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| | PKP2 | Plakophilin-2; May play a role in junctional plaques. (881 aa) |
| | CEACAM1 | Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1; [Isoform 1]: Cell adhesion protein that mediates homophilic cell adhesion in a calcium-independent manner (By similarity). Plays a role as coinhibitory receptor in immune response, insulin action and functions also as an activator during angiogenesis. Its coinhibitory receptor function is phosphorylation- and PTPN6 -dependent, which in turn, suppress signal transduction of associated receptors by dephosphorylation of their downstream effectors. Plays a role in immune response, of T cells, natural killer (NK) and neutrophils. Up [...] (526 aa) |
| | VCL | Vinculin; Actin filament (F-actin)-binding protein involved in cell- matrix adhesion and cell-cell adhesion. Regulates cell-surface E- cadherin expression and potentiates mechanosensing by the E-cadherin complex. May also play important roles in cell morphology and locomotion; Belongs to the vinculin/alpha-catenin family. (1134 aa) |
| | PNN | Pinin; Transcriptional activator binding to the E-box 1 core sequence of the E-cadherin promoter gene; the core-binding sequence is 5'CAGGTG-3'. Capable of reversing CTBP1-mediated transcription repression. Auxiliary component of the splicing-dependent multiprotein exon junction complex (EJC) deposited at splice junction on mRNAs. The EJC is a dynamic structure consisting of core proteins and several peripheral nuclear and cytoplasmic associated factors that join the complex only transiently either during EJC assembly or during subsequent mRNA metabolism. Participates in the regulation [...] (717 aa) |
| | PARD6A | Partitioning defective 6 homolog alpha; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Probably involved in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Association with PARD3 may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins. Regulates centrosome organization and function. Essential for the centrosomal recruitment of key proteins that control centrosomal microtubule organization ; Belongs to the PAR6 family. (346 aa) |
| | LIN7B | Protein lin-7 homolog B; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may funct [...] (207 aa) |
| | RASIP1 | Ras-interacting protein 1; Required for the proper formation of vascular structures that develop via both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Acts as a critical and vascular-specific regulator of GTPase signaling, cell architecture, and adhesion, which is essential for endothelial cell morphogenesis and blood vessel tubulogenesis. Regulates the activity of Rho GTPases in part by recruiting ARHGAP29 and suppressing RhoA signaling and dampening ROCK and MYH9 activities in endothelial cells (By similarity). May act as effector for Golgi-bound HRAS and other Ras- like proteins. May promote HR [...] (963 aa) |
| | SIPA1L3 | Signal-induced proliferation-associated 1-like protein 3; Plays a critical role in epithelial cell morphogenesis, polarity, adhesion and cytoskeletal organization in the lens. (1781 aa) |
| | CADM4 | Cell adhesion molecule 4; Involved in the cell-cell adhesion. Has calcium- and magnesium-independent cell-cell adhesion activity. May have tumor- suppressor activity. (388 aa) |
| | RANGRF | Ran guanine nucleotide release factor; May regulate the intracellular trafficking of RAN. Promotes guanine nucleotide release from RAN and inhibits binding of new GTP by preventing the binding of the RAN guanine nucleotide exchange factor RCC1. Regulates the levels of GTP-bound RAN in the nucleus, and thereby plays a role in the regulation of RAN-dependent mitotic spindle dynamics. Enhances the expression of SCN5A at the cell membrane in cardiomyocytes. Belongs to the MOG1 family. (186 aa) |
| | PANX1 | Pannexin-1; Structural component of the gap junctions and the hemichannels. May play a role as a Ca(2+)-leak channel to regulate ER Ca(2+) homeostasis. (426 aa) |
| | YBX3 | Y-box-binding protein 3; Binds to the GM-CSF promoter. Seems to act as a repressor. Binds also to full-length mRNA and to short RNA sequences containing the consensus site 5'-UCCAUCA-3'. May have a role in translation repression (By similarity). (372 aa) |
| | GJA3 | Gap junction alpha-3 protein; Structural component of lens fiber gap junctions. Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells (By similarity). They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane. Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore ; Belongs to the connexin family. Alpha-type (group II) subfamily. (435 aa) |
| | SYMPK | Symplekin; Scaffold protein that functions as a component of a multimolecular complex involved in histone mRNA 3'-end processing. Specific component of the tight junction (TJ) plaque, but might not be an exclusively junctional component. May have a house-keeping rule. Is involved in pre-mRNA polyadenylation. Enhances SSU72 phosphatase activity. (1274 aa) |
| | WNK4 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4; Serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival and proliferation. Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively. Activates SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D, SGK1, TRPV5 and TRPV6. Regulates the activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, SLC12A3, by phosphorylation which appears to prevent membrane trafficking of SLC12A3. Also inhibits the renal K(+) channel, KCNJ1, via a kinase-in [...] (1243 aa) |
| | SIRT2 | NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase, which deacetylates internal lysines on histone and alpha-tubulin as well as many other proteins such as key transcription factors. Participates in the modulation of multiple and diverse biological processes such as cell cycle control, genomic integrity, microtubule dynamics, cell differentiation, metabolic networks, and autophagy. Plays a major role in the control of cell cycle progression and genomic stability. Functions in the antephase checkpoint preventing precocious mitotic entry in response to microtu [...] (389 aa) |
| | SNAP23 | Synaptosomal-associated protein 23; Essential component of the high affinity receptor for the general membrane fusion machinery and an important regulator of transport vesicle docking and fusion; Belongs to the SNAP-25 family. (211 aa) |
| | RAP1B | Ras-related protein Rap-1b; GTP-binding protein that possesses intrinsic GTPase activity. Contributes to the polarizing activity of KRIT1 and CDH5 in the establishment and maintenance of correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lumen. Required for the localization of phosphorylated PRKCZ, PARD3 and TIAM1 to the cell junction. Plays a role in the establishment of basal endothelial barrier function; Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Ras family. (184 aa) |
| | KCNA5 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes. Forms tetrameric potassium- selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form functional homotetrameric channels and heterotetrameric channels that contain variable proportions of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA4, KCNA5, and possibly other family members as well [...] (613 aa) |
| | NECTIN2 | Nectin-2; Modulator of T-cell signaling. Can be either a costimulator of T-cell function, or a coinhibitor, depending on the receptor it binds to. Upon binding to CD226, stimulates T-cell proliferation and cytokine production, including that of IL2, IL5, IL10, IL13, and IFNG. Upon interaction with PVRIG, inhibits T-cell proliferation. These interactions are competitive. Probable cell adhesion protein ; Belongs to the nectin family. (538 aa) |
| | JAG1 | Protein jagged-1; Ligand for multiple Notch receptors and involved in the mediation of Notch signaling. May be involved in cell-fate decisions during hematopoiesis. Seems to be involved in early and late stages of mammalian cardiovascular development. Inhibits myoblast differentiation (By similarity). Enhances fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis (in vitro). (1218 aa) |
| | DSG3 | Desmoglein-3; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. (999 aa) |
| | DSG1 | Desmoglein-1; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. (1049 aa) |
| | DSC1 | Desmocollin-1; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. May contribute to epidermal cell positioning (stratification) by mediating differential adhesiveness between cells that express different isoforms. Linked to the keratinization of epithelial tissues. (894 aa) |
| | APC | Adenomatous polyposis coli protein; Tumor suppressor. Promotes rapid degradation of CTNNB1 and participates in Wnt signaling as a negative regulator. APC activity is correlated with its phosphorylation state. Activates the GEF activity of SPATA13 and ARHGEF4. Plays a role in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)- induced cell migration. Required for MMP9 up-regulation via the JNK signaling pathway in colorectal tumor cells. Acts as a mediator of ERBB2-dependent stabilization of microtubules at the cell cortex. It is required for the localization of MACF1 to the cell membrane and this localiza [...] (2843 aa) |
| | CCN3 | CCN family member 3; Immediate-early protein playing a role in various cellular processes including proliferation, adhesion, migration, differentiation and survival. Acts by binding to integrins or membrane receptors such as NOTCH1. Essential regulator of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell function. Inhibits myogenic differentiation through the activation of Notch-signaling pathway. Inhibits vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation by increasing expression of cell-cycle regulators such as CDKN2B or CDKN1A independently of TGFB1 signaling. Ligand of integrins ITGAV:ITGB3 and ITGA5 [...] (357 aa) |
| | DSG2 | Desmoglein-2; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. (1118 aa) |
| | MPP5 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5; Plays a role in tight junction biogenesis and in the establishment of cell polarity in epithelial cells. Also involved in adherens junction biogenesis by ensuring correct localization of the exocyst complex protein EXOC4/SEC8 which allows trafficking of adherens junction structural component CDH1 to the cell surface (By similarity). Plays a role through its interaction with CDH5 in vascular lumen formation and endothelial membrane polarity. Required during embryonic and postnatal retinal development (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of cerebell [...] (675 aa) |
| | CDH1 | Cadherin-1; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. CDH1 is involved in mechanisms regulating cell-cell adhesions, mobility and proliferation of epithelial cells. Has a potent invasive suppressor role. It is a ligand for integrin alpha-E/beta-7. (Microbial infection) Serves as a receptor for Listeria monocytogenes; internalin A (InlA) binds to this protein and promotes uptake of the bacteria. (882 aa) |
| | FAT2 | Protocadherin Fat 2; Involved in the regulation of cell migration. May be involved in mediating the organization of the parallel fibers of granule cells during cerebellar development (By similarity). (4349 aa) |
| | UBN1 | Ubinuclein-1; Acts as a novel regulator of senescence. Involved in the formation of senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF), which represses expression of proliferation-promoting genes. Binds to proliferation-promoting genes. May be required for replication- independent chromatin assembly. (1134 aa) |
| | HPN | Serine protease hepsin non-catalytic chain; Serine protease that cleaves extracellular substrates, and contributes to the proteolytic processing of growth factors, such as HGF and MST1/HGFL. Plays a role in cell growth and maintenance of cell morphology. Plays a role in the proteolytic processing of ACE2. Mediates the proteolytic cleavage of urinary UMOD that is required for UMOD polymerization. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (417 aa) |
| | AJUBA | LIM domain-containing protein ajuba; Adapter or scaffold protein which participates in the assembly of numerous protein complexes and is involved in several cellular processes such as cell fate determination, cytoskeletal organization, repression of gene transcription, mitosis, cell-cell adhesion, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Contributes to the linking and/or strengthening of epithelia cell-cell junctions in part by linking adhesive receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. May be involved in signal transduction from cell adhesion sites to the nucleus. Plays an importa [...] (538 aa) |
| | MAP2K2 | Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2; Catalyzes the concomitant phosphorylation of a threonine and a tyrosine residue in a Thr-Glu-Tyr sequence located in MAP kinases. Activates the ERK1 and ERK2 MAP kinases (By similarity). Activates BRAF in a KSR1 or KSR2-dependent manner; by binding to KSR1 or KSR2 releases the inhibitory intramolecular interaction between KSR1 or KSR2 protein kinase and N-terminal domains which promotes KSR1 or KSR2-BRAF dimerization and BRAF activation. (400 aa) |
| | ARVCF | Armadillo repeat protein deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome; Involved in protein-protein interactions at adherens junctions; Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (962 aa) |
| | EPCAM | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule; May act as a physical homophilic interaction molecule between intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) at the mucosal epithelium for providing immunological barrier as a first line of defense against mucosal infection. Plays a role in embryonic stem cells proliferation and differentiation. Up-regulates the expression of FABP5, MYC and cyclins A and E. (314 aa) |
| | STRN | Striatin; Calmodulin-binding protein which may function as scaffolding or signaling protein and may play a role in dendritic Ca(2+) signaling; Belongs to the WD repeat striatin family. (780 aa) |
| | PKP1 | Plakophilin-1; Seems to play a role in junctional plaques. Contributes to epidermal morphogenesis. (747 aa) |
| | NECTIN1 | Nectin-1; Promotes cell-cell contacts by forming homophilic or heterophilic trans-dimers. Heterophilic interactions have been detected between NECTIN1 and NECTIN3 and between NECTIN1 and NECTIN4. Has some neurite outgrowth-promoting activity; Belongs to the nectin family. (517 aa) |
| | RAPGEF2 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2; Functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates Rap and Ras family of small GTPases by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP in a cAMP-dependent manner. Serves as a link between cell surface receptors and Rap/Ras GTPases in intracellular signaling cascades. Acts also as an effector for Rap1 by direct association with Rap1-GTP thereby leading to the amplification of Rap1-mediated signaling. Shows weak activity on HRAS. It is controversial whether RAPGEF2 binds cAMP and cGMP or not. Its binding to ligand-activated beta-1 adr [...] (1499 aa) |
| | CNTNAP1 | Contactin-associated protein 1; Required, with CNTNAP2, for radial and longitudinal organization of myelinated axons. Plays a role in the formation of functional distinct domains critical for saltatory conduction of nerve impulses in myelinated nerve fibers. Demarcates the paranodal region of the axo-glial junction. In association with contactin involved in the signaling between axons and myelinating glial cells. (1384 aa) |
| | CLDN16 | Claudin-16; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Involved in paracellular magnesium reabsorption. Required for a selective paracellular conductance. May form, alone or in partnership with other constituents, an intercellular pore permitting paracellular passage of magnesium and calcium ions down their electrochemical gradients. Alternatively, it could be a sensor of magnesium concentration that could alter paracellular permeability mediated by other factors. (305 aa) |
| | ADD1 | Alpha-adducin; Membrane-cytoskeleton-associated protein that promotes the assembly of the spectrin-actin network. Binds to calmodulin. (768 aa) |
| | GOLPH3 | Golgi phosphoprotein 3; Phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate-binding protein that links Golgi membranes to the cytoskeleton and may participate in the tensile force required for vesicle budding from the Golgi. Thereby, may play a role in Golgi membrane trafficking and could indirectly give its flattened shape to the Golgi apparatus. May also bind to the coatomer to regulate Golgi membrane trafficking. May play a role in anterograde transport from the Golgi to the plasma membrane and regulate secretion. Has also been involved in the control of the localization of Golgi enzymes through inter [...] (298 aa) |
| | AHI1 | Jouberin; Involved in vesicle trafficking and required for ciliogenesis, formation of primary non-motile cilium, and recruitment of RAB8A to the basal body of primary cilium. Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Involved in neuronal differentiation. As a positive modulator of classical Wnt signaling, may play a crucial role in ciliary signaling during cerebellum embryonic development. (1196 aa) |
| | IQGAP1 | Ras GTPase-activating-like protein IQGAP1; Plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamics and assembly of the actin cytoskeleton. Binds to activated CDC42 but does not stimulate its GTPase activity. It associates with calmodulin. Could serve as an assembly scaffold for the organization of a multimolecular complex that would interface incoming signals to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane. May promote neurite outgrowth. May play a possible role in cell cycle regulation by contributing to cell cycle progression after DNA replication arrest. (1657 aa) |
| | CDH2 | Cadherin-2; Calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein; preferentially mediates homotypic cell-cell adhesion by dimerization with a CDH2 chain from another cell. Cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Acts as a regulator of neural stem cells quiescence by mediating anchorage of neural stem cells to ependymocytes in the adult subependymal zone: upon cleavage by MMP24, CDH2-mediated anchorage is affected, leading to modulate neural stem cell quiescence. CDH2 may be involved in neuronal recognition mechanism. In hippocampal neurons, may regulate dendritic s [...] (906 aa) |
| | ILDR2 | Immunoglobulin-like domain-containing receptor 2; May be involved in lipid homeostasis and ER stress pathways. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. LISCH7 family. (639 aa) |
| | CGN | Cingulin; Probably plays a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier; Belongs to the cingulin family. (1203 aa) |
| | LIMD1 | LIM domain-containing protein 1; Adapter or scaffold protein which participates in the assembly of numerous protein complexes and is involved in several cellular processes such as cell fate determination, cytoskeletal organization, repression of gene transcription, cell-cell adhesion, cell differentiation, proliferation and migration. Positively regulates microRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene silencing and is essential for P-body formation and integrity. Acts as a hypoxic regulator by bridging an association between the prolyl hydroxylases and VHL enabling efficient degradation of HIF1A. Acts [...] (676 aa) |
| | TMEM47 | Transmembrane protein 47; Regulates cell junction organization in epithelial cells. May play a role in the transition from adherens junction to tight junction assembly. May regulate F-actin polymerization required for tight junctional localization dynamics and affect the junctional localization of PARD6B. During podocyte differentiation may negatively regulate activity of FYN and subsequently the abundance of nephrin (By similarity); Belongs to the TMEM47 family. (181 aa) |
| | LIN7C | Protein lin-7 homolog C; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may funct [...] (197 aa) |
| | PAK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby media [...] (553 aa) |
| | ESAM | Endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule; Can mediate aggregation most likely through a homophilic molecular interaction. (390 aa) |
| | ANK3 | Ankyrin-3; In skeletal muscle, required for costamere localization of DMD and betaDAG1 (By similarity). Membrane-cytoskeleton linker. May participate in the maintenance/targeting of ion channels and cell adhesion molecules at the nodes of Ranvier and axonal initial segments. Regulates KCNA1 channel activity in function of dietary Mg(2+) levels, and thereby contributes to the regulation of renal Mg(2+) reabsorption. (4377 aa) |
| | DSC2 | Desmocollin-2; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. May contribute to epidermal cell positioning (stratification) by mediating differential adhesiveness between cells that express different isoforms. (901 aa) |
| | GJA1 | Gap junction alpha-1 protein; Gap junction protein that acts as a regulator of bladder capacity. A gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. May play a critical role in the physiology of hearing by participating in the recycling of potassium to the cochlear endolymph. Negative regulator of bladder functional capacity: acts by enhancing intercellular electrical and chemical transmission, thus sensitizing bladder muscles to cholinergic neural stimuli a [...] (382 aa) |
| | PANX3 | Pannexin-3; Structural component of the gap junctions and the hemichannels; Belongs to the pannexin family. (392 aa) |
| | CXADR | Coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor; Component of the epithelial apical junction complex that may function as a homophilic cell adhesion molecule and is essential for tight junction integrity. Also involved in transepithelial migration of leukocytes through adhesive interactions with JAML a transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes. The interaction between both receptors also mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downs [...] (365 aa) |
| | CLDN17 | Claudin-17; Channel-forming tight junction protein with selectivity for anions, including chloride and bicarbonate, and for solutes smaller than 9 Angstrom in diameter. In the kidney proximal tubule, may be involved in quantitative reabsorption of filtered anions. Does not affect water permeability; Belongs to the claudin family. (224 aa) |
| | TIAM1 | T-lymphoma invasion and metastasis-inducing protein 1; Modulates the activity of RHO-like proteins and connects extracellular signals to cytoskeletal activities. Acts as a GDP- dissociation stimulator protein that stimulates the GDP-GTP exchange activity of RHO-like GTPases and activates them. Activates RAC1, CDC42, and to a lesser extent RHOA. Required for normal cell adhesion and cell migration. (1591 aa) |
| | PCDH1 | Protocadherin-1; May be involved in cell-cell interaction processes and in cell adhesion. (1237 aa) |
| | CLDN12 | Claudin-12; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (244 aa) |
| | MYO1E | Unconventional myosin-Ie; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails bind to membranous compartments, which are then moved relative to actin filaments. Binds to membranes containing anionic phospholipids via its tail domain. Required for normal morphology of the glomerular basement membrane, normal development of foot processes by kidney podocytes and normal kidney function. In dendritic cells, may control the movement of class II-containing cytoplasmic vesicles along the actin cyto [...] (1108 aa) |
| | ARHGAP17 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 17; Rho GTPase-activating protein involved in the maintenance of tight junction by regulating the activity of CDC42, thereby playing a central role in apical polarity of epithelial cells. Specifically acts as a GTPase activator for the CDC42 GTPase by converting it to an inactive GDP-bound state. The complex formed with AMOT acts by regulating the uptake of polarity proteins at tight junctions, possibly by deciding whether tight junction transmembrane proteins are recycled back to the plasma membrane or sent elsewhere. Participates in the Ca(2+)-dependent [...] (881 aa) |
| | GJD2 | Gap junction delta-2 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell; Belongs to the connexin family. Delta-type subfamily. (321 aa) |
| | CLDN1 | Claudin-1; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members play essential roles in the formation of impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN1 is required to prevent the paracellular diffusion of small molecules through tight junctions in the epidermis and is required for the normal barrier function of the skin. [...] (211 aa) |
| | ABI2 | Abl interactor 2; Regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics underlying cell motility and adhesion. Functions as a component of the WAVE complex, which activates actin nucleating machinery Arp2/3 to drive lamellipodia formation. Acts as regulator and substrate of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases ABL1 and ABL2 involved in processes linked to cell growth and differentiation. Positively regulates ABL1-mediated phosphorylation of ENAH, which is required for proper polymerization of nucleated actin filaments at the leading edge. Contributes to the regulation of actin assembly at the tips of neuro [...] (513 aa) |
| | SHROOM3 | Protein Shroom3; Controls cell shape changes in the neuroepithelium during neural tube closure. Induces apical constriction in epithelial cells by promoting the apical accumulation of F-actin and myosin II, and probably by bundling stress fibers (By similarity). Induces apicobasal cell elongation by redistributing gamma-tubulin and directing the assembly of robust apicobasal microtubule arrays (By similarity). Belongs to the shroom family. (1996 aa) |
| | CLDN19 | Claudin-19; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (224 aa) |
| | CYTH3 | Cytohesin-3; Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1 and ARF6. Promotes the activation of ARF factors through replacement of GDP with GTP. Plays a role in the epithelial polarization (By similarity). (399 aa) |
| | STEAP1 | Metalloreductase STEAP1; Metalloreductase that has the ability to reduce both Fe(3+) to Fe(2+) and Cu(2+) to Cu(1+). Uses NAD(+) as acceptor. (339 aa) |
| | MICALL2 | MICAL-like protein 2; Effector of small Rab GTPases which is involved in junctional complexes assembly through the regulation of cell adhesion molecules transport to the plasma membrane and actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Regulates the endocytic recycling of occludins, claudins and E-cadherin to the plasma membrane and may thereby regulate the establishment of tight junctions and adherens junctions. In parallel, may regulate actin cytoskeleton reorganization directly through interaction with F-actin or indirectly through actinins and filamins. Most probably involved in the processes [...] (904 aa) |
| | TMEM65 | Transmembrane protein 65; May play an important role in cardiac development and function. May regulate cardiac conduction and the function of the gap junction protein GJA1. May contribute to the stability and proper localization of GJA1 to cardiac intercalated disk thereby regulating gap junction communication (By similarity). May also play a role in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration and mitochondrial DNA copy number maintenance. (240 aa) |
| | AQP7 | Aquaporin-7; Forms a channel that mediates water and glycerol transport across cell membranes at neutral pH. The channel is also permeable to urea. Plays an important role in body energy homeostasis under conditions that promote lipid catabolism, giving rise to glycerol and free fatty acids. Mediates glycerol export from adipocytes. After release into the blood stream, glycerol is used for gluconeogenesis in the liver to maintain normal blood glucose levels and prevent fasting hypoglycemia. Required for normal glycerol reabsorption in the kidney (By similarity). Belongs to the MIP/aqua [...] (342 aa) |
| | AQP3 | Aquaporin-3; Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. Provides kidney medullary collecting duct with high permeability to water, thereby permitting water to move in the direction of an osmotic gradient. Slightly permeable to urea and may function as a water and urea exit mechanism in antidiuresis in collecting duct cells. It may play an [...] (292 aa) |
| | HEPACAM | Hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule; Involved in regulating cell motility and cell-matrix interactions. May inhibit cell growth through suppression of cell proliferation. (416 aa) |
| | JAM3 | Junctional adhesion molecule C; Junctional adhesion protein that mediates heterotypic cell- cell interactions with its cognate receptor JAM2 to regulate different cellular processes. Plays a role in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the bone marrow. At the surface of bone marrow stromal cells, it contributes to the retention of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expressing JAM3. Plays a central role in leukocytes extravasation by facilitating transmigration through the endothelium (By similarity). Plays a role in spermatogenesis where JA [...] (310 aa) |
| | CLDN10 | Claudin-10; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. Involved in the regulation of paracellular epithelia permeability to ions in multiple organs. It acts as a paracellular ion channel probably forming permselective pores; isoform 1 appears to create pores preferentially permeable to cations and isoform 2 for anions. In sweat glands and in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of Henle's loop in kidney, it controls paracellular sodium permeability which is essential for proper sweat production an [...] (228 aa) |
| | MARVELD3 | MARVEL domain containing 3. (410 aa) |
| | LGALS4 | Galectin-4; Galectin that binds lactose and a related range of sugars. May be involved in the assembly of adherens junctions. (323 aa) |
| | CTNNA1 | Catenin alpha-1; Associates with the cytoplasmic domain of a variety of cadherins. The association of catenins to cadherins produces a complex which is linked to the actin filament network, and which seems to be of primary importance for cadherins cell-adhesion properties. Can associate with both E- and N-cadherins. Originally believed to be a stable component of E-cadherin/catenin adhesion complexes and to mediate the linkage of cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton at adherens junctions. In contrast, cortical actin was found to be much more dynamic than E-cadherin/catenin complexes and [...] (906 aa) |
| | CTNND2 | Catenin delta-2; Has a critical role in neuronal development, particularly in the formation and/or maintenance of dendritic spines and synapses. Involved in the regulation of Wnt signaling. It probably acts on beta-catenin turnover, facilitating beta-catenin interaction with GSK3B, phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation (By similarity). Functions as a transcriptional activator when bound to ZBTB33 (By similarity). May be involved in neuronal cell adhesion and tissue morphogenesis and integrity by regulating adhesion molecules. (1225 aa) |
| | RND1 | Rho-related GTP-binding protein Rho6; Lacks intrinsic GTPase activity. Has a low affinity for GDP, and constitutively binds GTP. Controls rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton. Induces the Rac-dependent neuritic process formation in part by disruption of the cortical actin filaments. Causes the formation of many neuritic processes from the cell body with disruption of the cortical actin filaments. (232 aa) |
| | HEG1 | Protein HEG homolog 1; Receptor component of the CCM signaling pathway which is a crucial regulator of heart and vessel formation and integrity May act through the stabilization of endothelial cell junctions. (1381 aa) |
| | CCDC85B | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 85B; Functions as a transcriptional repressor. May inhibit the activity of CTNNB1 in a TP53-dependent manner and thus regulate cell growth. May function in adipocyte differentiation, negatively regulating mitotic clonal expansion (By similarity). Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and epithelium development through its interaction with proteins of the beta-catenin family (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6PDY0. (202 aa) |
| | NPHP1 | Nephrocystin-1; Together with BCAR1 it may play a role in the control of epithelial cell polarity (By similarity). Involved in the organization of apical junctions in kidney cells together with NPHP4 and RPGRIP1L/NPHP8 (By similarity). Does not seem to be strictly required for ciliogenesis (By similarity). Seems to help to recruit PTK2B/PYK2 to cell matrix adhesions, thereby initiating phosphorylation of PTK2B/PYK2 and PTK2B/PYK2-dependent signaling (By similarity). May play a role in the regulation of intraflagellar transport (IFT) during cilia assembly. Required for normal retina dev [...] (733 aa) |
| | BVES | Blood vessel epicardial substance; Cell adhesion molecule involved in the establishment and/or maintenance of cell integrity. Involved in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier in epithelial cells. Plays a role in VAMP3-mediated vesicular transport and recycling of different receptor molecules through its interaction with VAMP3. Plays a role in the regulation of cell shape and movement by modulating the Rho-family GTPase activity through its interaction with ARHGEF25/GEFT. Induces primordial adhesive contact and aggregation of epitheli [...] (360 aa) |
| | CA8 | Carbonic anhydrase-related protein; Does not have a carbonic anhydrase catalytic activity. (290 aa) |
| | DNMBP | Dynamin-binding protein; Plays a critical role as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for CDC42 in several intracellular processes associated with the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Regulates the structure of apical junctions through F-actin organization in epithelial cells. Participates in the normal lumenogenesis of epithelial cell cysts by regulating spindle orientation. Plays a role in ciliogenesis (By similarity). May play a role in membrane trafficking between the cell surface and the Golgi (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6TXD4. (1577 aa) |
| | TLN1 | Talin-1; Probably involved in connections of major cytoskeletal structures to the plasma membrane. High molecular weight cytoskeletal protein concentrated at regions of cell-substratum contact and, in lymphocytes, at cell-cell contacts (By similarity). (2541 aa) |
| | CLDN22 | Claudin-22; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | RAP2B | Ras-related protein Rap-2b; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. Involved in EGFR and CHRM3 signaling pathways through stimulation of PLCE1. May play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate cell spreading through activation of the effector TNIK. May regulate membrane vesiculation in red blood cells. (183 aa) |
| | MPDZ | Multiple PDZ domain protein; Interacts with HTR2C and provokes its clustering at the cell surface (By similarity). Member of the NMDAR signaling complex that may play a role in control of AMPAR potentiation and synaptic plasticity in excitatory synapses. (2070 aa) |
| | SCN4B | Sodium channel subunit beta-4; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes negative shifts in the voltage dependence of activation of certain alpha sodium channels, but does not affect the voltage dependence of inactivation. Modulates the susceptibility of the sodium channel to inhibition by toxic peptides from spider, scorpion, wasp and sea anemone venom. (228 aa) |
| | MARVELD2 | MARVEL domain-containing protein 2; Plays a role in the formation of tricellular tight junctions and of epithelial barriers (By similarity). Required for normal hearing via its role in the separation of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces of the organ of Corti in the inner ear, and for normal survival of hair cells in the organ of Corti. (558 aa) |
| | PLXDC1 | Plexin domain-containing protein 1; Plays a critical role in endothelial cell capillary morphogenesis. (500 aa) |
| | ZYX | Zyxin; Adhesion plaque protein. Binds alpha-actinin and the CRP protein. Important for targeting TES and ENA/VASP family members to focal adhesions and for the formation of actin-rich structures. May be a component of a signal transduction pathway that mediates adhesion- stimulated changes in gene expression (By similarity); Belongs to the zyxin/ajuba family. (572 aa) |
| | GJC3 | Gap junction gamma-3 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell; Belongs to the connexin family. Gamma-type subfamily. (279 aa) |
| | PPP1CA | Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin de [...] (341 aa) |
| | SCN5A | Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels. Belongs to the sodium chann [...] (2016 aa) |
| | CADM1 | Cell adhesion molecule 1; Mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)- independent manner. Also mediates heterophilic cell-cell adhesion with CADM3 and NECTIN3 in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Acts as a tumor suppressor in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Interaction with CRTAM promotes natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion by CD8+ cells in vitro as well as NK cell-mediated rejection of tumors expressing CADM3 in vivo. May contribute to the less invasive phenotypes of lepidic growth tumor cells. In mast cells, may mediate attach [...] (471 aa) |
| | PDGFB | Platelet-derived growth factor subunit B; Growth factor that plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell migration, survival and chemotaxis. Potent mitogen for cells of mesenchymal origin. Required for normal proliferation and recruitment of pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in the central nervous system, skin, lung, heart and placenta. Required for normal blood vessel development, and for normal development of kidney glomeruli. Plays an important role in wound healing. Signaling is modulated by the formation of heterodimers wit [...] (241 aa) |
| | PKP3 | Plakophilin-3; May play a role in junctional plaques; Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (797 aa) |
| | FLRT2 | Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein FLRT2; Functions in cell-cell adhesion, cell migration and axon guidance. Mediates cell-cell adhesion via its interactions with ADGRL3 and probably also other latrophilins that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells. May play a role in the migration of cortical neurons during brain development via its interaction with UNC5D. Mediates axon growth cone collapse and plays a repulsive role in neuron guidance via its interaction with UNC5D, and possibly also other UNC-5 family members. Plays a role in fibroblast growth factor-mediated signal [...] (660 aa) |
| | PTPRU | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase U; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase which dephosphorylates CTNNB1. Regulates CTNNB1 function both in cell adhesion and signaling. May function in cell proliferation and migration and play a role in the maintenance of epithelial integrity. May play a role in megakaryocytopoiesis; Belongs to the protein-tyrosine phosphatase family. Receptor class 2B subfamily. (1446 aa) |
| | STARD10 | START domain-containing protein 10; May play metabolic roles in sperm maturation or fertilization (By similarity). Phospholipid transfer protein that preferentially selects lipid species containing a palmitoyl or stearoyl chain on the sn-1 and an unsaturated fatty acyl chain (18:1 or 18:2) on the sn-2 position. Able to transfer phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidyetanolamline (PE) between membranes. (291 aa) |
| | CLDN2 | Claudin-2; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (230 aa) |
| | SYNM | Synemin; Type-VI intermediate filament (IF) which plays an important cytoskeletal role within the muscle cell cytoskeleton. It forms heteropolymeric IFs with desmin and/or vimentin, and via its interaction with cytoskeletal proteins alpha-dystrobrevin, dystrophin, talin-1, utrophin and vinculin, is able to link these heteropolymeric IFs to adherens-type junctions, such as to the costameres, neuromuscular junctions, and myotendinous junctions within striated muscle cells. (1565 aa) |
| | LIMS1 | LIM and senescent cell antigen-like-containing domain protein 1; Adapter protein in a cytoplasmic complex linking beta- integrins to the actin cytoskeleton, bridges the complex to cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases and growth factor receptors. Involved in the regulation of cell survival, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. (387 aa) |
| | MAPK15 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 15; Atypical MAPK protein that regulates several process such as autophagy, ciliogenesis, protein trafficking/secretion and genome integrity, in a kinase activity-dependent manner. Controls both, basal and starvation-induced autophagy throught its interaction with GABARAP, MAP1LC3B and GABARAPL1 leading to autophagosome formation, SQSTM1 degradation and reduced MAP1LC3B inhibitory phosphorylation. Regulates primary cilium formation and the localization of ciliary proteins involved in cilium structure, transport, and signaling. Prevents the relocation of [...] (544 aa) |
| | MPP7 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 7; Acts as an important adapter that promotes epithelial cell polarity and tight junction formation via its interaction with DLG1. Involved in the assembly of protein complexes at sites of cell-cell contact; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (576 aa) |
| | MTDH | Protein LYRIC; Downregulates SLC1A2/EAAT2 promoter activity when expressed ectopically. Activates the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-kappa-B) transcription factor. Promotes anchorage-independent growth of immortalized melanocytes and astrocytes which is a key component in tumor cell expansion. Promotes lung metastasis and also has an effect on bone and brain metastasis, possibly by enhancing the seeding of tumor cells to the target organ endothelium. Induces chemoresistance. (582 aa) |
| | CDC42EP4 | Cdc42 effector protein 4; Probably involved in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton. May act downstream of CDC42 to induce actin filament assembly leading to cell shape changes. Induces pseudopodia formation, when overexpressed in fibroblasts; Belongs to the BORG/CEP family. (356 aa) |
| | STX3 | Syntaxin-3; Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones. (289 aa) |
| | PPL | Periplakin; Component of the cornified envelope of keratinocytes. May link the cornified envelope to desmosomes and intermediate filaments. May act as a localization signal in PKB/AKT-mediated signaling. Belongs to the plakin or cytolinker family. (1756 aa) |
| | GJB5 | Gap junction beta-5 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (273 aa) |
| | TRPC6 | Short transient receptor potential channel 6; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G-protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C. Seems not to be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion; Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC6 sub-subfamily. (931 aa) |
| | CLDN18 | Claudin-18; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (261 aa) |
| | FERMT2 | Fermitin family homolog 2; Scaffolding protein that enhances integrin activation mediated by TLN1 and/or TLN2, but activates integrins only weakly by itself. Binds to membranes enriched in phosphoinositides. Enhances integrin-mediated cell adhesion onto the extracellular matrix and cell spreading; this requires both its ability to interact with integrins and with phospholipid membranes. Required for the assembly of focal adhesions. Participates in the connection between extracellular matrix adhesion sites and the actin cytoskeleton and also in the orchestration of actin assembly and ce [...] (687 aa) |
| | EPB41L3 | Band 4.1-like protein 3, N-terminally processed; Tumor suppressor that inhibits cell proliferation and promotes apoptosis. Modulates the activity of protein arginine N- methyltransferases, including PRMT3 and PRMT5. (1087 aa) |
| | GJA4 | Gap junction alpha-4 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (333 aa) |
| | NFASC | Neurofascin; Cell adhesion, ankyrin-binding protein which may be involved in neurite extension, axonal guidance, synaptogenesis, myelination and neuron-glial cell interactions. (1240 aa) |
| | ILDR1 | Immunoglobulin-like domain-containing receptor 1; Putative membrane receptor. (546 aa) |
| | DLG1 | Disks large homolog 1; Essential multidomain scaffolding protein required for normal development (By similarity). Recruits channels, receptors and signaling molecules to discrete plasma membrane domains in polarized cells. May play a role in adherens junction assembly, signal transduction, cell proliferation, synaptogenesis and lymphocyte activation. Regulates the excitability of cardiac myocytes by modulating the functional expression of Kv4 channels. Functional regulator of Kv1.5 channel. During long-term depression in hippocampal neurons, it recruits ADAM10 to the plasma membrane. B [...] (926 aa) |
| | GJB4 | Gap junction beta-4 protein; Structural component of gap junctions (By similarity). Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane (By similarity). Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore (By similarity); Belongs to the connexin family. Beta-type (group I) subfamily. (266 aa) |
| | MAGI2 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 2; Seems to act as scaffold molecule at synaptic junctions by assembling neurotransmitter receptors and cell adhesion proteins. May play a role in regulating activin-mediated signaling in neuronal cells. Enhances the ability of PTEN to suppress AKT1 activation. Plays a role in nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced recruitment of RAPGEF2 to late endosomes and neurite outgrowth. (1455 aa) |
| | OCLN | Occludin; May play a role in the formation and regulation of the tight junction (TJ) paracellular permeability barrier. It is able to induce adhesion when expressed in cells lacking tight junctions. (522 aa) |
| | TBCD | Tubulin-specific chaperone D; Tubulin-folding protein implicated in the first step of the tubulin folding pathway and required for tubulin complex assembly. Involved in the regulation of microtubule polymerization or depolymerization, it modulates microtubule dynamics by capturing GTP- bound beta-tubulin (TUBB). Its ability to interact with beta tubulin is regulated via its interaction with ARL2. Acts as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for ARL2. Induces microtubule disruption in absence of ARL2. Increases degradation of beta tubulin, when overexpressed in polarized cells. Promotes ep [...] (1192 aa) |
| | PDZD3 | Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF4; Acts as a regulatory protein that associates with GUCY2C and negatively modulates its heat-stable enterotoxin-mediated activation. Stimulates SLC9A3 activity in the presence of elevated calcium ions. (505 aa) |
| | PDLIM7 | PDZ and LIM domain protein 7; May function as a scaffold on which the coordinated assembly of proteins can occur. May play a role as an adapter that, via its PDZ domain, localizes LIM-binding proteins to actin filaments of both skeletal muscle and nonmuscle tissues. Involved in both of the two fundamental mechanisms of bone formation, direct bone formation (e.g. embryonic flat bones mandible and cranium), and endochondral bone formation (e.g. embryonic long bone development). Plays a role during fracture repair. Involved in BMP6 signaling pathway (By similarity). (457 aa) |
| | TJP1 | Tight junction protein ZO-1; TJP1, TJP2, and TJP3 are closely related scaffolding proteins that link tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins such as claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and occludin to the actin cytoskeleton. The tight junction acts to limit movement of substances through the paracellular space and as a boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. Necessary for lumenogenesis, and particularly efficient epithelial polarization and barrier formation (By similarity). Plays a role i [...] (1768 aa) |
| | JAML | Junctional adhesion molecule-like; Transmembrane protein of the plasma membrane of leukocytes that control their migration and activation through interaction with CXADR, a plasma membrane receptor found on adjacent epithelial and endothelial cells. The interaction between both receptors mediates the activation of gamma-delta T-cells, a subpopulation of T-cells residing in epithelia and involved in tissue homeostasis and repair. Upon epithelial CXADR-binding, JAML induces downstream cell signaling events in gamma-delta T-cells through PI3-kinase and MAP kinases. It results in proliferat [...] (394 aa) |
| | CRB3 | Protein crumbs homolog 3; Involved in the establishment of cell polarity in mammalian epithelial cells. Regulates the morphogenesis of tight junctions. (123 aa) |
| | SCRIB | Protein scribble homolog; Scaffold protein involved in different aspects of polarized cells differentiation regulating epithelial and neuronal morphogenesis. Most probably functions in the establishment of apico-basal cell polarity. May function in cell proliferation regulating progression from G1 to S phase and as a positive regulator of apoptosis for instance during acinar morphogenesis of the mammary epithelium. May also function in cell migration and adhesion and hence regulate cell invasion through MAPK signaling. May play a role in exocytosis and in the targeting synaptic vesicle [...] (1655 aa) |
| | ANK2 | Ankyrin-2; Plays an essential role in the localization and membrane stabilization of ion transporters and ion channels in several cell types, including cardiomyocytes, as well as in striated muscle cells. In skeletal muscle, required for proper localization of DMD and DCTN4 and for the formation and/or stability of a special subset of microtubules associated with costameres and neuromuscular junctions. In cardiomyocytes, required for coordinate assembly of Na/Ca exchanger, SLC8A1/NCX1, Na/K ATPases ATP1A1 and ATP1A2 and inositol 1,4,5- trisphosphate (InsP3) receptors at sarcoplasmic re [...] (3957 aa) |
| | EPHA2 | Ephrin type-A receptor 2; Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously membrane- bound ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Activated by the ligand ephrin- A1/EFNA1 regulates migration, integrin-mediated adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells. Regulates cell adhesion and differentiation through DS [...] (976 aa) |
| | KIRREL1 | Kin of IRRE-like protein 1; Plays a significant role in the normal development and function of the glomerular permeability. Signaling protein that needs the presence of TEC kinases to fully trans-activate the transcription factor AP-1 (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (757 aa) |
| | CD2AP | CD2-associated protein; Seems to act as an adapter protein between membrane proteins and the actin cytoskeleton. In collaboration with CBLC, modulates the rate of RET turnover and may act as regulatory checkpoint that limits the potency of GDNF on neuronal survival. Controls CBLC function, converting it from an inhibitor to a promoter of RET degradation (By similarity). May play a role in receptor clustering and cytoskeletal polarity in the junction between T-cell and antigen-presenting cell (By similarity). May anchor the podocyte slit diaphragm to the actin cytoskeleton in renal glom [...] (639 aa) |
| | DSG4 | Desmoglein-4; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. Coordinates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in hair follicle keratinocytes (By similarity). (1059 aa) |
| | KIRREL2 | Kin of IRRE-like protein 2; May regulate basal insulin secretion. Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. (708 aa) |
| | CLDN7 | Claudin-7; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space; Belongs to the claudin family. (211 aa) |
| | DSC3 | Desmocollin-3; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. May contribute to epidermal cell positioning (stratification) by mediating differential adhesiveness between cells that express different isoforms. (896 aa) |
| | CNTNAP2 | Contactin-associated protein-like 2; Required, with CNTNAP1, for radial and longitudinal organization of myelinated axons. Plays a role in the formation of functional distinct domains critical for saltatory conduction of nerve impulses in myelinated nerve fibers. Demarcates the juxtaparanodal region of the axo-glial junction. (1331 aa) |
| | GJB1 | Gap junction beta-1 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (283 aa) |
| | CDC42BPB | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK beta; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is an important downstream effector of CDC42 and plays a role in the regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration. Regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization via phosphorylation of PPP1R12C and MYL9/MLC2. In concert with MYO18A and LURAP1, is involved in modulating lamellar actomyosin retrograde flow that is crucial to cell protrusion and migration. Phosphorylates PPP1R12A. In concert with FAM89B/LRAP25 mediates the targeting of LIMK1 to the lamellipodium resulting in its activation and su [...] (1711 aa) |
| | SDCCAG8 | Serologically defined colon cancer antigen 8; Plays a role in the establishment of cell polarity and epithelial lumen formation (By similarity). Plays also an essential role in ciliogenesis and subsequent Hedgehog signaling pathway that requires the presence of intact primary cilia for pathway activation. Mechanistically, interacts with and mediates RABEP2 centrosomal localization which is critical for ciliogenesis. (713 aa) |
| | GJC2 | Gap junction gamma-2 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. May play a role in myelination in central and peripheral nervous systems. (439 aa) |
| | DLL1 | Delta-like protein 1; Transmembrane ligand protein of NOTCH1, NOTCH2 and NOTCH3 receptors that binds the extracellular domain (ECD) of Notch receptor in a cis and trans fashion manner. Following transinteraction, ligand cells produce mechanical force that depends of a clathrin-mediated endocytosis, requiring ligand ubiquitination, EPN1 interaction, and actin polymerisation; these events promote Notch receptor extracellular domain (NECD) transendocytosis and triggers Notch signaling through induction of cleavage, hyperphosphorylation, and nuclear accumulation of the intracellular domain [...] (723 aa) |
| | CDC42BPA | Serine/threonine-protein kinase MRCK alpha; Serine/threonine-protein kinase which is an important downstream effector of CDC42 and plays a role in the regulation of cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration. Regulates actin cytoskeletal reorganization via phosphorylation of PPP1R12C and MYL9/MLC2. In concert with MYO18A and LURAP1, is involved in modulating lamellar actomyosin retrograde flow that is crucial to cell protrusion and migration. Phosphorylates: PPP1R12A, LIMK1 and LIMK2. May play a role in TFRC-mediated iron uptake. In concert with FAM89B/LRAP25 mediates the targeting [...] (1719 aa) |
| | AFDN | Afadin; Belongs to an adhesion system, probably together with the E- cadherin-catenin system, which plays a role in the organization of homotypic, interneuronal and heterotypic cell-cell adherens junctions (AJs) (By similarity). Nectin- and actin-filament-binding protein that connects nectin to the actin cytoskeleton. May play a key role in the organization of epithelial structures of the embryonic ectoderm (By similarity). Essential for the organization of adherens junctions. ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9QZQ1. (1781 aa) |
| | CLDN20 | Claudin-20; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (219 aa) |
| | CLDN11 | Claudin-11; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (207 aa) |
| | CRB1 | Protein crumbs homolog 1; Plays a role in photoreceptor morphogenesis in the retina. May maintain cell polarization and adhesion; Belongs to the Crumbs protein family. (1406 aa) |
| | NPHS2 | Podocin; Plays a role in the regulation of glomerular permeability, acting probably as a linker between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. (383 aa) |
| | NECTIN4 | Processed poliovirus receptor-related protein 4; Seems to be involved in cell adhesion through trans- homophilic and -heterophilic interactions, the latter including specifically interactions with NECTIN1. Does not act as receptor for alpha-herpesvirus entry into cells. (510 aa) |
| | F11R | Junctional adhesion molecule A; Seems to play a role in epithelial tight junction formation. Appears early in primordial forms of cell junctions and recruits PARD3. The association of the PARD6-PARD3 complex may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating monocyte transmigration involved in integrity of epithelial barrier (By similarity). Ligand for integrin alpha-L/beta-2 involved in memory T- cell and neutrophil transmigration. Involved in platelet activation. (Microbial infection) Acts as a recept [...] (299 aa) |
| | VANGL2 | Vang-like protein 2; Involved in the control of early morphogenesis and patterning of both axial midline structures and the development of neural plate. Plays a role in the regulation of planar cell polarity, particularly in the orientation of stereociliary bundles in the cochlea. Required for polarization and movement of myocardializing cells in the outflow tract and seems to act via RHOA signaling to regulate this process. Required for cell surface localization of FZD3 and FZD6 in the inner ear (By similarity). (521 aa) |
| | RAB13 | Ras-related protein Rab-13; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different sets of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. That Rab is involved in endocytic recycling and regulates the transport to the plasma membrane of transmembrane proteins like the tight junction protein OCLN/occludin. Thereby, it regu [...] (203 aa) |
| | GJA8 | Gap junction alpha-8 protein; Structural component of eye lens gap junctions. Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane (By similarity). Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore. (433 aa) |
| | NRAP | Nebulin-related-anchoring protein; May be involved in anchoring the terminal actin filaments in the myofibril to the membrane and in transmitting tension from the myofibrils to the extracellular matrix. (1731 aa) |
| | FLNA | Filamin-A; Promotes orthogonal branching of actin filaments and links actin filaments to membrane glycoproteins. Anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and serves as a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Interaction with FLNB may allow neuroblast migration from the ventricular zone into the cortical plate. Tethers cell surface- localized furin, modulates its rate of internalization and directs its intracellular trafficking (By similarity). Involved in ciliogenesis. Plays a role in cell-cell contacts and adherens junctions during the de [...] (2647 aa) |
| | PKN2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase N2; PKC-related serine/threonine-protein kinase and Rho/Rac effector protein that participates in specific signal transduction responses in the cell. Plays a role in the regulation of cell cycle progression, actin cytoskeleton assembly, cell migration, cell adhesion, tumor cell invasion and transcription activation signaling processes. Phosphorylates CTTN in hyaluronan-induced astrocytes and hence decreases CTTN ability to associate with filamentous actin. Phosphorylates HDAC5, therefore lead to impair HDAC5 import. Direct RhoA target required for the re [...] (984 aa) |
| | RAP2C | Ras-related protein Rap-2c; Small GTP-binding protein which cycles between a GDP-bound inactive and a GTP-bound active form. May play a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements and regulate cell spreading through activation of the effector TNIK. May play a role in SRE-mediated gene transcription. (183 aa) |
| | SORBS1 | Sorbin and SH3 domain-containing protein 1; Plays a role in tyrosine phosphorylation of CBL by linking CBL to the insulin receptor. Required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Involved in formation of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions (By similarity). (1292 aa) |
| | PLPP3 | Phospholipid phosphatase 3; Magnesium-independent phospholipid phosphatase of the plasma membrane that catalyzes the dephosphorylation of a variety of glycerolipid and sphingolipid phosphate esters including phosphatidate/PA, lysophosphatidate/LPA, diacylglycerol pyrophosphate/DGPP, sphingosine 1-phosphate/S1P and ceramide 1- phosphate/C1P. Also acts on N-oleoyl ethanolamine phosphate/N-(9Z-octadecenoyl)- ethanolamine phosphate, a potential physiological compound. Has both an extracellular and an intracellular phosphatase activity, allowing the hydrolysis and the cellular uptake of the [...] (311 aa) |
| | PARD6B | Partitioning defective 6 homolog beta; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Probably involved in formation of epithelial tight junctions. Association with PARD3 may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly. The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins; Belongs to the PAR6 family. (372 aa) |
| | AMOT | Angiomotin; Plays a central role in tight junction maintenance via the complex formed with ARHGAP17, which acts by regulating the uptake of polarity proteins at tight junctions. Appears to regulate endothelial cell migration and tube formation. May also play a role in the assembly of endothelial cell-cell junctions; Belongs to the angiomotin family. (1084 aa) |
| | POF1B | Protein POF1B; Plays a key role in the organization of epithelial monolayers by regulating the actin cytoskeleton. May be involved in ovary development. (595 aa) |
| | NIBAN2 | Protein Niban 2; May play a role in apoptosis suppression. May promote melanoma cell invasion in vitro. (746 aa) |
| | GJB3 | Gap junction beta-3 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (270 aa) |
| | CRB2 | Protein crumbs homolog 2; Apical polarity protein that plays a central role during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at gastrulation, when newly specified mesodermal cells move inside the embryo. Acts by promoting cell ingression, the process by which cells leave the epithelial epiblast and move inside the embryo to form a new tissue layer. The anisotropic distribution of CRB2 and MYH10/myosin-IIB at cell edges define which cells will ingress: cells with high apical CRB2 are probably extruded from the epiblast by neighboring cells with high levels of apical MYH10/myosin-II [...] (1285 aa) |
| | DES | Desmin; Muscle-specific type III intermediate filament essential for proper muscular structure and function. Plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of sarcomeres, inter-connecting the Z-disks and forming the myofibrils, linking them not only to the sarcolemmal cytoskeleton, but also to the nucleus and mitochondria, thus providing strength for the muscle fiber during activity. In adult striated muscle they form a fibrous network connecting myofibrils to each other and to the plasma membrane from the periphery of the Z- line structures. May act as a sarcomeric microtubule-anch [...] (470 aa) |
| | FRMPD2 | FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 2; May play a role in the regulation of tight junction formation. Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,4)P2). (1309 aa) |
| | CLIC4 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 4; Can insert into membranes and form poorly selective ion channels that may also transport chloride ions. Channel activity depends on the pH. Membrane insertion seems to be redox-regulated and may occur only under oxydizing conditions. Promotes cell-surface expression of HRH3. Has alternate cellular functions like a potential role in angiogenesis or in maintaining apical-basolateral membrane polarity during mitosis and cytokinesis. Could also promote endothelial cell proliferation and regulate endothelial morphogenesis (tubulogenesis). (253 aa) |
| | BMPR2 | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type-2; On ligand binding, forms a receptor complex consisting of two type II and two type I transmembrane serine/threonine kinases. Type II receptors phosphorylate and activate type I receptors which autophosphorylate, then bind and activate SMAD transcriptional regulators. Binds to BMP7, BMP2 and, less efficiently, BMP4. Binding is weak but enhanced by the presence of type I receptors for BMPs. Mediates induction of adipogenesis by GDF6. (1038 aa) |
| | PARD3 | Partitioning defective 3 homolog; Adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. Seems to play a central role in the formation of epithelial tight junctions. Targets the phosphatase PTEN to cell junctions (By similarity). Involved in Schwann cell peripheral myelination (By similarity). Association with PARD6B may prevent the interaction of PARD3 with F11R/JAM1, thereby preventing tight junction assembly (By similarity). The PARD6-PARD3 complex links GTP-bound Rho small GTPases to atypical protein kinase C proteins. Required for establishment of [...] (1356 aa) |
| | JCAD | Junctional protein associated with coronary artery disease; Junctional cadherin 5 associated. (1359 aa) |
| | KAZN | Kazrin; Component of the cornified envelope of keratinocytes. May be involved in the interplay between adherens junctions and desmosomes. The function in the nucleus is not known. (775 aa) |
| | CDSN | Corneodesmosin; Important for the epidermal barrier integrity. (529 aa) |
| | FLOT1 | Flotillin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes, functionally participating in formation of caveolae or caveolae-like vesicles. (427 aa) |
| | AHNAK | Neuroblast differentiation-associated protein AHNAK; May be required for neuronal cell differentiation. (5890 aa) |
| | NPHP4 | Nephrocystin-4; Involved in the organization of apical junctions; the function is proposed to implicate a NPHP1-4-8 module. Does not seem to be strictly required for ciliogenesis. Required for building functional cilia. Involved in the organization of the subapical actin network in multiciliated epithelial cells. Seems to recruit INT to basal bodies of motile cilia which subsequently interacts with actin-modifying proteins such as DAAM1 (By similarity). In cooperation with INVS may downregulate the canonical Wnt pathway and promote the Wnt-PCP pathway by regulating expression and subce [...] (1426 aa) |
| | AJAP1 | Adherens junction-associated protein 1; Plays a role in cell adhesion and cell migration. (411 aa) |
| | PODXL | Podocalyxin; Involved in the regulation of both adhesion and cell morphology and cancer progression. Functions as an anti-adhesive molecule that maintains an open filtration pathway between neighboring foot processes in the podocyte by charge repulsion. Acts as a pro- adhesive molecule, enhancing the adherence of cells to immobilized ligands, increasing the rate of migration and cell-cell contacts in an integrin-dependent manner. Induces the formation of apical actin- dependent microvilli. Involved in the formation of a preapical plasma membrane subdomain to set up initial epithelial p [...] (558 aa) |
| | PRKCZ | Protein kinase C zeta type; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/threonine- protein kinase that functions in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, mitogenic signaling, cell proliferation, cell polarity, inflammatory response and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages, or following mitogenic stimuli, functions downstream of PI3K to activate MAP2K1/MEK1-MAPK1/ERK2 signaling cascade independently of RAF1 activation. Req [...] (592 aa) |
| | NPHS1 | Nephrin; Seems to play a role in the development or function of the kidney glomerular filtration barrier. Regulates glomerular vascular permeability. May anchor the podocyte slit diaphragm to the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in skeletal muscle formation through regulation of myoblast fusion (By similarity). (1241 aa) |
| | B4GALT1 | Processed beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1; The Golgi complex form catalyzes the production of lactose in the lactating mammary gland and could also be responsible for the synthesis of complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides in many glycoproteins as well as the carbohydrate moieties of glycolipids. (398 aa) |
| | DSP | Desmoplakin; Major high molecular weight protein of desmosomes. Involved in the organization of the desmosomal cadherin-plakoglobin complexes into discrete plasma membrane domains and in the anchoring of intermediate filaments to the desmosomes. (2871 aa) |
| | DDX58 | Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I; Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments. The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Up [...] (925 aa) |
| | TEK | Angiopoietin-1 receptor; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for ANGPT1, ANGPT2 and ANGPT4 and regulates angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also maintenance of vascular quiescence. Has anti-inflammatory effects by preventing the leakage of proinflammatory plasma proteins and leukocytes from blood vessels. Required for normal angiogenesis and heart development during embryogenesis. Required for post-natal hematopoiesis. After birth, activates or inhibits angi [...] (1124 aa) |
| | NHS | Nance-Horan syndrome protein; May function in cell morphology by maintaining the integrity of the circumferential actin ring and controlling lamellipod formation. Involved in the regulation eye, tooth, brain and craniofacial development; Belongs to the NHS family. (1630 aa) |
| | ALOX15B | Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase B; Non-heme iron-containing dioxygenase that catalyzes the stereo-specific peroxidation of free and esterified polyunsaturated fatty acids generating a spectrum of bioactive lipid mediators. Converts arachidonic acid to 15S-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid/(15S)-HPETE. Also acts on linoleic acid to produce 13- hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid/13-HPODE. Has no detectable 8S-lipoxygenase activity but reacts with (8S)-HPETE to produce (8S,15S)-diHPETE. May regulate progression through the cell cycle and cell proliferation. May also regulate cytokine secretion by ma [...] (676 aa) |
| | CCDC85C | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 85C; May play a role in cell-cell adhesion and epithelium development through its interaction with proteins of the beta-catenin family (Probable). May play an important role in cortical development, especially in the maintenance of radial glia (By similarity). (419 aa) |
| | SHROOM2 | Protein Shroom2; May be involved in endothelial cell morphology changes during cell spreading. In the retinal pigment epithelium, may regulate the biogenesis of melanosomes and promote their association with the apical cell surface by inducing gamma-tubulin redistribution (By similarity). Belongs to the shroom family. (1616 aa) |
| | BAIAP2L2 | Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1-associated protein 2-like protein 2; Phosphoinositides-binding protein that induces the formation of planar or gently curved membrane structures. Binds to phosphoinositides, including to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) headgroups. There seems to be no clear preference for a specific phosphoinositide (By similarity). (529 aa) |
| | FSCN1 | Fascin; Actin-binding protein that contains 2 major actin binding sites. Organizes filamentous actin into parallel bundles. Plays a role in the organization of actin filament bundles and the formation of microspikes, membrane ruffles, and stress fibers. Important for the formation of a diverse set of cell protrusions, such as filopodia, and for cell motility and migration. Mediates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and axon growth cone collapse in response to NGF. (493 aa) |
| | GJB2 | Gap junction beta-2 protein; Structural component of gap junctions. Gap junctions are dodecameric channels that connect the cytoplasm of adjoining cells. They are formed by the docking of two hexameric hemichannels, one from each cell membrane. Small molecules and ions diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell via the central pore. (226 aa) |
| | PKP4 | Plakophilin-4; Plays a role as a regulator of Rho activity during cytokinesis. May play a role in junctional plaques. (1192 aa) |
| | MYADM | Myeloid associated differentiation marker; Belongs to the MAL family. (322 aa) |
| | ASH1L | Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASH1L; Histone methyltransferase specifically trimethylating 'Lys- 36' of histone H3 forming H3K36me3. Also monomethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1) in vitro (By similarity). The physiological significance of the H3K9me1 activity is unclear (By similarity); Belongs to the class V-like SAM-binding methyltransferase superfamily. Histone-lysine methyltransferase family. SET2 subfamily. (2964 aa) |
| | ECT2 | Protein ECT2; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP. Promotes guanine nucleotide exchange on the Rho family members of small GTPases, like RHOA, RHOC, RAC1 and CDC42. Required for signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cytokinesis. Component of the centralspindlin complex that serves as a microtubule-dependent and Rho-mediated signaling required for the myosin contractile ring formation during the cell cycle cytokinesis. Regulates the translocation of RHOA from the central spindle to the equatorial region. Plays a role i [...] (914 aa) |
| | IGSF11 | Immunoglobulin superfamily member 11; Functions as a cell adhesion molecule through homophilic interaction. Stimulates cell growth. (431 aa) |
| | JUP | Junction plakoglobin; Common junctional plaque protein. The membrane-associated plaques are architectural elements in an important strategic position to influence the arrangement and function of both the cytoskeleton and the cells within the tissue. The presence of plakoglobin in both the desmosomes and in the intermediate junctions suggests that it plays a central role in the structure and function of submembranous plaques. Acts as a substrate for VE-PTP and is required by it to stimulate VE- cadherin function in endothelial cells. Can replace beta-catenin in E- cadherin/catenin adhes [...] (745 aa) |
| | SYNPO | Synaptopodin; Actin-associated protein that may play a role in modulating actin-based shape and motility of dendritic spines and renal podocyte foot processes. Seems to be essential for the formation of spine apparatuses in spines of telencephalic neurons, which is involved in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). (929 aa) |
| | ACTN1 | Alpha-actinin-1; F-actin cross-linking protein which is thought to anchor actin to a variety of intracellular structures. This is a bundling protein; Belongs to the alpha-actinin family. (914 aa) |
| | KRIT1 | Krev interaction trapped protein 1; Component of the CCM signaling pathway which is a crucial regulator of heart and vessel formation and integrity (By similarity). Negative regulator of angiogenesis. Inhibits endothelial proliferation, apoptosis, migration, lumen formation and sprouting angiogenesis in primary endothelial cells. Promotes AKT phosphorylation in a NOTCH- dependent and independent manner, and inhibits ERK1/2 phosphorylation indirectly through activation of the DELTA-NOTCH cascade. Acts in concert with CDH5 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and v [...] (736 aa) |
| | FLOT2 | Flotillin-2; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes, functionally participating in formation of caveolae or caveolae-like vesicles. May be involved in epidermal cell adhesion and epidermal structure and function; Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily. (428 aa) |
| | CLDN3 | Claudin-3; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | ARHGAP24 | Rho GTPase-activating protein 24; Rho GTPase-activating protein involved in cell polarity, cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Acts as a GTPase activator for the Rac-type GTPase by converting it to an inactive GDP-bound state. Controls actin remodeling by inactivating Rac downstream of Rho leading to suppress leading edge protrusion and promotes cell retraction to achieve cellular polarity. Able to suppress RAC1 and CDC42 activity in vitro. Overexpression induces cell rounding with partial or complete disruption of actin stress fibers and formation of membrane ruffles, lamel [...] (748 aa) |
| | PANX2 | Pannexin-2; Structural component of the gap junctions and the hemichannels; Belongs to the pannexin family. (677 aa) |
| | PGM5 | Phosphoglucomutase-like protein 5; Component of adherens-type cell-cell and cell-matrix junctions. Lacks phosphoglucomutase activity. (567 aa) |
| | CLDN6 | Claudin-6; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space; Belongs to the claudin family. (220 aa) |
| | CDH24 | Cadherin-24; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. Cadherin-24 mediate strong cell-cell adhesion. (819 aa) |
| | FGFRL1 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor-like 1; Has a negative effect on cell proliferation. (504 aa) |
| | CTNND1 | Catenin delta-1; Key regulator of cell-cell adhesion that associates with and regulates the cell adhesion properties of both C-, E- and N-cadherins, being critical for their surface stability. Beside cell-cell adhesion, regulates gene transcription through several transcription factors including ZBTB33/Kaiso2 and GLIS2, and the activity of Rho family GTPases and downstream cytoskeletal dynamics. Implicated both in cell transformation by SRC and in ligand-induced receptor signaling through the EGF, PDGF, CSF-1 and ERBB2 receptors. Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (968 aa) |
| | CLDN14 | Claudin-14; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (239 aa) |
| | CLDN8 | Claudin-8; Tight-junction protein required for paracellular chloride transport in the kidney. Mediates recruitment of CLDN4 to tight junction in the kidney. Claudins play a major role in tight junction- specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium- independent cell-adhesion activity. (225 aa) |
| | JAM2 | Junctional adhesion molecule B; Junctional adhesion protein that mediates heterotypic cell- cell interactions with its cognate receptor JAM3 to regulate different cellular processes. Plays a role in homing and mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells within the bone marrow. At the surface of bone marrow stromal cells, it contributes to the retention of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells expressing JAM3. Plays a central role in leukocytes extravasation by facilitating not only transmigration but also tethering and rolling of leukocytes along the endothelium. Teth [...] (312 aa) |
| | CCDC85A | Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 85A; May play a role in cell-cell adhesion and epithelium development through its interaction with proteins of the beta-catenin family. (553 aa) |
| | CTNNA2 | Catenin alpha-2; May function as a linker between cadherin adhesion receptors and the cytoskeleton to regulate cell-cell adhesion and differentiation in the nervous system (By similarity). Required for proper regulation of cortical neuronal migration and neurite growth. It acts as negative regulator of Arp2/3 complex activity and Arp2/3- mediated actin polymerization. It thereby suppresses excessive actin branching which would impair neurite growth and stability. Regulates morphological plasticity of synapses and cerebellar and hippocampal lamination during development. Functions in th [...] (953 aa) |
| | SLC8A1 | Sodium/calcium exchanger 1; Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels ra [...] (973 aa) |
| | CLDN15 | Claudin-15; Claudins function as major constituents of the tight junction complexes that regulate the permeability of epithelia. While some claudin family members function as impermeable barriers, others mediate the permeability to ions and small molecules. Often, several claudin family members are coexpressed and interact with each other, and this determines the overall permeability. CLDN15 forms tight junctions that mediate the paracellular transport of small monovalent cations along a concentration gradient, due to selective permeability for Na(+), Li(+) and K(+) ions, but selects a [...] (228 aa) |
| | MAGI1 | Membrane-associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1; May play a role as scaffolding protein at cell-cell junctions. May regulate acid-induced ASIC3 currents by modulating its expression at the cell surface (By similarity). (1462 aa) |
| | CLDN5 | Claudin-5; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space. (303 aa) |
| | OBSL1 | Obscurin-like protein 1; Core component of the 3M complex, a complex required to regulate microtubule dynamics and genome integrity. It is unclear how the 3M complex regulates microtubules, it could act by controlling the level of a microtubule stabilizer. Acts as a regulator of the Cul7-RING(FBXW8) ubiquitin-protein ligase, playing a critical role in the ubiquitin ligase pathway that regulates Golgi morphogenesis and dendrite patterning in brain. Required to localize CUL7 to the Golgi apparatus in neurons. (1896 aa) |
| | PARD3B | Partitioning defective 3 homolog B; Putative adapter protein involved in asymmetrical cell division and cell polarization processes. May play a role in the formation of epithelial tight junctions; Belongs to the PAR3 family. (1205 aa) |
| | SAPCD2 | Suppressor APC domain-containing protein 2; Plays a role in planar mitotic spindle orientation in retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and promotes the production of symmetric terminal divisions (By similarity). Negatively regulates the mitotic apical cortex localization of GPSM2. Involved also in positive regulation of cell proliferation and tumor cell growth. (394 aa) |
| | MPP4 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 4; May play a role in retinal photoreceptors development. (637 aa) |
| | AMOTL1 | Angiomotin-like protein 1; Inhibits the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, probably by recruiting CTNNB1 to recycling endosomes and hence preventing its translocation to the nucleus; Belongs to the angiomotin family. (956 aa) |
| | CYTH1 | Cytohesin-1; Promotes guanine-nucleotide exchange on ARF1, ARF5 and ARF6. Promotes the activation of ARF factors through replacement of GDP with GTP. Plays an important role in membrane trafficking, during junctional remodeling and epithelial polarization, through regulation of ARF6 activity. (398 aa) |
| | CTNNA3 | Catenin alpha-3; May be involved in formation of stretch-resistant cell-cell adhesion complexes. (895 aa) |
| | KLHL24 | Kelch-like protein 24; Necessary to maintain the balance between intermediate filament stability and degradation, a process that is essential for skin integrity. As part of the BCR(KLHL24) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, mediates ubiquitination of KRT14 and controls its levels during keratinocytes differentiation. Specifically reduces kainate receptor-mediated currents in hippocampal neurons, most probably by modulating channel properties (By similarity). (600 aa) |
| | FGF13 | Fibroblast growth factor 13; Microtubule-binding protein which directly binds tubulin and is involved in both polymerization and stabilization of microtubules (By similarity). Through its action on microtubules, may participate to the refinement of axons by negatively regulating axonal and leading processes branching (By similarity). Plays a crucial role in neuron polarization and migration in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus (By similarity). May regulate voltage-gated sodium channels transport and function. May also play a role in MAPK signaling (By similarity). Required for th [...] (255 aa) |
| | CLDN25 | Putative claudin-25; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (229 aa) |
| | SCN1B | Sodium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of multiple voltage-gated sodium channel complexes that play important roles in excitable membranes in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Enhances the presence of the pore-forming alpha subunit at the cell surface and modulates channel gating characteristics and the rate of channel inactivation. Modulates the activity of multiple pore-forming alpha subunits, such as SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN4A, SCN5A and SCN10A. (268 aa) |
| | PERP | P53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Plays a role in stratified epithelial integrity and cell-cell adhesion by promoting desmosome assembly. Plays a role as an effector in the TP53-dependent apoptotic pathway (By similarity). (193 aa) |
| | CLDN9 | Claudin-9; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (217 aa) |
| | PTPRJ | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase eta; Tyrosine phosphatase which dephosphorylates or contributes to the dephosphorylation of CTNND1, FLT3, PDGFRB, MET, RET (variant MEN2A), KDR, LYN, SRC, MAPK1, MAPK3, EGFR, TJP1, OCLN, PIK3R1 and PIK3R2. Plays a role in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and differentiation. Involved in vascular development. Regulator of macrophage adhesion and spreading. Positively affects cell-matrix adhesion. Positive regulator of platelet activation and thrombosis. Negative regulator of cell proliferation. Negative regulator of PDGF- stimulated cell [...] (1337 aa) |
| | RHOA | Transforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa) |
| | PDZD2 | Processed PDZ domain-containing protein 2; PDZ domain containing 2. (2839 aa) |
| | FRMD5 | FERM domain-containing protein 5; May be involved in regulation of cell migration. May regulate cell-matrix interactions via its interaction with ITGB5 and modifying ITGB5 cytoplasmic tail interactions such as with FERMT2 and TLN1. May regulate ROCK1 kinase activity possibly involved in regulation of actin stress fiber formation. (570 aa) |
| | NDRG1 | Protein NDRG1; Stress-responsive protein involved in hormone responses, cell growth, and differentiation. Acts as a tumor suppressor in many cell types. Necessary but not sufficient for p53/TP53-mediated caspase activation and apoptosis. Has a role in cell trafficking, notably of the Schwann cell, and is necessary for the maintenance and development of the peripheral nerve myelin sheath. Required for vesicular recycling of CDH1 and TF. May also function in lipid trafficking. Protects cells from spindle disruption damage. Functions in p53/TP53-dependent mitotic spindle checkpoint. Regul [...] (394 aa) |
| | CLMP | CXADR-like membrane protein; May be involved in the cell-cell adhesion. May play a role in adipocyte differentiation and development of obesity. Is required for normal small intestine development. (373 aa) |
| | TRPV4 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4; Non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in osmotic sensitivity and mechanosensitivity. Activation by exposure to hypotonicity within the physiological range exhibits an outward rectification. Also activated by heat, low pH, citrate and phorbol esters. Increase of intracellular Ca(2+) potentiates currents. Channel activity seems to be regulated by a calmodulin- dependent mechanism with a negative feedback mechanism. Promotes cell-cell junction formation in skin keratinocytes and plays an important role in t [...] (871 aa) |
| | FAT1 | Protocadherin Fat 1, nuclear form; Plays an essential role for cellular polarization, directed cell migration and modulating cell-cell contact. (4588 aa) |
| | CLDN4 | Claudin-4; Channel-forming tight junction protein that mediates paracellular chloride transport in the kidney. Plays a critical role in the paracellular reabsorption of filtered chloride in the kidney collecting ducts. Claudins play a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity; Belongs to the claudin family. (209 aa) |
| | AOC1 | Amiloride-sensitive amine oxidase [copper-containing]; Catalyzes the degradation of compounds such as putrescine, histamine, spermine, and spermidine, substances involved in allergic and immune responses, cell proliferation, tissue differentiation, tumor formation, and possibly apoptosis. Placental DAO is thought to play a role in the regulation of the female reproductive function; Belongs to the copper/topaquinone oxidase family. (770 aa) |
| | AJM1 | Apical junction component 1 homolog; May be involved in the control of adherens junction integrity. (976 aa) |
| | CAMSAP3 | Calmodulin-regulated spectrin-associated protein 3; Key microtubule-organizing protein that specifically binds the minus-end of non-centrosomal microtubules and regulates their dynamics and organization. Specifically recognizes growing microtubule minus-ends and autonomously decorates and stabilizes microtubule lattice formed by microtubule minus-end polymerization. Acts on free microtubule minus-ends that are not capped by microtubule-nucleating proteins or other factors and protects microtubule minus-ends from depolymerization. In addition, it also reduces the velocity of microtubule [...] (1276 aa) |
| | NECTIN3 | Nectin-3; Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion through heterophilic trans-interactions with nectin-like proteins or nectins, such as trans- interaction with NECTIN2 at Sertoli-spermatid junctions. Trans- interaction with PVR induces activation of CDC42 and RAC small G proteins through common signaling molecules such as SRC and RAP1. Also involved in the formation of cell-cell junctions, including adherens junctions and synapses. Induces endocytosis-mediated down-regulation of PVR from the cell surface, resulting in reduction of cell movement and proliferation. Plays a role in the morphol [...] (549 aa) |
| | PTK7 | Inactive tyrosine-protein kinase 7; Inactive tyrosine kinase involved in Wnt signaling pathway. Component of both the non-canonical (also known as the Wnt/planar cell polarity signaling) and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. Functions in cell adhesion, cell migration, cell polarity, proliferation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization and apoptosis. Has a role in embryogenesis, epithelial tissue organization and angiogenesis. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. (1078 aa) |
| | ADGRL3 | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor L3; Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and neuron guidance via its interactions with FLRT2 and FLRT3 that are expressed at the surface of adjacent cells. Plays a role in the development of glutamatergic synapses in the cortex. Important in determining the connectivity rates between the principal neurons in the cortex. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. LN-TM7 subfamily. (1469 aa) |
| | PALLD | Palladin; Cytoskeletal protein required for organization of normal actin cytoskeleton. Roles in establishing cell morphology, motility, cell adhesion and cell-extracellular matrix interactions in a variety of cell types. May function as a scaffolding molecule with the potential to influence both actin polymerization and the assembly of existing actin filaments into higher-order arrays. Binds to proteins that bind to either monomeric or filamentous actin. Localizes at sites where active actin remodeling takes place, such as lamellipodia and membrane ruffles. Different isoforms may have [...] (1123 aa) |
| | WDR1 | WD repeat-containing protein 1; Induces disassembly of actin filaments in conjunction with ADF/cofilin family proteins. Enhances cofilin- mediated actin severing (By similarity). Involved in cytokinesis. Involved in chemotactic cell migration by restricting lamellipodial membrane protrusions. Involved in myocardium sarcomere organization. Required for cardiomyocyte growth and maintenance (By similarity). Involved in megakaryocyte maturation and platelet shedding. Required for the establishment of planar cell polarity (PCP) during follicular epithelium development and for cell shape cha [...] (606 aa) |
| | TENM2 | Ten-2 intracellular domain; Involved in neural development, regulating the establishment of proper connectivity within the nervous system. Promotes the formation of filopodia and enlarged growth cone in neuronal cells. Induces homophilic cell-cell adhesion (By similarity). May function as a cellular signal transducer. [Ten-2 intracellular domain]: Induces gene transcription inhibition. (2535 aa) |
| | SDCBP | Syntenin-1; Multifunctional adapter protein involved in diverse array of functions including trafficking of transmembrane proteins, neuro and immunomodulation, exosome biogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Positively regulates TGFB1-mediated SMAD2/3 activation and TGFB1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell migration in various cell types. May increase TGFB1 signaling by enhancing cell-surface expression of TGFR1 by preventing the interaction between TGFR1 and CAV1 and subsequent CAV1-dependent internalization and degradation of TGFR1. In concert with SDC1/4 and PDCD6IP, [...] (318 aa) |
| | CLDN23 | Claudin-23; Plays a major role in tight junction-specific obliteration of the intercellular space, through calcium-independent cell-adhesion activity. (292 aa) |
| | ADGRB1 | Adhesion G protein-coupled receptor B1; Phosphatidylserine receptor which enhances the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Also mediates the binding and engulfment of Gram-negative bacteria. Stimulates production of reactive oxygen species by macrophages in response to Gram-negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced microbicidal macrophage activity. In the gastric mucosa, required for recognition and engulfment of apoptotic gastric epithelial cells. Promotes myoblast fusion (By similarity). Activates the Rho pathway in a G-protein-dependent manner. Inhibits MDM2-mediated ubiquitination and de [...] (1584 aa) |
| | PTPRK | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase kappa; Regulation of processes involving cell contact and adhesion such as growth control, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Negative regulator of EGFR signaling pathway. Forms complexes with beta-catenin and gamma-catenin/plakoglobin. Beta-catenin may be a substrate for the catalytic activity of PTPRK/PTP-kappa. (1462 aa) |
| | PLEKHA7 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family A member 7; Required for zonula adherens biogenesis and maintenance. Acts via its interaction with CAMSAP3, which anchors microtubules at their minus-ends to zonula adherens, leading to the recruitment of KIFC3 kinesin to the junctional site. Mediates docking of ADAM10 to zonula adherens through a PDZD11- dependent interaction with the ADAM10-binding protein TSPAN33. (1271 aa) |
| | KIRREL3 | Processed kin of IRRE-like protein 3; Synaptic adhesion molecule required for the formation of target-specific synapses. Required for formation of target-specific synapses at hippocampal mossy fiber synapses. Required for formation of mossy fiber filopodia, the synaptic structures connecting dentate granule and GABA neurons. Probably acts as a homophilic adhesion molecule that promotes trans-cellular interactions and stabilize mossy fiber filipodia contact and subsequent synapse formation. Required for the coalescence of vomeronasal sensory neuron axons. May be involved in the hematopo [...] (778 aa) |
| | TNKS1BP1 | 182 kDa tankyrase-1-binding protein; Tankyrase 1 binding protein 1. (1729 aa) |
| | TJP2 | Tight junction protein ZO-2; Plays a role in tight junctions and adherens junctions. (1221 aa) |
| | PLEKHG5 | Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family G member 5; Functions as a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for RAB26 and thus regulates autophagy of synaptic vesicles in axon terminal of motoneurons (By similarity). Involved in the control of neuronal cell differentiation. Plays a role in angiogenesis through regulation of endothelial cells chemotaxis. Affects also the migration, adhesion, and matrix/bone degradation in macrophages and osteoclasts. (1085 aa) |
| | KIFC3 | Kinesin-like protein KIFC3; Minus-end microtubule-dependent motor protein. Involved in apically targeted transport (By similarity). Required for zonula adherens maintenance. (848 aa) |
| | CDCA3 | Cell division cycle-associated protein 3; F-box-like protein which is required for entry into mitosis. Acts by participating in E3 ligase complexes that mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of WEE1 kinase at G2/M phase (By similarity). (268 aa) |
| | FRS2 | Fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2; Adapter protein that links activated FGR and NGF receptors to downstream signaling pathways. Plays an important role in the activation of MAP kinases and in the phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, in response to ligand-mediated activation of FGFR1. Modulates signaling via SHC1 by competing for a common binding site on NTRK1. (508 aa) |
| | TGFBR1 | TGF-beta receptor type-1; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR2, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinog [...] (507 aa) |
| | LIN7A | Protein lin-7 homolog A; Plays a role in establishing and maintaining the asymmetric distribution of channels and receptors at the plasma membrane of polarized cells. Forms membrane-associated multiprotein complexes that may regulate delivery and recycling of proteins to the correct membrane domains. The tripartite complex composed of LIN7 (LIN7A, LIN7B or LIN7C), CASK and APBA1 may have the potential to couple synaptic vesicle exocytosis to cell adhesion in brain. Ensures the proper localization of GRIN2B (subunit 2B of the NMDA receptor) to neuronal postsynaptic density and may funct [...] (233 aa) |
| | ITGB3 | Integrin beta-3; Integrin alpha-V/beta-3 (ITGAV:ITGB3) is a receptor for cytotactin, fibronectin, laminin, matrix metalloproteinase-2, osteopontin, osteomodulin, prothrombin, thrombospondin, vitronectin and von Willebrand factor. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 (ITGA2B:ITGB3) is a receptor for fibronectin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, prothrombin, thrombospondin and vitronectin. Integrins alpha-IIb/beta-3 and alpha- V/beta-3 recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 recognizes the sequence H-H-L-G-G-G-A-K-Q-A- G-D-V in fibrinogen gamma chain. Following ac [...] (788 aa) |
| | CNN2 | Calponin-2; Thin filament-associated protein that is implicated in the regulation and modulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is capable of binding to actin, calmodulin, troponin C and tropomyosin. The interaction of calponin with actin inhibits the actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity. (330 aa) |
| | PECAM1 | Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions. Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes. Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions. Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutr [...] (738 aa) |
| | ACTG1 | Actin, cytoplasmic 2, N-terminally processed; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (375 aa) |
| | PTPRM | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu; Involved in cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. May play a key role in signal transduction and growth control. (1465 aa) |
| | GJD3 | Gap junction delta-3 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell; Belongs to the connexin family. Delta-type subfamily. (294 aa) |
| | TJP3 | Tight junction protein ZO-3; TJP1, TJP2, and TJP3 are closely related scaffolding proteins that link tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins such as claudins, junctional adhesion molecules, and occludin to the actin cytoskeleton. The tight junction acts to limit movement of substances through the paracellular space and as a boundary between the compositionally distinct apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains of epithelial and endothelial cells. Binds and recruits PATJ to tight junctions where it connects and stabilizes apical and lateral components of tight junctions. Promote [...] (928 aa) |
| | EVPL | Envoplakin; Component of the cornified envelope of keratinocytes. May link the cornified envelope to desmosomes and intermediate filaments. (2055 aa) |
| | GJC1 | Gap junction gamma-1 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (396 aa) |
| | FMN1 | Formin-1; Plays a role in the formation of adherens junction and the polymerization of linear actin cables; Belongs to the formin homology family. Cappuccino subfamily. (1419 aa) |
| | LSR | Lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor; Probable role in the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein from blood. Binds chylomicrons, LDL and VLDL in presence of free fatty acids and allows their subsequent uptake in the cells (By similarity); Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. LISCH7 family. (649 aa) |
| | FXYD1 | Phospholemman; Associates with and regulates the activity of the sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase (NKA) which transports Na(+) out of the cell and K(+) into the cell. Inhibits NKA activity in its unphosphorylated state and stimulates activity when phosphorylated. Reduces glutathionylation of the NKA beta-1 subunit ATP1B1, thus reversing glutathionylation-mediated inhibition of ATP1B1. Contributes to female sexual development by maintaining the excitability of neurons which secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone. (92 aa) |
| | EPPK1 | Epiplakin; Cytoskeletal linker protein that connects to intermediate filaments and controls their reorganization in response to stress. In response to mechanical stress like wound healing, is associated with the machinery for cellular motility by slowing down keratinocyte migration and proliferation and accelerating keratin bundling in proliferating keratinocytes thus contributing to tissue architecture. However in wound healing in corneal epithelium also positively regulates cell differentiation and proliferation and negatively regulates migration thereby controlling corneal epitheliu [...] (5088 aa) |
| | GJA5 | Gap junction alpha-5 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell. (358 aa) |
| | KCNA2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the cardiovascular system. Prevents aberrant action potential firing and regulates neuronal output. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form funct [...] (499 aa) |
| | RPGRIP1L | Protein fantom; Negatively regulates signaling through the G-protein coupled thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R). May be involved in mechanisms like programmed cell death, craniofacial development, patterning of the limbs, and formation of the left-right axis (By similarity). Involved in the organization of apical junctions; the function is proposed to implicate a NPHP1-4-8 module. Does not seem to be strictly required for ciliogenesis. Involved in establishment of planar cell polarity such as in cochlear sensory epithelium and is proposed to implicate stabilization of disheveled proteins [...] (1315 aa) |
| | PATJ | InaD-like protein; Scaffolding protein that may bring different proteins into adjacent positions at the cell membrane (Probable). May regulate protein targeting, cell polarity and integrity of tight junctions. May regulate the surface expression and/or function of ASIC3 in sensory neurons (By similarity). May recruit ARHGEF18 to apical cell-cell boundaries. (1882 aa) |
| | GJB6 | Gap junction beta-6 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell; Belongs to the connexin family. Beta-type (group I) subfamily. (261 aa) |
| | EPS8 | Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8; Signaling adapter that controls various cellular protrusions by regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics and architecture. Depending on its association with other signal transducers, can regulate different processes. Together with SOS1 and ABI1, forms a trimeric complex that participates in transduction of signals from Ras to Rac by activating the Rac-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity. Acts as a direct regulator of actin dynamics by binding actin filaments and has both barbed-end actin filament capping and acti [...] (822 aa) |
| | ACTB | Actin, cytoplasmic 1, N-terminally processed; Actin is a highly conserved protein that polymerizes to produce filaments that form cross-linked networks in the cytoplasm of cells. Actin exists in both monomeric (G-actin) and polymeric (F-actin) forms, both forms playing key functions, such as cell motility and contraction. In addition to their role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, G- and F-actin also localize in the nucleus, and regulate gene transcription and motility and repair of damaged DNA. (375 aa) |
| | CASK | Peripheral plasma membrane protein CASK; Multidomain scaffolding protein with a role in synaptic transmembrane protein anchoring and ion channel trafficking. Contributes to neural development and regulation of gene expression via interaction with the transcription factor TBR1. Binds to cell-surface proteins, including amyloid precursor protein, neurexins and syndecans. May mediate a link between the extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton via its interaction with syndecan and with the actin/spectrin-binding protein 4.1; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (921 aa) |
| | CTNNB1 | Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa) |
| | GRHL2 | Grainyhead-like protein 2 homolog; Transcription factor playing an important role in primary neurulation and in epithelial development. Binds directly to the consensus DNA sequence 5'- AACCGGTT-3' acting as an activator and repressor on distinct target genes (By similarity). During embryogenesis, plays unique and cooperative roles with GRHL3 in establishing distinct zones of primary neurulation. Essential for closure 3 (rostral end of the forebrain), functions cooperatively with GRHL3 in closure 2 (forebrain/midbrain boundary) and posterior neuropore closure (By similarity). Regulates [...] (625 aa) |
| | SH3BP1 | SH3 domain-binding protein 1; GTPase activating protein (GAP) which specifically converts GTP-bound Rho-type GTPases including RAC1 and CDC42 in their inactive GDP-bound form. By specifically inactivating RAC1 at the leading edge of migrating cells, it regulates the spatiotemporal organization of cell protrusions which is important for proper cell migration. Also negatively regulates CDC42 in the process of actin remodeling and the formation of epithelial cell junctions. Through its GAP activity toward RAC1 and/or CDC42 plays a specific role in phagocytosis of large particles. Specific [...] (701 aa) |
| | CDH5 | Cadherin-5; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins (By similarity). They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. This cadherin may play a important role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions (By similarity). It associates with alpha-catenin forming a link to the cytoskeleton. Acts in concert with KRIT1 and MPP5 to establish and maintain correct endothelial cell polarity and vascular lu [...] (784 aa) |
| | CD53 | Leukocyte surface antigen CD53; Required for efficient formation of myofibers in regenerating muscle at the level of cell fusion. May be involved in growth regulation in hematopoietic cells (By similarity). (219 aa) |
| | COL17A1 | 120 kDa linear IgA disease antigen; May play a role in the integrity of hemidesmosome and the attachment of basal keratinocytes to the underlying basement membrane. (1497 aa) |
| | NOTCH1 | Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1; Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged-1 (JAG1), Jagged-2 (JAG2) and Delta-1 (DLL1) to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Involved in the [...] (2555 aa) |
| | MIP | Lens fiber major intrinsic protein; Water channel. Channel activity is down- regulated by CALM when cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels are increased. May be responsible for regulating the osmolarity of the lens. Interactions between homotetramers from adjoining membranes may stabilize cell junctions in the eye lens core (By similarity). Plays a role in cell- to-cell adhesion and facilitates gap junction coupling ; Belongs to the MIP/aquaporin (TC 1.A.8) family. (263 aa) |
