STRINGSTRING
APLN APLN NGFR NGFR SULF1 SULF1 THBS1 THBS1 GPC1 GPC1 FGF2 FGF2 WNT5A WNT5A PRDM14 PRDM14 WNT4 WNT4 NPTN NPTN HHIP HHIP SPRY3 SPRY3 SHISA2 SHISA2 FUZ FUZ FAM20C FAM20C NOG NOG FGFBP3 FGFBP3 SPRY4 SPRY4 SMOC2 SMOC2 SULF2 SULF2 DSTYK DSTYK RUNX2 RUNX2 SPRY2 SPRY2 GATA3 GATA3 FGFBP1 FGFBP1 NRXN1 NRXN1 PRKD2 PRKD2 LRIT3 LRIT3 SPRY1 SPRY1 CREB3L1 CREB3L1 CTNNB1 CTNNB1 OTX2 OTX2
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
APLNApelin-13; Endogenous ligand for the apelin receptor (APLNR). Drives internalization of the apelin receptor (By similarity). Apelin-36 dissociates more hardly than (pyroglu)apelin-13 from APLNR (By similarity). Hormone involved in the regulation of cardiac precursor cell movements during gastrulation and heart morphogenesis (By similarity). Has an inhibitory effect on cytokine production in response to T-cell receptor/CD3 cross-linking; the oral intake of apelin in the colostrum and the milk might therefore modulate immune responses in neonates (By similarity). Plays a role in early co [...] (77 aa)
NGFRTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16; Low affinity receptor which can bind to NGF, BDNF, NTF3, and NTF4. Forms a heterodimeric receptor with SORCS2 that binds the precursor forms of NGF, BDNF and NTF3 with high affinity, and has much lower affinity for mature NGF and BDNF. Plays an important role in differentiation and survival of specific neuronal populations during development (By similarity). Can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells. Plays a role in the inactivation of RHOA. Plays a role in the regulation of the translocation of GLUT4 to the ce [...] (427 aa)
SULF1Extracellular sulfatase Sulf-1; Exhibits arylsulfatase activity and highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity. It can remove sulfate from the C- 6 position of glucosamine within specific subregions of intact heparin. Diminishes HSPG (heparan sulfate proteoglycans) sulfation, inhibits signaling by heparin-dependent growth factors, diminishes proliferation, and facilitates apoptosis in response to exogenous stimulation. (871 aa)
THBS1Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp (By similarity). Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties. Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors (By similarity). (1170 aa)
GPC1Secreted glypican-1; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Binds, via the heparan sulfate side chains, alpha-4 (V) collagen and participates in Schwann cell myelination (By similarity). May act as a catalyst in increasing the rate of conversion of prion protein PRPN(C) to PRNP(Sc) via associating (via the heparan sulfate side chains) with both forms of PRPN, targeting them to lipid rafts and facilitating their interaction. Required for proper skeletal muscle differentiation by sequestering FGF2 in lipid rafts preventing its binding to receptors (FGFRs) and inhibiting th [...] (558 aa)
FGF2Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis. (288 aa)
WNT5AProtein Wnt-5a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors. Can activate or inhibit canonical Wnt signaling, depending on receptor context. In the presence of FZD4, activates beta-catenin signaling. In the presence of ROR2, inhibits the canonical Wnt pathway by promoting beta-catenin degradation through a GSK3-independent pathway which involves down-regulation of beta- catenin-induced reporter gene expression (By similarity). Suppression of the canonical pathway allows chondrogenesis to occur and inhibits tumor formation. Stimulates cell migration. Decre [...] (380 aa)
PRDM14PR domain zinc finger protein 14; Transcription factor that has both positive and negative roles on transcription. Required for the maintenance of embryonic stem cell identity and the reacquisition of pluripotency in somatic cells. May play an essential role in germ cell development at 2 levels: the reacquisition of potential pluripotency, including SOX2 up-regulation, and successful epigenetic reprogramming, characterized by EHMT1 repression. Its association with CBFA2T2 is required for the functions in pluripotency and germ cell formation (By similarity). Directly up- regulates the e [...] (571 aa)
WNT4Protein Wnt-4; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Plays an important role in the embryonic development of the urogenital tract and the lung. Required for normal mesenchyme to epithelium transition during embryonic kidney development. Required for the formation of early epithelial renal vesicles during kidney development (By similarity). Required for normal formation of the Mullerian duct in females, and normal levels of oocytes in the ovaries. Required for normal down-regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the ovary. Req [...] (351 aa)
NPTNNeuroplastin; Probable homophilic and heterophilic cell adhesion molecule involved in long term potentiation at hippocampal excitatory synapses through activation of p38MAPK. May also regulate neurite outgrowth by activating the FGFR1 signaling pathway. May play a role in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). (398 aa)
HHIPHedgehog-interacting protein; Modulates hedgehog signaling in several cell types including brain and lung through direct interaction with members of the hedgehog family; Belongs to the HHIP family. (700 aa)
SPRY3Protein sprouty homolog 3; May function as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways and may negatively modulate respiratory organogenesis; Belongs to the sprouty family. (288 aa)
SHISA2Protein shisa-2 homolog; Plays an essential role in the maturation of presomitic mesoderm cells by individual attenuation of both FGF and WNT signaling. Belongs to the shisa family. (295 aa)
FUZProtein fuzzy homolog; Probable planar cell polarity effector involved in cilium biogenesis. May regulate protein and membrane transport to the cilium. Proposed to function as core component of the CPLANE (ciliogenesis and planar polarity effectors) complex involved in the recruitment of peripheral IFT-A proteins to basal bodies. May regulate the morphogenesis of hair follicles which depends on functional primary cilia (By similarity). (418 aa)
FAM20CExtracellular serine/threonine protein kinase FAM20C; Golgi serine/threonine protein kinase that phosphorylates secretory pathway proteins within Ser-x-Glu/pSer motifs and plays a key role in biomineralization of bones and teeth. Constitutes the main protein kinase for extracellular proteins, generating the majority of the extracellular phosphoproteome. Mainly phosphorylates proteins within the Ser-x-Glu/pSer motif, but also displays a broader substrate specificity. Phosphorylates casein as well as a number of proteins involved in biomineralization such as AMELX, AMTN, ENAM and SPP1. I [...] (584 aa)
NOGNoggin; Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite. Essential for cartilage morphogenesis and joint formation. Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation through its interaction with GDF5 and, probably, GDF6. (232 aa)
FGFBP3Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 3; Heparin-binding protein which binds to FGF2, prevents binding of FGF2 to heparin and probably inhibits immobilization of FGF2 on extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans, allowing its release and subsequent activation of FGFR signaling which leads to increased vascular permeability. (258 aa)
SPRY4Protein sprouty homolog 4; Suppresses the insulin receptor and EGFR-transduced MAPK signaling pathway, but does not inhibit MAPK activation by a constitutively active mutant Ras. Probably impairs the formation of GTP-Ras. Inhibits Ras-independent, but not Ras-dependent, activation of RAF1. (322 aa)
SMOC2SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2; Promotes matrix assembly and cell adhesiveness (By similarity). Can stimulate endothelial cell proliferation, migration, as well as angiogenesis. (457 aa)
SULF2Extracellular sulfatase Sulf-2; Exhibits arylsulfatase activity and highly specific endoglucosamine-6-sulfatase activity. It can remove sulfate from the C- 6 position of glucosamine within specific subregions of intact heparin; Belongs to the sulfatase family. (870 aa)
DSTYKDual serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinase; Acts as a positive regulator of ERK phosphorylation downstream of fibroblast growth factor-receptor activation. Involved in the regulation of both caspase-dependent apoptosis and caspase-independent cell death. In the skin, it plays a predominant role in suppressing caspase-dependent apoptosis in response to UV stress in a range of dermal cell types. (929 aa)
RUNX2Runt-related transcription factor 2; Transcription factor involved in osteoblastic differentiation and skeletal morphogenesis. Essential for the maturation of osteoblasts and both intramembranous and endochondral ossification. CBF binds to the core site, 5'-PYGPYGGT-3', of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T-cell receptor enhancers, osteocalcin, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, alpha 1(I) collagen, LCK, IL-3 and GM-CSF promoters. In osteoblasts, supports transcription activation: synergizes with SPEN/MINT to enhance FGFR2- media [...] (521 aa)
SPRY2Protein sprouty homolog 2; May function as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways and may negatively modulate respiratory organogenesis. Belongs to the sprouty family. (315 aa)
GATA3Trans-acting T-cell-specific transcription factor GATA-3; Transcriptional activator which binds to the enhancer of the T-cell receptor alpha and delta genes. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-AGATAG-3'. Required for the T-helper 2 (Th2) differentiation process following immune and inflammatory responses. (444 aa)
FGFBP1Fibroblast growth factor-binding protein 1; Acts as a carrier protein that release fibroblast-binding factors (FGFs) from the extracellular matrix (EM) storage and thus enhance the mitogenic activity of FGFs. Enhances FGF2 signaling during tissue repair, angiogenesis and in tumor growth. (234 aa)
NRXN1Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (1547 aa)
PRKD2Serine/threonine-protein kinase D2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that converts transient diacylglycerol (DAG) signals into prolonged physiological effects downstream of PKC, and is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation via MAPK1/3 (ERK1/2) signaling, oxidative stress-induced NF-kappa-B activation, inhibition of HDAC7 transcriptional repression, signaling downstream of T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) and cytokine production, and plays a role in Golgi membrane trafficking, angiogenesis, secretory granule release and cell adhesion. May potentiate mitogenesis induced by the neu [...] (878 aa)
LRIT3Leucine-rich repeat, immunoglobulin-like domain and transmembrane domain-containing protein 3; Plays a role in the synapse formation and synaptic transmission between cone photoreceptor cells and retinal bipolar cells (By similarity). Required for normal transmission of a light-evoked stimulus from the cone photoreceptor cells to the ON-bipolar cells and ON-ganglion cells in the inner retina. Required in retinal ON-bipolar cells for normal localization of the cation channel TRPM1 at dendrite tips (By similarity). Seems to play a specific role in synaptic contacts made by ON-bipolar cel [...] (679 aa)
SPRY1Protein sprouty homolog 1; May function as an antagonist of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways and may negatively modulate respiratory organogenesis. (319 aa)
CREB3L1Processed cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1; Transcription factor involved in unfolded protein response (UPR). Binds the DNA consensus sequence 5'-GTGXGCXGC-3'. In the absence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, inserted into ER membranes, with N-terminal DNA-binding and transcription activation domains oriented toward the cytosolic face of the membrane. In response to ER stress, transported to the Golgi, where it is cleaved in a site-specific manner by resident proteases S1P/MBTPS1 and S2P/MBTPS2. The released N-terminal cytosolic domain is translocated [...] (519 aa)
CTNNB1Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa)
OTX2Homeobox protein OTX2; Transcription factor probably involved in the development of the brain and the sense organs. Can bind to the bicoid/BCD target sequence (BTS): 5'-TCTAATCCC-3'. (297 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
Server load: low (20%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.