by the E-cadherin complex. May also play important roles in cell morphology and locomotion; Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. (1134 aa)
MMP272 kDa type IV collagenase; Ubiquitinous metalloproteinase that is involved in diverse functions such as remodeling of the vasculature, angiogenesis, tissue repair, tumor invasion, inflammation, and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. As well as degrading extracellular matrix proteins, can also act on several nonmatrix proteins such as big endothelial 1 and beta- type CGRP promoting vasoconstriction. Also cleaves KISS at a Gly-|-Leu bond. Appears to have a role in myocardial cell death pathways. Contributes to myocardial oxidative stress by regulating the activity of GSK3beta. Cleaves GSK3 [...] (660 aa)
STUB1E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which targets misfolded chaperone substrates towards proteasomal degradation. Collaborates with ATXN3 in the degradation of misfolded chaperone substrates: ATXN3 restricting the length of ubiquitin chain attached to STUB1/CHIP substrates and preventing further chain extension. Ubiquitinates NOS1 in concert with Hsp70 and Hsp40. Modulates the activity of several chaperone complexes, including Hsp70, Hsc70 and Hsp90. Mediates transfer of non-canonical short ubiquitin chains to HSPA8 that have no effect on HSPA8 degradation. Me [...] (303 aa)
MYL7Myosin regulatory light chain 2, atrial isoform; Myosin light chain 7. (175 aa)
MYH1Myosin-1; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1939 aa)
FRG1Protein FRG1; Binds to mRNA in a sequence-independent manner. May play a role in regulation of pre-mRNA splicing or in the assembly of rRNA into ribosomal subunits. May be involved in mRNA transport. May be involved in epigenetic regulation of muscle differentiation through regulation of activity of the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase KMT5B. Belongs to the FRG1 family. (258 aa)
MYL2Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform; Contractile protein that plays a role in heart development and function (By similarity). Following phosphorylation, plays a role in cross-bridge cycling kinetics and cardiac muscle contraction by increasing myosin lever arm stiffness and promoting myosin head diffusion; as a consequence of the increase in maximum contraction force and calcium sensitivity of contraction force. These events altogether slow down myosin kinetics and prolong duty cycle resulting in accumulated myosins being cooperatively recruited to actin [...] (166 aa)
TNNC1Troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles; Troponin is the central regulatory protein of striated muscle contraction. Tn consists of three components: Tn-I which is the inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase, Tn-T which contains the binding site for tropomyosin and Tn-C. The binding of calcium to Tn-C abolishes the inhibitory action of Tn on actin filaments. (161 aa)
MYOTMyotilin; Component of a complex of multiple actin cross-linking proteins. Involved in the control of myofibril assembly and stability at the Z lines in muscle cells; Belongs to the myotilin/palladin family. (498 aa)
PYROXD1Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase domain-containing protein 1; Probable FAD-dependent oxidoreductase; involved in the cellular oxidative stress response. Required for normal sarcomere structure and muscle fiber integrity (By similarity). (500 aa)
RTN2Reticulon-2; Reticulon 2. (545 aa)
HSPB1Heat shock protein beta-1; Small heat shock protein which functions as a molecular chaperone probably maintaining denatured proteins in a folding- competent state. Plays a role in stress resistance and actin organization. Through its molecular chaperone activity may regulate numerous biological processes including the phosphorylation and the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins. (205 aa)
TMOD2Tropomodulin-2; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity). (351 aa)
MYOD1Myoblast determination protein 1; Acts as a transcriptional activator that promotes transcription of muscle-specific target genes and plays a role in muscle differentiation. Together with MYF5 and MYOG, co-occupies muscle-specific gene promoter core region during myogenesis. Induces fibroblasts to differentiate into myoblasts. Interacts with and is inhibited by the twist protein. This interaction probably involves the basic domains of both proteins (By similarity). (320 aa)
LMAN1Protein ERGIC-53; Mannose-specific lectin. May recognize sugar residues of glycoproteins, glycolipids, or glycosylphosphatidyl inositol anchors and may be involved in the sorting or recycling of proteins, lipids, or both. The LMAN1-MCFD2 complex forms a specific cargo receptor for the ER-to-Golgi transport of selected proteins. (510 aa)
KCNA5Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (613 aa)
ACTN4Alpha-actinin-4; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein (Probable). Probably involved in vesicular trafficking via its association with the CART complex. The CART complex is necessary for efficient transferrin receptor recycling but not for EGFR degradation. Involved in tight junction assembly in epithelial cells probably through interaction with MICALL2. Links MICALL2 to the actin cytoskeleton and recruits it to the tight junctions (By similarity). May also function as a transcriptional coacti [...] (911 aa)
HRCSarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein; May play a role in the regulation of calcium sequestration or release in the SR of skeletal and cardiac muscle. (699 aa)
PDLIM4PDZ and LIM domain protein 4; [Isoform 1]: Suppresses SRC activation by recognizing and binding to active SRC and facilitating PTPN13-mediated dephosphorylation of SRC 'Tyr-419' leading to its inactivation. Inactivated SRC dissociates from this protein allowing the initiation of a new SRC inactivation cycle. Involved in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. In nonmuscle cells, binds to ACTN1 (alpha-actinin-1), increases the affinity of ACTN1 to F-actin (filamentous actin), and promotes formation of actin stress fibers. Involved in regulation of the synaptic AMPA receptor transport [...] (330 aa)
MYH4Myosin-4; Muscle contraction. (1939 aa)
SCO1Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Not required for the synthesis of MT-CO2/COX2 but plays a crucial role in stabilizing MT- CO2/COX2 during its subsequent maturation. Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2. Plays an important role in the regulation of copper homeostasis by controlling the abundance and cell membrane localization of copper transporter CTR1 (By similarity). Belongs to the SCO1/2 family. (301 aa)
CAB39Calcium-binding protein 39; Component of a complex that binds and activates STK11/LKB1. In the complex, required to stabilize the interaction between CAB39/MO25 (CAB39/MO25alpha or CAB39L/MO25beta) and STK11/LKB1. (341 aa)
TMOD1Tropomodulin-1; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton. May play an important role in regulating the organization of actin filaments by preferentially binding to a specific tropomyosin isoform at its N-terminus. (359 aa)
ABCC9ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 9; Subunit of ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP). Can form cardiac and smooth muscle-type KATP channels with KCNJ11. KCNJ11 forms the channel pore while ABCC9 is required for activation and regulation. Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily. (1549 aa)
CASQ2Calsequestrin-2; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, especially at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 60 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR2; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and in regulating the rate of heart beats. (399 aa)
PPP2R5ASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 56 kDa regulatory subunit alpha isoform; The B regulatory subunit might modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also might direct the localization of the catalytic enzyme to a particular subcellular compartment. (486 aa)
PSMA6Proteasome subunit alpha type-6; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (246 aa)
MYOM2Myomesin-2; Major component of the vertebrate myofibrillar M band. Binds myosin, titin, and light meromyosin. This binding is dose dependent. (1465 aa)
DNAJB6DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 6; Plays an indispensable role in the organization of KRT8/KRT18 filaments. Acts as an endogenous molecular chaperone for neuronal proteins including huntingtin. Suppresses aggregation and toxicity of polyglutamine-containing, aggregation-prone proteins. Isoform B but not isoform A inhibits huntingtin aggregation. Has a stimulatory effect on the ATPase activity of HSP70 in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner and hence acts as a co-chaperone of HSP70. Also reduces cellular toxicity and caspase-3 activity. (326 aa)
SLC4A1Band 3 anion transport protein; Functions both as a transporter that mediates electroneutral anion exchange across the cell membrane and as a structural protein. Major integral membrane glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane; required for normal flexibility and stability of the erythrocyte membrane and for normal erythrocyte shape via the interactions of its cytoplasmic domain with cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin. Functions as a transporter that mediates the 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the erythrocyte membrane. Mediates chloride- bicarbonate exch [...] (911 aa)
KAT2BHistone acetyltransferase KAT2B; Functions as a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) to promote transcriptional activation. Has significant histone acetyltransferase activity with core histones (H3 and H4), and also with nucleosome core particles. Also acetylates non- histone proteins, such as ACLY, PLK4, RRP9/U3-55K and TBX5. Inhibits cell-cycle progression and counteracts the mitogenic activity of the adenoviral oncoprotein E1A. Acts as a circadian transcriptional coactivator which enhances the activity of the circadian transcriptional activators: NPAS2-ARNTL/BMAL1 and CLOCK-ARNTL/BMAL1 h [...] (832 aa)
KCNN2Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2; Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization. Thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic afterhyperpolarization. The channel is blocked by apamin; Belongs to the potassium channel KCNN family. KCa2.2/KCNN2 subfamily. (579 aa)
ANK1Ankyrin-1; Attaches integral membrane proteins to cytoskeletal elements; binds to the erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.2, to Na-K ATPase, to the lymphocyte membrane protein GP85, and to the cytoskeletal proteins fodrin, tubulin, vimentin and desmin. Erythrocyte ankyrins also link spectrin (beta chain) to the cytoplasmic domain of the erythrocytes anion exchange protein; they retain most or all of these binding functions. (1897 aa)
SRISorcin; Calcium-binding protein that modulates excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Contributes to calcium homeostasis in the heart sarcoplasmic reticulum. Modulates the activity of RYR2 calcium channels. (198 aa)
CACNA1CVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C; Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via [...] (2186 aa)
MYZAPMyocardial zonula adherens protein; Plays a role in cellular signaling via Rho-related GTP- binding proteins and subsequent activation of transcription factor SRF (By similarity). Targets TJP1 to cell junctions. In cortical neurons, may play a role in glutaminergic signal transduction through interaction with the NMDA receptor subunit GRIN1 (By similarity). Belongs to the MYZAP family. (466 aa)
UNC45BProtein unc-45 homolog B; Acts as a co-chaperone for HSP90 and is required for proper folding of the myosin motor domain. Plays a role in sarcomere formation during muscle cell development. Is necessary for normal early lens development. (931 aa)
MYH15Myosin-15; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1946 aa)
PAK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby media [...] (553 aa)
MYL9Myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion. (172 aa)
ANK3Ankyrin-3; In skeletal muscle, required for costamere localization of DMD and betaDAG1 (By similarity). Membrane-cytoskeleton linker. May participate in the maintenance/targeting of ion channels and cell adhesion molecules at the nodes of Ranvier and axonal initial segments. Regulates KCNA1 channel activity in function of dietary Mg(2+) levels, and thereby contributes to the regulation of renal Mg(2+) reabsorption. (4377 aa)
GGPS1Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase; Catalyzes the trans-addition of the three molecules of IPP onto DMAPP to form geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, an important precursor of carotenoids and geranylated proteins. (300 aa)
KLHL41Kelch-like protein 41; Involved in skeletal muscle development and differentiation. Regulates proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts and plays a role in myofibril assembly by promoting lateral fusion of adjacent thin fibrils into mature, wide myofibrils. Required for pseudopod elongation in transformed cells. (606 aa)
PDLIM3PDZ and LIM domain protein 3; May play a role in the organization of actin filament arrays within muscle cells. (364 aa)
KLHL40Kelch-like protein 40; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that acts as a key regulator of skeletal muscle development. The BCR(KLHL40) complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of TFDP1, thereby regulating the activity of the E2F:DP transcription factor complex (By similarity). Promotes stabilization of LMOD3 by acting as a negative regulator of LMOD3 ubiquitination; the molecular process by which it negatively regulates ubiquitination of LMOD3 is however unclear (By similarity). (621 aa)
TIMP4Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4; Complexes with metalloproteinases (such as collagenases) and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Known to act on MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7 and MMP-9. (224 aa)
CACNA1DVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzothiazepines. B [...] (2181 aa)
ACTC1Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa)
CALM3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
TMOD4Tropomodulin-4; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton. (345 aa)
BMP10Bone morphogenetic protein 10; Required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. Acts as a ligand for ACVRL1/ALK1, BMPR1A/ALK3 and BMPR1B/ALK6, leading to activation of SMAD1, SMAD5 and SMAD8 transcription factors. Inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. May reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines. (424 aa)
TRIM54Tripartite motif-containing protein 54; May bind and stabilize microtubules during myotubes formation. (400 aa)
MYOZ3Myozenin-3; Myozenins may serve as intracellular binding proteins involved in linking Z line proteins such as alpha-actinin, gamma- filamin, TCAP/telethonin, LDB3/ZASP and localizing calcineurin signaling to the sarcomere. Plays an important role in the modulation of calcineurin signaling. May play a role in myofibrillogenesis. (251 aa)
CFL2Cofilin-2; Controls reversibly actin polymerization and depolymerization in a pH-sensitive manner. Its F-actin depolymerization activity is regulated by association with CSPR3. It has the ability to bind G- and F-actin in a 1:1 ratio of cofilin to actin. It is the major component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods. Required for muscle maintenance. May play a role during the exchange of alpha-actin forms during the early postnatal remodeling of the sarcomere (By similarity); Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. (166 aa)
SCN1ASodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammatio [...] (2009 aa)
TWF2Twinfilin-2; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. May play a role in regulating the mature length of the middle and short rows of stereocilia (By similarity); Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily. (349 aa)
SYNPO2Synaptopodin-2; Has an actin-binding and actin-bundling activity. Can induce the formation of F-actin networks in an isoform-specific manner. At the sarcomeric Z lines is proposed to act as adapter protein that links nascent myofibers to the sarcolemma via ZYX and may play a role in early assembly and stabilization of the Z lines. Involved in autophagosome formation. May play a role in chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA) involved in Z lines maintenance in striated muscle under mechanical tension; may link the client-processing CASA chaperone machinery to a membrane- tethering [...] (1261 aa)
ANKRD2Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 2; Functions as a negative regulator of myocyte differentiation. May interact with both sarcoplasmic structural proteins and nuclear proteins to regulate gene expression during muscle development and in response to muscle stress. (360 aa)
MYOZ2Myozenin-2; Myozenins may serve as intracellular binding proteins involved in linking Z line proteins such as alpha-actinin, gamma- filamin, TCAP/telethonin, LDB3/ZASP and localizing calcineurin signaling to the sarcomere. Plays an important role in the modulation of calcineurin signaling. May play a role in myofibrillogenesis. (264 aa)
MYL1Myosin light chain 1/3, skeletal muscle isoform; Non-regulatory myosin light chain required for proper formation and/or maintenance of myofibers, and thus appropriate muscle function. (194 aa)
FBXO22F-box only protein 22; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Promotes the proteasome- dependent degradation of key sarcomeric proteins, such as alpha-actinin (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNC), essential for maintenance of normal contractile function. (403 aa)
DSTDystonin; Cytoskeletal linker protein. Acts as an integrator of intermediate filaments, actin and microtubule cytoskeleton networks. Required for anchoring either intermediate filaments to the actin cytoskeleton in neural and muscle cells or keratin-containing intermediate filaments to hemidesmosomes in epithelial cells. The proteins may self-aggregate to form filaments or a two-dimensional mesh. Regulates the organization and stability of the microtubule network of sensory neurons to allow axonal transport. Mediates docking of the dynein/dynactin motor complex to vesicle cargos for re [...] (5537 aa)
TMOD3Tropomodulin-3; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity); Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (352 aa)
RPL15Ribosomal protein L15. (204 aa)
CSRP2Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2; Drastically down-regulated in response to PDGF-BB or cell injury, that promote smooth muscle cell proliferation and dedifferentiation. Seems to play a role in the development of the embryonic vascular system. (193 aa)
ABRAActin-binding Rho-activating protein; Acts as an activator of serum response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription possibly by inducing nuclear translocation of MKL1 or MKL2 and through a mechanism requiring Rho-actin signaling. (381 aa)
TCAPTelethonin; Muscle assembly regulating factor. Mediates the antiparallel assembly of titin (TTN) molecules at the sarcomeric Z-disk. (167 aa)
PDLIM2PDZ and LIM domain protein 2; Probable adapter protein located at the actin cytoskeleton that promotes cell attachment. Necessary for the migratory capacity of epithelial cells. Overexpression enhances cell adhesion to collagen and fibronectin and suppresses anchorage independent growth. May contribute to tumor cell migratory capacity. (602 aa)
BIN1Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1; Is a key player in the control of plasma membrane curvature, membrane shaping and membrane remodeling. Required in muscle cells for the formation of T-tubules, tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Is a negative regulator of endocytosis (By similarity). Is also involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicles sorting, modulation of BACE1 trafficking and the control of amyloid-beta production. In neuronal circuits, endocytosis regulation may influence the internalization of PHF-tau [...] (593 aa)
ANKRD23Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 23; May be involved in the energy metabolism. Could be a molecular link between myofibrillar stretch-induced signaling pathways and muscle gene expression. (305 aa)
PLECPlectin; Interlinks intermediate filaments with microtubules and microfilaments and anchors intermediate filaments to desmosomes or hemidesmosomes. Could also bind muscle proteins such as actin to membrane complexes in muscle. May be involved not only in the filaments network, but also in the regulation of their dynamics. Structural component of muscle. Isoform 9 plays a major role in the maintenance of myofiber integrity. (4684 aa)
STK11Serine/threonine-protein kinase STK11; Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase that controls the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family members, thereby playing a role in various processes such as cell metabolism, cell polarity, apoptosis and DNA damage response. Acts by phosphorylating the T-loop of AMPK family proteins, thus promoting their activity: phosphorylates PRKAA1, PRKAA2, BRSK1, BRSK2, MARK1, MARK2, MARK3, MARK4, NUAK1, NUAK2, SIK1, SIK2, SIK3 and SNRK but not MELK. Also phosphorylates non-AMPK family proteins such as STRADA, PTEN and possibly p53/TP [...] (433 aa)
FHL5Four and a half LIM domains protein 5; May be involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Stimulates CREM transcriptional activity in a phosphorylation- independent manner. (284 aa)
PSEN1Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity. Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CDH1; this stabili [...] (467 aa)
FLNCFilamin-C; Muscle-specific filamin, which plays a central role in muscle cells, probably by functioning as a large actin-cross-linking protein. May be involved in reorganizing the actin cytoskeleton in response to signaling events, and may also display structural functions at the Z lines in muscle cells. Critical for normal myogenesis and for maintaining the structural integrity of the muscle fibers. (2725 aa)
SCN5ASodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels. Belongs to the sodium chann [...] (2016 aa)
NEXNNexilin; Involved in regulating cell migration through association with the actin cytoskeleton. Has an essential role in the maintenance of Z line and sarcomere integrity. (675 aa)
PARVAAlpha-parvin; Plays a role in sarcomere organization and in smooth muscle cell contraction. Required for normal development of the embryonic cardiovascular system, and for normal septation of the heart outflow tract. Plays a role in sprouting angiogenesis and is required for normal adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells during blood vessel development (By similarity). Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, formation of lamellipodia and ciliogenesis. Plays a role in the establishement of cell polarity, cell adhesion, cell spreading, and dire [...] (372 aa)
HOMER1Homer protein homolog 1; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Isoform 1 regulates the trafficking and surface expression of GRM5. Isoform 3 acts as a natural dominant negative, in dynamic competition with constitutively expressed isoform 1 to regulate synaptic meta [...] (354 aa)
IGFN1Immunoglobulin like and fibronectin type III domain containing 1. (3708 aa)
ARHGEF25Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 25; May play a role in actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different tissues since its activation induces formation of actin stress fibers. It works as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family of small GTPases. Links specifically G alpha q/11-coupled receptors to RHOA activation. May be an important regulator of processes involved in axon and dendrite formation. In neurons seems to be an exchange factor primarily for RAC1. Involved in skeletal myogenesis (By similarity). (619 aa)
SYNMSynemin; Type-VI intermediate filament (IF) which plays an important cytoskeletal role within the muscle cell cytoskeleton. It forms heteropolymeric IFs with desmin and/or vimentin, and via its interaction with cytoskeletal proteins alpha-dystrobrevin, dystrophin, talin-1, utrophin and vinculin, is able to link these heteropolymeric IFs to adherens-type junctions, such as to the costameres, neuromuscular junctions, and myotendinous junctions within striated muscle cells. (1565 aa)
TNNI3Troponin I, cardiac muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (210 aa)
CAV3Caveolin-3; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity. May also regulate voltage-gated potassium channels. Plays a role in the sarcolemma repair mechanism of both skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes that permits rapid resealing of membranes disrupted by mechanical stress (By similarity). Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN2 and CAVIN3 proteins to the caveolae ; Belongs to the caveolin family. (151 aa)
PDE4BcAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B; Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging from antidepressants to antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents. Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. PDE4 subfamily. (736 aa)
FERMT2Fermitin family homolog 2; Scaffolding protein that enhances integrin activation mediated by TLN1 and/or TLN2, but activates integrins only weakly by itself. Binds to membranes enriched in phosphoinositides. Enhances integrin-mediated cell adhesion onto the extracellular matrix and cell spreading; this requires both its ability to interact with integrins and with phospholipid membranes. Required for the assembly of focal adhesions. Participates in the connection between extracellular matrix adhesion sites and the actin cytoskeleton and also in the orchestration of actin assembly and ce [...] (687 aa)
NBR1Next to BRCA1 gene 1 protein; Acts probably as a receptor for selective autophagosomal degradation of ubiquitinated targets. (966 aa)
JPH1Junctophilin-1; Junctophilins contribute to the formation of junctional membrane complexes (JMCs) which link the plasma membrane with the endoplasmic or sarcoplasmic reticulum in excitable cells. Provides a structural foundation for functional cross-talk between the cell surface and intracellular calcium release channels. JPH1 contributes to the construction of the skeletal muscle triad by linking the t-tubule (transverse-tubule) and SR (sarcoplasmic reticulum) membranes. (661 aa)
SCN8ASodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.6/SCN8A subfamily. (1980 aa)
MYL4Myosin light chain 4; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (197 aa)
KCTD6BTB/POZ domain-containing protein KCTD6; Probable substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex mediating the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Promotes the ubiquitination of HDAC1; the function seems to depend on KCTD11:KCTD6 oligomerization. Can function as antagonist of the Hedgehog pathway by affecting the nuclear transfer of transcription factor GLI1; the function probably occurs via HDAC1 down-regulation, keeping GLI1 acetylated and inactive. Inhibits cell growth and tumorigenicity of medulloblastom [...] (237 aa)
MYH7Myosin-7; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity essential for muscle contraction. Forms regular bipolar thick filaments that, together with actin thin filaments, constitute the fundamental contractile unit of skeletal and cardiac muscle. (1935 aa)
SORBS2Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 2; Adapter protein that plays a role in the assembling of signaling complexes, being a link between ABL kinases and actin cytoskeleton. Can form complex with ABL1 and CBL, thus promoting ubiquitination and degradation of ABL1. May play a role in the regulation of pancreatic cell adhesion, possibly by acting on WASF1 phosphorylation, enhancing phosphorylation by ABL1, as well as dephosphorylation by PTPN12. Isoform 6 increases water and sodium absorption in the intestine and gall-bladder. (1200 aa)
PDLIM7PDZ and LIM domain protein 7; May function as a scaffold on which the coordinated assembly of proteins can occur. May play a role as an adapter that, via its PDZ domain, localizes LIM-binding proteins to actin filaments of both skeletal muscle and nonmuscle tissues. Involved in both of the two fundamental mechanisms of bone formation, direct bone formation (e.g. embryonic flat bones mandible and cranium), and endochondral bone formation (e.g. embryonic long bone development). Plays a role during fracture repair. Involved in BMP6 signaling pathway (By similarity). (457 aa)
SVILSupervillin; [Isoform 1]: Forms a high-affinity link between the actin cytoskeleton and the membrane. Is among the first costameric proteins to assemble during myogenesis and it contributes to myogenic membrane structure and differentiation. Appears to be involved in myosin II assembly. May modulate myosin II regulation through MLCK during cell spreading, an initial step in cell migration. May play a role in invadopodial function. (2214 aa)
MYOM1Myomesin-1; Major component of the vertebrate myofibrillar M band. Binds myosin, titin, and light meromyosin. This binding is dose dependent. (1685 aa)
SPTBN1Spectrin beta chain, non-erythrocytic 1; Fodrin, which seems to be involved in secretion, interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner and is thus candidate for the calcium-dependent movement of the cytoskeleton at the membrane. (2364 aa)
ANK2Ankyrin-2; Plays an essential role in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, as well as in striated muscle cells. In skeletal muscle, required for proper localization of DMD and DCTN4 and for the formation and/or stability of a special subset of microtubules associated with costameres and neuromuscular junctions. In cardiomyocytes, required for coordinate assembly of Na/Ca exchanger, SLC8A1/NCX1, Na/K ATPases ATP1A1 and ATP1A2 and inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors at sarcoplasmic re [...] (3957 aa)
ATP2A1Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1; Key regulator of striated muscle performance by acting as the major Ca(2+) ATPase responsible for the reuptake of cytosolic Ca(2+) into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the translocation of calcium from the cytosol to the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen (By similarity). Contributes to calcium sequestration involved in muscular excitation/contraction ; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIA subfamily. (1001 aa)
MYBPHLMyosin-binding protein H-like; Myosin binding protein H like; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. MyBP family. (354 aa)
FXR1Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1; RNA-binding protein required for embryonic and postnatal development of muscle tissue. May regulate intracellular transport and local translation of certain mRNAs (By similarity); Belongs to the FMR1 family. (621 aa)
ATP2B4Plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4; Calcium/calmodulin-regulated and magnesium-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the transport of calcium out of the cell. By regulating sperm cell calcium homeostasis, may play a role in sperm motility (By similarity). Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIB subfamily. (1205 aa)
SYNE2Nesprin-2; Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization. As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning. Specifically, SYNE2 and SUN2 assemble in arrays of transmembrane acti [...] (6907 aa)
TPM1Tropomyosin alpha-1 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments. (284 aa)
AKAP4A-kinase anchor protein 4; Major structural component of sperm fibrous sheath. Plays a role in sperm motility; Belongs to the AKAP110 family. (854 aa)
MYPNMyopalladin; Component of the sarcomere that tethers together nebulin (skeletal muscle) and nebulette (cardiac muscle) to alpha-actinin, at the Z lines; Belongs to the myotilin/palladin family. (1320 aa)
MYOZ1Myozenin-1; Myozenins may serve as intracellular binding proteins involved in linking Z-disk proteins such as alpha-actinin, gamma- filamin, TCAP/telethonin, LDB3/ZASP and localizing calcineurin signaling to the sarcomere. Plays an important role in the modulation of calcineurin signaling. May play a role in myofibrillogenesis. (299 aa)
RYR1Ryanodine receptor 1; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules. Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm. Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for nor [...] (5038 aa)
FBXL22F-box and leucine-rich protein 22; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Promotes ubiquitination of sarcomeric proteins alpha-actinin-2 (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNC). (247 aa)
DUSP27Inactive dual specificity phosphatase 27; May be required for myofiber maturation. Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class dual specificity subfamily. (1158 aa)
TNNI1Troponin I, slow skeletal muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (187 aa)
CALD1Caldesmon; Actin- and myosin-binding protein implicated in the regulation of actomyosin interactions in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells (could act as a bridge between myosin and actin filaments). Stimulates actin binding of tropomyosin which increases the stabilization of actin filament structure. In muscle tissues, inhibits the actomyosin ATPase by binding to F-actin. This inhibition is attenuated by calcium-calmodulin and is potentiated by tropomyosin. Interacts with actin, myosin, two molecules of tropomyosin and with calmodulin. Also plays an essential role during cellular mitosi [...] (793 aa)
DMDDystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission. (3685 aa)
KRT19Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19; Involved in the organization of myofibers. Together with KRT8, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle; Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (400 aa)
NOS1APCarboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein; Adapter protein involved in neuronal nitric-oxide (NO) synthesis regulation via its association with nNOS/NOS1. The complex formed with NOS1 and synapsins is necessary for specific NO and synapsin functions at a presynaptic level. Mediates an indirect interaction between NOS1 and RASD1 leading to enhance the ability of NOS1 to activate RASD1. Competes with DLG4 for interaction with NOS1, possibly affecting NOS1 activity by regulating the interaction between NOS1 and DLG4 (By similarity). (506 aa)
LRRC10Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 10; May play important roles in cardiac development and/or cardiac function. (277 aa)
CACNA1SVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S; Pore-forming, alpha-1S subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle via their interaction with RYR1, which triggers Ca(2+) release from the sarcplasmic reticulum and ultimately results in muscle contraction. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. (1873 aa)
RYR2Ryanodine receptor 2; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development. Belongs to the ryanodine rec [...] (4967 aa)
ACTN2Alpha-actinin-2; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. (894 aa)
ACTA1Actin, alpha skeletal muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells; Belongs to the actin family. (377 aa)
PSEN2Presenilin-2 CTF subunit; Probable catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the other members of the gamma- secretase complex to have a protease activity. May play a role in intracellular signaling and gene expression or in linking chromatin to the nuclear membrane. May function in the cytoplasmic partitioning of proteins. The holoprotein functions as a calcium-leak channel that allows the passive movement o [...] (448 aa)
SYNE1Nesprin-1; Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization. As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning. May be involved in nucleus- centrosome attachment and nuclear migrati [...] (8797 aa)
LMOD1Leiomodin-1; Mediates nucleation of actin filaments. Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (600 aa)
CSRP1Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 1; Could play a role in neuronal development. (193 aa)
CASQ1Calsequestrin-1; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, often at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 80 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR1; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Negatively regulates store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) activity. (396 aa)
GLRX3Glutaredoxin-3; Together with BOLA2, acts as a cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly factor that facilitates [2Fe-2S] cluster insertion into a subset of cytosolic proteins. Acts as a critical negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and a positive inotropic regulator (By similarity). Required for hemoglobin maturation. Does not possess any thyoredoxin activity since it lacks the conserved motif that is essential for catalytic activity. (335 aa)
BAG3BAG family molecular chaperone regulator 3; Co-chaperone for HSP70 and HSC70 chaperone proteins. Acts as a nucleotide-exchange factor (NEF) promoting the release of ADP from the HSP70 and HSC70 proteins thereby triggering client/substrate protein release. Nucleotide release is mediated via its binding to the nucleotide-binding domain (NBD) of HSPA8/HSC70 where as the substrate release is mediated via its binding to the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of HSPA8/HSC70. Has anti- apoptotic activity. Plays a role in the HSF1 nucleocytoplasmic transport. (575 aa)
PDE4DIPMyomegalin; Functions as an anchor sequestering components of the cAMP- dependent pathway to Golgi and/or centrosomes (By similarity). (2362 aa)
NRAPNebulin-related-anchoring protein; May be involved in anchoring the terminal actin filaments in the myofibril to the membrane and in transmitting tension from the myofibrils to the extracellular matrix. (1731 aa)
FLNAFilamin-A; Promotes orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and serves as a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Interaction with FLNB may allow neuroblast migration from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate. Tethers cell surface- localized furin, modulates its rate of internalization and directs its intracellular trafficking (By similarity). Involved in ciliogenesis. Plays a role in cell-cell contacts and adherens junctions during the de [...] (2647 aa)
MTM1Myotubularin; Lipid phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine- and phosphoserine-containing peptides. Negatively regulates EGFR degradation through regulation of EGFR trafficking from the late endosome to the lysosome. Plays a role in vacuolar formation and morphology. Regulates desmin intermediate filament assembly and architecture. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and positioning. Required for skeletal muscle maintenance but not fo [...] (603 aa)
PDLIM1PDZ and LIM domain protein 1; Cytoskeletal protein that may act as an adapter that brings other proteins (like kinases) to the cytoskeleton. Involved in assembly, disassembly and directioning of stress fibers in fibroblasts. Required for the localization of ACTN1 and PALLD to stress fibers. Required for cell migration and in maintaining cell polarity of fibroblasts (By similarity). (329 aa)
ANKRD1Ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein 1; May play an important role in endothelial cell activation. May act as a nuclear transcription factor that negatively regulates the expression of cardiac genes. Induction seems to be correlated with apoptotic cell death in hepatoma cells. (319 aa)
TNNC2Troponin C, skeletal muscle; Troponin is the central regulatory protein of striated muscle contraction. Tn consists of three components: Tn-I which is the inhibitor of actomyosin ATPase, Tn-T which contains the binding site for tropomyosin and Tn-C. The binding of calcium to Tn-C abolishes the inhibitory action of Tn on actin filaments. (160 aa)
SDC4Syndecan-4; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Regulates exosome biogenesis in concert with SDCBP and PDCD6IP. (198 aa)
JPH2Junctophilin-2 N-terminal fragment; [Junctophilin-2]: Membrane-binding protein that provides a structural bridge between the plasma membrane and the sarcoplasmic reticulum and is required for normal excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. Provides a structural foundation for functional cross-talk between the cell surface and intracellular Ca(2+) release channels by maintaining the 12-15 nm gap between the sarcolemma and the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes in the cardiac dyads (By similarity). Necessary for proper intracellular Ca(2+) signaling in cardiac myocytes via its in [...] (696 aa)
FHL3Four and a half LIM domains protein 3; Recruited by SOX15 to FOXK1 promoters where it acts as a transcriptional coactivator of FOXK1. (280 aa)
ITGB1BP2Integrin beta-1-binding protein 2; May play a role during maturation and/or organization of muscles cells. (347 aa)
DESDesmin; Muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. Plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of sarcomeres, inter-connecting the Z-disks and forming the myofibrils, linking them not only to the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton, but also to the nucleus and mitochondria, thus providing strength for the muscle fiber during activity. In adult striated muscle they form a fibrous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane from the periphery of the Z- line structures. May act as a sarcomeric microtubule-anch [...] (470 aa)
C10orf71Cardiac-enriched FHL2-interacting protein; Plays an important role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. (1435 aa)
TRIM63E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM63; E3 ubiquitin ligase. Mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CKM, GMEB1 and HIBADH. Regulates the proteasomal degradation of muscle proteins under amino acid starvation, where muscle protein is catabolized to provide other organs with amino acids. Inhibits de novo skeletal muscle protein synthesis under amino acid starvation. Regulates proteasomal degradation of cardiac troponin I/TNNI3 and probably of other sarcomeric-associated proteins. May play a role in striated muscle atrophy and hypertrophy by regulating an anti-h [...] (353 aa)
MYOM3Myomesin-3; May link the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the M-disk of the myofibrils in striated muscle. (1437 aa)
HABP4Intracellular hyaluronan-binding protein 4; RNA-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of transcription, pre-mRNA splicing and mRNA translation. Negatively regulates DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor MEF2C in myocardial cells in response to mechanical stress (By similarity). Plays a role in pre-mRNA splicing regulation. Binds (via C-terminus) to poly(U) RNA. Involved in mRNA translation regulation, probably at the initiation step. Seems to play a role in PML-nuclear bodies formation. (413 aa)
FBP2Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in the presence of divalent cations and probably participates in glycogen synthesis from carbohydrate precursors, such as lactate. (339 aa)
ADPRHL1[Protein ADP-ribosylarginine] hydrolase-like protein 1; ADP-ribosylhydrolase like 1. (354 aa)
MYLK2Myosin light chain kinase 2, skeletal/cardiac muscle; Implicated in the level of global muscle contraction and cardiac function. Phosphorylates a specific serine in the N-terminus of a myosin light chain; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (596 aa)
NEBLNebulette; Binds to actin and plays an important role in the assembly of the Z-disk. May functionally link sarcomeric actin to the desmin intermediate filaments in the heart muscle sarcomeres. Isoform 2 might play a role in the assembly of focal adhesion. (1014 aa)
AHNAKNeuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK; May be required for neuronal cell differentiation. (5890 aa)
SMPXSmall muscular protein; Plays a role in the regulatory network through which muscle cells coordinate their structural and functional states during growth, adaptation, and repair. (88 aa)
ADRA1AAlpha-1A adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine(PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA1A sub-subfamily. (475 aa)
SMN1Survival motor neuron protein; The SMN complex plays a catalyst role in the assembly of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), the building blocks of the spliceosome. Thereby, plays an important role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs. Most spliceosomal snRNPs contain a common set of Sm proteins SNRPB, SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPD3, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG that assemble in a heptameric protein ring on the Sm site of the small nuclear RNA to form the core snRNP. In the cytosol, the Sm proteins SNRPD1, SNRPD2, SNRPE, SNRPF and SNRPG are trapped in an inactive 6S pICln-Sm complex by the ch [...] (294 aa)
SMN2Survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric. (294 aa)
FKBP1BPeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1B; Has the potential to contribute to the immunosuppressive and toxic effects of FK506 and rapamycin. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides; Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily. (108 aa)
TNNT3Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle; Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (261 aa)
TNNI2Troponin I, fast skeletal muscle; Troponin I is the inhibitory subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (182 aa)
MTMR12Myotubularin-related protein 12; Acts as an adapter for the myotubularin-related phosphatases. Regulates phosphatase MTM1 protein stability and possibly its intracellular location. By stabilizing MTM1 protein levels, required for skeletal muscle maintenance but not for myogenesis (By similarity). Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Non- receptor class myotubularin subfamily. (747 aa)
SMTNL2Smoothelin-like protein 2; Smoothelin like 2. (461 aa)
SQSTM1Sequestosome-1; Autophagy receptor required for selective macroautophagy (aggrephagy). Functions as a bridge between polyubiquitinated cargo and autophagosomes. Interacts directly with both the cargo to become degraded and an autophagy modifier of the MAP1 LC3 family. Along with WDFY3, involved in the formation and autophagic degradation of cytoplasmic ubiquitin-containing inclusions (p62 bodies, ALIS/aggresome-like induced structures). Along with WDFY3, required to recruit ubiquitinated proteins to PML bodies in the nucleus. May regulate the activation of NFKB1 by TNF-alpha, nerve gro [...] (440 aa)
PPP1R12BProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12B; Regulates myosin phosphatase activity. Augments Ca(2+) sensitivity of the contractile apparatus. (1043 aa)
SCN3BSodium channel subunit beta-3; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes unique persistent sodium currents. Inactivates the sodium channel opening more slowly than the subunit beta-1. Its association with NFASC may target the sodium channels to the nodes of Ranvier of developing axons and retain these channels at the nodes in mature myelinated axons (By similarity). (215 aa)
JUPJunction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (745 aa)
SYNPOSynaptopodin; Actin-associated protein that may play a role in modulating actin-based shape and motility of dendritic spines and renal podocyte foot processes. Seems to be essential for the formation of spine apparatuses in spines of telencephalic neurons, which is involved in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). (929 aa)
ACTN1Alpha-actinin-1; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein; Belongs to the alpha-actinin family. (914 aa)
SYNPO2LSynaptopodin 2-like protein; Actin-associated protein that may play a role in modulating actin-based shape. (977 aa)
PPP3CBSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Dephosphorylates and activates transcription factor NFATC1. Dephosphorylates and inactivates transcription factor ELK1. Dephosphorylates DARPP32 ; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily. (525 aa)
PPP3CASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Many of the substrates contain a PxIxIT motif and/or a LxVP motif. In response to increased Ca(2+) levels, dephosphorylates and activates phosphatase SSH1 which results in cofilin dephosphorylation. In response to increased Ca(2+) levels following mitochondrial depolarization, dephosphorylates DNM1L inducing DNM1L translocation to the mitochondrion. Dephosphorylat [...] (521 aa)
PGM5Phosphoglucomutase-like protein 5; Component of adherens-type cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Lacks phosphoglucomutase activity. (567 aa)
ILKIntegrin-linked protein kinase; Receptor-proximal protein kinase regulating integrin-mediated signal transduction. May act as a mediator of inside-out integrin signaling. Focal adhesion protein part of the complex ILK-PINCH. This complex is considered to be one of the convergence points of integrin- and growth factor-signaling pathway. Could be implicated in mediating cell architecture, adhesion to integrin substrates and anchorage-dependent growth in epithelial cells. Phosphorylates beta-1 and beta-3 integrin subunit on serine and threonine residues, but also AKT1 and GSK3B. (452 aa)
CAPN3Calpain-3; Calcium-regulated non-lysosomal thiol-protease; Belongs to the peptidase C2 family. (821 aa)
MYH2Myosin-2; Muscle contraction. Required for cytoskeleton organization (By similarity). (1941 aa)
KCNE1Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1; Ancillary protein that assembles as a beta subunit with a voltage-gated potassium channel complex of pore-forming alpha subunits. Modulates the gating kinetics and enhances stability of the channel complex. Assembled with KCNB1 modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Assembled with KCNQ1/KVLQT1 is proposed to form the slowly activating delayed rectifier cardiac potassium (IKs) channel. The outward current reaches its steady state only after 50 seconds. Assembled with K [...] (129 aa)
FKBP1APeptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A; Keeps in an inactive conformation TGFBR1, the TGF-beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, preventing TGF-beta receptor activation in absence of ligand. Recruits SMAD7 to ACVR1B which prevents the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. May modulate the RYR1 calcium channel activity. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily. (108 aa)
MYH8Myosin-8; Muscle contraction. (1937 aa)
PARVBBeta-parvin; Adapter protein that plays a role in integrin signaling via ILK and in activation of the GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 by guanine exchange factors, such as ARHGEF6. Is involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and formation of lamellipodia. Plays a role in cell adhesion, cell spreading, establishment or maintenance of cell polarity, and cell migration. Belongs to the parvin family. (397 aa)
SLC8A1Sodium/calcium exchanger 1; Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels ra [...] (973 aa)
OBSL1Obscurin-like protein 1; Core component of the 3M complex, a complex required to regulate microtubule dynamics and genome integrity. It is unclear how the 3M complex regulates microtubules, it could act by controlling the level of a microtubule stabilizer. Acts as a regulator of the Cul7-RING(FBXW8) ubiquitin-protein ligase, playing a critical role in the ubiquitin ligase pathway that regulates Golgi morphogenesis and dendrite patterning in brain. Required to localize CUL7 to the Golgi apparatus in neurons. (1896 aa)
MYH6Myosin-6; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1939 aa)
MYO18BUnconventional myosin-XVIIIb; May be involved in intracellular trafficking of the muscle cell when in the cytoplasm, whereas entering the nucleus, may be involved in the regulation of muscle specific genes. May play a role in the control of tumor development and progression; restored MYO18B expression in lung cancer cells suppresses anchorage-independent growth; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (2568 aa)
SYNCSyncoilin; Atypical type III intermediate filament (IF) protein that may play a supportive role in the efficient coupling of mechanical stress between the myofibril and fiber exterior. May facilitate lateral force transmission during skeletal muscle contraction. Does not form homofilaments nor heterofilaments with other IF proteins. (482 aa)
XIRP2Xin actin-binding repeat-containing protein 2; Protects actin filaments from depolymerization. Belongs to the Xin family. (3549 aa)
FHL2Four and a half LIM domains protein 2; May function as a molecular transmitter linking various signaling pathways to transcriptional regulation. Negatively regulates the transcriptional repressor E4F1 and may function in cell growth. Inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO1 and its apoptotic function by enhancing the interaction of FOXO1 with SIRT1 and FOXO1 deacetylation. Negatively regulates the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in cardiomyocytes. (279 aa)
PPP1R12AProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A; Key regulator of protein phosphatase 1C (PPP1C). Mediates binding to myosin. As part of the PPP1C complex, involved in dephosphorylation of PLK1. Capable of inhibiting HIF1AN-dependent suppression of HIF1A activity. (1030 aa)
CORO1CCoronin-1C; Plays a role in directed cell migration by regulating the activation and subcellular location of RAC1. Increases the presence of activated RAC1 at the leading edge of migrating cells. Required for normal organization of the cytoskeleton, including the actin cytoskeleton, microtubules and the vimentin intermediate filaments (By similarity). Plays a role in endoplasmic reticulum- associated endosome fission: localizes to endosome membrane tubules and promotes recruitment of TMCC1, leading to recruitment of the endoplasmic reticulum to endosome tubules for fission. Endosome me [...] (527 aa)
CMYA5Cardiomyopathy-associated protein 5; May serve as an anchoring protein that mediates the subcellular compartmentation of protein kinase A (PKA) via binding to PRKAR2A (By similarity). May function as a repressor of calcineurin- mediated transcriptional activity. May attenuate calcineurin ability to induce slow-fiber gene program in muscle and may negatively modulate skeletal muscle regeneration (By similarity). Plays a role in the assembly of ryanodine receptor (RYR2) clusters in striated muscle (By similarity). (4069 aa)
KYKyphoscoliosis peptidase; Probable cytoskeleton-associated protease required for normal muscle growth. Involved in function, maturation and stabilization of the neuromuscular junction. May act by cleaving muscle-specific proteins such as FLNC (By similarity); Belongs to the transglutaminase-like superfamily. (661 aa)
MYBPC1Myosin-binding protein C, slow-type; Thick filament-associated protein located in the crossbridge region of vertebrate striated muscle a bands. In vitro it binds MHC, F- actin and native thin filaments, and modifies the activity of actin- activated myosin ATPase. It may modulate muscle contraction or may play a more structural role; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. MyBP family. (1173 aa)
CAPZBF-actin-capping protein subunit beta; F-actin-capping proteins bind in a Ca(2+)-independent manner to the fast growing ends of actin filaments (barbed end) thereby blocking the exchange of subunits at these ends. Unlike other capping proteins (such as gelsolin and severin), these proteins do not sever actin filaments. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. (301 aa)
LDB3LIM domain-binding protein 3; May function as an adapter in striated muscle to couple protein kinase C-mediated signaling via its LIM domains to the cytoskeleton. (732 aa)
MYH13Myosin-13; Fast twitching myosin mediating the high-velocity and low- tension contractions of specific striated muscles. (1938 aa)
PRICKLE4Prickle planar cell polarity protein 4; Belongs to the prickle / espinas / testin family. (384 aa)
TRIM32E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM32; Has an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Ubiquitinates DTNBP1 (dysbindin) and promotes its degradation. May ubiquitinate BBS2. May play a significant role in mediating the biological activity of the HIV-1 Tat protein in vivo. Binds specifically to the activation domain of HIV-1 Tat and can also interact with the HIV-2 and EIAV Tat proteins in vivo; Belongs to the TRIM/RBCC family. (653 aa)
SIMC1SUMO-interacting motif-containing protein 1; SUMO interacting motifs containing 1. (891 aa)
LMOD2Leiomodin-2; Mediates nucleation of actin filaments and thereby promotes actin polymerization. Plays a role in the regulation of actin filament length (By similarity). Required for normal sarcomere organization in the heart, and for normal heart function. (547 aa)
LMOD3Leiomodin-3; Essential for the organization of sarcomeric actin thin filaments in skeletal muscle. Increases the rate of actin polymerization ; Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (560 aa)
DCTN4Dynactin subunit 4; Could have a dual role in dynein targeting and in ACTR1A/Arp1 subunit of dynactin pointed-end capping. Could be involved in ACTR1A pointed-end binding and in additional roles in linking dynein and dynactin to the cortical cytoskeleton. (467 aa)
SLC2A1Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Facilitative glucose transporter, which is responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including both pentoses and hexoses. Most important energy carrier of the brain: present at the blood-brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain. (492 aa)
H0Y858_HUMANUncharacterized protein. (1186 aa)
CAVIN4Caveolae-associated protein 4; Modulates the morphology of formed caveolae in cardiomyocytes, but is not required for caveolar formation. Facilitates the recruitment of MAPK1/3 to caveolae within cardiomyocytes and regulates alpha-1 adrenergic receptor-induced hypertrophic responses in cardiomyocytes through MAPK1/3 activation. Contributes to proper membrane localization and stabilization of caveolin-3 (CAV3) in cardiomyocytes (By similarity). Induces RHOA activation and activates NPPA transcription and myofibrillar organization through the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway ; Belongs to the C [...] (364 aa)
FLNBFilamin-B; Connects cell membrane constituents to the actin cytoskeleton. May promote orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton. Interaction with FLNA may allow neuroblast migration from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate. Various interactions and localizations of isoforms affect myotube morphology and myogenesis. Isoform 6 accelerates muscle differentiation in vitro; Belongs to the filamin family. (2633 aa)
ACTN3Alpha-actinin-3; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. (944 aa)
PALLDPalladin; Cytoskeletal protein required for organization of normal actin cytoskeleton. Roles in establishing cell morphology, motility, cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a variety of cell types. May function as a scaffolding molecule with the potential to influence both actin polymerization and the assembly of existing actin filaments into higher-order arrays. Binds to proteins that bind to either monomeric or filamentous actin. Localizes at sites where active actin remodeling takes place, such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Different isoforms may have [...] (1123 aa)
FBXO32F-box only protein 32; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Probably recognizes and binds to phosphorylated target proteins during skeletal muscle atrophy. Recognizes TERF1. (355 aa)
CSRP3Cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3; Positive regulator of myogenesis. Acts as cofactor for myogenic bHLH transcription factors such as MYOD1, and probably MYOG and MYF6. Enhances the DNA-binding activity of the MYOD1:TCF3 isoform E47 complex and may promote formation of a functional MYOD1:TCF3 isoform E47:MEF2A complex involved in myogenesis (By similarity). Plays a crucial and specific role in the organization of cytosolic structures in cardiomyocytes. Could play a role in mechanical stretch sensing. May be a scaffold protein that promotes the assembly of interacting proteins at Z-li [...] (194 aa)
SMTNL1Smoothelin-like protein 1; Plays a role in the regulation of contractile properties of both striated and smooth muscles. When unphosphorylated, may inhibit myosin dephosphorylation. Phosphorylation at Ser-299 reduces this inhibitory activity (By similarity). (494 aa)
CRYABAlpha-crystallin B chain; May contribute to the transparency and refractive index of the lens. Has chaperone-like activity, preventing aggregation of various proteins under a wide range of stress conditions. (175 aa)
C10orf113Putative uncharacterized protein C10orf113. (155 aa)
ARF1ADP-ribosylation factor 1; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking among different compartments. Modulates vesicle budding and uncoating within the Golgi complex. Deactivation induces the redistribution of the entire Golgi complex to the endoplasmic reticulum, suggesting a crucial role in protein trafficking. In its GTP-bound form, its triggers the association with coat proteins with the Golgi membrane. The hydrolysis of ARF1-bound GTP, which is mediated by ARFGAPs proteins, is required for dissociation of coat proteins from Golgi membranes and vesicles. The GTP-bound form [...] (181 aa)
DAG1Alpha-dystroglycan; The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sarcolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization. Beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non- muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell ad [...] (895 aa)
MYBPC3Myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-type; Thick filament-associated protein located in the crossbridge region of vertebrate striated muscle a bands. In vitro it binds MHC, F- actin and native thin filaments, and modifies the activity of actin- activated myosin ATPase. It may modulate muscle contraction or may play a more structural role. (1274 aa)
SCO2Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the synthesis and maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2. Also acts as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase to regulate the redox state of the cysteines in SCO1 during maturation of MT-CO2/COX2. (266 aa)
TWF1Twinfilin-1; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles (By similarity). (357 aa)
ASB2Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 2; Substrate-recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin- Cullin-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. [Isoform 2]: Involved in myogenic differentiation and targets filamin FLNB for proteasomal degradation but not filamin FLNA. (635 aa)
OBSCNObscurin; Structural component of striated muscles which plays a role in myofibrillogenesis. Probably involved in the assembly of myosin into sarcomeric A bands in striated muscle. Has serine/threonine protein kinase activity and phosphorylates N-cadherin CDH2 and sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit ATP1B1 (By similarity). Binds (via the PH domain) strongly to phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2), and to a lesser extent to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P), phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate ( [...] (8923 aa)
ACTG1Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (375 aa)
MYL12BMyosin regulatory light chain 12B; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Phosphorylation triggers actin polymerization in vascular smooth muscle. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion. (172 aa)
MYH3Myosin-3; Muscle contraction. (1940 aa)
MYL12AMyosin regulatory light chain 12A; Myosin regulatory subunit that plays an important role in regulation of both smooth muscle and nonmuscle cell contractile activity via its phosphorylation. Implicated in cytokinesis, receptor capping, and cell locomotion (By similarity). (177 aa)
GCOM1GRINL1A combined protein 15; GRINL1A complex locus 1. (765 aa)
FHOD3FH1/FH2 domain-containing protein 3; Actin-organizing protein that may cause stress fiber formation together with cell elongation (By similarity). Isoform 4 may play a role in actin filament polymerization in cardiomyocytes. (1622 aa)
TTNTitin; Key component in the assembly and functioning of vertebrate striated muscles. By providing connections at the level of individual microfilaments, it contributes to the fine balance of forces between the two halves of the sarcomere. The size and extensibility of the cross-links are the main determinants of sarcomere extensibility properties of muscle. In non-muscle cells, seems to play a role in chromosome condensation and chromosome segregation during mitosis. Might link the lamina network to chromatin or nuclear actin, or both during interphase; Belongs to the protein kinase su [...] (32000 aa)
TNNT1Troponin T, slow skeletal muscle; Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (278 aa)
PDLIM5PDZ and LIM domain 5. (625 aa)
LRRC39Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 39; Component of the sarcomeric M-band which plays a role in myocyte response to biomechanical stress. May regulate expression of other M-band proteins via an SRF-dependent pathway. Important for normal contractile function in heart. (339 aa)
NEBNebulin; This giant muscle protein may be involved in maintaining the structural integrity of sarcomeres and the membrane system associated with the myofibrils. Binds and stabilize F-actin. (8560 aa)
RYR3Ryanodine receptor 3; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm in muscle and thereby plays a role in triggering muscle contraction. May regulate Ca(2+) release by other calcium channels. Calcium channel that mediates Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle cells. Contributes to cellular calcium ion homeostasis (By similarity). Plays a role in cellular calcium signaling. (4870 aa)
PVALEFParvalbumin-like EF-hand-containing protein; Parvalbumin like EF-hand containing; Belongs to the parvalbumin family. (134 aa)
TPM4Tropomyosin alpha-4 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments (By similarity). Binds calcium. (284 aa)
CTNNB1Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa)
ENO1Alpha-enolase; Glycolytic enzyme the catalyzes the conversion of 2- phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate. In addition to glycolysis, involved in various processes such as growth control, hypoxia tolerance and allergic responses. May also function in the intravascular and pericellular fibrinolytic system due to its ability to serve as a receptor and activator of plasminogen on the cell surface of several cell-types such as leukocytes and neurons. Stimulates immunoglobulin production. Belongs to the enolase family. (434 aa)
ALDOAFructose-bisphosphate aldolase A; Plays a key role in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. In addition, may also function as scaffolding protein (By similarity). Belongs to the class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolase family. (418 aa)
TPM2Tropomyosin beta chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments. The non-muscle isoform may have a role in agonist-mediated receptor internalization. (284 aa)
TPM3Tropomyosin alpha-3 chain; Binds to actin filaments in muscle and non-muscle cells. Plays a central role, in association with the troponin complex, in the calcium dependent regulation of vertebrate striated muscle contraction. Smooth muscle contraction is regulated by interaction with caldesmon. In non-muscle cells is implicated in stabilizing cytoskeleton actin filaments; Belongs to the tropomyosin family. (285 aa)
KCNJ8ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity). Belon [...] (424 aa)
MYL3Myosin light chain 3; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (195 aa)
TNNT2Troponin T, cardiac muscle; Troponin T is the tropomyosin-binding subunit of troponin, the thin filament regulatory complex which confers calcium-sensitivity to striated muscle actomyosin ATPase activity. (298 aa)
CALM1Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin 1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (150 aa)
CALM2Calmodulin 2. (149 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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