STRINGSTRING
ACPP ACPP EZR EZR ARL4C ARL4C PALM PALM NF2 NF2 FZD9 FZD9 SHTN1 SHTN1 DYNC1H1 DYNC1H1 FXR1 FXR1 SYNE2 SYNE2 AP2A1 AP2A1 ITGB1 ITGB1 GAP43 GAP43 MYO1B MYO1B FSCN1 FSCN1 RUFY3 RUFY3 SPEF1 SPEF1 B4GALT1 B4GALT1 PODXL PODXL HLA-G HLA-G TTYH1 TTYH1 ABI1 ABI1 LY6G6D LY6G6D ABITRAM ABITRAM SRC SRC WDR34 WDR34 FMR1 FMR1 MTM1 MTM1 MYO6 MYO6 UTRN UTRN ENAH ENAH ACTA1 ACTA1 ACTN2 ACTN2 NOS1AP NOS1AP DMD DMD MAP2 MAP2 MSN MSN GPM6A GPM6A EPHA4 EPHA4 FSCN3 FSCN3 SLC9A3R1 SLC9A3R1 UBE2K UBE2K ITGAV ITGAV RIPOR2 RIPOR2 CD302 CD302 MYO1G MYO1G FXR2 FXR2 VIL1 VIL1 VASP VASP FZD3 FZD3 ACTA2 ACTA2 CXADR CXADR APP APP IGF2BP1 IGF2BP1 ACTC1 ACTC1 UBE2Q1 UBE2Q1 PDPN PDPN VCAM1 VCAM1 ABI2 ABI2 DNALI1 DNALI1 INPPL1 INPPL1 ARF6 ARF6 ANTXR1 ANTXR1 TWF2 TWF2 MORN4 MORN4 ITGA3 ITGA3 OSBPL3 OSBPL3 BAIAP2 BAIAP2 RAPH1 RAPH1 DEF6 DEF6 TUBB3 TUBB3 CDC42 CDC42 RDX RDX MYO3A MYO3A KITLG KITLG FARP1 FARP1 SRCIN1 SRCIN1 CYFIP1 CYFIP1 CIB1 CIB1 PPP1R9B PPP1R9B SCIMP SCIMP ITGB3 ITGB3 TWF1 TWF1 TBC1D10C TBC1D10C DAG1 DAG1 TIAM2 TIAM2 FGD4 FGD4 TENM2 TENM2 MYO10 MYO10 CDK5 CDK5 ADGRA2 ADGRA2 FAT1 FAT1 TRPV4 TRPV4 UNC5C UNC5C PPP1R9A PPP1R9A SPATA13 SPATA13 FGF13 FGF13 RAPGEF3 RAPGEF3 NLGN1 NLGN1 ACTG2 ACTG2 MYO3B MYO3B NGDN NGDN MYO5A MYO5A LCP1 LCP1 EPHB1 EPHB1 ERMN ERMN IQGAP2 IQGAP2
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ACPPProstatic acid phosphatase; A non-specific tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates a diverse number of substrates under acidic conditions (pH 4-6) including alkyl, aryl, and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Has lipid phosphatase activity and inactivates lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma; Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. (418 aa)
EZREzrin; Probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. In epithelial cells, required for the formation of microvilli and membrane ruffles on the apical pole. Along with PLEKHG6, required for normal macropinocytosis. (586 aa)
ARL4CADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 4C; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound form, and the rate of cycling is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEF) and GTPase- activating proteins (GAP). GTP-binding protein that does not act as an allosteric activator of the cholera toxin catalytic subunit. May be involved in transport between a perinuclear compartment and the plasma membrane, apparently linked to the ABCA1-mediated cholesterol secretion pathway. Recruits CYTH1, CYTH2, CYTH3 and CYTH4 to the plasma membrane in th [...] (201 aa)
PALMParalemmin-1; Involved in plasma membrane dynamics and cell process formation. Isoform 1 and isoform 2 are necessary for axonal and dendritic filopodia induction, for dendritic spine maturation and synapse formation in a palmitoylation-dependent manner. (387 aa)
NF2Merlin; Probable regulator of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. Along with WWC1 can synergistically induce the phosphorylation of LATS1 and LATS2 and can probably function in the regulation of the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway. May act as a membrane stabilizing protein. May inhibit PI3 kinase by binding to AGAP2 and impairing its stimulating activity. Suppresses cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the CUL4A-RBX1-DDB1-VprBP/DCAF [...] (595 aa)
FZD9Frizzled-9; Receptor for WNT2 that is coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in neuromuscular junction (NMJ) assembly by negatively regulating the clustering of acetylcholine receptors (AChR) through the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway (By similarity). May play a role in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) viability through the beta- catenin canonical signaling pathway by negatively [...] (591 aa)
SHTN1Shootin-1; Involved in the generation of internal asymmetric signals required for neuronal polarization and neurite outgrowth. Mediates netrin-1-induced F-actin-substrate coupling or 'clutch engagement' within the axon growth cone through activation of CDC42, RAC1 and PAK1- dependent signaling pathway, thereby converting the F-actin retrograde flow into traction forces, concomitantly with filopodium extension and axon outgrowth. Plays a role in cytoskeletal organization by regulating the subcellular localization of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity at the axonal growth cone. Pl [...] (631 aa)
DYNC1H1Cytoplasmic dynein 1 heavy chain 1; Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP. Plays a role in mitotic spindle assembly and metaphase plate congression. Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family. (4646 aa)
FXR1Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 1; RNA-binding protein required for embryonic and postnatal development of muscle tissue. May regulate intracellular transport and local translation of certain mRNAs (By similarity); Belongs to the FMR1 family. (621 aa)
SYNE2Nesprin-2; Multi-isomeric modular protein which forms a linking network between organelles and the actin cytoskeleton to maintain the subcellular spatial organization. As a component of the LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex involved in the connection between the nuclear lamina and the cytoskeleton. The nucleocytoplasmic interactions established by the LINC complex play an important role in the transmission of mechanical forces across the nuclear envelope and in nuclear movement and positioning. Specifically, SYNE2 and SUN2 assemble in arrays of transmembrane acti [...] (6907 aa)
AP2A1AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1; Component of the adaptor protein complex 2 (AP-2). Adaptor protein complexes function in protein transport via transport vesicles in different membrane traffic pathways. Adaptor protein complexes are vesicle coat components and appear to be involved in cargo selection and vesicle formation. AP-2 is involved in clathrin-dependent endocytosis in which cargo proteins are incorporated into vesicles surrounded by clathrin (clathrin-coated vesicles, CCVs) which are destined for fusion with the early endosome. The clathrin lattice serves as a mechanical scaffold [...] (977 aa)
ITGB1Integrin beta-1; Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G- E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha- 4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha- 11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha- 4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin [...] (798 aa)
GAP43Neuromodulin; This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile 'growth cones' that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction. (274 aa)
MYO1BUnconventional myosin-Ib; Motor protein that may participate in process critical to neuronal development and function such as cell migration, neurite outgrowth and vesicular transport; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1136 aa)
FSCN1Fascin; Actin-binding protein that contains 2 major actin binding sites. Organizes filamentous actin into parallel bundles. Plays a role in the organization of actin filament bundles and the formation of microspikes, membrane ruffles, and stress fibers. Important for the formation of a diverse set of cell protrusions, such as filopodia, and for cell motility and migration. Mediates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and axon growth cone collapse in response to NGF. (493 aa)
RUFY3Protein RUFY3; Plays a role in the generation of neuronal polarity formation and axon growth (By similarity). Implicated in the formation of a single axon by developing neurons (By similarity). May inhibit the formation of additional axons by inhibition of PI3K in minor neuronal processes (By similarity). Plays a role in the formation of F-actin- enriched protrusive structures at the cell periphery. Plays a role in cytoskeletal organization by regulating the subcellular localization of FSCN1 and DBN1 at axonal growth cones (By similarity). Promotes gastric cancer cell migration and inv [...] (620 aa)
SPEF1Sperm flagellar protein 1; Microtubule-associated protein involved in the stabilization of microtubules along the axis of migration during radial intercalation. Promotes the establishment and stabilization of an axis of microtubules required for the active migration of cells into the outer epithelium (By similarity). Microtubule-associated protein that promotes microtubule bundling and stabilizes microtubules against depolymerization in response to cold shock (By similarity). (236 aa)
B4GALT1Processed beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids. (398 aa)
PODXLPodocalyxin; Involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. Functions as an anti-adhesive molecule that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Acts as a pro- adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell-cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner. Induces the formation of apical actin- dependent microvilli. Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma membrane subdomain to set up initial epithelial p [...] (558 aa)
HLA-GSoluble HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G; [Isoform 1]: Non-classical major histocompatibility class Ib molecule involved in immune regulatory processes at the maternal-fetal interface. In complex with B2M/beta-2 microglobulin binds a limited repertoire of nonamer self-peptides derived from intracellular proteins including histones and ribosomal proteins. Peptide-bound HLA-G-B2M complex acts as a ligand for inhibitory/activating KIR2DL4, LILRB1 and LILRB2 receptors on uterine immune cells to promote fetal development while maintaining maternal- fetal tolerance. Upon [...] (343 aa)
TTYH1Protein tweety homolog 1; Probable chloride channel. May be involved in cell adhesion (By similarity); Belongs to the tweety family. (460 aa)
ABI1Abl interactor 1; May act in negative regulation of cell growth and transformation by interacting with nonreceptor tyrosine kinases ABL1 and/or ABL2. May play a role in regulation of EGF-induced Erk pathway activation. Involved in cytoskeletal reorganization and EGFR signaling. Together with EPS8 participates in transduction of signals from Ras to Rac. In vitro, a trimeric complex of ABI1, EPS8 and SOS1 exhibits Rac specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity and ABI1 seems to act as an adapter in the complex. Regulates ABL1/c-Abl- mediated phosphorylation of ENAH. Recru [...] (508 aa)
LY6G6DLymphocyte antigen 6 family member G6D. (133 aa)
ABITRAMProtein Abitram; Actin-binding protein that regulates actin polymerization, filopodia dynamics and increases the branching of proximal dendrites of developing neurons. (181 aa)
SRCProto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src; Non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase which is activated following engagement of many different classes of cellular receptors including immune response receptors, integrins and other adhesion receptors, receptor protein tyrosine kinases, G protein-coupled receptors as well as cytokine receptors. Participates in signaling pathways that control a diverse spectrum of biological activities including gene transcription, immune response, cell adhesion, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and transformation. Due to functional redundancy bet [...] (536 aa)
WDR34WD repeat-containing protein 34; Critical for ciliary functions, essential to normal development and survival, most probably as a previously unrecognized component of the mammalian dynein-motor-based intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery. Acts as a negative regulator of the Toll-like and IL- 1R receptor signaling pathways. Inhibits the MAP3K7-induced NF-kappa-B activation pathway. Inhibits MAP3K7 phosphorylation at 'Thr-184' and 'Thr-187' upon Il-1 beta stimulation. (536 aa)
FMR1Synaptic functional regulator FMR1; Multifunctional polyribosome-associated RNA-binding protein that plays a central role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity through the regulation of alternative mRNA splicing, mRNA stability, mRNA dendritic transport and postsynaptic local protein synthesis of a subset of mRNAs. Plays a role in the alternative splicing of its own mRNA. Plays a role in mRNA nuclear export (By similarity). Together with export factor NXF2, is involved in the regulation of the NXF1 mRNA stability in neurons (By similarity). Stabilizes the scaffolding postsyna [...] (632 aa)
MTM1Myotubularin; Lipid phosphatase which dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate (PI3P) and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PI(3,5)P2). Has also been shown to dephosphorylate phosphotyrosine- and phosphoserine-containing peptides. Negatively regulates EGFR degradation through regulation of EGFR trafficking from the late endosome to the lysosome. Plays a role in vacuolar formation and morphology. Regulates desmin intermediate filament assembly and architecture. Plays a role in mitochondrial morphology and positioning. Required for skeletal muscle maintenance but not fo [...] (603 aa)
MYO6Unconventional myosin-VI; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity (By similarity). Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements (By similarity). Myosin 6 is a reverse-direction motor protein that moves towards the minus-end of actin filaments. Has slow rate of actin-activated ADP release due to weak ATP binding (By similarity). Functions in a variety of intracellular processes such as vesicular membrane trafficking and cell migration (By similarity). Required for the structural integrity of the Golgi apparatus via the p53-dependent pro-survival pathway. [...] (1285 aa)
UTRNUtrophin; May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. (3433 aa)
ENAHProtein enabled homolog; Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance and lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics in migrating cells. ENAH induces the formation of F-actin rich outgrowths in fibroblasts. Acts synergistically with BAIAP2-alpha and downstream of NTN1 to promote filipodia formation (By similarity). (591 aa)
ACTA1Actin, alpha skeletal muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells; Belongs to the actin family. (377 aa)
ACTN2Alpha-actinin-2; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein. (894 aa)
NOS1APCarboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase protein; Adapter protein involved in neuronal nitric-oxide (NO) synthesis regulation via its association with nNOS/NOS1. The complex formed with NOS1 and synapsins is necessary for specific NO and synapsin functions at a presynaptic level. Mediates an indirect interaction between NOS1 and RASD1 leading to enhance the ability of NOS1 to activate RASD1. Competes with DLG4 for interaction with NOS1, possibly affecting NOS1 activity by regulating the interaction between NOS1 and DLG4 (By similarity). (506 aa)
DMDDystrophin; Anchors the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton via F- actin. Ligand for dystroglycan. Component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex which accumulates at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous systems and has a structural function in stabilizing the sarcolemma. Also implicated in signaling events and synaptic transmission. (3685 aa)
MAP2Microtubule-associated protein 2; The exact function of MAP2 is unknown but MAPs may stabilize the microtubules against depolymerization. They also seem to have a stiffening effect on microtubules. (1827 aa)
MSNMoesin; Ezrin-radixin-moesin (ERM) family protein that connects the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane and thereby regulates the structure and function of specific domains of the cell cortex. Tethers actin filaments by oscillating between a resting and an activated state providing transient interactions between moesin and the actin cytoskeleton. Once phosphorylated on its C-terminal threonine, moesin is activated leading to interaction with F-actin and cytoskeletal rearrangement. These rearrangements regulate many cellular processes, including cell shape determination, membrane [...] (577 aa)
GPM6ANeuronal membrane glycoprotein M6-a; Involved in neuronal differentiation, including differentiation and migration of neuronal stem cells. Plays a role in neuronal plasticity and is involved in neurite and filopodia outgrowth, filopodia motility and probably synapse formation. GPM6A-induced filopodia formation involves mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Src signaling pathways. May be involved in neuronal NGF-dependent Ca(2+) influx. May be involved in regulation of endocytosis and intracellular trafficking of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs); enhances internalization and re [...] (278 aa)
EPHA4Ephrin type-A receptor 4; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds membrane-bound ephrin family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Highly promiscuous, it has the unique property among Eph receptors to bind and to be physiologically activated by both GPI- anchored ephrin-A and transmembrane ephrin-B ligands including EFNA1 and EFNB3. U [...] (986 aa)
FSCN3Fascin-3; Acts as an actin bundling protein; Belongs to the fascin family. (498 aa)
SLC9A3R1Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF1; Scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins with members of the ezrin/moesin/radixin family and thereby helps to link them to the actin cytoskeleton and to regulate their surface expression. Necessary for recycling of internalized ADRB2. Was first known to play a role in the regulation of the activity and subcellular location of SLC9A3. Necessary for cAMP-mediated phosphorylation and inhibition of SLC9A3. May enhance Wnt signaling. May participate in HTR4 targeting to microvilli (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of [...] (358 aa)
UBE2KUbiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 K; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro, in the presence or in the absence of BRCA1-BARD1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex, catalyzes the synthesis of 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Does not transfer ubiquitin directly to but elongates monoubiquitinated substrate protein. Mediates the selective degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins, such as the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded lumenal proteins. Ubiquitinates huntingtin. May mediate foam [...] (200 aa)
ITGAVIntegrin alpha-V heavy chain; The alpha-V (ITGAV) integrins are receptors for vitronectin, cytotactin, fibronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase- 2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vWF. They recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and may act as its coreceptor in CX3CR1- dependent fractalkine signaling. ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to NRG1 (via EGF domain) and this binding is essential for NRG1-ERBB signaling. ITGAV:ITGB3 binds to FGF1 and this binding is essential for FGF1 signaling. ITGAV:ITGB [...] (1048 aa)
RIPOR2Rho family-interacting cell polarization regulator 2; Acts as an inhibitor of the small GTPase RHOA and plays several roles in the regulation of myoblast and hair cell differentiation, lymphocyte T proliferation and neutrophil polarization. Inhibits chemokine-induced T lymphocyte responses, such as cell adhesion, polarization and migration. Involved also in the regulation of neutrophil polarization, chemotaxis and adhesion (By similarity). Required for normal development of inner and outer hair cell stereocilia within the cochlea of the inner ear (By similarity). Plays a role for maint [...] (1068 aa)
CD302CD302 antigen; Potential multifunctional C-type lectin receptor that may play roles in endocytosis and phagocytosis as well as in cell adhesion and migration. (232 aa)
MYO1GMinor histocompatibility antigen HA-2; Unconventional myosin required during immune response for detection of rare antigen-presenting cells by regulating T-cell migration. Unconventional myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity and serve in intracellular movements. Acts as a regulator of T-cell migration by generating membrane tension, enforcing cell-intrinsic meandering search, thereby enhancing detection of rare antigens during lymph-node surveillance, enabling pathogen eradication. Also required in B-cells, where it regulates different membrane/cytoskeleton-depen [...] (1018 aa)
FXR2Fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 2; RNA-binding protein; Belongs to the FMR1 family. (673 aa)
VIL1Villin-1; Epithelial cell-specific Ca(2+)-regulated actin-modifying protein that modulates the reorganization of microvillar actin filaments. Plays a role in the actin nucleation, actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping and severing. Binds phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA); binds LPA with higher affinity than PIP2. Binding to LPA increases its phosphorylation by SRC and inhibits all actin-modifying activities. Binding to PIP2 inhibits actin-capping and -severing activities but enhances actin-bundling activity. Regulates the inte [...] (827 aa)
VASPVasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein; Ena/VASP proteins are actin-associated proteins involved in a range of processes dependent on cytoskeleton remodeling and cell polarity such as axon guidance, lamellipodial and filopodial dynamics, platelet activation and cell migration. VASP promotes actin filament elongation. It protects the barbed end of growing actin filaments against capping and increases the rate of actin polymerization in the presence of capping protein. VASP stimulates actin filament elongation by promoting the transfer of profilin-bound actin monomers onto the barbed end [...] (380 aa)
FZD3Frizzled-3; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most of frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to i [...] (666 aa)
ACTA2Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa)
CXADRCoxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downs [...] (365 aa)
APPGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis- inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits [...] (770 aa)
IGF2BP1Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 1; RNA-binding factor that recruits target transcripts to cytoplasmic protein-RNA complexes (mRNPs). This transcript 'caging' into mRNPs allows mRNA transport and transient storage. It also modulates the rate and location at which target transcripts encounter the translational apparatus and shields them from endonuclease attacks or microRNA-mediated degradation. Plays a direct role in the transport and translation of transcripts required for axonal regeneration in adult sensory neurons (By similarity). Regulates localized beta- actin/AC [...] (577 aa)
ACTC1Actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa)
UBE2Q1Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 Q1; Catalyzes the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to other proteins. May be involved in hormonal homeostasis in females. Involved in regulation of B4GALT1 cell surface expression, B4GALT1-mediated cell adhesion to laminin and embryoid body formation (By similarity). (422 aa)
PDPN29kDa cytosolic podoplanin intracellular domain; Mediates effects on cell migration and adhesion through its different partners. During development plays a role in blood and lymphatic vessels separation by binding CLEC1B, triggering CLEC1B activation in platelets and leading to platelet activation and/or aggregation. Interaction with CD9, on the contrary, attenuates platelet aggregation induced by PDPN. Through MSN or EZR interaction promotes epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) leading to ERZ phosphorylation and triggering RHOA activation leading to cell migration increase and inv [...] (238 aa)
VCAM1Vascular cell adhesion protein 1; Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with integrin alpha- 4/beta-1 (ITGA4/ITGB1) on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/ITGA4/ITGB1 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation. (739 aa)
ABI2Abl interactor 2; Regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics underlying cell motility and adhesion. Functions as a component of the WAVE complex, which activates actin nucleating machinery Arp2/3 to drive lamellipodia formation. Acts as regulator and substrate of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases ABL1 and ABL2 involved in processes linked to cell growth and differentiation. Positively regulates ABL1-mediated phosphorylation of ENAH, which is required for proper polymerization of nucleated actin filaments at the leading edge. Contributes to the regulation of actin assembly at the tips of neuro [...] (513 aa)
DNALI1Axonemal dynein light intermediate polypeptide 1; May play a dynamic role in flagellar motility. (280 aa)
INPPL1Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate 5-phosphatase 2; Phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) phosphatase that specifically hydrolyzes the 5-phosphate of phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4,5)P3) to produce PtdIns(3,4)P2, thereby negatively regulating the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) pathways. Plays a central role in regulation of PI3K-dependent insulin signaling, although the precise molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remain unclear. While overexpression reduces both insulin-stimulated MAP kinase and Akt activation, its absence does not affect insulin signaling [...] (1258 aa)
ARF6ADP-ribosylation factor 6; GTP-binding protein involved in protein trafficking that regulates endocytic recycling and cytoskeleton remodeling. Required for normal completion of mitotic cytokinesis (By similarity). Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and the formation of stress fibers (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of dendritic spine development, contributing to the regulation of dendritic branching and filopodia extension. Plays an important role in membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization. Regulates surface le [...] (175 aa)
ANTXR1Anthrax toxin receptor 1; Plays a role in cell attachment and migration. Interacts with extracellular matrix proteins and with the actin cytoskeleton. Mediates adhesion of cells to type 1 collagen and gelatin, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and promotes cell spreading. Plays a role in the angiogenic response of cultured umbilical vein endothelial cells. (564 aa)
TWF2Twinfilin-2; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles. May play a role in regulating the mature length of the middle and short rows of stereocilia (By similarity); Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. Twinfilin subfamily. (349 aa)
MORN4MORN repeat-containing protein 4; Plays a role in promoting axonal degeneration following neuronal injury by toxic insult or trauma. (146 aa)
ITGA3Integrin alpha-3 heavy chain; Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 is a receptor for fibronectin, laminin, collagen, epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Integrin alpha- 3/beta-1 provides a docking site for FAP (seprase) at invadopodia plasma membranes in a collagen-dependent manner and hence may participate in the adhesion, formation of invadopodia and matrix degradation processes, promoting cell invasion. Alpha-3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. (1051 aa)
OSBPL3Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 3; Phosphoinositide-binding protein which associates with both cell and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Can bind to the ER membrane protein VAPA and recruit VAPA to plasma membrane sites, thus linking these intracellular compartments. The ORP3-VAPA complex stimulates RRAS signaling which in turn attenuates integrin beta-1 (ITGB1) activation at the cell surface. With VAPA, may regulate ER morphology. Has a role in regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarity and cell adhesion. Binds to phosphoinositides with preference for PI(3,4)P2 [...] (887 aa)
BAIAP2Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2; Adapter protein that links membrane-bound small G-proteins to cytoplasmic effector proteins. Necessary for CDC42-mediated reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and for RAC1-mediated membrane ruffling. Involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by WASF family members and the Arp2/3 complex. Plays a role in neurite growth. Acts syngeristically with ENAH to promote filipodia formation. Plays a role in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to bacterial infection. Participates in actin bundling whe [...] (552 aa)
RAPH1Ras-associated and pleckstrin homology domains-containing protein 1; Mediator of localized membrane signals. Implicated in the regulation of lamellipodial dynamics. Negatively regulates cell adhesion. (1250 aa)
DEF6Differentially expressed in FDCP 6 homolog; Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which plays a role in the activation of Rho GTPases RAC1, RhoA and CDC42. Can regulate cell morphology in cooperation with activated RAC1. Plays a role in Th2 (T helper cells) development and/or activation, perhaps by interfering with ZAP70 signaling (By similarity). (631 aa)
TUBB3Tubulin beta-3 chain; Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. TUBB3 plays a critical role in proper axon guidance and mantainance. Binding of NTN1/Netrin-1 to its receptor UNC5C might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion. Plays a role in dorsal root ganglion axon projection towards the spinal cord. (450 aa)
CDC42Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration. In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections. Required for DOCK10-med [...] (191 aa)
RDXRadixin; Probably plays a crucial role in the binding of the barbed end of actin filaments to the plasma membrane. (604 aa)
MYO3AMyosin-IIIa; Probable actin-based motor with a protein kinase activity. Probably plays a role in vision and hearing. Required for normal cochlear hair bundle development and hearing. Plays an important role in the early steps of cochlear hair bundle morphogenesis. Influences the number and lengths of stereocilia to be produced and limits the growth of microvilli within the forming auditory hair bundles thereby contributing to the architecture of the hair bundle, including its staircase pattern. Involved in the elongation of actin in stereocilia tips by transporting the actin regulatory [...] (1616 aa)
KITLGSoluble KIT ligand; Ligand for the receptor-type protein-tyrosine kinase KIT. Plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. KITLG/SCF binding can activate several signaling pathways. Promotes phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and subsequent activation of the kinase AKT1. KITLG/SCF and KIT also transmit signals via GRB2 and activation of RAS, RAF1 and the MAP kinases MAPK1/ERK2 and/or M [...] (273 aa)
FARP1FERM, ARHGEF and pleckstrin domain-containing protein 1; Functions as guanine nucleotide exchange factor for RAC1. May play a role in semaphorin signaling. Plays a role in the assembly and disassembly of dendritic filopodia, the formation of dendritic spines, regulation of dendrite length and ultimately the formation of synapses (By similarity). (1076 aa)
SRCIN1SRC kinase signaling inhibitor 1; Acts as a negative regulator of SRC by activating CSK which inhibits SRC activity and downstream signaling, leading to impaired cell spreading and migration. Regulates dendritic spine morphology. Involved in calcium-dependent exocytosis. May play a role in neurotransmitter release or synapse maintenance. (1183 aa)
CYFIP1Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1; Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translational repression. In the CYFIP1-EIF4E- FMR1 complex this subunit is an adapter between EIF4E and FMR1. Promotes the translation repression activity of FMR1 in brain probably by mediating its association with EIF4E and mRNA (By similarity). Regulates formation of membrane ruffles and lamellipodia. Plays a role in axon outgrowth. Binds to F-actin but not to RNA. Part of the WAVE complex that regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with th [...] (1253 aa)
CIB1Calcium and integrin-binding protein 1; Calcium-binding protein that plays a role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes, such as cell differentiation, cell division, cell proliferation, cell migration, thrombosis, angiogenesis, cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis. Involved in bone marrow megakaryocyte differentiation by negatively regulating thrombopoietin- mediated signaling pathway. Participates in the endomitotic cell cycle of megakaryocyte, a form of mitosis in which both karyokinesis and cytokinesis are interrupted. Plays a role in integrin signaling by negatively regulat [...] (231 aa)
PPP1R9BNeurabin-2; Seems to act as a scaffold protein in multiple signaling pathways. Modulates excitatory synaptic transmission and dendritic spine morphology. Binds to actin filaments (F-actin) and shows cross- linking activity. Binds along the sides of the F-actin. May play an important role in linking the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane at the synaptic junction. Believed to target protein phosphatase 1/PP1 to dendritic spines, which are rich in F-actin, and regulates its specificity toward ion channels and other substrates, such as AMPA-type and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Pl [...] (817 aa)
SCIMPSLP adapter and CSK-interacting membrane protein; Lipid tetraspanin-associated transmembrane adapter/mediator that acts as a scaffold for Src-family kinases and other signaling proteins in immune cells. It is involved in major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) signaling transduction in B cells, where it is required in generating the calcium response and enhancing ERK activity upon MHC-II stimulation. In dendritic cells, it is involved in sustaining CLEC7A/DECTIN1 signaling after CLEC7A activation by fungal beta-glucans (By similarity). It also acts as an agonist-inducible si [...] (145 aa)
ITGB3Integrin beta-3; Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A- G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following ac [...] (788 aa)
TWF1Twinfilin-1; Actin-binding protein involved in motile and morphological processes. Inhibits actin polymerization, likely by sequestering G- actin. By capping the barbed ends of filaments, it also regulates motility. Seems to play an important role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and distribution of endocytic organelles (By similarity). (357 aa)
TBC1D10CCarabin; Inhibits the Ras signaling pathway through its intrinsic Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity. Acts as a negative feedback inhibitor of the calcineurin signaling pathway that also mediates crosstalk between calcineurin and Ras. (446 aa)
DAG1Alpha-dystroglycan; The dystroglycan complex is involved in a number of processes including laminin and basement membrane assembly, sarcolemmal stability, cell survival, peripheral nerve myelination, nodal structure, cell migration, and epithelial polarization. Beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein that plays important roles in connecting the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Acts as a cell adhesion receptor in both muscle and non- muscle tissues. Receptor for both DMD and UTRN and, through these interactions, scaffolds axin to the cytoskeleton. Also functions in cell ad [...] (895 aa)
TIAM2T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 2; Modulates the activity of RHO-like proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. Acts as a GDP- dissociation stimulator protein that stimulates the GDP-GTP exchange activity of RHO-like GTPases and activates them. Mediates extracellular laminin signals to activate Rac1, contributing to neurite growth. Involved in lamellipodial formation and advancement of the growth cone of embryonic hippocampal neurons. Promotes migration of neurons in the cerebral cortex. When overexpressed, induces membrane ruffling acc [...] (1701 aa)
FGD4FYVE, RhoGEF and PH domain-containing protein 4; Activates CDC42, a member of the Ras-like family of Rho- and Rac proteins, by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Plays a role in regulating the actin cytoskeleton and cell shape. Activates MAPK8 (By similarity). (878 aa)
TENM2Ten-2 intracellular domain; Involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system. Promotes the formation of filopodia and enlarged growth cone in neuronal cells. Induces homophilic cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). May function as a cellular signal transducer. [Ten-2 intracellular domain]: Induces gene transcription inhibition. (2535 aa)
MYO10Unconventional myosin-X; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. MYO10 binds to actin filaments and actin bundles and functions as plus end-directed motor. The tail domain binds to membranous compartments containing phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate or integrins, and mediates cargo transport along actin filaments. Regulates cell shape, cell spreading and cell adhesion. Stimulates the formation and elongation of filopodia. May play a role in neurite outgrowth and axon guidance. In hippocampal neurons i [...] (2058 aa)
CDK5Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5; Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neu [...] (292 aa)
ADGRA2Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A2; Endothelial receptor which functions together with RECK to enable brain endothelial cells to selectively respond to Wnt7 signals (WNT7A or WNT7B). Plays a key role in Wnt7-specific responses, such as endothelial cell sprouting and migration in the forebrain and neural tube, and establishment of the blood-brain barrier (By similarity). Acts as a Wnt7-specific coactivator of canonical Wnt signaling: required to deliver RECK-bound Wnt7 to frizzled by assembling a higher-order RECK-ADGRA2-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex. ADGRA2-tethering function does not rely [...] (1338 aa)
FAT1Protocadherin Fat 1, nuclear form; Plays an essential role for cellular polarization, directed cell migration and modulating cell-cell contact. (4588 aa)
TRPV4Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4; Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Activation by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range exhibits an outward rectification. Also activated by heat, low pH, citrate and phorbol esters. Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) potentiates currents. Channel activity seems to be regulated by a calmodulin- dependent mechanism with a negative feedback mechanism. Promotes cell-cell junction formation in skin keratinocytes and plays an important role in t [...] (871 aa)
UNC5CNetrin receptor UNC5C; Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance (By similarity). Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding (By similarity). NTN1/Netrin-1 binding might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion. Axon repulsion in growth cones may also be caused by its association with DCC that may trigger signaling for repulsion (By similarity). Might also collaborate with DSCAM in NTN1-mediated axon repulsion independently of D [...] (931 aa)
PPP1R9ANeurabin-1; Binds to actin filaments (F-actin) and shows cross-linking activity. Binds along the sides of the F-actin. May be involved in neurite formation. Inhibits protein phosphatase 1-alpha activity (By similarity). (1374 aa)
SPATA13Spermatogenesis-associated protein 13; Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RHOA, RAC1 and CDC42 GTPases. Regulates cell migration and adhesion assembly and disassembly through a RAC1, PI3K, RHOA and AKT1-dependent mechanism. Increases both RAC1 and CDC42 activity, but decreases the amount of active RHOA. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Involved in tumor angiogenesis and may play a role in intestinal adenoma formation and tumor progression. (1277 aa)
FGF13Fibroblast growth factor 13; Microtubule-binding protein which directly binds tubulin and is involved in both polymerization and stabilization of microtubules (By similarity). Through its action on microtubules, may participate to the refinement of axons by negatively regulating axonal and leading processes branching (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in neuron polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus (By similarity). May regulate voltage-gated sodium channels transport and function. May also play a role in MAPK signaling (By similarity). Required for th [...] (255 aa)
RAPGEF3Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Through simultaneous binding of PDE3B to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 is assembled in a signaling complex in which it activates the PI3K gamma complex and which is involved in angiogenesis. Plays a role in the modulation of the cAMP- induced dynamic control of endothelial barrier function through a pathway that is independent on Rho-mediated signaling. Required for the actin rearrangement at cell-cell junctions, such as stress fibers and junction [...] (923 aa)
NLGN1Neuroligin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions via its interactions with neurexin family members. Plays a role in synapse function and synaptic signal transmission, and probably mediates its effects by recruiting and clustering other synaptic proteins. May promote the initial formation of synapses, but is not essential for this. In vitro, triggers the de novo formation of presynaptic structures. May be involved in specification of excitatory synapses. Required to maintain wakefulness quality and normal synchrony of cerebral cortex activity during wakefulness and sleep. (823 aa)
ACTG2Actin, gamma-enteric smooth muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells; Belongs to the actin family. (376 aa)
MYO3BMyosin-IIIb; Probable actin-based motor with a protein kinase activity. Required for normal cochlear hair bundle development and hearing. Plays an important role in the early steps of cochlear hair bundle morphogenesis. Influences the number and lengths of stereocilia to be produced and limits the growth of microvilli within the forming auditory hair bundles thereby contributing to the architecture of the hair bundle, including its staircase pattern. Involved in the elongation of actin in stereocilia tips by transporting the actin regulatory factor ESPN to the plus ends of actin filaments. (1341 aa)
NGDNNeuroguidin; Involved in the translational repression of cytoplasmic polyadenylation element (CPE)-containing mRNAs; Belongs to the SAS10 family. (315 aa)
MYO5AUnconventional myosin-Va; Processive actin-based motor that can move in large steps approximating the 36-nm pseudo-repeat of the actin filament. Involved in melanosome transport. Also mediates the transport of vesicles to the plasma membrane. May also be required for some polarization process involved in dendrite formation. (1855 aa)
LCP1Plastin-2; Actin-binding protein. Plays a role in the activation of T-cells in response to costimulation through TCR/CD3 and CD2 or CD28. Modulates the cell surface expression of IL2RA/CD25 and CD69. (627 aa)
EPHB1Ephrin type-B receptor 1; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously transmembrane ephrin-B family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Cognate/functional ephrin ligands for this receptor include EFNB1, EFNB2 and EFNB3. During nervous system development, regulates retinal axon guidance redirecting ipsilaterally ventrotempora [...] (984 aa)
ERMNErmin; Plays a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements during the late wrapping and/or compaction phases of myelinogenesis as well as in maintenance and stability of myelin sheath in the adult. May play an important role in late-stage oligodendroglia maturation, myelin/Ranvier node formation during CNS development, and in the maintenance and plasticity of related structures in the mature CNS (By similarity). (297 aa)
IQGAP2Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP2; Binds to activated CDC42 and RAC1 but does not seem to stimulate their GTPase activity. Associates with calmodulin. (1575 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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