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ZBTB49 ZBTB49 NME1 NME1 NME9 NME9 ENTPD5 ENTPD5 UPP1 UPP1 APOBEC3B APOBEC3B UPB1 UPB1 ACPP ACPP DCTPP1 DCTPP1 DHFR2 DHFR2 SHMT1 SHMT1 TYMS TYMS APOBEC3F APOBEC3F OGG1 OGG1 UCKL1 UCKL1 AK5 AK5 NEIL1 NEIL1 DCTD DCTD ENTPD4 ENTPD4 TPK1 TPK1 MTOR MTOR APOBEC3C APOBEC3C NME7 NME7 UCK2 UCK2 TKTL1 TKTL1 DPYD DPYD DTYMK DTYMK TK2 TK2 THTPA THTPA DCK DCK NEIL2 NEIL2 DPYS DPYS NME5 NME5 CAD CAD CMPK2 CMPK2 CDADC1 CDADC1 MBD4 MBD4 NT5C NT5C APOBEC2 APOBEC2 UNG UNG TBPL1 TBPL1 SLC19A2 SLC19A2 UMPS UMPS AICDA AICDA APOBEC1 APOBEC1 NME4 NME4 NME3 NME3 DHODH DHODH NTHL1 NTHL1 APOBEC3D APOBEC3D MAPK1 MAPK1 ENTPD7 ENTPD7 CMPK1 CMPK1 UCK1 UCK1 PRPS1 PRPS1 TET1 TET1 CDA CDA DUT DUT AK3 AK3 NT5M NT5M TDG TDG NME2 NME2 NME1-NME2 NME1-NME2 TYMP TYMP APOBEC3A APOBEC3A APOBEC3G APOBEC3G SLC25A19 SLC25A19 APOBEC3H APOBEC3H TET3 TET3 CTPS2 CTPS2 CPS1 CPS1 ENPP3 ENPP3 NME6 NME6 SMUG1 SMUG1 TET2 TET2 ALDH6A1 ALDH6A1 ERH ERH TK1 TK1 UPP2 UPP2 NT5C3A NT5C3A SLC19A3 SLC19A3 CTPS1 CTPS1
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ZBTB49Zinc finger and BTB domain-containing protein 49; Transcription factor. Inhibits cell proliferation by activating either CDKN1A/p21 transcription or RB1 transcription. [Isoform 3]: Activates RB1 transcription most probably by antagonizing ZBTB17 repression of RB1. Does not bind directly RB1 promoter; Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (765 aa)
NME1Nucleoside diphosphate kinase A; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Possesses nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for n [...] (177 aa)
NME9Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 6; May be a regulator of microtubule physiology; Belongs to the NDK family. (330 aa)
ENTPD5Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 5; Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N- glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. The nucleotide hydrolyzing preference is GDP > IDP > UDP, but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thia [...] (428 aa)
UPP1Uridine phosphorylase 1; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. (310 aa)
APOBEC3BDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3B; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamin [...] (382 aa)
UPB1Beta-ureidopropionase; Catalyzes a late step in pyrimidine degradation. Converts N-carbamoyl-beta-alanine (3-ureidopropanoate) into beta-alanine, ammonia and carbon dioxide. Likewise, converts N-carbamoyl-beta- aminoisobutyrate (3-ureidoisobutyrate) into beta-aminoisobutyrate, ammonia and carbon dioxide (Probable). Belongs to the carbon-nitrogen hydrolase superfamily. BUP family. (384 aa)
ACPPProstatic acid phosphatase; A non-specific tyrosine phosphatase that dephosphorylates a diverse number of substrates under acidic conditions (pH 4-6) including alkyl, aryl, and acyl orthophosphate monoesters and phosphorylated proteins. Has lipid phosphatase activity and inactivates lysophosphatidic acid in seminal plasma; Belongs to the histidine acid phosphatase family. (418 aa)
DCTPP1dCTP pyrophosphatase 1; Hydrolyzes deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to the corresponding nucleoside monophosphates. Has a strong preference for dCTP and its analogs including 5-iodo-dCTP and 5-methyl-dCTP for which it may even have a higher efficiency. May protect DNA or RNA against the incorporation of these genotoxic nucleotide analogs through their catabolism. (170 aa)
DHFR2Dihydrofolate reductase 2, mitochondrial; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFR. (187 aa)
SHMT1Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic; Interconversion of serine and glycine. (483 aa)
TYMSThymidylate synthase; Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. (313 aa)
APOBEC3FDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3F; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels [...] (373 aa)
OGG1DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase; DNA repair enzyme that incises DNA at 8-oxoG residues. Excises 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-N- methylformamidopyrimidine (FAPY) from damaged DNA. Has a beta-lyase activity that nicks DNA 3' to the lesion; Belongs to the type-1 OGG1 family. (424 aa)
UCKL1Uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1; May contribute to UTP accumulation needed for blast transformation and proliferation; Belongs to the uridine kinase family. (548 aa)
AK5Adenylate kinase isoenzyme 5; Nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinase that catalyzes the reversible transfer of the terminal phosphate group between nucleoside triphosphates and monophosphates. Active on AMP and dAMP with ATP as a donor. When GTP is used as phosphate donor, the enzyme phosphorylates AMP, CMP, and to a small extent dCMP. Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. (562 aa)
NEIL1Endonuclease 8-like 1; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Acts as DNA glycosylase that recognizes and removes damaged bases. Has a preference for oxidized pyrimidines, such as thymine glycol, formamidopyrimidine (Fapy) and 5-hydroxyuracil. Has marginal activity towards 8-oxoguanine. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with both 3'- and 5'-phosphates. Has DNA glycosylase/ly [...] (390 aa)
DCTDDeoxycytidylate deaminase; Supplies the nucleotide substrate for thymidylate synthetase. (189 aa)
ENTPD4Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4; Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5'-diphosphates, nucleoside 5'-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP >> GDP = CDP = TDP, AMP, ADP, ATP and UMP are not substrates. Preferred substrates for isoform 2 are CTP, UDP, CDP, GTP and GDP, while isoform 1 utilizes UTP and TTP; Belongs to the GDA1/CD39 NTPase family. (616 aa)
TPK1Thiamin pyrophosphokinase 1; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of thiamine to thiamine pyrophosphate. Can also catalyze the phosphorylation of pyrithiamine to pyrithiamine pyrophosphate. (243 aa)
MTORSerine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR; Serine/threonine protein kinase which is a central regulator of cellular metabolism, growth and survival in response to hormones, growth factors, nutrients, energy and stress signals. MTOR directly or indirectly regulates the phosphorylation of at least 800 proteins. Functions as part of 2 structurally and functionally distinct signaling complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 (mTOR complex 1 and 2). Activated mTORC1 up-regulates protein synthesis by phosphorylating key regulators of mRNA translation and ribosome synthesis. This includes phosphorylation of EIF [...] (2549 aa)
APOBEC3CDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamin [...] (190 aa)
NME7Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate; Belongs to the NDK family. (376 aa)
UCK2Uridine-cytidine kinase 2; Phosphorylates uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate and cytidine monophosphate. Does not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides. Can use ATP or GTP as a phosphate donor. Can also phosphorylate cytidine and uridine nucleoside analogs such as 6- azauridine, 5-fluorouridine, 4-thiouridine, 5-bromouridine, N(4)- acetylcytidine, N(4)-benzoylcytidine, 5-fluorocytidine, 2-thiocytidine, 5-methylcytidine, and N(4)-anisoylcytidine; Belongs to the uridine kinase family. (261 aa)
TKTL1Transketolase-like protein 1; Catalyzes the transfer of a two-carbon ketol group from a ketose donor to an aldose acceptor, via a covalent intermediate with the cofactor thiamine pyrophosphate; Belongs to the transketolase family. (596 aa)
DPYDDihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]; Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine. Also involved the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil; Belongs to the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase family. (1025 aa)
DTYMKThymidylate kinase; Catalyzes the conversion of dTMP to dTDP; Belongs to the thymidylate kinase family. (212 aa)
TK2Thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial; Phosphorylates thymidine, deoxycytidine, and deoxyuridine in the mitochondrial matrix. In non-replicating cells, where cytosolic dNTP synthesis is down-regulated, mtDNA synthesis depends solely on TK2 and DGUOK. Widely used as target of antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents; Belongs to the DCK/DGK family. (265 aa)
THTPAThiamine-triphosphatase; Hydrolase highly specific for thiamine triphosphate (ThTP). Belongs to the ThTPase family. (230 aa)
DCKDeoxycytidine kinase; Required for the phosphorylation of the deoxyribonucleosides deoxycytidine (dC), deoxyguanosine (dG) and deoxyadenosine (dA). Has broad substrate specificity, and does not display selectivity based on the chirality of the substrate. It is also an essential enzyme for the phosphorylation of numerous nucleoside analogs widely employed as antiviral and chemotherapeutic agents; Belongs to the DCK/DGK family. (260 aa)
NEIL2Endonuclease 8-like 2; Involved in base excision repair of DNA damaged by oxidation or by mutagenic agents. Has DNA glycosylase activity towards 5- hydroxyuracil and other oxidized derivatives of cytosine with a preference for mismatched double-stranded DNA (DNA bubbles). Has low or no DNA glycosylase activity towards thymine glycol, 2-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine. Has AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) lyase activity and introduces nicks in the DNA strand. Cleaves the DNA backbone by beta-delta elimination to generate a single-strand break at the site of the removed base with [...] (332 aa)
DPYSDihydropyrimidinase; Catalyzes the second step of the reductive pyrimidine degradation, the reversible hydrolytic ring opening of dihydropyrimidines. Can catalyze the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil to N-carbamyl-alanine and of 5,6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamyl-amino isobutyrate. (519 aa)
NME5Nucleoside diphosphate kinase homolog 5; Does not seem to have NDK kinase activity. Confers protection from cell death by Bax and alters the cellular levels of several antioxidant enzymes including Gpx5. May play a role in spermiogenesis by increasing the ability of late-stage spermatids to eliminate reactive oxygen species (By similarity). (212 aa)
CADGlutamine-dependent carbamoyl-phosphate synthase; This protein is a 'fusion' protein encoding four enzymatic activities of the pyrimidine pathway (GATase, CPSase, ATCase and DHOase); In the central section; belongs to the metallo-dependent hydrolases superfamily. DHOase family. CAD subfamily. (2225 aa)
CMPK2UMP-CMP kinase 2, mitochondrial; May participate in dUTP and dCTP synthesis in mitochondria. Is able to phosphorylate dUMP, dCMP, CMP, UMP and monophosphates of the pyrimidine nucleoside analogs ddC, dFdC, araC, BVDU and FdUrd with ATP as phosphate donor. Efficacy is highest for dUMP followed by dCMP; CMP and UMP are poor substrates. May be involved in mtDNA depletion caused by long term treatment with ddC or other pyrimidine analogs. Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. (449 aa)
CDADC1Cytidine and dCMP deaminase domain-containing protein 1; May play an important role in testicular development and spermatogenesis; Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (514 aa)
MBD4Methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 4; Mismatch-specific DNA N-glycosylase involved in DNA repair. Has thymine glycosylase activity and is specific for G:T mismatches within methylated and unmethylated CpG sites. Can also remove uracil or 5-fluorouracil in G:U mismatches. Has no lyase activity. Was first identified as methyl-CpG-binding protein. (580 aa)
NT5C5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, cytosolic type; Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP. (201 aa)
APOBEC2C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-2; Probable C to U editing enzyme whose physiological substrate is not yet known. Does not display detectable apoB mRNA editing. Has a low intrinsic cytidine deaminase activity. May play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation. (224 aa)
UNGUracil-DNA glycosylase; Excises uracil residues from the DNA which can arise as a result of misincorporation of dUMP residues by DNA polymerase or due to deamination of cytosine. (313 aa)
TBPL1TATA box-binding protein-like protein 1; Part of a specialized transcription system that mediates the transcription of most ribosomal proteins through the 5'-TCT-3' motif which is a core promoter element at these genes. Seems to also mediate the transcription of NF1. Does not bind the TATA box. (186 aa)
SLC19A2Thiamine transporter 1; High-affinity transporter for the intake of thiamine. (497 aa)
UMPSOrotidine 5'-phosphate decarboxylase; Uridine monophosphate synthetase; In the C-terminal section; belongs to the OMP decarboxylase family. (480 aa)
AICDASingle-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase; Single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase. Involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes by deaminating C to U during transcription of Ig-variable (V) and Ig-switch (S) region DNA. Required for several crucial steps of B-cell terminal differentiation necessary for efficient antibody responses. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation. (198 aa)
APOBEC1C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1; Catalytic component of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex which is responsible for the postranscriptional editing of a CAA codon for Gln to a UAA codon for stop in the APOB mRNA. Also involved in CGA (Arg) to UGA (Stop) editing in the NF1 mRNA. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation; Belongs to the cytidine and deoxycytidylate deaminase family. (236 aa)
NME4Nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondrial; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Through the catalyzed exchange of gamma-phosphate between di- and triphosphonucleosides participates in regulation of intracellular nucleotide homeostasis. Binds to anionic phospholipids, predominantly to cardiolipin; the binding inhibits its phosphotransfer activity. Acts as mitochondria-specific NDK; its association with cardioli [...] (187 aa)
NME3Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Probably has a role in normal hematopoiesis by inhibition of granulocyte differentiation and induction of apoptosis; Belongs to the NDK family. (169 aa)
DHODHDihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone), mitochondrial; Catalyzes the conversion of dihydroorotate to orotate with quinone as electron acceptor. (395 aa)
NTHL1Endonuclease III-like protein 1; Bifunctional DNA N-glycosylase with associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase function that catalyzes the first step in base excision repair (BER), the primary repair pathway for the repair of oxidative DNA damage. The DNA N-glycosylase activity releases the damaged DNA base from DNA by cleaving the N-glycosidic bond, leaving an AP site. The AP-lyase activity cleaves the phosphodiester bond 3' to the AP site by a beta-elimination. Primarily recognizes and repairs oxidative base damage of pyrimidines. Has also 8-oxo-7,8- dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) DNA gly [...] (312 aa)
APOBEC3DDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3D; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental levels [...] (386 aa)
MAPK1Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (360 aa)
ENTPD7Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 7; Preferentially hydrolyzes nucleoside 5'-triphosphates. The order of activity with respect to possible substrates is UTP > GTP > CTP. (604 aa)
CMPK1UMP-CMP kinase; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphates at the expense of ATP. Plays an important role in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis. Has preference for UMP and CMP as phosphate acceptors. Also displays broad nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity. (228 aa)
UCK1Uridine-cytidine kinase 1; Phosphorylates uridine and cytidine to uridine monophosphate and cytidine monophosphate. Does not phosphorylate deoxyribonucleosides or purine ribonucleosides. Can use ATP or GTP as a phosphate donor. Can also phosphorylate cytidine and uridine nucleoside analogs such as 6- azauridine, 5-fluorouridine, 4-thiouridine, 5-bromouridine, N(4)- acetylcytidine, N(4)-benzoylcytidine, 5-fluorocytidine, 2-thiocytidine, 5-methylcytidine, and N(4)-anisoylcytidine; Belongs to the uridine kinase family. (282 aa)
PRPS1Ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase 1; Catalyzes the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) that is essential for nucleotide synthesis; Belongs to the ribose-phosphate pyrophosphokinase family. (318 aa)
TET1Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET1; Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation. Methylation at the C5 position of cytosine bases is an epigenetic modification of the mammalian genome which plays an important role in transcription [...] (2136 aa)
CDACytidine deaminase; This enzyme scavenges exogenous and endogenous cytidine and 2'-deoxycytidine for UMP synthesis. (146 aa)
DUTDeoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial; This enzyme is involved in nucleotide metabolism: it produces dUMP, the immediate precursor of thymidine nucleotides and it decreases the intracellular concentration of dUTP so that uracil cannot be incorporated into DNA. (252 aa)
AK3GTP:AMP phosphotransferase AK3, mitochondrial; Involved in maintaining the homeostasis of cellular nucleotides by catalyzing the interconversion of nucleoside phosphates. Has GTP:AMP phosphotransferase and ITP:AMP phosphotransferase activities; Belongs to the adenylate kinase family. AK3 subfamily. (227 aa)
NT5M5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, mitochondrial; Dephosphorylates specifically the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, and so protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. Has only marginal activity towards dIMP and dGMP. (228 aa)
TDGG/T mismatch-specific thymine DNA glycosylase; DNA glycosylase that plays a key role in active DNA demethylation: specifically recognizes and binds 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) in the context of CpG sites and mediates their excision through base-excision repair (BER) to install an unmethylated cytosine. Cannot remove 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). According to an alternative model, involved in DNA demethylation by mediating DNA glycolase activity toward 5-hydroxymethyluracil (5hmU) produced by deamination of 5hmC. Also involved in DNA repair by acting as a thym [...] (410 aa)
NME2Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate (By similarity). Negatively regulates Rho activity by interacting with AKAP13/LBC. Acts as a transcriptional activator of the MYC gene; binds DNA non-specifically. Binds to both single-stranded guanine- and cytosine-rich strands within the nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) III(1) region of the MYC gene promoter. Does not bind to duplex NHE I [...] (152 aa)
NME1-NME2Nucleoside diphosphate kinase; NME1-NME2 readthrough. (267 aa)
TYMPThymidine phosphorylase; May have a role in maintaining the integrity of the blood vessels. Has growth promoting activity on endothelial cells, angiogenic activity in vivo and chemotactic activity on endothelial cells in vitro. (487 aa)
APOBEC3ADNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3A; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) with restriction activity against viruses, foreign DNA and mobility of retrotransposons. Exhibits antiviral activity against adeno-associated virus (AAV) and human T- cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons. Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and can deaminate both methylcytosine and cytosine in foreign DNA. Can induce somatic hypermutation in the nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression thro [...] (199 aa)
APOBEC3GDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3G; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Exhibits potent antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resultant detrimental [...] (384 aa)
SLC25A19Mitochondrial thiamine pyrophosphate carrier; Mitochondrial transporter mediating uptake of thiamine pyrophosphate (ThPP) into mitochondria. (320 aa)
APOBEC3HDNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3H; DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase- dependent and -independent mechanisms. The A3H-var/haplotype 2 exhibits antiviral activity against vif-deficient HIV-1. After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA. The resu [...] (200 aa)
TET3Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET3; Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in epigenetic chromatin reprogramming in the zygote following fertilization. Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5- carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation (By similarity). Selectively binds to the promoter region of target genes and contributes to regulate [...] (1795 aa)
CTPS2CTP synthase 2; Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Constitutes the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cytosine nucleotides. (586 aa)
CPS1Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase [ammonia], mitochondrial; Involved in the urea cycle of ureotelic animals where the enzyme plays an important role in removing excess ammonia from the cell. (1506 aa)
ENPP3Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3; Hydrolase that metabolizes extracellular nucleotides, including ATP, GTP, UTP and CTP. Limits mast cell and basophil responses during inflammation and during the chronic phases of allergic responses by eliminating the extracellular ATP that functions as signaling molecule and activates basophils and mast cells and induces the release of inflammatory cytokines. Metabolizes extracellular ATP in the lumen of the small intestine, and thereby prevents ATP-induced apoptosis of intestinal plasmacytoid dendritic cells (By simila [...] (875 aa)
NME6Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Inhibitor of p53-induced apoptosis. (194 aa)
SMUG1Single-strand selective monofunctional uracil DNA glycosylase; Recognizes base lesions in the genome and initiates base excision DNA repair. Acts as a monofunctional DNA glycosylase specific for uracil (U) residues in DNA with a preference for single-stranded DNA substrates. The activity is greater toward mismatches (U/G) compared to matches (U/A). Excises uracil (U), 5-formyluracil (fU) and uracil derivatives bearing an oxidized group at C5 [5-hydroxyuracil (hoU) and 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU)] in ssDNA and dsDNA, but not analogous cytosine derivatives (5-hydroxycytosine and 5- formy [...] (270 aa)
TET2Methylcytosine dioxygenase TET2; Dioxygenase that catalyzes the conversion of the modified genomic base 5-methylcytosine (5mC) into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and plays a key role in active DNA demethylation. Has a preference for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in CpG motifs. Also mediates subsequent conversion of 5hmC into 5-formylcytosine (5fC), and conversion of 5fC to 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC). Conversion of 5mC into 5hmC, 5fC and 5caC probably constitutes the first step in cytosine demethylation. Methylation at the C5 position of cytosine bases is an epigenetic modification of the mam [...] (2002 aa)
ALDH6A1Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [acylating], mitochondrial; Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA; Belongs to the aldehyde dehydrogenase family. (535 aa)
ERHEnhancer of rudimentary homolog; May have a role in the cell cycle; Belongs to the E(R) family. (104 aa)
TK1Thymidine kinase, cytosolic; Thymidine kinase 1; Belongs to the thymidine kinase family. (267 aa)
UPP2Uridine phosphorylase 2; Catalyzes the reversible phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine and deoxyuridine to uracil and ribose- or deoxyribose-1-phosphate. The produced molecules are then utilized as carbon and energy sources or in the rescue of pyrimidine bases for nucleotide synthesis. Shows substrate specificity and accept uridine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine as well as the two pyrimidine nucleoside analogs 5-fluorouridine and 5- fluoro-2(')-deoxyuridine as substrates. (374 aa)
NT5C3ACytosolic 5'-nucleotidase 3A; Nucleotidase which shows specific activity towards cytidine monophosphate (CMP) and 7-methylguanosine monophosphate (m(7)GMP). CMP seems to be the preferred substrate ; Belongs to the pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase family. (331 aa)
SLC19A3Thiamine transporter 2; Mediates high affinity thiamine uptake, probably via a proton anti-port mechanism. Has no folate transport activity. Belongs to the reduced folate carrier (RFC) transporter (TC 2.A.48) family. (496 aa)
CTPS1CTP synthase 1; This enzyme is involved in the de novo synthesis of CTP, a precursor of DNA, RNA and phospholipids. Catalyzes the ATP-dependent amination of UTP to CTP with either L-glutamine or ammonia as a source of nitrogen. This enzyme and its product, CTP, play a crucial role in the proliferation of activated lymphocytes and therefore in immunity. (591 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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