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| | LAMTOR1 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR1; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. LAMTOR1 is directly responsible for anchoring the Ragulat [...] (161 aa) |
| | VPS13C | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 13C; Necessary for proper mitochondrial function and maintenance of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Involved in the regulation of PINK1/PRKN-mediated mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization. (3753 aa) |
| | LITAFD | LITAF domain-containing protein; LITAF domain containing; Belongs to the CDIP1/LITAF family. (72 aa) |
| | SPAAR | Small regulatory polypeptide of amino acid response; [Isoform 2]: Negative regulator of amino acid sensing and mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels and amino acids. Negatively regulates mTORC1 activation by inhibiting recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes upon stimulation with amino acids: acts by promoting the formation of a tightly bound supercomplex composed of the lysosomal V- ATPase, Ragulator and Rag GTPases, preventing recruitment of mTORC1. Acts as a regulator of muscle regeneration following injury by regulating mTORC1 act [...] (75 aa) |
| | IFITM2 | Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 2; IFN-induced antiviral protein which inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm, permitting endocytosis, but preventing subsequent viral fusion and release of viral contents into the cytosol. Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Marburg virus (MARV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV), West Nile virus (WNV), human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). Can inhibit: influenza virus hemagglutinin protein-mediated viral entry, MARV and EBO [...] (132 aa) |
| | AP5S1 | AP-5 complex subunit sigma-1; As part of AP-5, a probable fifth adaptor protein complex it may be involved in endosomal transport. According to it is required for efficient homologous recombination DNA double-strand break repair. (200 aa) |
| | VPS11 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 11 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late [...] (941 aa) |
| | NDFIP2 | NEDD4 family-interacting protein 2; Activates HECT domain-containing E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases, including ITCH, NEDD4, NEDD4L, SMURF2, WWP1 and WWP2, and consequently modulates the stability of their targets. As a result, may control many cellular processes. Recruits ITCH, NEDD4 and SMURF2 to endosomal membranes. Negatively regulates KCNH2 potassium channel activity by decreasing its cell-surface expression and interfering with channel maturation through recruitment of NEDD4L to the Golgi apparatus and multivesicular body where it mediates KCNH2 degradation. May modulate EGFR signal [...] (336 aa) |
| | RAB7B | Ras-related protein Rab-7b; Controls vesicular trafficking from endosomes to the trans- Golgi network (TGN). Acts as a negative regulator of TLR9 signaling and can suppress TLR9-triggered TNFA, IL6, and IFNB production in macrophages by promoting TLR9 lysosomal degradation. Also negatively regulates TLR4 signaling in macrophages by promoting lysosomal degradation of TLR4. Promotes megakaryocytic differentiation by increasing NF-kappa-B-dependent IL6 production and subsequently enhancing the association of STAT3 with GATA1. Not involved in the regulation of the EGF- and EGFR degradation [...] (199 aa) |
| | GALNTL5 | Inactive polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like protein 5; Probable inactive glycosyltransferase required during spermatid development. May participate in protein loading into the acrosomes and accumulation of ubiquitin-proteasome systems around the head-tail coupling apparatus region. (443 aa) |
| | ARL8B | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8B; Plays a role in lysosome motility. In neurons, mediates the anterograde axonal long- range transport of presynaptic lysosome-related vesicles required for presynaptic biogenesis and synaptic function (By similarity). May play a role in chromosome segregation. (186 aa) |
| | ANXA8 | Annexin A8. (365 aa) |
| | MR1 | Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein; Antigen-presenting molecule specialized in presenting microbial vitamin B metabolites. Involved in the development and expansion of a small population of T-cells expressing an invariant T- cell receptor alpha chain called mucosal-associated invariant T-cells (MAIT). MAIT lymphocytes are preferentially located in the gut lamina propria and therefore may be involved in monitoring commensal flora or serve as a distress signal. Expression and MAIT cell recognition seem to be ligand-dependent. (341 aa) |
| | CHMP4A | Charged multivesicular body protein 4a; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (265 aa) |
| | RNF103-CHMP3 | RNF103-CHMP3 readthrough. (251 aa) |
| | CHMP2A | Charged multivesicular body protein 2a; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (222 aa) |
| | GOSR2 | Golgi SNAP receptor complex member 2; Involved in transport of proteins from the cis/medial-Golgi to the trans-Golgi network; Belongs to the GOSR2 family. (257 aa) |
| | I3L4J1_HUMAN | Uncharacterized protein; Belongs to the AAA ATPase family. (428 aa) |
| | LITAF | Lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha factor; Plays a role in endosomal protein trafficking and in targeting proteins for lysosomal degradation. Plays a role in targeting endocytosed EGFR and ERGG3 for lysosomal degradation, and thereby helps downregulate downstream signaling cascades. Helps recruit the ESCRT complex components TSG101, HGS and STAM to cytoplasmic membranes. Probably plays a role in regulating protein degradation via its interaction with NEDD4. May also contribute to the regulation of gene expression in the nucleus. Binds DNA (in vitro) and may play a s [...] (161 aa) |
| | CLN3 | Battenin; Involved in microtubule-dependent, anterograde transport of late endosomes and lysosomes. (438 aa) |
| | VTI1B | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1B; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. May be concerned with increased secretion of cytokines associated with cellular senescence; Belongs to the VTI1 family. (232 aa) |
| | CD63 | CD63 antigen; Functions as cell surface receptor for TIMP1 and plays a role in the activation of cellular signaling cascades. Plays a role in the activation of ITGB1 and integrin signaling, leading to the activation of AKT, FAK/PTK2 and MAP kinases. Promotes cell survival, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, spreading and migration, via its role in the activation of AKT and FAK/PTK2. Plays a role in VEGFA signaling via its role in regulating the internalization of KDR/VEGFR2. Plays a role in intracellular vesicular transport processes, and is required for normal tr [...] (238 aa) |
| | STOML1 | Stomatin-like protein 1; May play a role in cholesterol transfer to late endosomes. May play a role in modulating membrane acid-sensing ion channels. Can specifically inhibit proton-gated current of ASIC1 isoform 1. Can increase inactivation speed of ASIC3. May be involved in regulation of proton sensing in dorsal root ganglions (By similarity). May play a role in protecting FBXW7 isoform 3 from degradation ; Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. (398 aa) |
| | E9PSI1_HUMAN | Transmembrane 9 superfamily member; Belongs to the nonaspanin (TM9SF) (TC 9.A.2) family. (815 aa) |
| | CHMP1B | Charged multivesicular body protein 1b; Probable peripherally associated component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the [...] (199 aa) |
| | NTRK1 | High affinity nerve growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic and nervous neurons. High affinity receptor for NGF which is its primary ligand. Can also bind and be activated by NTF3/neurotrophin- 3. However, NTF3 only supports axonal extension through NTRK1 but has no effect on neuron survival (By similarity). Upon dimeric NGF ligand- binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. R [...] (796 aa) |
| | MARCHF1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MARCHF1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination of TFRC, CD86, FAS and MHC class II proteins, such as HLA-DR alpha and beta, and promotes their subsequent endocytosis and sorting to lysosomes via multivesicular bodies. By constitutively ubiquitinating MHC class II proteins in immature dendritic cells, down-regulates their cell surface localization thus sequestering them in the intracellular endosomal system. (289 aa) |
| | LAMTOR3 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR3; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP k [...] (124 aa) |
| | SNF8 | Vacuolar-sorting protein SNF8; Component of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport II (ESCRT-II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex. The ESCRT-II complex may also play a role in transcription regulation by participating in derepression of transcription by RNA polymerase II, possibly via its interaction with [...] (258 aa) |
| | ATP13A3 | ATPase 13A3; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily. (1226 aa) |
| | TICAM2 | TIR domain-containing adapter molecule 2; Functions as sorting adapter in different signaling pathways to facilitate downstream signaling leading to type I interferon induction. In TLR4 signaling, physically bridges TLR4 and TICAM1 and functionally transmits signal to TICAM1 in early endosomes after endocytosis of TLR4. In TLR2 signaling, physically bridges TLR2 and MYD88 and is required for the TLR2-dependent movement of MYD88 to endosomes following ligand engagement. Involved in IL-18 signaling and is proposed to function as a sorting adapter for MYD88 in IL-18 signaling during adapt [...] (235 aa) |
| | OSBPL9 | Oxysterol binding protein like 9; Belongs to the OSBP family. (746 aa) |
| | F6UB75_HUMAN | MHC_II_beta domain-containing protein. (175 aa) |
| | MARCHF8 | Membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8. (573 aa) |
| | LAMP2 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 2; Plays an important role in chaperone-mediated autophagy, a process that mediates lysosomal degradation of proteins in response to various stresses and as part of the normal turnover of proteins with a long biological half-live. Functions by binding target proteins, such as GAPDH and MLLT11, and targeting them for lysosomal degradation. Plays a role in lysosomal protein degradation in response to starvation (By similarity). Required for the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes during autophagy. Cells that lack LAMP2 express normal levels o [...] (411 aa) |
| | PMEL | Melanocyte protein PMEL; Plays a central role in the biogenesis of melanosomes. Involved in the maturation of melanosomes from stage I to II. The transition from stage I melanosomes to stage II melanosomes involves an elongation of the vesicle, and the appearance within of distinct fibrillar structures. Release of the soluble form, ME20-S, could protect tumor cells from antibody mediated immunity. (668 aa) |
| | LAPTM4B | Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4B; Required for optimal lysosomal function. Blocks EGF-stimulated EGFR intraluminal sorting and degradation. Conversely by binding with the phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, regulates its PIP5K1C interaction, inhibits HGS ubiquitination and relieves LAPTM4B inhibition of EGFR degradation. Recruits SLC3A2 and SLC7A5 (the Leu transporter) to the lysosome, promoting entry of leucine and other essential amino acid (EAA) into the lysosome, stimulating activation of proton-transporting vacuolar (V)-ATPase protein pump (V-ATPase) and hence mTOR [...] (317 aa) |
| | HLA-DMB | HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain; Plays a critical role in catalyzing the release of class II- associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) from newly synthesized MHC class II molecules and freeing the peptide binding site for acquisition of antigenic peptides. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. (263 aa) |
| | PLEKHM1 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family M member 1; Proposed to act as a multivalent adapter protein that regulates Rab7-dependent and HOPS complex-dependent fusion events in the endolysosomal system and couples autophagic and the endocytic trafficking pathways. Required for late stages of endolysosomal maturation, facilitating both endocytosis-mediated degradation of growth factor receptors and autophagosome clearance. Seems to be involved in the terminal maturation of autophagosomes and to mediate autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Positively regulates lysosome peripheral distributi [...] (1056 aa) |
| | CYB561A3 | Cytochrome b ascorbate-dependent protein 3; Ferric-chelate reductase that reduces Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) before its transport from the endosome to the cytoplasm. Probably uses ascorbate as electron donor (By similarity). (263 aa) |
| | NSG1 | Neuronal vesicle trafficking-associated protein 1; Plays a role in the recycling mechanism in neurons of multiple receptors, including AMPAR, APP and L1CAM and acts at the level of early endosomes to promote sorting of receptors toward a recycling pathway. Regulates sorting and recycling of GRIA2 through interaction with GRIP1 and then contributes to the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by affecting the recycling and targeting of AMPA receptors to the synapse (By similarity). Is required for faithful sorting of L1CAM to axons by facilitating trafficking from somatoden [...] (185 aa) |
| | PLD3 | 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3; 5'->3' DNA exonuclease which digests single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Regulates inflammatory cytokine responses via the degradation of nucleic acids, by reducing the concentration of ssDNA able to stimulate TLR9, a nucleotide-sensing receptor in collaboration with PLD4 (By similarity). May be important in myotube formation. Plays a role in lysosomal homeostasis. Involved in the regulation of endosomal protein sorting. (490 aa) |
| | ATG9A | Autophagy-related protein 9A; Involved in autophagy and cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) vesicle formation. Plays a key role in the organization of the preautophagosomal structure/phagophore assembly site (PAS), the nucleating site for formation of the sequestering vesicle. Cycles between a juxta-nuclear trans-Golgi network compartment and late endosomes. Nutrient starvation induces accumulation on autophagosomes. Starvation-dependent trafficking requires ULK1, ATG13 and SUPT20H. Belongs to the ATG9 family. (839 aa) |
| | WDR81 | WD repeat-containing protein 81; Functions as a negative regulator of the PI3 kinase/PI3K activity associated with endosomal membranes via BECN1, a core subunit of the PI3K complex. By modifying the phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate/PtdInsP3 content of endosomal membranes may regulate endosome fusion, recycling, sorting and early to late endosome transport. It is for instance, required for the delivery of cargos like BST2/tetherin from early to late endosome and thereby participates indirectly to their degradation by the lysosome. May also play a role in aggrephagy, the macroautophagic [...] (1941 aa) |
| | IFITM3 | Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3; IFN-induced antiviral protein which disrupts intracellular cholesterol homeostasis. Inhibits the entry of viruses to the host cell cytoplasm by preventing viral fusion with cholesterol depleted endosomes. May inactivate new enveloped viruses which buds out of the infected cell, by letting them go out with a cholesterol depleted membrane. Active against multiple viruses, including influenza A virus, SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Marburg virus (MARV) and Ebola virus (EBOV), Dengue virus (DNV), West Nile virus (WNV), human immunodeficiency virus [...] (133 aa) |
| | CDIP1 | Cell death-inducing p53-target protein 1; Acts as an important p53/TP53-apoptotic effector. Regulates TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Belongs to the CDIP1/LITAF family. (208 aa) |
| | PIP4P1 | Type 1 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P). Does not hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, inositol 3,5-bisphosphate, inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5- monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate. Regulates lysosomal positioning by recruiting JIP4 to lysosomal membranes, thus inducing retrograde transport of lysosomes alon [...] (284 aa) |
| | CHMP1A | Charged multivesicular body protein 1a; Probable peripherally associated component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the [...] (196 aa) |
| | CHMP7 | Charged multivesicular body protein 7; ESCRT-III-like protein required to recruit the ESCRT-III complex to the nuclear envelope during late anaphase. Together with SPAST, the ESCRT-III complex promotes nuclear envelope sealing and mitotic spindle disassembly during late anaphase. Plays a role in the endosomal sorting pathway. (453 aa) |
| | SLC38A9 | Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 9; Lysosomal amino acid transporter involved in the activation of mTORC1 in response to amino acid levels. Probably acts as an amino acid sensor of the Rag GTPases and Ragulator complexes, 2 complexes involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Following activation by amino acids, the Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. SLC38A9 mediates transport of a [...] (561 aa) |
| | TMEM106B | Transmembrane protein 106B; Involved in dendrite morphogenesis and maintenance by regulating lysosomal trafficking via its interaction with MAP6. May act by inhibiting retrograde transport of lysosomes along dendrites. Required for dendrite branching. (274 aa) |
| | SNX16 | Sorting nexin-16; May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking. Plays a role in protein transport from early to late endosomes. Plays a role in protein transport to the lysosome. Promotes degradation of EGFR after EGF signaling. Plays a role in intracellular transport of vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids from the endosome to the cytoplasm; Belongs to the sorting nexin family. (344 aa) |
| | RAB27A | Ras-related protein Rab-27A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion. Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. (221 aa) |
| | HLA-DRA | HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain; Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for pre [...] (254 aa) |
| | SLC11A2 | Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2; Important in metal transport, in particular iron. Can also transport manganese, cobalt, cadmium, nickel, vanadium and lead. Involved in apical iron uptake into duodenal enterocytes. Involved in iron transport from acidified endosomes into the cytoplasm of erythroid precursor cells. May play an important role in hepatic iron accumulation and tissue iron distribution. May serve to import iron into the mitochondria. Belongs to the NRAMP family. (590 aa) |
| | VTI1A | Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs homolog 1A; V-SNARE that mediates vesicle transport pathways through interactions with t-SNAREs on the target membrane. These interactions are proposed to mediate aspects of the specificity of vesicle trafficking and to promote fusion of the lipid bilayers. Involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. Along with VAMP7, involved in an non-conventional RAB1-dependent traffic route to the cell surface used by KCNIP1 and KCND2. May be involved in increased cytokine secretion associated with cellular [...] (217 aa) |
| | ABCA5 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 5; May play a role in the processing of autolysosomes. Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCA family. (1642 aa) |
| | TMEM165 | Transmembrane protein 165; May function as a calcium/proton transporter involved in calcium and in lysosomal pH homeostasis. Therefore, it may play an indirect role in protein glycosylation. (324 aa) |
| | SLC39A14 | Zinc transporter ZIP14; Broad-scope metal ion transporter with a preference for zinc uptake. Also mediates cellular uptake of nontransferrin-bound iron. (492 aa) |
| | CLCN4 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4; Proton-coupled chloride transporter. Functions as antiport system and exchanges chloride ions against protons. Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 4/CLCN4 subfamily. (760 aa) |
| | VPS16 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 16 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late [...] (839 aa) |
| | VPS36 | Vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36; Component of the ESCRT-II complex (endosomal sorting complex required for transport II), which is required for multivesicular body (MVB) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. The MVB pathway mediates delivery of transmembrane proteins into the lumen of the lysosome for degradation. The ESCRT-II complex is probably involved in the recruitment of the ESCRT-III complex. Its ability to bind ubiquitin probably plays a role in endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated cargo proteins by ESCRT complexes. The ESCRT-II complex may a [...] (386 aa) |
| | VPS28 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. (233 aa) |
| | HLA-DRB5 | HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 5 chain; Binds peptides derived from antigens that access the endocytic route of antigen presenting cells (APC) and presents them on the cell surface for recognition by the CD4 T-cells. The peptide binding cleft accommodates peptides of 10-30 residues. The peptides presented by MHC class II molecules are generated mostly by degradation of proteins that access the endocytic route, where they are processed by lysosomal proteases and other hydrolases. Exogenous antigens that have been endocytosed by the APC are thus readily available for pr [...] (266 aa) |
| | HLA-DMA | HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain; Plays a critical role in catalyzing the release of class II- associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) from newly synthesized MHC class II molecules and freeing the peptide binding site for acquisition of antigenic peptides. In B-cells, the interaction between HLA-DM and MHC class II molecules is regulated by HLA-DO. (261 aa) |
| | TSPAN15 | Tetraspanin-15; Regulates maturation and trafficking of the transmembrane metalloprotease ADAM10. Promotes ADAM10-mediated cleavage of CDH2 (By similarity). Negatively regulates ligand-induced Notch activity probably by regulating ADAM10 activity ; Belongs to the tetraspanin (TM4SF) family. (294 aa) |
| | SLC29A3 | Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 3; Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). Mediates transport of adenine, adenosine and uridine, as well as several nucleoside analog drugs, such as anticancer and antiviral agents, including cladribine, cordycepin, tubercidin and AZT. Does not transport hypoxanthine. (475 aa) |
| | MCOLN2 | Mucolipin-2; Nonselective cation channel probably playing a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events. Acts as Ca(2+)-permeable cation channel with inwardly rectifying activity. May activate ARF6 and be involved in the trafficking of GPI-anchored cargo proteins to the cell surface via the ARF6- regulated recycling pathway. May play a role in immune processes. In adaptive immunity, TRPML2 and TRPML1 may play redundant roles in the function of the specialized lysosomes of B cells (By similarity). In the innate immune response, may play a role in the regulation of chemokine se [...] (566 aa) |
| | MCOLN3 | Mucolipin-3; Nonselective ligand-gated cation channel probably playing a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events. Acts as Ca(2+)- permeable cation channel with inwardly rectifying activity. Mediates release of Ca(2+) from endosomes to the cytoplasm, contributes to endosomal acidification and is involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking and fusion in the endosomal pathway. Does not seem to act as mechanosensory transduction channel in inner ear sensory hair cells. Proposed to play a critical role at the cochlear stereocilia ankle-link region during hair-bundle gro [...] (553 aa) |
| | KIAA1324 | UPF0577 protein KIAA1324; May protect cells from cell death by inducing cytosolic vacuolization and upregulating the autophagy pathway. (1013 aa) |
| | ADAM30 | Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 30; Plays a role in lysosomal amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by cleaving and activating CTSD/cathepsin D which leads to APP degradation. (790 aa) |
| | LAMTOR2 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR2; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP k [...] (125 aa) |
| | TMEM9 | Transmembrane protein 9; May be involved in intracellular transport. (186 aa) |
| | MVB12B | Multivesicular body subunit 12B; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. (319 aa) |
| | HLA-DRB1 | HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain; A beta chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule. In complex with the alpha chain HLA- DRA, displays antigenic peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DRB1-restricted CD4-positive T cells. This guides antigen-specific T helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells. Typically presents extracellula [...] (266 aa) |
| | GIMAP5 | GTPase IMAP family member 5; Plays a role in T lymphocyte development and the optimal generation of CD4/CD8 double-positive thymocytes (By similarity). Inhibitor of GSK3A, possibly by sequestering GSK3A in cytoplasmic vesicles and impairing its translocation to the nucleus. Consequently, impairs GSK3A-dependent transcriptional program and regulation of the DNA damage response occurring during T cells proliferation. Required for the survival of peripheral T cells, natural killer (NK) and NK T-cell development and the maintenance of normal liver function (By similarity). May promote the [...] (307 aa) |
| | ANXA6 | Annexin A6; May associate with CD21. May regulate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores; Belongs to the annexin family. (673 aa) |
| | WDR91 | WD repeat-containing protein 91; Functions as a negative regulator of the PI3 kinase/PI3K activity associated with endosomal membranes via BECN1, a core subunit of the PI3K complex. By modifying the phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate/PtdInsP3 content of endosomal membranes may regulate endosome fusion, recycling, sorting and early to late endosome transport. It is for instance, required for the delivery of cargos like BST2/tetherin from early to late endosome and thereby participates indirectly to their degradation by the lysosome. May play a role in meiosis (By similarity). Belongs to [...] (747 aa) |
| | ANXA2 | Annexin A2; Calcium-regulated membrane-binding protein whose affinity for calcium is greatly enhanced by anionic phospholipids. It binds two calcium ions with high affinity. May be involved in heat-stress response. Inhibits PCSK9-enhanced LDLR degradation, probably reduces PCSK9 protein levels via a translational mechanism but also competes with LDLR for binding with PCSK9 ; Belongs to the annexin family. (357 aa) |
| | LAMTOR4 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR4, N-terminally processed; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated; Belongs to the LAMTOR4 family. (99 aa) |
| | PLD1 | Phospholipase D1; Implicated as a critical step in numerous cellular pathways, including signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and the regulation of mitosis. May be involved in the regulation of perinuclear intravesicular membrane traffic (By similarity). (1074 aa) |
| | RNF13 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RNF13; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may play a role in controlling cell proliferation. Involved in apoptosis regulation. Mediates ER stress-induced activation of JNK signaling pathway and apoptosis by promoting ERN1 activation and splicing of XBP1 mRNA. (381 aa) |
| | ATP13A4 | ATPase 13A4. (1196 aa) |
| | STARD3 | StAR-related lipid transfer protein 3; Sterol-binding protein that mediates cholesterol transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to endosomes. Creates contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum and late endosomes: localizes to late endosome membranes and contacts the endoplasmic reticulum via interaction with VAPA and VAPB. Acts as a lipid transfer protein that redirects sterol to the endosome at the expense of the cell membrane and favors membrane formation inside endosomes. May also mediate cholesterol transport between other membranes, such as mitochondria membrane or cell membr [...] (445 aa) |
| | VPS39 | Vam6/Vps39-like protein; Regulator of TGF-beta/activin signaling, inhibiting SMAD3- and activating SMAD2-dependent transcription. Acts by interfering with SMAD3/SMAD4 complex formation, this would lead to inhibition of SMAD3-dependent transcription and relieve SMAD3 inhibition of SMAD2-dependent promoters, thus increasing SMAD2- dependent transcription. Does not affect TGF-beta-induced SMAD2 or SMAD3 phosphorylation, nor SMAD2/SMAD4 complex formation. (886 aa) |
| | LAMP1 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1; Presents carbohydrate ligands to selectins. Also implicated in tumor cell metastasis. (417 aa) |
| | HGS | Hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate; Involved in intracellular signal transduction mediated by cytokines and growth factors. When associated with STAM, it suppresses DNA signaling upon stimulation by IL-2 and GM-CSF. Could be a direct effector of PI3-kinase in vesicular pathway via early endosomes and may regulate trafficking to early and late endosomes by recruiting clathrin. May concentrate ubiquitinated receptors within clathrin- coated regions. Involved in down-regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase via multivesicular body (MVBs) when complexed with STAM (E [...] (777 aa) |
| | VPS33B | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33B; May play a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments and in membrane docking/fusion reactions of late endosomes/lysosomes. Mediates phagolysosomal fusion in macrophages. Proposed to be involved in endosomal maturation implicating VIPAS39. In epithelial cells, the VPS33B:VIPAS39 complex may play a role in the apical recycling pathway and in the maintenance of the apical-basolateral polarity. Seems to be involved in the sorting of specific cargos from the trans-Golgi network to alpha-granule-destined multivesic [...] (617 aa) |
| | ATP13A2 | Cation-transporting ATPase 13A2; ATPase that plays a role in intracellular cation homeostasis and the maintenance of neuronal integrity. Required for a proper lysosomal and mitochondrial maintenance. Regulates the autophagy-lysosome pathway through the control of SYT11 expression at both transcriptional and post- translational levels. Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type V subfamily. (1180 aa) |
| | MVB12A | Multivesicular body subunit 12A; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in the ligand-mediated internalization and down-regulation of EGF receptor. (273 aa) |
| | BAIAP3 | BAI1-associated protein 3; Functions in endosome to Golgi retrograde transport. In response to calcium influx, may interact with SNARE fusion receptors and membrane phospholipids to mediate endosome fusion with the trans- Golgi network. By promoting the recycling of secretory vesicle transmembrane proteins, it indirectly controls dense-core secretory vesicle biogenesis, maturation and their ability to mediate the constitutive and regulated secretion of neurotransmitters and hormones. May regulate behavior and food intake by controlling calcium-stimulated exocytosis of neurotransmitters [...] (1187 aa) |
| | CD300LG | CMRF35-like molecule 9; Receptor which may mediate L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte rollings. Binds SELL in a calcium dependent manner. Binds lymphocyte (By similarity). (332 aa) |
| | VPS37D | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation; Belongs to the VPS37 family. (251 aa) |
| | SLC9A9 | Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9; May act in electroneutral exchange of protons for Na(+) across membranes. Involved in the effusion of Golgi luminal H(+) in exchange for cytosolic cations. Involved in organelle ion homeostasis by contributing to the maintenance of the unique acidic pH values of the Golgi and post-Golgi compartments in the cell. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (645 aa) |
| | VPS37A | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation. (397 aa) |
| | CHMP6 | Charged multivesicular body protein 6; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential function [...] (201 aa) |
| | ATP10B | Probable phospholipid-transporting ATPase VB; Catalytic component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phospholipid translocation seems also to be implicated in vesicle formation and in uptake of lipid signaling molecules (Probable); Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IV subfamily. (1461 aa) |
| | SNX14 | Sorting nexin-14; Plays a role in maintaining normal neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. May be involved in several stages of intracellular trafficking (By similarity). Required for autophagosome clearance, possibly by mediating the fusion of lysosomes with autophagosomes (Probable). Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2), a key component of late endosomes/lysosomes. Does not bind phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3P)). (946 aa) |
| | VPS41 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act in part as a core component of the putative HOPS endosomal tethering complex is proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late endosomal me [...] (854 aa) |
| | NSG2 | Neuronal vesicle trafficking associated 2. (171 aa) |
| | STX8 | Syntaxin-8; Vesicle trafficking protein that functions in the early secretory pathway, possibly by mediating retrograde transport from cis- Golgi membranes to the ER; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (236 aa) |
| | VPS37C | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation. (355 aa) |
| | ABCA3 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 3; Plays an important role in the formation of pulmonary surfactant, probably by transporting lipids such as cholesterol; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCA family. (1704 aa) |
| | RILP | Rab-interacting lysosomal protein; Rab effector playing a role in late endocytic transport to degradative compartments. Involved in the regulation of lysosomal morphology and distribution. Induces recruitment of dynein-dynactin motor complexes to Rab7A-containing late endosome and lysosome compartments. Promotes centripetal migration of phagosomes and the fusion of phagosomes with the late endosomes and lysosomes. (401 aa) |
| | UBXN6 | UBX domain-containing protein 6; May negatively regulate the ATPase activity of VCP, an ATP- driven segregase that associates with different cofactors to control a wide variety of cellular processes. As a cofactor of VCP, it may play a role in the transport of CAV1 to lysosomes for degradation. It may also play a role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) of misfolded proteins. Together with VCP and other cofactors, it may play a role in macroautophagy, regulating for instance the clearance of damaged lysosomes. (441 aa) |
| | CHMP4C | Charged multivesicular body protein 4c; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (233 aa) |
| | OSBPL11 | Oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 11; Plays a role in regulating ADIPOQ and FABP4 levels in differentiating adipocytes and is also involved in regulation of adipocyte triglyceride storage. Weakly binds 25- hydroxycholesterol ; Belongs to the OSBP family. (747 aa) |
| | ABHD6 | Monoacylglycerol lipase ABHD6; Lipase that preferentially hydrolysis medium-chain saturated monoacylglycerols including 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Through 2-arachidonoylglycerol degradation may regulate endocannabinoid signaling pathways (By similarity). Also has a lysophosphatidyl lipase activity with a preference for lysophosphatidylglycerol among other lysophospholipids (By similarity). Also able to degrade bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (BMP) and constitutes the major enzyme for BMP catabolism. BMP, also known as lysobisphosphatidic acid, is enriched in late endosomes and lysosomes and [...] (337 aa) |
| | TPCN2 | Two pore calcium channel protein 2; Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptor that may function as one of the major voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) across the lysosomal membrane. May be involved in smooth muscle contraction; Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. Two pore calcium channel subfamily. (752 aa) |
| | MITD1 | MIT domain-containing protein 1; Required for efficient abscission at the end of cytokinesis, together with components of the ESCRT-III complex. (249 aa) |
| | PIP4P2 | Type 2 phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 4-phosphatase; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5- bisphosphate (PtdIns-4,5-P2) to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PtdIns-4-P). Does not hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate, inositol 3,5-bisphosphate, inositol 3,4-bisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 5- monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 4-monophosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate. Negatively regulates the phagocytosis of large particles by reducing phagosomal phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate accumulat [...] (257 aa) |
| | STARD3NL | STARD3 N-terminal-like protein; Tethering protein that creates contact site between the endoplasmic reticulum and late endosomes: localizes to late endosome membranes and contacts the endoplasmic reticulum via interaction with VAPA and VAPB ; Belongs to the STARD3 family. (234 aa) |
| | RHOB | Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB; Mediates apoptosis in neoplastically transformed cells after DNA damage. Not essential for development but affects cell adhesion and growth factor signaling in transformed cells. Plays a negative role in tumorigenesis as deletion causes tumor formation. Involved in intracellular protein trafficking of a number of proteins. Targets PKN1 to endosomes and is involved in trafficking of the EGF receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes. Also required for stability and nuclear trafficking of AKT1/AKT which promotes endothelial cell survival during vascul [...] (196 aa) |
| | ARL8A | ADP-ribosylation factor-like protein 8A; Plays a role in lysosome motility (By similarity). In neurons, mediates the anterograde axonal long-range transport of presynaptic lysosome-related vesicles required for presynaptic biogenesis and synaptic function (By similarity). May play a role in chromosome segregation (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Arf family. (186 aa) |
| | NPC1 | NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1; Intracellular cholesterol transporter which acts in concert with NPC2 and plays an important role in the egress of cholesterol from the endosomal/lysosomal compartment. Unesterified cholesterol that has been released from LDLs in the lumen of the late endosomes/lysosomes is transferred by NPC2 to the cholesterol-binding pocket in the N-terminal domain of NPC1. Cholesterol binds to NPC1 with the hydroxyl group buried in the binding pocket. Binds oxysterol with higher affinity than cholesterol. May play a role in vesicular trafficking in glia, [...] (1278 aa) |
| | RMC1 | Regulator of MON1-CCZ1 complex; Componement of the CCZ1-MON1 RAB7A guanine exchange factor (GEF). Acts as a positive regulator of CCZ1-MON1A/B function necessary for endosomal/autophagic flux and efficient RAB7A localization. (657 aa) |
| | VPS37B | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation. (285 aa) |
| | VPS33A | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 33A; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late endosom [...] (596 aa) |
| | LAMP3 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 3; May play a role in dendritic cell function and in adaptive immunity. (416 aa) |
| | ABCB6 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 6, mitochondrial; Binds heme and porphyrins and functions in their ATP- dependent uptake into the mitochondria. Plays a crucial role in heme synthesis; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCB family. Heavy Metal importer (TC 3.A.1.210) subfamily. (842 aa) |
| | RAB7A | Ras-related protein Rab-7a; Key regulator in endo-lysosomal trafficking. Governs early- to-late endosomal maturation, microtubule minus-end as well as plus-end directed endosomal migration and positioning, and endosome-lysosome transport through different protein-protein interaction cascades. Plays a central role, not only in endosomal traffic, but also in many other cellular and physiological events, such as growth-factor-mediated cell signaling, nutrient-transportor mediated nutrient uptake, neurotrophin transport in the axons of neurons and lipid metabolism. Also involved in regulat [...] (207 aa) |
| | SCARB2 | Lysosome membrane protein 2; Acts as a lysosomal receptor for glucosylceramidase (GBA) targeting. (478 aa) |
| | PIKFYVE | 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate 5-kinase; The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). Catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate on the fifth hydroxyl of the myo-inositol ring, to form phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate. Required for endocytic-vacuolar pathway and nuclear migration. Plays a role in the biogenesis of endosome carrier vesicles (ECV)/ multivesicular bodies (MVB) transport intermediates from early endosomes. (2098 aa) |
| | MCOLN1 | Mucolipin-1; Nonselective cation channel probably playing a role in the regulation of membrane trafficking events and of metal homeostasis. Proposed to play a major role in Ca(2+) release from late endosome and lysosome vesicles to the cytoplasm, which is important for many lysosome-dependent cellular events, including the fusion and trafficking of these organelles, exocytosis and autophagy. Required for efficient uptake of large particles in macrophages in which Ca(2+) release from the lysosomes triggers lysosomal exocytosis. May also play a role in phagosome-lysosome fusion (By simil [...] (580 aa) |
| | VAMP8 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. VAMP8 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane via its interaction with the STX17-SNAP29 binary t- SNARE complex. Also required for dense-granule secretion in platelets. Plays als [...] (100 aa) |
| | CHMP3 | Charged multivesicular body protein 3; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential function [...] (222 aa) |
| | CHMP2B | Charged multivesicular body protein 2b; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (213 aa) |
| | MREG | Melanoregulin; Probably functions as cargo-recognition protein that couples cytoplasmic vesicles to the transport machinery. Plays a role in hair pigmentation, a process that involves shedding of melanosome-containing vesicles from melanocytes, followed by phagocytosis of the melanosome- containing vesicles by keratinocytes. Functions on melanosomes as receptor for RILP and the complex formed by RILP and DCTN1, and thereby contributes to retrograde melanosome transport from the cell periphery to the center. Overexpression causes accumulation of late endosomes and/or lysosomes at the mi [...] (214 aa) |
| | VAMP7 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane during transport of proteins from the early endosome to the lysosome. Required for heterotypic fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes and homotypic lysosomal fusion. Required for calcium regulated lysosomal exocytosis. Involved in the export of chylomicrons from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cis Golgi. Required for exocytosis of mediators during eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation, and target cell killing by natural killer cells. Required for focal exocy [...] (260 aa) |
| | SLC1A1 | Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorptio [...] (524 aa) |
| | RAB27B | Ras-related protein Rab-27B; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion. Plays a role in NTRK2/TRKB axonal anterograde transport by facilitating the association of NTRK2/TRKB with KLC1. May be involved in targeting uroplakins to urothelial apical membranes (By similarity). (218 aa) |
| | MMD | Monocyte to macrophage differentiation factor; Involved in the dynamics of lysosomal membranes associated with microglial activation following brain lesion. (238 aa) |
| | SLC30A4 | Zinc transporter 4; Probably involved in zinc transport out of the cytoplasm, maybe by sequestration into an intracellular compartment; Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily. (429 aa) |
| | SPPL2A | Signal peptide peptidase-like 2A; Intramembrane-cleaving aspartic protease (I-CLiP) that cleaves type II membrane signal peptides in the hydrophobic plane of the membrane. Functions in FASLG, ITM2B and TNF processing. Catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of the anchored fragment of shed TNF-alpha (TNF), which promotes the release of the intracellular domain (ICD) for signaling to the nucleus. Also responsible for the intramembrane cleavage of Fas antigen ligand FASLG, which promotes the release of the intracellular FasL domain (FasL ICD). May play a role in the regulation of innate and [...] (520 aa) |
| | VAC14 | Protein VAC14 homolog; The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). Acts as a positive activator of PIKfyve kinase activity. Also required to maintain normal levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P) and phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PtdIns(5)P). Plays a role in the biogenesis of endosome carrier vesicles (ECV) / multivesicular bodies (MVB) transport intermediates from early endosomes. (782 aa) |
| | AP5M1 | AP-5 complex subunit mu-1; As part of AP-5, a probable fifth adaptor protein complex it may be involved in endosomal transport. According to it may play a role in cell death. (490 aa) |
| | CLCN3 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3; Mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the endosome and synaptic vesicle lumen, and may thereby affect vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. May play an important role in neuronal cell function through regulation of membrane excitability by protein kinase C. It could help neuronal cells to establish short-term memory. (866 aa) |
| | SORL1 | Sortilin-related receptor; Sorting receptor that directs several proteins to their correct location within the cell (Probable). Along with AP-1 complex, involved Golgi apparatus - endosome sorting. Sorting receptor for APP, regulating its intracellular trafficking and processing into amyloidogenic-beta peptides. Retains APP in the trans- Golgi network, hence preventing its transit through late endosomes where amyloid beta peptides Abeta40 and Abeta42 are generated. May also sort newly produced amyloid-beta peptides to lysosomes for catabolism. Does not affect APP trafficking from the e [...] (2214 aa) |
| | LAMTOR5 | Ragulator complex protein LAMTOR5; As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V- ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. When complexed to BIRC5, interferes with apoptosome assem [...] (173 aa) |
| | VPS4A | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A; Involved in late steps of the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. Recognizes membrane-associated ESCRT-III assemblies and catalyzes their disassembly, possibly in combination with membrane fission. Redistributes the ESCRT-III components to the cytoplasm for further rounds of MVB sorting. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth fact [...] (437 aa) |
| | YIPF2 | Protein YIPF2; Yip1 domain family member 2. (316 aa) |
| | TSG101 | Tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein; Component of the ESCRT-I complex, a regulator of vesicular trafficking process. Binds to ubiquitinated cargo proteins and is required for the sorting of endocytic ubiquitinated cargos into multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Mediates the association between the ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-I complex. Required for completion of cytokinesis; the function requires CEP55. May be involved in cell growth and differentiation. Acts as a negative growth regulator. Involved in the budding of many viruses through an interaction with viral proteins that contain a late-budding [...] (390 aa) |
| | CD68 | Macrosialin; Could play a role in phagocytic activities of tissue macrophages, both in intracellular lysosomal metabolism and extracellular cell-cell and cell-pathogen interactions. Binds to tissue- and organ-specific lectins or selectins, allowing homing of macrophage subsets to particular sites. Rapid recirculation of CD68 from endosomes and lysosomes to the plasma membrane may allow macrophages to crawl over selectin-bearing substrates or other cells. (354 aa) |
| | LAMP5 | Lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 5; Plays a role in short-term synaptic plasticity in a subset of GABAergic neurons in the brain. (280 aa) |
| | VPS4B | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B; Involved in late steps of the endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVB) pathway. Recognizes membrane-associated ESCRT-III assemblies and catalyzes their disassembly, possibly in combination with membrane fission. Redistributes the ESCRT-III components to the cytoplasm for further rounds of MVB sorting. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth fact [...] (444 aa) |
| | TMEM59 | Transmembrane protein 59; Acts as a regulator of autophagy in response to S.aureus infection by promoting activation of LC3 (MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B or MAP1LC3C). Acts by interacting with ATG16L1, leading to promote a functional complex between LC3 and ATG16L1 and promoting LC3 lipidation and subsequent activation of autophagy. Modulates the O-glycosylation and complex N- glycosylation steps occurring during the Golgi maturation of several proteins such as APP, BACE1, SEAP or PRNP. Inhibits APP transport to the cell surface and further shedding ; Belongs to the TMEM59 family. (323 aa) |
| | CLCN6 | Chloride transport protein 6; Chloride transport protein, initially identified as voltage- gated chloride channel. The presence of the conserved gating glutamate residues suggests that is functions as antiporter; Belongs to the chloride channel (TC 2.A.49) family. ClC- 6/CLCN6 subfamily. (869 aa) |
| | SLC30A3 | Zinc transporter 3; Involved in accumulation of zinc in synaptic vesicles. (388 aa) |
| | SLC11A1 | Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1; Divalent transition metal (iron and manganese) transporter involved in iron metabolism and host resistance to certain pathogens. Macrophage-specific membrane transport function. Controls natural resistance to infection with intracellular parasites. Pathogen resistance involves sequestration of Fe(2+) and Mn(2+), cofactors of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic catalases and superoxide dismutases, not only to protect the macrophage against its own generation of reactive oxygen species, but to deny the cations to the pathogen for synthesis [...] (550 aa) |
| | TMEM30A | Cell cycle control protein 50A; Accessory component of a P4-ATPase flippase complex which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled to the transport of aminophospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of various membranes and ensures the maintenance of asymmetric distribution of phospholipids. Phospholipid translocation seems also to be implicated in vesicle formation and in uptake of lipid signaling molecules. The beta subunit may assist in binding of the phospholipid substrate. Required for the proper folding, assembly and ER to Golgi exit of the ATP8A2:TMEM30A flippase complex. [...] (361 aa) |
| | FIG4 | Polyphosphoinositide phosphatase; The PI(3,5)P2 regulatory complex regulates both the synthesis and turnover of phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2). In vitro, hydrolyzes all three D5-phosphorylated polyphosphoinositide substrates in the order PtdIns(4,5)P2 > PtdIns(3,5)P2 > PtdIns(3,4,5)P3. Plays a role in the biogenesis of endosome carrier vesicles (ECV) / multivesicular bodies (MVB) transport intermediates from early endosomes. (907 aa) |
| | CHMP5 | Charged multivesicular body protein 5; Probable peripherally associated component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the [...] (219 aa) |
| | VPS18 | Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 18 homolog; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated protein trafficking to lysosomal compartments including the endocytic membrane transport and autophagic pathways. Believed to act as a core component of the putative HOPS and CORVET endosomal tethering complexes which are proposed to be involved in the Rab5-to-Rab7 endosome conversion probably implicating MON1A/B, and via binding SNAREs and SNARE complexes to mediate tethering and docking events during SNARE-mediated membrane fusion. The HOPS complex is proposed to be recruited to Rab7 on the late [...] (973 aa) |
| | CHMP4B | Charged multivesicular body protein 4b; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (224 aa) |
| | MICALL1 | MICAL-like protein 1; Probable lipid-binding protein with higher affinity for phosphatidic acid, a lipid enriched in recycling endosome membranes. On endosome membranes, may act as a downstream effector of Rab proteins recruiting cytosolic proteins to regulate membrane tubulation. May be involved in a late step of receptor-mediated endocytosis regulating for instance endocytosed-EGF receptor trafficking. Alternatively, may regulate slow endocytic recycling of endocytosed proteins back to the plasma membrane. May indirectly play a role in neurite outgrowth. (863 aa) |
| | LAPTM4A | Lysosomal-associated transmembrane protein 4A; May function in the transport of nucleosides and/or nucleoside derivatives between the cytosol and the lumen of an intracellular membrane-bound compartment. (233 aa) |
| | YIPF1 | Protein YIPF1; Yip1 domain family member 1; Belongs to the YIP1 family. (306 aa) |
