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PLOD1 PLOD1 ABCC6 ABCC6 ACTA2 ACTA2 LOX LOX TGFB3 TGFB3 GATA5 GATA5 ANGPTL6 ANGPTL6 THSD1 THSD1 KDELR2 KDELR2 SMAD2 SMAD2 SMAD6 SMAD6 COL3A1 COL3A1 TENT5A TENT5A FBN1 FBN1 BGN BGN NKX2-5 NKX2-5 SMAD3 SMAD3 FOXE3 FOXE3 SMAD4 SMAD4 TGFBR2 TGFBR2 SLC2A10 SLC2A10 MFAP5 MFAP5 MYLK MYLK TGFB2 TGFB2 HEY2 HEY2 SURF1 SURF1 PRKG1 PRKG1 MBTPS2 MBTPS2 MYH11 MYH11 TGFBR1 TGFBR1 ENPP1 ENPP1 NOTCH1 NOTCH1
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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PLOD1Procollagen-lysine,2-oxoglutarate 5-dioxygenase 1; Part of a complex composed of PLOD1, P3H3 and P3H4 that catalyzes hydroxylation of lysine residues in collagen alpha chains and is required for normal assembly and cross-linkling of collagen fibrils (By similarity). Forms hydroxylysine residues in -Xaa-Lys- Gly- sequences in collagens. These hydroxylysines serve as sites of attachment for carbohydrate units and are essential for the stability of the intermolecular collagen cross-links (Probable). (727 aa)
ABCC6Multidrug resistance-associated protein 6; [Isoform 1]: May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Transports glutathione conjugates as leukotriene-c4 (LTC4) and N-ethylmaleimide S-glutathione (NEM-GS). Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily. (1503 aa)
ACTA2Actin, aortic smooth muscle, intermediate form; Actins are highly conserved proteins that are involved in various types of cell motility and are ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotic cells. (377 aa)
LOXProtein-lysine 6-oxidase, short form; Responsible for the post-translational oxidative deamination of peptidyl lysine residues in precursors to fibrous collagen and elastin. Regulator of Ras expression. May play a role in tumor suppression. Plays a role in the aortic wall architecture (By similarity); Belongs to the lysyl oxidase family. (417 aa)
TGFB3Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi appa [...] (412 aa)
GATA5Transcription factor GATA-5; Transcription factor required during cardiovascular development. Plays an important role in the transcriptional program(s) that underlies smooth muscle cell diversity (By similarity). Binds to the functionally important CEF-1 nuclear protein binding site in the cardiac-specific slow/cardiac troponin C transcriptional enhancer. (397 aa)
ANGPTL6Angiopoietin-related protein 6; May play a role in the wound healing process. May promote epidermal proliferation, remodeling and regeneration. May promote the chemotactic activity of endothelial cells and induce neovascularization. May counteract high-fat diet-induced obesity and related insulin resistance through increased energy expenditure. (470 aa)
THSD1Thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing protein 1; Thrombospondin type 1 domain containing 1. (852 aa)
KDELR2ER lumen protein-retaining receptor 2; Receptor for the C-terminal sequence motif K-D-E-L that is present on endoplasmic reticulum resident proteins and that mediates their recycling from the Golgi back to the endoplasmic reticulum. Binding is pH dependent, and is optimal at pH 5-5.4 (By similarity); Belongs to the ERD2 family. (212 aa)
SMAD2Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. (467 aa)
SMAD6Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6; Acts as a mediator of TGF-beta and BMP antiflammatory activity. Suppresses IL1R-TLR signaling through its direct interaction with PEL1, preventing NF-kappa-B activation, nuclear transport and NF- kappa-B-mediated expression of proinflammatory genes. May block the BMP-SMAD1 signaling pathway by competing with SMAD4 for receptor- activated SMAD1-binding. Binds to regulatory elements in target promoter regions. (496 aa)
COL3A1Collagen alpha-1(III) chain; Collagen type III occurs in most soft connective tissues along with type I collagen. Involved in regulation of cortical development. Is the major ligand of ADGRG1 in the developing brain and binding to ADGRG1 inhibits neuronal migration and activates the RhoA pathway by coupling ADGRG1 to GNA13 and possibly GNA12. (1466 aa)
TENT5ATerminal nucleotidyltransferase 5A; Probable nucleotidyltransferase that may act as a non- canonical poly(A) RNA polymerase. (442 aa)
FBN1Fibrillin-1; [Fibrillin-1]: Structural component of the 10-12 nm diameter microfibrils of the extracellular matrix, which conveys both structural and regulatory properties to load-bearing connective tissues. Fibrillin-1-containing microfibrils provide long-term force bearing structural support. In tissues such as the lung, blood vessels and skin, microfibrils form the periphery of the elastic fiber, acting as a scaffold for the deposition of elastin. In addition, microfibrils can occur as elastin-independent networks in tissues such as the ciliary zonule, tendon, cornea and glomerulus [...] (2871 aa)
BGNBiglycan; May be involved in collagen fiber assembly. (368 aa)
NKX2-5Homeobox protein Nkx-2.5; Implicated in commitment to and/or differentiation of the myocardial lineage. Acts as a transcriptional activator of ANF in cooperation with GATA4 (By similarity). Binds to the core DNA motif of NPPA promoter. It is transcriptionally controlled by PBX1 and acts as a transcriptional repressor of CDKN2B (By similarity). It is required for spleen development. (324 aa)
SMAD3Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa)
FOXE3Forkhead box protein E3; Transcription factor that controls lens epithelial cell growth through regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle. During lens development, controls the ratio of the lens fiber cells to the cells of the anterior lens epithelium by regulating the rate of proliferation and differentiation (By similarity). Controls lens vesicle closure and subsequent separation of the lens vesicle from ectoderm (By similarity). Controls the expression of DNAJB1 in a pathway that is crucial for the development of the anterior segment of the eye. (319 aa)
SMAD4Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; In muscle physiology, plays a central role in the balance between atrophy and hypertrophy. When recruited by MSTN, promotes atrophy response via phosphorylated SMAD2/4. MSTN decrease causes SMAD4 release and subsequent recruitment by the BMP pathway to promote hypertrophy via phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Acts synergistically with SMAD1 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac- specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'- GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (By [...] (552 aa)
TGFBR2TGF-beta receptor type-2; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinoge [...] (592 aa)
SLC2A10Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 10; Facilitative glucose transporter required for the development of the cardiovascular system; Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sugar transporter (TC 2.A.1.1) family. Glucose transporter subfamily. (541 aa)
MFAP5Microfibrillar-associated protein 5; May play a role in hematopoiesis. In the cardiovascular system, could regulate growth factors or participate in cell signaling in maintaining large vessel integrity (By similarity). Component of the elastin-associated microfibrils. (173 aa)
MYLKMyosin light chain kinase, smooth muscle, deglutamylated form; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase implicated in smooth muscle contraction via phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC). Also regulates actin-myosin interaction through a non-kinase activity. Phosphorylates PTK2B/PYK2 and myosin light-chains. Involved in the inflammatory response (e.g. apoptosis, vascular permeability, leukocyte diapedesis), cell motility and morphology, airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. Required for tonic airway smooth muscle contraction that is necessa [...] (1914 aa)
TGFB2Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth fact [...] (442 aa)
HEY2Hairy/enhancer-of-split related with YRPW motif protein 2; Downstream effector of Notch signaling which may be required for cardiovascular development. Transcriptional repressor which binds preferentially to the canonical E box sequence 5'-CACGTG-3'. Represses transcription by the cardiac transcriptional activators GATA4 and GATA6; Belongs to the HEY family. (337 aa)
SURF1Surfeit locus protein 1; Component of the MITRAC (mitochondrial translation regulation assembly intermediate of cytochrome c oxidase complex) complex, that regulates cytochrome c oxidase assembly. (300 aa)
PRKG1cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as key mediator of the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP signaling pathway. GMP binding activates PRKG1, which phosphorylates serines and threonines on many cellular proteins. Numerous protein targets for PRKG1 phosphorylation are implicated in modulating cellular calcium, but the contribution of each of these targets may vary substantially among cell types. Proteins that are phosphorylated by PRKG1 regulate platelet activation and adhesion, smooth muscle contraction, cardiac function, gene expression, feedback of the NO-s [...] (686 aa)
MBTPS2Membrane-bound transcription factor site-2 protease; Involved in regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) that is the cleavage of membrane-spanning regulatory proteins by proteases within the plane of the membrane. It cleaves sterol-regulatory element- binding proteins (SREBPs) within the first transmembrane segment, thereby releasing the N-terminal segment with a portion of the transmembrane segment attached. Mature N-terminal fragments shuttle to the nucleus and activate gene transcription. Involved in RIP-mediated regulation of bone formation. (519 aa)
MYH11Myosin-11; Muscle contraction; Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Myosin family. (1979 aa)
TGFBR1TGF-beta receptor type-1; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR2, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinog [...] (507 aa)
ENPP1Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1, secreted form; Nucleotide pyrophosphatase that generates diphosphate (PPi) and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by regulating pyrophosphate levels (By similarity). PPi inhibits bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification by binding to nascent hydroxyapatite crystals, thereby preventing further growth of these crystals. Preferentially hydrolyzes ATP, but can also hydrolyze other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release [...] (925 aa)
NOTCH1Neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 1; Functions as a receptor for membrane-bound ligands Jagged-1 (JAG1), Jagged-2 (JAG2) and Delta-1 (DLL1) to regulate cell-fate determination. Upon ligand activation through the released notch intracellular domain (NICD) it forms a transcriptional activator complex with RBPJ/RBPSUH and activates genes of the enhancer of split locus. Affects the implementation of differentiation, proliferation and apoptotic programs. Involved in angiogenesis; negatively regulates endothelial cell proliferation and migration and angiogenic sprouting. Involved in the [...] (2555 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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