STRINGSTRING
CDK3 CDK3 PTPRC PTPRC CUL2 CUL2 CDK5 CDK5 USP26 USP26 FBXL7 FBXL7 BRSK2 BRSK2 CHEK2 CHEK2 LATS2 LATS2 TPD52L1 TPD52L1 CDC25A CDC25A BIRC5 BIRC5 KLF11 KLF11 TMOD3 TMOD3 MAP3K11 MAP3K11 BRSK1 BRSK1 CKS1B CKS1B KHDRBS1 KHDRBS1 ANAPC2 ANAPC2 CCNG2 CCNG2 NEUROG1 NEUROG1 TRIM71 TRIM71 DNM2 DNM2 CCDC57 CCDC57 CIT CIT CUL5 CUL5 WNT10B WNT10B PLK1 PLK1 TAF10 TAF10 MELK MELK GFI1 GFI1 CALM3 CALM3 CCNB2 CCNB2 BUB1B BUB1B APP APP CCNO CCNO NPAT NPAT CDK16 CDK16 PLK2 PLK2 SKP2 SKP2 AKAP8 AKAP8 RB1 RB1 CDK2 CDK2 CDK6 CDK6 DBF4 DBF4 UBE2S UBE2S CUL3 CUL3 CLASP1 CLASP1 BRD4 BRD4 E2F3 E2F3 MARK4 MARK4 CCNE1 CCNE1 PKMYT1 PKMYT1 TIPIN TIPIN NDC80 NDC80 CCND2 CCND2 MNAT1 MNAT1 CDK17 CDK17 USP37 USP37 CCNJL CCNJL CDK18 CDK18 EIF4E EIF4E CCNE2 CCNE2 PPM1D PPM1D CDC27 CDC27 CCNJ CCNJ FBXL17 FBXL17 LATS1 LATS1 RPL24 RPL24 HINFP HINFP EZH2 EZH2 FBXL8 FBXL8 CDK4 CDK4 CCNB1 CCNB1 SPAST SPAST CDC25C CDC25C POLE POLE E2F7 E2F7 TACC3 TACC3 CUL1 CUL1 CLASP2 CLASP2 GPR132 GPR132 SIRT7 SIRT7 FBXL6 FBXL6 PPP3CA PPP3CA CDC23 CDC23 CDK1 CDK1 ITGB1 ITGB1 CCNF CCNF AKAP8L AKAP8L CHMP7 CHMP7 BCL2 BCL2 PPME1 PPME1 LCMT1 LCMT1 RBBP8 RBBP8 BACH1 BACH1 CUL4B CUL4B CDKN1A CDKN1A TFDP3 TFDP3 MTA3 MTA3 CHEK1 CHEK1 PPP6C PPP6C CDKN3 CDKN3 SPDYA SPDYA OVOL1 OVOL1 PLCB1 PLCB1 ANAPC1 ANAPC1 EIF4EBP1 EIF4EBP1 ENSA ENSA CDC7 CDC7 ANAPC7 ANAPC7 CNTD2 CNTD2 GSPT1 GSPT1 KDM8 KDM8 CAMK2A CAMK2A CCNA1 CCNA1 NASP NASP USP29 USP29 FBXL12 FBXL12 CDC25B CDC25B CCNI CCNI ID2 ID2 CDKN1B CDKN1B CCND1 CCND1 ZPR1 ZPR1 RPS6KB1 RPS6KB1 FBXL15 FBXL15 CHMP4B CHMP4B AURKA AURKA CDC34 CDC34 USH1C USH1C ACVR1B ACVR1B BCAT1 BCAT1 ZNF324 ZNF324 TIMELESS TIMELESS ARPP19 ARPP19 CHMP2A CHMP2A UPF1 UPF1 ABCB1 ABCB1 CCNI2 CCNI2 MYC MYC CCNA2 CCNA2 CTDP1 CTDP1 EPS8 EPS8 RCC1 RCC1 CALM1 CALM1 CALM2 CALM2 PPP2R2D PPP2R2D FOXM1 FOXM1 CCNG1 CCNG1 E2F1 E2F1 FBXL3 FBXL3 CDC16 CDC16 UBE2C UBE2C BTN2A2 BTN2A2 PHF8 PHF8 FBXL22 FBXL22 IQGAP3 IQGAP3 SMC5 SMC5 RHOU RHOU NES NES CACUL1 CACUL1 PLK3 PLK3 CCND3 CCND3 CCNY CCNY TFDP1 TFDP1 CUL4A CUL4A CKS2 CKS2 MASTL MASTL CCNB3 CCNB3 PIM2 PIM2 TAF2 TAF2 ID4 ID4 E2F4 E2F4 CDK14 CDK14 RPS6 RPS6 ESRRB ESRRB E2F6 E2F6 LZTS1 LZTS1 UBE2L3 UBE2L3 WEE1 WEE1 PBX1 PBX1 CDK15 CDK15
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CDK3Cyclin-dependent kinase 3; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle; involved in G0-G1 and G1-S cell cycle transitions. Interacts with CCNC/cyclin-C during interphase. Phosphorylates histone H1, ATF1, RB1 and CABLES1. ATF1 phosphorylation triggers ATF1 transactivation and transcriptional activities, and promotes cell proliferation and transformation. CDK3/cyclin-C mediated RB1 phosphorylation is required for G0-G1 transition. Promotes G1-S transition probably by contributing to the activation of E2F1, E2F2 and E2F3 in a RB1- [...] (305 aa)
PTPRCReceptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C; Protein tyrosine-protein phosphatase required for T-cell activation through the antigen receptor. Acts as a positive regulator of T-cell coactivation upon binding to DPP4. The first PTPase domain has enzymatic activity, while the second one seems to affect the substrate specificity of the first one. Upon T-cell activation, recruits and dephosphorylates SKAP1 and FYN. Dephosphorylates LYN, and thereby modulates LYN activity (By similarity); Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 1/6 subfamily. (1306 aa)
CUL2Cullin-2; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based ECS (ElonginB/C- CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination of target proteins. ECS complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. May serve as a rigid scaffold in the complex and may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the denedd [...] (764 aa)
CDK5Cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5; Proline-directed serine/threonine-protein kinase essential for neuronal cell cycle arrest and differentiation and may be involved in apoptotic cell death in neuronal diseases by triggering abortive cell cycle re-entry. Interacts with D1 and D3-type G1 cyclins. Phosphorylates SRC, NOS3, VIM/vimentin, p35/CDK5R1, MEF2A, SIPA1L1, SH3GLB1, PXN, PAK1, MCAM/MUC18, SEPT5, SYN1, DNM1, AMPH, SYNJ1, CDK16, RAC1, RHOA, CDC42, TONEBP/NFAT5, MAPT/TAU, MAP1B, histone H1, p53/TP53, HDAC1, APEX1, PTK2/FAK1, huntingtin/HTT, ATM, MAP2, NEFH and NEFM. Regulates several neu [...] (292 aa)
USP26Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 26; Involved in the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway in conjunction with the 26S proteasome (By similarity). Deubiquitinates the androgen receptor and regulates the androgen receptor signaling pathway; Belongs to the peptidase C19 family. (913 aa)
FBXL7F-box/LRR-repeat protein 7; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex. During mitosis, it mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of AURKA, causing mitotic arrest (By similarity). It also regulates mitochondrial function by mediating the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the apoptosis inhibitor BIRC5. (491 aa)
BRSK2Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRSK2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a key role in polarization of neurons and axonogenesis, cell cycle progress and insulin secretion. Phosphorylates CDK16, CDC25C, MAPT/TAU, PAK1 and WEE1. Following phosphorylation and activation by STK11/LKB1, acts as a key regulator of polarization of cortical neurons, probably by mediating phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAPT/TAU at 'Thr-529' and 'Ser-579'. Also regulates neuron polarization by mediating phosphorylation of WEE1 at 'Ser-642' in postmitotic neurons, leading to d [...] (766 aa)
CHEK2Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest, activation of DNA repair and apoptosis in response to the presence of DNA double-strand breaks. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. Following activation, phosphorylates numerous effectors preferentially at the consensus sequence [L-X-R-X-X-S/T]. Regulates cell cycle checkpoint arrest through phosphorylation of CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C, inhibiting their activity. Inhibition of CDC25 phosphatase activity leads [...] (586 aa)
LATS2Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS2; Negative regulator of YAP1 in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS2 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus [...] (1088 aa)
TPD52L1Tumor protein D53; TPD52 like 1. (209 aa)
CDC25AM-phase inducer phosphatase 1; Tyrosine protein phosphatase which functions as a dosage- dependent inducer of mitotic progression. Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and stimulates its kinase activity. Also dephosphorylates CDK2 in complex with cyclin E, in vitro. (524 aa)
BIRC5Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5; Multitasking protein that has dual roles in promoting cell proliferation and preventing apoptosis. Component of a chromosome passage protein complex (CPC) which is essential for chromosome alignment and segregation during mitosis and cytokinesis. Acts as an important regulator of the localization of this complex; directs CPC movement to different locations from the inner centromere during prometaphase to midbody during cytokinesis and participates in the organization of the center spindle by associating with polymerized microtubules. Involve [...] (165 aa)
KLF11Krueppel-like factor 11; Transcription factor. Activates the epsilon- and gamma-globin gene promoters and, to a much lower degree, the beta-globin gene and represses promoters containing SP1-like binding inhibiting cell growth. Represses transcription of SMAD7 which enhances TGF-beta signaling (By similarity). Induces apoptosis (By similarity); Belongs to the Sp1 C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (512 aa)
TMOD3Tropomodulin-3; Blocks the elongation and depolymerization of the actin filaments at the pointed end. The Tmod/TM complex contributes to the formation of the short actin protofilament, which in turn defines the geometry of the membrane skeleton (By similarity); Belongs to the tropomodulin family. (352 aa)
MAP3K11Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 11; Activates the JUN N-terminal pathway. Required for serum- stimulated cell proliferation and for mitogen and cytokine activation of MAPK14 (p38), MAPK3 (ERK) and MAPK8 (JNK1) through phosphorylation and activation of MAP2K4/MKK4 and MAP2K7/MKK7. Plays a role in mitogen- stimulated phosphorylation and activation of BRAF, but does not phosphorylate BRAF directly. Influences microtubule organization during the cell cycle. (847 aa)
BRSK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase BRSK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a key role in polarization of neurons and centrosome duplication. Phosphorylates CDC25B, CDC25C, MAPT/TAU, RIMS1, TUBG1, TUBG2 and WEE1. Following phosphorylation and activation by STK11/LKB1, acts as a key regulator of polarization of cortical neurons, probably by mediating phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins such as MAPT/TAU at 'Thr-529' and 'Ser-579'. Also regulates neuron polarization by mediating phosphorylation of WEE1 at 'Ser-642' in postmitotic neurons, leading to down-regulate WEE1 [...] (778 aa)
CKS1BCyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 1; Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function. (79 aa)
KHDRBS1KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 1; Recruited and tyrosine phosphorylated by several receptor systems, for example the T-cell, leptin and insulin receptors. Once phosphorylated, functions as an adapter protein in signal transduction cascades by binding to SH2 and SH3 domain-containing proteins. Role in G2-M progression in the cell cycle. Represses CBP-dependent transcriptional activation apparently by competing with other nuclear factors for binding to CBP. Also acts as a putative regulator of mRNA stability and/or translation rates and mediates [...] (443 aa)
ANAPC2Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 2; Together with the RING-H2 protein ANAPC11, constitutes the catalytic component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. The CDC20-APC/C complex positively re [...] (822 aa)
CCNG2Cyclin-G2; May play a role in growth regulation and in negative regulation of cell cycle progression; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin G subfamily. (344 aa)
NEUROG1Neurogenin-1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). Associates with chromatin to enhancer regulatory elements in genes encoding key transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis (By similarity). (237 aa)
TRIM71E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM71; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that cooperates with the microRNAs (miRNAs) machinery and promotes embryonic stem cells proliferation and maintenance (Probable). Binds to miRNAs and associates with AGO2, participating in post-transcriptional repression of transcripts such as CDKN1A (By similarity). In addition, participates in post-transcriptional mRNA repression in a miRNA independent mechanism. Facilitates the G1-S transition to promote rapid embryonic stem cell self-renewal by repressing CDKN1A expression. Required to maintain proliferation and preven [...] (868 aa)
DNM2Dynamin-2; Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Plays a role in the regulation of neuron morphology, axon growth and formation of neuronal growth cones (By similarity). Plays an important role in vesicular trafficking processes, in particular endocytosis. Involved in cytokinesis. Regulates maturation of apoptotic cell corpse-containing phagosomes by recruiting PIK3C3 to the phagosome membrane (By similarity). (870 aa)
CCDC57Coiled-coil domain containing 57. (751 aa)
CITCitron Rho-interacting kinase; Plays a role in cytokinesis. Required for KIF14 localization to the central spindle and midbody. Putative RHO/RAC effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of RHO and RAC1. It probably binds p21 with a tighter specificity in vivo. Displays serine/threonine protein kinase activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cytokinesis and the development of the central nervous system. Phosphorylates MYL9/MLC2. (2069 aa)
CUL5Cullin-5; Core component of multiple SCF-like ECS (Elongin-Cullin 2/5- SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends on the variable substrate recognition component. ECS(SOCS1) seems to direct ubiquitination of JAK2. Seems to be involved in proteosomal degradation of p53/TP53 stimulate [...] (780 aa)
WNT10BProtein Wnt-10b; Member of the Wnt ligand gene family that encodes for secreted proteins, which activate the Wnt signaling cascade. Specifically activates canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and thus triggers beta-catenin/LEF/TCF-mediated transcriptional programs. Involved in signaling networks controlling stemness, pluripotency and cell fate decisions. Acts in the immune system, mammary gland, adipose tissue, bone and skin. (389 aa)
PLK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that performs several important functions throughout M phase of the cell cycle, including the regulation of centrosome maturation and spindle assembly, the removal of cohesins from chromosome arms, the inactivation of anaphase- promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitors, and the regulation of mitotic exit and cytokinesis. Polo-like kinase proteins acts by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates BORA, BUB1B/BUBR1, C [...] (603 aa)
TAF10Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 10; TAFs are components of the transcription factor IID (TFIID) complex, PCAF histone acetylase complex and TBP-free TAFII complex (TFTC). TIIFD is a multimeric protein complex that plays a central role in mediating promoter responses to various activators and repressors. (218 aa)
MELKMaternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in various processes such as cell cycle regulation, self-renewal of stem cells, apoptosis and splicing regulation. Has a broad substrate specificity; phosphorylates BCL2L14, CDC25B, MAP3K5/ASK1 and ZNF622. Acts as an activator of apoptosis by phosphorylating and activating MAP3K5/ASK1. Acts as a regulator of cell cycle, notably by mediating phosphorylation of CDC25B, promoting localization of CDC25B to the centrosome and the spindle poles during mitosis. Plays a key role in cell proliferation and carcino [...] (651 aa)
GFI1Zinc finger protein Gfi-1; Transcription repressor essential for hematopoiesis. Functions in a cell-context and development-specific manner. Binds to 5'-TAAATCAC[AT]GCA-3' in the promoter region of a large number of genes. Component of several complexes, including the EHMT2-GFI1-HDAC1, AJUBA-GFI1-HDAC1 and RCOR-GFI-KDM1A-HDAC complexes, that suppress, via histone deacetylase (HDAC) recruitment, a number of genes implicated in multilineage blood cell development. Regulates neutrophil differentiation, promotes proliferation of lymphoid cells, and is required for granulocyte development. [...] (422 aa)
CALM3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
CCNB2G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B2; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily. (398 aa)
BUB1BMitotic checkpoint serine/threonine-protein kinase BUB1 beta; Essential component of the mitotic checkpoint. Required for normal mitosis progression. The mitotic checkpoint delays anaphase until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle. One of its checkpoint functions is to inhibit the activity of the anaphase- promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) by blocking the binding of CDC20 to APC/C, independently of its kinase activity. The other is to monitor kinetochore activities that depend on the kinetochore motor CENPE. Required for kinetochore localization of CENPE. Neg [...] (1050 aa)
APPGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis- inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits [...] (770 aa)
CCNOCyclin-O; Specifically required for generation of multiciliated cells, possibly by promoting a cell cycle state compatible with centriole amplification and maturation. Acts downstream of MCIDAS to promote mother centriole amplification and maturation in preparation for apical docking; Belongs to the cyclin family. (350 aa)
NPATProtein NPAT; Required for progression through the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle and for S phase entry. Activates transcription of the histone H2A, histone H2B, histone H3 and histone H4 genes in conjunction with MIZF. Also positively regulates the ATM, MIZF and PRKDC promoters. Transcriptional activation may be accomplished at least in part by the recruitment of the NuA4 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex to target gene promoters. Belongs to the NPAT family. (1427 aa)
CDK16Cyclin-dependent kinase 16; Protein kinase that plays a role in vesicle-mediated transport processes and exocytosis. Regulates GH1 release by brain neurons. Phosphorylates NSF, and thereby regulates NSF oligomerization. Required for normal spermatogenesis. Regulates neuron differentiation and dendrite development (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Can phosphorylate CCNY at 'Ser-336' (in vitro). (570 aa)
PLK2Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK2; Tumor suppressor serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in synaptic plasticity, centriole duplication and G1/S phase transition. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates CENPJ, NPM1, RAPGEF2, RASGRF1, SNCA, SIPA1L1 and SYNGAP1. Plays a key role in synaptic plasticity and memory by regulating the Ras and Rap protein signaling: required for overactivity-dependent spine remodeling by phosphorylating the Ras activator RASGRF1 an [...] (685 aa)
SKP2S-phase kinase-associated protein 2; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. Specifically recognizes phosphorylated CDKN1B/p27kip and is involved in regulation of G1/S transition. Degradation of CDKN1B/p27kip also requires CKS1. Recognizes target proteins ORC1, CDT1, RBL2, KMT2A/MLL1, CDK9, RAG2, FOXO1, UBP43, and probably MYC, TOB1 and TAL1. Degradation of TA [...] (424 aa)
AKAP8A-kinase anchor protein 8; Anchoring protein that mediates the subcellular compartmentation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA type II). Acts as an anchor for a PKA-signaling complex onto mitotic chromosomes, which is required for maintenance of chromosomes in a condensed form throughout mitosis. Recruits condensin complex subunit NCAPD2 to chromosomes required for chromatin condensation; the function appears to be independent from PKA-anchoring. May help to deliver cyclin D/E to CDK4 to facilitate cell cycle progression. Required for cell cycle G2/M transition and histone deacetyla [...] (692 aa)
RB1Retinoblastoma-associated protein; Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransfer [...] (928 aa)
CDK2Cyclin-dependent kinase 2; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle; essential for meiosis, but dispensable for mitosis. Phosphorylates CTNNB1, USP37, p53/TP53, NPM1, CDK7, RB1, BRCA2, MYC, NPAT, EZH2. Triggers duplication of centrosomes and DNA. Acts at the G1-S transition to promote the E2F transcriptional program and the initiation of DNA synthesis, and modulates G2 progression; controls the timing of entry into mitosis/meiosis by controlling the subsequent activation of cyclin B/CDK1 by phosphorylation, and coordinates the activation of cyclin B/CDK [...] (298 aa)
CDK6Cyclin-dependent kinase 6; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the cell cycle and differentiation; promotes G1/S transition. Phosphorylates pRB/RB1 and NPM1. Interacts with D-type G1 cyclins during interphase at G1 to form a pRB/RB1 kinase and controls the entrance into the cell cycle. Involved in initiation and maintenance of cell cycle exit during cell differentiation; prevents cell proliferation and regulates negatively cell differentiation, but is required for the proliferation of specific cell types (e.g. erythroid and hematopoietic cells). Essential for cel [...] (326 aa)
DBF4Protein DBF4 homolog A; Regulatory subunit for CDC7 which activates its kinase activity thereby playing a central role in DNA replication and cell proliferation. Required for progression of S phase. The complex CDC7- DBF4A selectively phosphorylates MCM2 subunit at 'Ser-40' and 'Ser-53' and then is involved in regulating the initiation of DNA replication during cell cycle. (674 aa)
UBE2SUbiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 S; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Catalyzes 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitination. Acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis. Acts by specifically elongating 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains initiated by the E2 enzyme UBE2C/UBCH10 on APC/C substrates, enhancing the degradation of APC/C substrates by the proteasome and promoting mitotic exit. Also acts by elongating ubiqui [...] (222 aa)
CUL3Cullin-3; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3- RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. BCR complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cu [...] (768 aa)
CLASP1CLIP-associating protein 1; Microtubule plus-end tracking protein that promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules. Involved in the nucleation of noncentrosomal microtubules originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Required for the polarization of the cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in migrating cells towards the leading edge of the cell. May act at the cell cortex to enhance the frequency of rescue of depolymerizing microtubules by attaching their plus-ends to cortical platforms composed of ERC1 and PHLDB2. This cortical microtubule stabilizing activity is regulated at le [...] (1538 aa)
BRD4Bromodomain-containing protein 4; Chromatin reader protein that recognizes and binds acetylated histones and plays a key role in transmission of epigenetic memory across cell divisions and transcription regulation. Remains associated with acetylated chromatin throughout the entire cell cycle and provides epigenetic memory for postmitotic G1 gene transcription by preserving acetylated chromatin status and maintaining high-order chromatin structure. During interphase, plays a key role in regulating the transcription of signal- inducible genes by associating with the P-TEFb complex and re [...] (1362 aa)
E2F3Transcription factor E2F3; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F3 binds specifically to RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. Inhibits adipogenesis, probably through the repression of CEBPA binding to its target gene promoters (By similarity). (465 aa)
MARK4MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4; Serine/threonine-protein kinase. Phosphorylates the microtubule-associated protein MAPT/TAU. Also phosphorylates the microtubule-associated proteins MAP2 and MAP4. Involved in regulation of the microtubule network, causing reorganization of microtubules into bundles. Required for the initiation of axoneme extension during cilium assembly. Regulates the centrosomal location of ODF2 and phosphorylates ODF2 in vitro. Plays a role in cell cycle progression, specifically in the G1/S checkpoint. Reduces neuronal cell survival. Plays a role in ene [...] (752 aa)
CCNE1G1/S-specific cyclin-E1; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) transition. (410 aa)
PKMYT1Membrane-associated tyrosine- and threonine-specific cdc2-inhibitory kinase; Acts as a negative regulator of entry into mitosis (G2 to M transition) by phosphorylation of the CDK1 kinase specifically when CDK1 is complexed to cyclins. Mediates phosphorylation of CDK1 predominantly on 'Thr-14'. Also involved in Golgi fragmentation. May be involved in phosphorylation of CDK1 on 'Tyr-15' to a lesser degree, however tyrosine kinase activity is unclear and may be indirect. May be a downstream target of Notch signaling pathway during eye development. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily [...] (499 aa)
TIPINTIMELESS-interacting protein; Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication and the maintenance of replication fork stability. Important for cell survival after DNA damage or replication stress. May be specifically required for the ATR-CHEK1 pathway in the replication checkpoint induced by hydroxyurea or ultraviolet light. Forms a complex with TIMELESS and this complex regulates DNA replication processes under both normal and stress conditions, stabilizes replication forks and influences both CHEK1 phosphorylation and the intra-S phase checkpoint in response to genotoxic st [...] (301 aa)
NDC80Kinetochore protein NDC80 homolog; Acts as a component of the essential kinetochore-associated NDC80 complex, which is required for chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint activity. Required for kinetochore integrity and the organization of stable microtubule binding sites in the outer plate of the kinetochore. The NDC80 complex synergistically enhances the affinity of the SKA1 complex for microtubules and may allow the NDC80 complex to track depolymerizing microtubules. Plays a role in chromosome congression and is essential for the end-on attachment of the kinetochores to spind [...] (642 aa)
CCND2G1/S-specific cyclin-D2; Regulatory component of the cyclin D2-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. A [...] (289 aa)
MNAT1CDK-activating kinase assembly factor MAT1; Stabilizes the cyclin H-CDK7 complex to form a functional CDK-activating kinase (CAK) enzymatic complex. CAK activates the cyclin-associated kinases CDK1, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 by threonine phosphorylation. CAK complexed to the core-TFIIH basal transcription factor activates RNA polymerase II by serine phosphorylation of the repetitive C-terminal domain (CTD) of its large subunit (POLR2A), allowing its escape from the promoter and elongation of the transcripts. Involved in cell cycle control and in RNA transcription by RNA polymerase II. (309 aa)
CDK17Cyclin-dependent kinase 17; May play a role in terminally differentiated neurons. Has a Ser/Thr-phosphorylating activity for histone H1 (By similarity). Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (523 aa)
USP37Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 37; Deubiquitinase that antagonizes the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/C) during G1/S transition by mediating deubiquitination of cyclin-A (CCNA1 and CCNA2), thereby promoting S phase entry. Specifically mediates deubiquitination of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains, a specific ubiquitin-linkage type mediated by the APC/C complex. Also mediates deubiquitination of 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitin chains in vitro. Phosphorylation at Ser-628 during G1/S phase maximizes the deubiquitinase activity, leading to prevent degradation of cyclin-A (CCNA1 an [...] (979 aa)
CCNJLCyclin-J-like protein; Cyclin J like. (435 aa)
CDK18Cyclin-dependent kinase 18; May play a role in signal transduction cascades in terminally differentiated cells; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CMGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC2/CDKX subfamily. (504 aa)
EIF4EEukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E; Recognizes and binds the 7-methylguanosine-containing mRNA cap during an early step in the initiation of protein synthesis and facilitates ribosome binding by inducing the unwinding of the mRNAs secondary structures. Component of the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex which binds to the mRNA cap and mediates translational repression. In the CYFIP1-EIF4E-FMR1 complex this subunit mediates the binding to the mRNA cap. (248 aa)
CCNE2G1/S-specific cyclin-E2; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the late G1 and early S phase; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin E subfamily. (404 aa)
PPM1DProtein phosphatase 1D; Involved in the negative regulation of p53 expression. Required for the relief of p53-dependent checkpoint mediated cell cycle arrest. Binds to and dephosphorylates 'Ser-15' of TP53 and 'Ser-345' of CHEK1 which contributes to the functional inactivation of these proteins. Mediates MAPK14 dephosphorylation and inactivation. Is also an important regulator of global heterochromatin silencing and critical in maintaining genome integrity (By similarity). (605 aa)
CDC27Cell division cycle protein 27 homolog; Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the APC3/CDC27 family. (830 aa)
CCNJCyclin-J; Cyclin J. (383 aa)
FBXL17F-box/LRR-repeat protein 17; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF(FBXL17) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, a key component of a quality control pathway required to ensure functional dimerization of BTB domain-containing proteins (dimerization quality control, DQC). FBXL17 specifically recognizes and binds a conserved degron of non-consecutive residues present at the interface of BTB dimers of aberrant composition: aberrant BTB dimer are then ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBXL17) complex and degraded by the proteaseome. The ability of the SCF(FBXL17) complex to eliminate compromised BTB di [...] (701 aa)
LATS1Serine/threonine-protein kinase LATS1; Negative regulator of YAP1 in the Hippo signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein STK3/MST2 and STK4/MST1, in complex with its regulatory protein SAV1, phosphorylates and activates LATS1/2 in complex with its regulatory protein MOB1, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates YAP1 oncoprotein and WWTR1/TAZ. Phosphorylation of YAP1 by LATS1 inhibits its translocation into the nucleus [...] (1130 aa)
RPL24Ribosomal protein L24; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL24 family. (157 aa)
HINFPHistone H4 transcription factor; Transcriptional repressor that binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CGGACGTT-3' and to the RB1 promoter. Transcriptional activator that promotes histone H4 gene transcription at the G1/S phase transition in conjunction with NPAT. Also activates transcription of the ATM and PRKDC genes. Autoregulates its expression by associating with its own promoter. (517 aa)
EZH2Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EZH2; Polycomb group (PcG) protein. Catalytic subunit of the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex, which methylates 'Lys-9' (H3K9me) and 'Lys-27' (H3K27me) of histone H3, leading to transcriptional repression of the affected target gene. Able to mono-, di- and trimethylate 'Lys-27' of histone H3 to form H3K27me1, H3K27me2 and H3K27me3, respectively. Displays a preference for substrates with less methylation, loses activity when progressively more methyl groups are incorporated into H3K27, H3K27me0 > H3K27me1 > H3K27me2. Compared to EZH1-containing complexes, it is m [...] (751 aa)
FBXL8F-box/LRR-repeat protein 8; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (374 aa)
CDK4Cyclin-dependent kinase 4; Ser/Thr-kinase component of cyclin D-CDK4 (DC) complexes that phosphorylate and inhibit members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulate the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complexes and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. [...] (303 aa)
CCNB1G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B1; Essential for the control of the cell cycle at the G2/M (mitosis) transition; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily. (433 aa)
SPASTSpastin; ATP-dependent microtubule severing protein that specifically recognizes and cuts microtubules that are polyglutamylated. Preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with short polyglutamate tails: severing activity increases as the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold. Severing activity is not dependent on tubulin acetylation or detyrosination. Microtubule severing promotes reorganization of cellular microtubule arrays and the release of microtubules from the centrosome following nucleation [...] (616 aa)
CDC25CM-phase inducer phosphatase 3; Functions as a dosage-dependent inducer in mitotic control. Tyrosine protein phosphatase required for progression of the cell cycle. When phosphorylated, highly effective in activating G2 cells into prophase. Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and activates its kinase activity. (473 aa)
POLEDNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit A; Catalytic component of the DNA polymerase epsilon complex. Participates in chromosomal DNA replication (By similarity). Required during synthesis of the leading DNA strands at the replication fork, binds at/or near replication origins and moves along DNA with the replication fork (By similarity). Has 3'-5' proofreading exonuclease activity that corrects errors arising during DNA replication (By similarity). Involved in DNA synthesis during DNA repair. Along with DNA polymerase POLD1 and DNA polymerase POLK, has a role in excision repair (NER) [...] (2286 aa)
E2F7Transcription factor E2F7; Atypical E2F transcription factor that participates in various processes such as angiogenesis, polyploidization of specialized cells and DNA damage response. Mainly acts as a transcription repressor that binds DNA independently of DP proteins and specifically recognizes the E2 recognition site 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3'. Directly represses transcription of classical E2F transcription factors such as E2F1. Acts as a regulator of S-phase by recognizing and binding the E2-related site 5'-TTCCCGCC-3' and mediating repression of G1/S-regulated genes. Plays a key role in po [...] (911 aa)
TACC3Transforming acidic coiled-coil-containing protein 3; Plays a role in the microtubule-dependent coupling of the nucleus and the centrosome. Involved in the processes that regulate centrosome-mediated interkinetic nuclear migration (INM) of neural progenitors (By similarity). Acts as component of the TACC3/ch- TOG/clathrin complex proposed to contribute to stabilization of kinetochore fibers of the mitotic spindle by acting as inter- microtubule bridge. The TACC3/ch-TOG/clathrin complex is required for the maintenance of kinetochore fiber tension. May be involved in the control of cell [...] (838 aa)
CUL1Cullin-1; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based SCF (SKP1-CUL1- F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, which mediate the ubiquitination of proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction and transcription. SCF complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. In the SCF complex, serves as a rigid scaffold that organizes the SKP1- F-box protein and RBX1 subunits. May contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the [...] (776 aa)
CLASP2CLIP-associating protein 2; Microtubule plus-end tracking protein that promotes the stabilization of dynamic microtubules. Involved in the nucleation of noncentrosomal microtubules originating from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Required for the polarization of the cytoplasmic microtubule arrays in migrating cells towards the leading edge of the cell. May act at the cell cortex to enhance the frequency of rescue of depolymerizing microtubules by attaching their plus-ends to cortical platforms composed of ERC1 and PHLDB2. This cortical microtubule stabilizing activity is regulated at le [...] (458 aa)
GPR132Probable G-protein coupled receptor 132; May be a receptor for oxidized free fatty acids derived from linoleic and arachidonic acids such as 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). Activates a G alpha protein, most likely G alpha(q). May be involved in apoptosis. Functions at the G2/M checkpoint to delay mitosis. May function as a sensor that monitors the oxidative states and mediates appropriate cellular responses such as secretion of paracrine signals and attenuation of proliferation. May mediate ths accumulation of intracellular inositol phosphates at acidic pH through proton-sensin [...] (380 aa)
SIRT7NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-7; NAD-dependent protein-lysine deacylase that can act both as a deacetylase or deacylase (desuccinylase, depropionylase and deglutarylase), depending on the context. Specifically mediates deacetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-18' (H3K18Ac). In contrast to other histone deacetylases, displays strong preference for a specific histone mark, H3K18Ac, directly linked to control of gene expression. H3K18Ac is mainly present around the transcription start site of genes and has been linked to activation of nuclear hormone receptors; SIRT7 thereby acts a [...] (400 aa)
FBXL6F-box/LRR-repeat protein 6; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. (539 aa)
PPP3CASerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Many of the substrates contain a PxIxIT motif and/or a LxVP motif. In response to increased Ca(2+) levels, dephosphorylates and activates phosphatase SSH1 which results in cofilin dephosphorylation. In response to increased Ca(2+) levels following mitochondrial depolarization, dephosphorylates DNM1L inducing DNM1L translocation to the mitochondrion. Dephosphorylat [...] (521 aa)
CDC23Cell division cycle protein 23 homolog; Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the APC8/CDC23 family. (597 aa)
CDK1Cyclin-dependent kinase 1; Plays a key role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle by modulating the centrosome cycle as well as mitotic onset; promotes G2-M transition, and regulates G1 progress and G1-S transition via association with multiple interphase cyclins. Required in higher cells for entry into S-phase and mitosis. Phosphorylates PARVA/actopaxin, APC, AMPH, APC, BARD1, Bcl-xL/BCL2L1, BRCA2, CALD1, CASP8, CDC7, CDC20, CDC25A, CDC25C, CC2D1A, CENPA, CSNK2 proteins/CKII, FZR1/CDH1, CDK7, CEBPB, CHAMP1, DMD/dystrophin, EEF1 proteins/EF-1, EZH2, KIF11/EG5, EGFR, FANCG, FOS, G [...] (297 aa)
ITGB1Integrin beta-1; Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G- E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha- 4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha- 11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha- 4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin [...] (798 aa)
CCNFCyclin-F; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of CP110 during G2 phase, thereby acting as an inhibitor of centrosome reduplication. Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily. (786 aa)
AKAP8LA-kinase anchor protein 8-like; Could play a role in constitutive transport element (CTE)- mediated gene expression by association with DHX9. Increases CTE- dependent nuclear unspliced mRNA export. Proposed to target PRKACA to the nucleus but does not seem to be implicated in the binding of regulatory subunit II of PKA. May be involved in nuclear envelope breakdown and chromatin condensation. May be involved in anchoring nuclear membranes to chromatin in interphase and in releasing membranes from chromating at mitosis. May regulate the initiation phase of DNA replication when associate [...] (646 aa)
CHMP7Charged multivesicular body protein 7; ESCRT-III-like protein required to recruit the ESCRT-III complex to the nuclear envelope during late anaphase. Together with SPAST, the ESCRT-III complex promotes nuclear envelope sealing and mitotic spindle disassembly during late anaphase. Plays a role in the endosomal sorting pathway. (453 aa)
BCL2Apoptosis regulator Bcl-2; Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. Regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability. Appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspases. Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1). May attenuate inflammation by impairing NLRP1-inflammasome activation, hence CASP1 activation and IL1B release. (239 aa)
PPME1Protein phosphatase methylesterase 1; Demethylates proteins that have been reversibly carboxymethylated. Demethylates PPP2CB (in vitro) and PPP2CA. Binding to PPP2CA displaces the manganese ion and inactivates the enzyme. Belongs to the AB hydrolase superfamily. (400 aa)
LCMT1Leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1; Methylates the carboxyl group of the C-terminal leucine residue of protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunits to form alpha- leucine ester residues. (334 aa)
RBBP8DNA endonuclease RBBP8; Endonuclease that cooperates with the MRE11-RAD50-NBN (MRN) complex in DNA-end resection, the first step of double-strand break (DSB) repair through the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. HR is restricted to S and G2 phases of the cell cycle and preferentially repairs DSBs resulting from replication fork collapse. Key determinant of DSB repair pathway choice, as it commits cells to HR by preventing classical non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). Functions downstream of the MRN complex and ATM, promotes ATR activation and its recruitment to DSBs in the S/G2 phas [...] (897 aa)
BACH1Transcription regulator protein BACH1; Transcriptional regulator that acts as repressor or activator, depending on the context. Binds to NF-E2 DNA binding sites. Plays important roles in coordinating transcription activation and repression by MAFK (By similarity). Together with MAF, represses the transcription of genes under the control of the NFE2L2 oxidative stress pathway. (736 aa)
CUL4BCullin-4B; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends on the variable substrate recognition subunit. CUL4B may act within the complex as a scaffold protein, contributing to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. Plays a role as part of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex in polyubiquitination of CDT1, histone H2A, histone H3 and [...] (913 aa)
CDKN1ACyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; May be involved in p53/TP53 mediated inhibition of cellular proliferation in response to DNA damage. Binds to and inhibits cyclin- dependent kinase activity, preventing phosphorylation of critical cyclin-dependent kinase substrates and blocking cell cycle progression. Functions in the nuclear localization and assembly of cyclin D-CDK4 complex and promotes its kinase activity towards RB1. At higher stoichiometric ratios, inhibits the kinase activity of the cyclin D- CDK4 complex. Inhibits DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase delta by competing with POLD3 [...] (164 aa)
TFDP3Transcription factor Dp family member 3; Competitive inhibitor of E2F-mediated transactivation activity. Impairs E2F-mediated cell-cycle progression from G(1) to S phase; Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (405 aa)
MTA3Metastasis-associated protein MTA3; Plays a role in maintenance of the normal epithelial architecture through the repression of SNAI1 transcription in a histone deacetylase-dependent manner, and thus the regulation of E-cadherin levels. Contributes to transcriptional repression by BCL6. (594 aa)
CHEK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase Chk1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is required for checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest and activation of DNA repair in response to the presence of DNA damage or unreplicated DNA. May also negatively regulate cell cycle progression during unperturbed cell cycles. This regulation is achieved by a number of mechanisms that together help to preserve the integrity of the genome. Recognizes the substrate consensus sequence [R-X-X-S/T]. Binds to and phosphorylates CDC25A, CDC25B and CDC25C. Phosphorylation of CDC25A at 'Ser-178' and 'Thr-507' and pho [...] (492 aa)
PPP6CSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 6 catalytic subunit, N-terminally processed; Catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 6 (PP6). PP6 is a component of a signaling pathway regulating cell cycle progression in response to IL2 receptor stimulation. N-terminal domain restricts G1 to S phase progression in cancer cells, in part through control of cyclin D1. During mitosis, regulates spindle positioning. Downregulates MAP3K7 kinase activation of the IL1 signaling pathway by dephosphorylation of MAP3K7. Participates also in the innate immune defense against viruses by desphosphorylating RI [...] (342 aa)
CDKN3Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 3; May play a role in cell cycle regulation. Dual specificity phosphatase active toward substrates containing either phosphotyrosine or phosphoserine residues. Dephosphorylates CDK2 at 'Thr-160' in a cyclin-dependent manner. (212 aa)
SPDYASpeedy protein A; Regulates the G1/S phase transition of the cell cycle by binding and activating CDK1 and CDK2. Contributes to CDK2 activation without promoting CDK2 phosphorylation, by inducing a conformation change of the CDK2 T-loop that obstructs the substrate- binding cleft prior to kinase activation. Mediates cell survival during the DNA damage process through activation of CDK2. Belongs to the Speedy/Ringo family. (313 aa)
OVOL1Putative transcription factor Ovo-like 1; Putative transcription factor. Involved in hair formation and spermatogenesis. May function in the differentiation and/or maintenance of the urogenital system (By similarity). (267 aa)
PLCB11-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1216 aa)
ANAPC1Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 1; Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the APC1 family. (1944 aa)
EIF4EBP1Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1; Repressor of translation initiation that regulates EIF4E activity by preventing its assembly into the eIF4F complex: hypophosphorylated form competes with EIF4G1/EIF4G3 and strongly binds to EIF4E, leading to repress translation. In contrast, hyperphosphorylated form dissociates from EIF4E, allowing interaction between EIF4G1/EIF4G3 and EIF4E, leading to initiation of translation. Mediates the regulation of protein translation by hormones, growth factors and other stimuli that signal through the MAP kinase and mTORC1 pathways. (118 aa)
ENSAAlpha-endosulfine; Protein phosphatase inhibitor that specifically inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) during mitosis. When phosphorylated at Ser-67 during mitosis, specifically interacts with PPP2R2D (PR55-delta) and inhibits its activity, leading to inactivation of PP2A, an essential condition to keep cyclin-B1-CDK1 activity high during M phase (By similarity). Also acts as a stimulator of insulin secretion by interacting with sulfonylurea receptor (ABCC8), thereby preventing sulfonylurea from binding to its receptor and reducing K(ATP) channel currents. (137 aa)
CDC7Cell division cycle 7-related protein kinase; Seems to phosphorylate critical substrates that regulate the G1/S phase transition and/or DNA replication. Can phosphorylates MCM2 and MCM3; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. CDC7 subfamily. (574 aa)
ANAPC7Anaphase-promoting complex subunit 7; Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the APC7 family. (599 aa)
CNTD2Cyclin N-terminal domain-containing protein 2. (307 aa)
GSPT1Eukaryotic peptide chain release factor GTP-binding subunit ERF3A; Involved in translation termination in response to the termination codons UAA, UAG and UGA (By similarity). Stimulates the activity of ETF1 (By similarity). Involved in regulation of mammalian cell growth. Component of the transient SURF complex which recruits UPF1 to stalled ribosomes in the context of nonsense- mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Required for SHFL-mediated translation termination which inhibits programmed ribosomal frameshifting (-1PRF) of mRNA from viruses and cellular gen [...] (637 aa)
KDM8Bifunctional peptidase and arginyl-hydroxylase JMJD5; Bifunctional enzyme that acts both as an endopeptidase and 2- oxoglutarate-dependent monoxygenase. Endopeptidase that cleaves histones N-terminal tails at the carboxyl side of methylated arginine or lysine residues, to generate 'tailless nucleosomes', which may trigger transcription elongation. Preferentially recognizes and cleaves monomethylated and dimethylated arginine residues of histones H2, H3 and H4. After initial cleavage, continues to digest histones tails via its aminopeptidase activity. Upon DNA damage, cleaves the N-term [...] (454 aa)
CAMK2ACalcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that functions autonomously after Ca(2+)/calmodulin-binding and autophosphorylation, and is involved in synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter release and long-term potentiation. Member of the NMDAR signaling complex in excitatory synapses, it regulates NMDAR-dependent potentiation of the AMPAR and therefore excitatory synaptic transmission (By similarity). Regulates dendritic spine development. Also regulates the migration of developing neurons. Phosphorylates the transcriptio [...] (489 aa)
CCNA1Cyclin-A1; May be involved in the control of the cell cycle at the G1/S (start) and G2/M (mitosis) transitions. May primarily function in the control of the germline meiotic cell cycle and additionally in the control of mitotic cell cycle in some somatic cells. Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin AB subfamily. (465 aa)
NASPNuclear autoantigenic sperm protein; Required for DNA replication, normal cell cycle progression and cell proliferation. Forms a cytoplasmic complex with HSP90 and H1 linker histones and stimulates HSP90 ATPase activity. NASP and H1 histone are subsequently released from the complex and translocate to the nucleus where the histone is released for binding to DNA. (788 aa)
USP29Ubiquitin specific peptidase 29. (922 aa)
FBXL12F-box/LRR-repeat protein 12; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Mediates the polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of CAMK1 leading to disruption of cyclin D1/CDK4 complex assembly which results in G1 cell cycle arrest in lung epithelia. (326 aa)
CDC25BM-phase inducer phosphatase 2; Tyrosine protein phosphatase which functions as a dosage- dependent inducer of mitotic progression. Required for G2/M phases of the cell cycle progression and abscission during cytokinesis in a ECT2- dependent manner. Directly dephosphorylates CDK1 and stimulates its kinase activity. The three isoforms seem to have a different level of activity. (580 aa)
CCNICyclin-I; Cyclin I; Belongs to the cyclin family. (377 aa)
ID2DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-2; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation. Inhibits skeletal muscle and cardiac myocyte differentiation. Regulates the circadian clock by repressing the transcriptional activator activity of the C [...] (134 aa)
CDKN1BCyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B; Important regulator of cell cycle progression. Inhibits the kinase activity of CDK2 bound to cyclin A, but has little inhibitory activity on CDK2 bound to SPDYA. Involved in G1 arrest. Potent inhibitor of cyclin E- and cyclin A-CDK2 complexes. Forms a complex with cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes and is involved in the assembly, stability, and modulation of CCND1-CDK4 complex activation. Acts either as an inhibitor or an activator of cyclin type D-CDK4 complexes depending on its phosphorylation state and/or stoichometry. Belongs to the CDI family. (198 aa)
CCND1G1/S-specific cyclin-D1; Regulatory component of the cyclin D1-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. A [...] (295 aa)
ZPR1Zinc finger protein ZPR1; Acts as a signaling molecule that communicates proliferative growth signals from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Plays a role for the localization and accumulation of the survival motor neuron protein SMN1 in sub-nuclear bodies, including gems and Cajal bodies. Induces neuron differentiation and stimulates axonal growth and formation of growth cone in spinal cord motor neurons. Plays a role in the splicing of cellular pre-mRNAs. May be involved in H(2)O(2)-induced neuronal cell death; Belongs to the ZPR1 family. (459 aa)
RPS6KB1Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts downstream of mTOR signaling in response to growth factors and nutrients to promote cell proliferation, cell growth and cell cycle progression. Regulates protein synthesis through phosphorylation of EIF4B, RPS6 and EEF2K, and contributes to cell survival by repressing the pro-apoptotic function of BAD. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, the inactive form associates with the EIF3 translation initiation complex. Upon mitogenic stimulation, phosphorylation by the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTO [...] (525 aa)
FBXL15F-box/LRR-repeat protein 15; Substrate recognition component of a SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of SMURF1, thereby acting as a positive regulator of the BMP signaling pathway. Required for dorsal/ventral pattern formation and bone mass maintenance. Also mediates ubiquitination of SMURF2 and WWP2. (300 aa)
CHMP4BCharged multivesicular body protein 4b; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (224 aa)
AURKAAurora kinase A; Mitotic serine/threonine kinase that contributes to the regulation of cell cycle progression. Associates with the centrosome and the spindle microtubules during mitosis and plays a critical role in various mitotic events including the establishment of mitotic spindle, centrosome duplication, centrosome separation as well as maturation, chromosomal alignment, spindle assembly checkpoint, and cytokinesis. Required for normal spindle positioning during mitosis and for the localization of NUMA1 and DCTN1 to the cell cortex during metaphase. Required for initial activation [...] (403 aa)
CDC34Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 R1; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-48'- linked polyubiquitination. Cooperates with the E2 UBCH5C and the SCF(FBXW11) E3 ligase complex for the polyubiquitination of NFKBIA leading to its subsequent proteasomal degradation. Performs ubiquitin chain elongation building ubiquitin chains from the UBE2D3- primed NFKBIA-linked ubiquitin. UBE2D3 acts as an initiator E2, priming the phosphorylated NFKBIA target at positions 'Lys-21' and/or 'Lys-22' with a monoubiquitin. Coope [...] (236 aa)
USH1CHarmonin; USH1 protein network component harmonin. (899 aa)
ACVR1BActivin receptor type-1B; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase activin type-1 receptor forming an activin receptor complex with activin receptor type-2 (ACVR2A or ACVR2B). Transduces the activin signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a many physiological and pathological processes including neuronal differentiation and neuronal survival, hair follicle development and cycling, FSH production by the pituitary gland, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinogenesis. Activin is also thought to have a paracrine or autocrine [...] (546 aa)
BCAT1Branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, cytosolic; Catalyzes the first reaction in the catabolism of the essential branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine. (398 aa)
ZNF324Zinc finger protein 324A; May be involved in transcriptional regulation. May be involved in regulation of cell proliferation. Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (553 aa)
TIMELESSProtein timeless homolog; Plays an important role in the control of DNA replication, maintenance of replication fork stability, maintenance of genome stability throughout normal DNA replication, DNA repair and in the regulation of the circadian clock. Required to stabilize replication forks during DNA replication by forming a complex with TIPIN: this complex regulates DNA replication processes under both normal and stress conditions, stabilizes replication forks and influences both CHEK1 phosphorylation and the intra-S phase checkpoint in response to genotoxic stress. TIMELESS promotes [...] (1208 aa)
ARPP19cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein 19; Protein phosphatase inhibitor that specifically inhibits protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) during mitosis. When phosphorylated at Ser-62 during mitosis, specifically interacts with PPP2R2D (PR55-delta) and inhibits its activity, leading to inactivation of PP2A, an essential condition to keep cyclin-B1-CDK1 activity high during M phase. May indirectly enhance GAP-43 expression. Belongs to the endosulfine family. (131 aa)
CHMP2ACharged multivesicular body protein 2a; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (222 aa)
UPF1Regulator of nonsense transcripts 1; RNA-dependent helicase and ATPase required for nonsense- mediated decay (NMD) of mRNAs containing premature stop codons. Is recruited to mRNAs upon translation termination and undergoes a cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation; its phosphorylation appears to be a key step in NMD. Recruited by release factors to stalled ribosomes together with the SMG1C protein kinase complex to form the transient SURF (SMG1-UPF1-eRF1-eRF3) complex. In EJC-dependent NMD, the SURF complex associates with the exon junction complex (EJC) (located 50-55 or more n [...] (1129 aa)
ABCB1ATP-dependent translocase ABCB1; Translocates drugs and phospholipids across the membrane. Catalyzes the flop of phospholipids from the cytoplasmic to the exoplasmic leaflet of the apical membrane. Participates mainly to the flop of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, beta-D-glucosylceramides and sphingomyelins. Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells. (1280 aa)
CCNI2Cyclin-I2; Cyclin I family member 2. (385 aa)
MYCMyc proto-oncogene protein; Transcription factor that binds DNA in a non-specific manner, yet also specifically recognizes the core sequence 5'-CAC[GA]TG-3'. Activates the transcription of growth-related genes. Binds to the VEGFA promoter, promoting VEGFA production and subsequent sprouting angiogenesis. Regulator of somatic reprogramming, controls self-renewal of embryonic stem cells. Functions with TAF6L to activate target gene expression through RNA polymerase II pause release (By similarity). (454 aa)
CCNA2Cyclin-A2; Cyclin which controls both the G1/S and the G2/M transition phases of the cell cycle. Functions through the formation of specific serine/threonine protein kinase holoenzyme complexes with the cyclin- dependent protein kinases CDK1 or CDK2. The cyclin subunit confers the substrate specificity of these complexes and differentially interacts with and activates CDK1 and CDK2 throughout the cell cycle. (432 aa)
CTDP1RNA polymerase II subunit A C-terminal domain phosphatase; Processively dephosphorylates 'Ser-2' and 'Ser-5' of the heptad repeats YSPTSPS in the C-terminal domain of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit. This promotes the activity of RNA polymerase II. Plays a role in the exit from mitosis by dephosphorylating crucial mitotic substrates (USP44, CDC20 and WEE1) that are required for M- phase-promoting factor (MPF)/CDK1 inactivation. (961 aa)
EPS8Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8; Signaling adapter that controls various cellular protrusions by regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and architecture. Depending on its association with other signal transducers, can regulate different processes. Together with SOS1 and ABI1, forms a trimeric complex that participates in transduction of signals from Ras to Rac by activating the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. Acts as a direct regulator of actin dynamics by binding actin filaments and has both barbed-end actin filament capping and acti [...] (822 aa)
RCC1Regulator of chromosome condensation; Guanine-nucleotide releasing factor that promotes the exchange of Ran-bound GDP by GTP, and thereby plays an important role in RAN-mediated functions in nuclear import and mitosis. Contributes to the generation of high levels of chromosome-associated, GTP-bound RAN, which is important for mitotic spindle assembly and normal progress through mitosis. Via its role in maintaining high levels of GTP-bound RAN in the nucleus, contributes to the release of cargo proteins from importins after nuclear import. Involved in the regulation of onset of chromoso [...] (452 aa)
CALM1Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin 1; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (150 aa)
CALM2Calmodulin 2. (149 aa)
PPP2R2DSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A 55 kDa regulatory subunit B delta isoform; B regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) that plays a key role in cell cycle by controlling mitosis entry and exit. The activity of PP2A complexes containing PPP2R2D (PR55-delta) fluctuate during the cell cycle: the activity is high in interphase and low in mitosis. During mitosis, activity of PP2A is inhibited via interaction with phosphorylated ENSA and ARPP19 inhibitors. Within the PP2A complexes, the B regulatory subunits modulate substrate selectivity and catalytic activity, and also ma [...] (453 aa)
FOXM1Forkhead box protein M1; Transcriptional factor regulating the expression of cell cycle genes essential for DNA replication and mitosis. Plays a role in the control of cell proliferation. Plays also a role in DNA breaks repair participating in the DNA damage checkpoint response. (801 aa)
CCNG1Cyclin-G1; May play a role in growth regulation. Is associated with G2/M phase arrest in response to DNA damage. May be an intermediate by which p53 mediates its role as an inhibitor of cellular proliferation (By similarity). (295 aa)
E2F1Transcription factor E2F1; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F1 binds preferentially RB1 in a cell-cycle dependent manner. It can mediate both cell proliferation and TP53/p53-dependent apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by binding to specific promoters repressing CEBPA bindi [...] (437 aa)
FBXL3F-box/LRR-repeat protein 3; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF(FBXL3) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex involved in circadian rhythm function. Plays a key role in the maintenance of both the speed and the robustness of the circadian clock oscillation. The SCF(FBXL3) complex mainly acts in the nucleus and mediates ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of CRY1 and CRY2. Activity of the SCF(FBXL3) complex is counteracted by the SCF(FBXL21) complex. (428 aa)
CDC16Cell division cycle protein 16 homolog; Component of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis and the G1 phase of the cell cycle. The APC/C complex acts by mediating ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of target proteins: it mainly mediates the formation of 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains and, to a lower extent, the formation of 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. Belongs to the APC6/CDC16 family. (620 aa)
UBE2CUbiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 C; Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-48'-linked polyubiquitination. Acts as an essential factor of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a cell cycle-regulated ubiquitin ligase that controls progression through mitosis. Acts by initiating 'Lys-11'-linked polyubiquitin chains on APC/C substrates, leading to the degradation of APC/C substrates by the proteasome and promoting mitotic exit. (179 aa)
BTN2A2Butyrophilin subfamily 2 member A2; Inhibits the proliferation of CD4 and CD8 T-cells activated by anti-CD3 antibodies, T-cell metabolism and IL2 and IFNG secretion. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. BTN/MOG family. (523 aa)
PHF8Histone lysine demethylase PHF8; Histone lysine demethylase with selectivity for the di- and monomethyl states that plays a key role cell cycle progression, rDNA transcription and brain development. Demethylates mono- and dimethylated histone H3 'Lys-9' residue (H3K9Me1 and H3K9Me2), dimethylated H3 'Lys-27' (H3K27Me2) and monomethylated histone H4 'Lys- 20' residue (H4K20Me1). Acts as a transcription activator as H3K9Me1, H3K9Me2, H3K27Me2 and H4K20Me1 are epigenetic repressive marks. Involved in cell cycle progression by being required to control G1-S transition. Acts as a coactivato [...] (1060 aa)
FBXL22F-box and leucine-rich protein 22; Substrate-recognition component of the SCF (SKP1-CUL1-F-box protein)-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. Promotes ubiquitination of sarcomeric proteins alpha-actinin-2 (ACTN2) and filamin-C (FLNC). (247 aa)
IQGAP3Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP3; IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 3. (1631 aa)
SMC5Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 5; Core component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex, a complex involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination. The complex may promote sister chromatid homologous recombination by recruiting the SMC1-SMC3 cohesin complex to double-strand breaks. The complex is required for telomere maintenance via recombination in ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) cell lines and mediates sumoylation of shelterin complex (telosome) components which is proposed to lead to shelterin complex disassembly in ALT-associated PML bodies ( [...] (1101 aa)
RHOURho-related GTP-binding protein RhoU; Acts upstream of PAK1 to regulate the actin cytoskeleton, adhesion turnover and increase cell migration. Stimulates quiescent cells to reenter the cell cycle. Has no detectable GTPase activity but its high intrinsic guanine nucleotide exchange activity suggests it is constitutively GTP-bound. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required in the control of cell shape. Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rho family. (258 aa)
NESNestin; Required for brain and eye development. Promotes the disassembly of phosphorylated vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) during mitosis and may play a role in the trafficking and distribution of IF proteins and other cellular factors to daughter cells during progenitor cell division. Required for survival, renewal and mitogen- stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells (By similarity). (1621 aa)
CACUL1CDK2-associated and cullin domain-containing protein 1; Cell cycle associated protein capable of promoting cell proliferation through the activation of CDK2 at the G1/S phase transition. (369 aa)
PLK3Serine/threonine-protein kinase PLK3; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation, response to stress and Golgi disassembly. Polo-like kinases act by binding and phosphorylating proteins are that already phosphorylated on a specific motif recognized by the POLO box domains. Phosphorylates ATF2, BCL2L1, CDC25A, CDC25C, CHEK2, HIF1A, JUN, p53/TP53, p73/TP73, PTEN, TOP2A and VRK1. Involved in cell cycle regulation: required for entry into S phase and cytokinesis. Phosphorylates BCL2L1, leading to regulate the G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosi [...] (646 aa)
CCND3G1/S-specific cyclin-D3; Regulatory component of the cyclin D3-CDK4 (DC) complex that phosphorylates and inhibits members of the retinoblastoma (RB) protein family including RB1 and regulates the cell-cycle during G(1)/S transition. Phosphorylation of RB1 allows dissociation of the transcription factor E2F from the RB/E2F complex and the subsequent transcription of E2F target genes which are responsible for the progression through the G(1) phase. Hypophosphorylates RB1 in early G(1) phase. Cyclin D-CDK4 complexes are major integrators of various mitogenenic and antimitogenic signals. A [...] (292 aa)
CCNYCyclin-Y; Positive regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK14/PFTK1 and CDK16. Acts as a cell-cycle regulator of Wnt signaling pathway during G2/M phase by recruiting CDK14/PFTK1 to the plasma membrane and promoting phosphorylation of LRP6, leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Recruits CDK16 to the plasma membrane. Isoform 3 might play a role in the activation of MYC-mediated transcription. (341 aa)
TFDP1Transcription factor Dp-1; Can stimulate E2F-dependent transcription. Binds DNA cooperatively with E2F family members through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3', found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The E2F1:DP complex appears to mediate both cell proliferation and apoptosis. Blocks adipocyte differentiation by repressing CEBPA binding to its target gene promoters ; Belongs to the E2F/DP family. (410 aa)
CUL4ACullin-4A; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cullin subunit with TIP120A/CAND1. The functional specificity of the E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex depends on the variable substrate recognition co [...] (759 aa)
CKS2Cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit 2; Binds to the catalytic subunit of the cyclin dependent kinases and is essential for their biological function. (79 aa)
MASTLSerine/threonine-protein kinase greatwall; Serine/threonine kinase that plays a key role in M phase by acting as a regulator of mitosis entry and maintenance. Acts by promoting the inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) during M phase: does not directly inhibit PP2A but acts by mediating phosphorylation and subsequent activation of ARPP19 and ENSA at 'Ser- 62' and 'Ser-67', respectively. ARPP19 and ENSA are phosphatase inhibitors that specifically inhibit the PPP2R2D (PR55-delta) subunit of PP2A. Inactivation of PP2A during M phase is essential to keep cyclin-B1-CDK1 activity hi [...] (879 aa)
CCNB3G2/mitotic-specific cyclin-B3; Cyclins are positive regulatory subunits of the cyclin- dependent kinases (CDKs), and thereby play an essential role in the control of the cell cycle, notably via their destruction during cell division. Its tissue specificity suggest that it may be required during early meiotic prophase I. (1395 aa)
PIM2Serine/threonine-protein kinase pim-2; Proto-oncogene with serine/threonine kinase activity involved in cell survival and cell proliferation. Exerts its oncogenic activity through: the regulation of MYC transcriptional activity, the regulation of cell cycle progression, the regulation of cap-dependent protein translation and through survival signaling by phosphorylation of a pro- apoptotic protein, BAD. Phosphorylation of MYC leads to an increase of MYC protein stability and thereby an increase transcriptional activity. The stabilization of MYC exerted by PIM2 might explain partly the [...] (311 aa)
TAF2Transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 2; Transcription factor TFIID is one of the general factors required for accurate and regulated initiation by RNA polymerase II. TFIID is a multimeric protein complex that plays a central role in mediating promoter responses to various activators and repressors. It requires core promoter-specific cofactors for productive transcription stimulation. TAF2 stabilizes TFIID binding to core promoter. (1199 aa)
ID4DNA-binding protein inhibitor ID-4; Transcriptional regulator (lacking a basic DNA binding domain) which negatively regulates the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors by forming heterodimers and inhibiting their DNA binding and transcriptional activity. Implicated in regulating a variety of cellular processes, including cellular growth, senescence, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and neoplastic transformation (By similarity). (161 aa)
E2F4Transcription factor E2F4; Transcription activator that binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'-TTTC[CG]CGC-3' found in the promoter region of a number of genes whose products are involved in cell cycle regulation or in DNA replication. The DRTF1/E2F complex functions in the control of cell-cycle progression from G1 to S phase. E2F4 binds with high affinity to RBL1 and RBL2. In some instances can also bind RB1. Specifically required for multiciliate cell differentiation: together with MCIDAS and E2F5, binds and activate genes required for centriole [...] (413 aa)
CDK14Cyclin-dependent kinase 14; Serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle, whose activity is controlled by an associated cyclin. Acts as a cell-cycle regulator of Wnt signaling pathway during G2/M phase by mediating the phosphorylation of LRP6 at 'Ser-1490', leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Acts as a regulator of cell cycle progression and cell proliferation via its interaction with CCDN3. Phosphorylates RB1 in vitro, however the relevance of such result remains to be confirmed in vivo. May also play a role in meiosis, neuro [...] (469 aa)
RPS640S ribosomal protein S6; May play an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family. (249 aa)
ESRRBSteroid hormone receptor ERR2; [Isoform 3]: Transcription factor that binds a canonical ESRRB recognition (ERRE) sequence 5'TCAAGGTCA-3' localized on promoter and enhancer of targets genes regulating their expression or their transcription activity. Plays a role, in a LIF-independent manner, in maintainance of self-renewal and pluripotency of embryonic and trophoblast stem cells through different signaling pathways including FGF signaling pathway and Wnt signaling pathways. Upon FGF signaling pathway activation, interacts with KDM1A by directly binding to enhancer site of ELF5 and EOME [...] (508 aa)
E2F6Transcription factor E2F6; Inhibitor of E2F-dependent transcription. Binds DNA cooperatively with DP proteins through the E2 recognition site, 5'- TTTC[CG]CGC-3'. Has a preference for the 5'-TTTCCCGC-3' E2F recognition site. E2F6 lacks the transcriptional activation and pocket protein binding domains. Appears to regulate a subset of E2F-dependent genes whose products are required for entry into the cell cycle but not for normal cell cycle progression. May silence expression via the recruitment of a chromatin remodeling complex containing histone H3-K9 methyltransferase activity. Overex [...] (281 aa)
LZTS1Leucine zipper putative tumor suppressor 1; Involved in the regulation of cell growth. May stabilize the active CDC2-cyclin B1 complex and thereby contribute to the regulation of the cell cycle and the prevention of uncontrolled cell proliferation. May act as a tumor suppressor. (596 aa)
UBE2L3Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 L3. (212 aa)
WEE1Wee1-like protein kinase; Acts as a negative regulator of entry into mitosis (G2 to M transition) by protecting the nucleus from cytoplasmically activated cyclin B1-complexed CDK1 before the onset of mitosis by mediating phosphorylation of CDK1 on 'Tyr-15'. Specifically phosphorylates and inactivates cyclin B1-complexed CDK1 reaching a maximum during G2 phase and a minimum as cells enter M phase. Phosphorylation of cyclin B1-CDK1 occurs exclusively on 'Tyr-15' and phosphorylation of monomeric CDK1 does not occur. Its activity increases during S and G2 phases and decreases at M phase wh [...] (646 aa)
PBX1Pre-B-cell leukemia transcription factor 1; Binds the sequence 5'-ATCAATCAA-3'. Acts as a transcriptional activator of PF4 in complex with MEIS1. Converted into a potent transcriptional activator by the (1;19) translocation. May have a role in steroidogenesis and, subsequently, sexual development and differentiation. Isoform PBX1b as part of a PDX1:PBX1b:MEIS2b complex in pancreatic acinar cells is involved in the transcriptional activation of the ELA1 enhancer; the complex binds to the enhancer B element and cooperates with the transcription factor 1 complex (PTF1) bound to the enhanc [...] (430 aa)
CDK15Cyclin-dependent kinase 15; Serine/threonine-protein kinase that acts like an antiapoptotic protein that counters TRAIL/TNFSF10-induced apoptosis by inducing phosphorylation of BIRC5 at 'Thr-34'. (429 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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