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PSMA4 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-4; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (261 aa) | ||||
PSMC4 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6B; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC4 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated wit [...] (418 aa) | ||||
PSMD5 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 5; Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). In the initial step of the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD5:PSMC2:PSMC1:PSMD2 module which probably assembles with a PSMD10:PSMC4:PSMC5:PAAF1 module followed by dissociation of PSMD5. (504 aa) | ||||
PSMD8 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair; Belongs to the proteasome subunit S14 family. (350 aa) | ||||
RBX1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1, N-terminally processed; E3 ubiquitin ligase component of multiple cullin-RING-based E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (CRLs) complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, including proteins involved in cell cycle progression, signal transduction, transcription and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. CRLs complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins, ARIH1 mediating addition of the first ubiquitin on CRLs targets. The functional specificity of the E [...] (108 aa) | ||||
PSMA3 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-3; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (255 aa) | ||||
PSME2 | Proteasome activator complex subunit 2; Implicated in immunoproteasome assembly and required for efficient antigen processing. The PA28 activator complex enhances the generation of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome. (239 aa) | ||||
PSMD10 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 10; Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). In the initial step of the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD10:PSMC4:PSMC5:PAAF1 module which probably assembles with a PSMD5:PSMC2:PSMC1:PSMD2 module. Independently of the proteasome, regulates EGF-induced AKT activation through inhibition of the RHOA/ROCK/PTEN pathway, leading to prolonged AKT activation. Plays an important role in RAS-induced tumorigenesis. (226 aa) | ||||
PSMD7 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair; Belongs to the peptidase M67A family. (324 aa) | ||||
PSMA2 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-2; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (234 aa) | ||||
GLI1 | Zinc finger protein GLI1; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-GACCACCCA-3'. Regulates the transcription of specific genes during normal development. Plays a role in craniofacial development and digital development, as well as development of the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Mediates SHH signaling. Plays a role in cell proliferation and differentiation via its role in SHH signaling. Belongs to the GLI C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (1106 aa) | ||||
SMO | Smoothened homolog; G protein-coupled receptor that probably associates with the patched protein (PTCH) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Binding of sonic hedgehog (SHH) to its receptor patched is thought to prevent normal inhibition by patched of smoothened (SMO). Required for the accumulation of KIF7, GLI2 and GLI3 in the cilia. Interacts with DLG5 at the ciliary base to induce the accumulation of KIF7 and GLI2 at the ciliary tip for GLI2 activation (By similarity). (787 aa) | ||||
DZIP1 | Zinc finger protein DZIP1; May participate in spermatogenesis via its interaction with DAZ. Has a role in primary cilium formation ; Belongs to the DZIP C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (867 aa) | ||||
PSMB7 | Proteasome subunit beta type-7; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (277 aa) | ||||
PSMC1 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 4; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC1 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated with [...] (440 aa) | ||||
PSMA6 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-6; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (246 aa) | ||||
PSMD11 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. In the complex, PSMD11 is required for proteasome assembly. P [...] (422 aa) | ||||
CSNK1A1 | Casein kinase I isoform alpha; Casein kinases are operationally defined by their preferential utilization of acidic proteins such as caseins as substrates. It can phosphorylate a large number of proteins. Participates in Wnt signaling. Phosphorylates CTNNB1 at 'Ser-45'. May phosphorylate PER1 and PER2. May play a role in segregating chromosomes during mitosis. May play a role in keratin cytoskeleton disassembly and thereby, it may regulate epithelial cell migration. (365 aa) | ||||
PSMB1 | Proteasome subunit beta type-1; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (241 aa) | ||||
SMURF2 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF2; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Interacts with SMAD1 and SMAD7 in order to trigger their ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. In addition, interaction with SMAD7 activates autocatalytic degradation, which is prevented by interaction with SCYE1. Forms a stable complex with the TGF-beta receptor-mediated phosphorylated SMAD2 and SMAD3. In this way, SMAD2 may recruit substrates, such as [...] (748 aa) | ||||
CUL3 | Cullin-3; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3- RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. BCR complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cu [...] (768 aa) | ||||
PSMD3 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair; Belongs to the proteasome subunit S3 family. (534 aa) | ||||
EVC | Ellis-van Creveld syndrome protein; Component of the EvC complex that positively regulates ciliary Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Involved in endochondral growth and skeletal development. (992 aa) | ||||
GAS8 | Dynein regulatory complex subunit 4; Component of the nexin-dynein regulatory complex (N-DRC), a key regulator of ciliary/flagellar motility which maintains the alignment and integrity of the distal axoneme and regulates microtubule sliding in motile axonemes. Plays an important role in the assembly of the N-DRC linker (By similarity). Plays dual roles at both the primary (or non-motile) cilia to regulate hedgehog signaling and in motile cilia to coordinate cilia movement. Required for proper motile cilia functioning. Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh [...] (478 aa) | ||||
PSMB6 | Proteasome subunit beta type-6; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (239 aa) | ||||
PSMA5 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-5; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (241 aa) | ||||
RPS27A | Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be i [...] (156 aa) | ||||
BOC | Brother of CDO; Component of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells. Promotes differentiation of myogenic cells. (1115 aa) | ||||
SPOPL | Speckle-type POZ protein-like; Component of a cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins, but with relatively low efficiency. Cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes containing homodimeric SPOPL or the heterodimer formed by SPOP and SPOPL are less efficient than ubiquitin ligase complexes containing only SPOP. May function to down-regulate the activity of cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complexes [...] (392 aa) | ||||
PSMB4 | Proteasome subunit beta type-4; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (264 aa) | ||||
PSME3 | Proteasome activator complex subunit 3; Subunit of the 11S REG-gamma (also called PA28-gamma) proteasome regulator, a doughnut-shaped homoheptamer which associates with the proteasome. 11S REG-gamma activates the trypsin-like catalytic subunit of the proteasome but inhibits the chymotrypsin-like and postglutamyl-preferring (PGPH) subunits. Facilitates the MDM2-p53/TP53 interaction which promotes ubiquitination- and MDM2-dependent proteasomal degradation of p53/TP53, limiting its accumulation and resulting in inhibited apoptosis after DNA damage. May also be involved in cell cycle regul [...] (267 aa) | ||||
IHH | Indian hedgehog protein C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. Binds to the patched (PTC) receptor, which functions in association with smoothened (SMO), to activate the transcription of target genes. Implicated in endochondral ossification: may regulate the balance between growth and ossification of the developing bones. Induces the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHRP) (By similarity). (411 aa) | ||||
HHIP | Hedgehog-interacting protein; Modulates hedgehog signaling in several cell types including brain and lung through direct interaction with members of the hedgehog family; Belongs to the HHIP family. (700 aa) | ||||
SHH | Sonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity (By similarity). Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN (By similarity). Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic (By similarity). Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). (462 aa) | ||||
GAS1 | Growth arrest-specific protein 1; Specific growth arrest protein involved in growth suppression. Blocks entry to S phase. Prevents cycling of normal and transformed cells. (345 aa) | ||||
PSMD1 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair; Belongs to the proteasome subunit S1 family. (953 aa) | ||||
PSMD2 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair; Belongs to the proteasome subunit S2 family. (908 aa) | ||||
PSMC5 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 8; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC5 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated with [...] (406 aa) | ||||
PSMA8 | Proteasome subunit alpha-type 8; Component of the spermatoproteasome, a proteasome specifically found in testis that promotes acetylation-dependent degradation of histones, thereby participating actively to the exchange of histones during spermatogenesis. The proteasome is a protein complexe that degrades unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds. Required for 20S core proteasome assembly, essential for the degradation of meiotic proteins RAD51 and RPA1 at late prophase I and the progression of meiosis I during spermatogenesis. Localizes [...] (256 aa) | ||||
GRK2 | Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1; Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling. Competes with RALA for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Desensitizes LPAR1 and LPAR2 in a phosphorylation- independent manner. Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by facilitating the trafficking of SMO into the cilium and the stimulation of SMO activity (By similarity). Belong [...] (689 aa) | ||||
PTCH1 | Protein patched homolog 1; Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis. Belongs to the patched family. (1447 aa) | ||||
PSMF1 | Proteasome inhibitor PI31 subunit; Plays an important role in control of proteasome function. Inhibits the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates by the 20S proteasome. Also inhibits the activation of the proteasome by the proteasome regulatory proteins PA700 and PA28. Belongs to the proteasome inhibitor PI31 family. (271 aa) | ||||
EVC2 | Limbin; Component of the EvC complex that positively regulates ciliary Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Plays a critical role in bone formation and skeletal development. May be involved in early embryonic morphogenesis. (1308 aa) | ||||
PSMD12 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. (456 aa) | ||||
PSMB10 | Proteasome subunit beta type-10; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides. (273 aa) | ||||
SMURF1 | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SMURF1; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that acts as a negative regulator of BMP signaling pathway. Mediates ubiquitination and degradation of SMAD1 and SMAD5, 2 receptor-regulated SMADs specific for the BMP pathway. Promotes ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of TRAF family members and RHOA. Promotes ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of MAVS. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (757 aa) | ||||
PSMB5 | Proteasome subunit beta type-5; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (263 aa) | ||||
CDC73 | Parafibromin; Tumor suppressor probably involved in transcriptional and post-transcriptional control pathways. May be involved in cell cycle progression through the regulation of cyclin D1/PRAD1 expression. Component of the PAF1 complex (PAF1C) which has multiple functions during transcription by RNA polymerase II and is implicated in regulation of development and maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. PAF1C associates with RNA polymerase II through interaction with POLR2A CTD non-phosphorylated and 'Ser-2'- and 'Ser- 5'-phosphorylated forms and is involved in transcriptional [...] (531 aa) | ||||
PSMD4 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMD4 acts as an ubiquitin receptor subunit through ubiquitin- [...] (380 aa) | ||||
SUFU | Suppressor of fused homolog; Negative regulator in the hedgehog/smoothened signaling pathway. Down-regulates GLI1-mediated transactivation of target genes. Down-regulates GLI2-mediated transactivation of target genes. Part of a corepressor complex that acts on DNA-bound GLI1. May also act by linking GLI1 to BTRC and thereby targeting GLI1 to degradation by the proteasome. Sequesters GLI1, GLI2 and GLI3 in the cytoplasm, this effect is overcome by binding of STK36 to both SUFU and a GLI protein. Negative regulator of beta-catenin signaling (By similarity). Regulates the formation of eit [...] (484 aa) | ||||
PSMA7 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-7; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (248 aa) | ||||
EFCAB7 | EF-hand calcium-binding domain-containing protein 7; Component of the EvC complex that positively regulates ciliary Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Required for the localization of the EVC2:EVC subcomplex at the base of primary cilia. (629 aa) | ||||
PSMB2 | Proteasome subunit beta type-2; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (201 aa) | ||||
PSMB9 | Proteasome subunit beta type-9; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides. Replacement of PSMB6 by PSMB9 increases the capacity of the immunoproteasome to cleave model peptides after hydrophobic and basic residues. (219 aa) | ||||
PSMB8 | Proteasome subunit beta type-8; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. This subunit is involved in antigen processing to generate class I binding peptides. Replacement of PSMB5 by PSMB8 increases the capacity of the immunoproteasome to cleave model peptides after hydrophobic and basic residues. Involved in the generation of spliced peptides resulting from the liga [...] (276 aa) | ||||
PSME1 | Proteasome activator complex subunit 1; Implicated in immunoproteasome assembly and required for efficient antigen processing. The PA28 activator complex enhances the generation of class I binding peptides by altering the cleavage pattern of the proteasome. (250 aa) | ||||
CDON | Cell adhesion molecule-related/down-regulated by oncogenes; Component of a cell-surface receptor complex that mediates cell-cell interactions between muscle precursor cells. Promotes differentiation of myogenic cells (By similarity). (1287 aa) | ||||
SPOP | Speckle-type POZ protein; Component of a cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex that mediates the ubiquitination of target proteins, leading most often to their proteasomal degradation. In complex with CUL3, involved in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of BRMS1, DAXX, PDX1/IPF1, GLI2 and GLI3. In complex with CUL3, involved in ubiquitination of MACROH2A1 and BMI1; this does not lead to their proteasomal degradation. Inhibits transcriptional activation of PDX1/IPF1 targets, such as insulin, by promoting PDX1/IPF1 degradation. The cullin-RING- [...] (374 aa) | ||||
KIF7 | Kinesin-like protein KIF7; Essential for hedgehog signaling regulation: acts as both a negative and positive regulator of sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Indian hedgehog (Ihh) pathways, acting downstream of SMO, through both SUFU- dependent and -independent mechanisms. Involved in the regulation of microtubular dynamics. Required for proper organization of the ciliary tip and control of ciliary localization of SUFU-GLI2 complexes (By similarity). Required for localization of GLI3 to cilia in response to Shh. Negatively regulates Shh signaling by preventing inappropriate activation of the tran [...] (1343 aa) | ||||
GLI3 | Transcriptional repressor GLI3R; Has a dual function as a transcriptional activator and a repressor of the sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, and plays a role in limb development. The full-length GLI3 form (GLI3FL) after phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, acts as an activator (GLI3A) while GLI3R, its C-terminally truncated form, acts as a repressor. A proper balance between the GLI3 activator and the repressor GLI3R, rather than the repressor gradient itself or the activator/repressor ratio gradient, specifies limb digit number and identity. In concert with TRPS1, plays a role in re [...] (1580 aa) | ||||
PSME4 | Proteasome activator complex subunit 4; Associated component of the proteasome that specifically recognizes acetylated histones and promotes ATP- and ubiquitin- independent degradation of core histones during spermatogenesis and DNA damage response. Recognizes and binds acetylated histones via its bromodomain-like (BRDL) region and activates the proteasome by opening the gated channel for substrate entry. Binds to the core proteasome via its C-terminus, which occupies the same binding sites as the proteasomal ATPases, opening the closed structure of the proteasome via an active gating [...] (1843 aa) | ||||
KIF3A | Kinesin-like protein KIF3A; Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. Plus end-directed microtubule sliding activity in vitro. Plays a role in primary cilia formation. Plays a role in centriole cohesion and subdistal appendage organization and function. Regulates the formation of the subdistal appendage via recruitment of DCTN1 to the centriole. Also required for ciliary basal feet formation and microtubule anchoring to mother centriole. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin II subfamily. (726 aa) | ||||
PSMB11 | Proteasome subunit beta type-11; The proteasome is a multicatalytic proteinase complex which is characterized by its ability to cleave peptides with Arg, Phe, Tyr, Leu, and Glu adjacent to the leaving group at neutral or slightly basic pH. The proteasome has an ATP-dependent proteolytic activity. Incorporated instead of PSMB5 or PSMB8, this unit reduces the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome (By similarity). Plays a pivotal role in development of CD8-positive T cells (By similarity). Belongs to the peptidase T1B family. (300 aa) | ||||
PSMD14 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. The PSMD14 subunit is a metalloprotease that specifically cle [...] (310 aa) | ||||
UBA52 | Ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be in [...] (128 aa) | ||||
GLI2 | Zinc finger protein GLI2; Functions as transcription regulator in the hedgehog (Hh) pathway. Functions as transcriptional activator. May also function as transcriptional repressor (By similarity). Requires STK36 for full transcriptional activator activity. Required for normal embryonic development. [Isoform 5]: Acts as a transcriptional repressor. (1586 aa) | ||||
PSMC2 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 7; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC2 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated with [...] (433 aa) | ||||
PSMD13 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 13; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. (378 aa) | ||||
ULK3 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK3; Serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a regulator of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling and autophagy. Acts as a negative regulator of SHH signaling in the absence of SHH ligand: interacts with SUFU, thereby inactivating the protein kinase activity and preventing phosphorylation of GLI proteins (GLI1, GLI2 and/or GLI3). Positively regulates SHH signaling in the presence of SHH: dissociates from SUFU, autophosphorylates and mediates phosphorylation of GLI2, activating it and promoting its nuclear translocation. Phosphorylates in vitro GLI2, as we [...] (472 aa) | ||||
ARRB2 | Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (430 aa) | ||||
ARRB1 | Beta-arrestin-1; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (418 aa) | ||||
PSMA1 | Proteasome subunit alpha type-1; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pr [...] (269 aa) | ||||
PSMD6 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair; Belongs to the proteasome subunit S10 family. (442 aa) | ||||
PSMD9 | 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9; Acts as a chaperone during the assembly of the 26S proteasome, specifically of the base subcomplex of the PA700/19S regulatory complex (RC). During the base subcomplex assembly is part of an intermediate PSMD9:PSMC6:PSMC3 module, also known as modulator trimer complex; PSMD9 is released during the further base assembly process. (223 aa) | ||||
GPR161 | G-protein coupled receptor 161; Key negative regulator of Shh signaling, which promotes the processing of GLI3 into GLI3R during neural tube development. Recruited by TULP3 and the IFT-A complex to primary cilia and acts as a regulator of the PKA-dependent basal repression machinery in Shh signaling by increasing cAMP levels, leading to promote the PKA-dependent processing of GLI3 into GLI3R and repress the Shh signaling. In presence of SHH, it is removed from primary cilia and is internalized into recycling endosomes, preventing its activity and allowing activation of the Shh signalin [...] (549 aa) | ||||
UBC | Polyubiquitin-C; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair [...] (685 aa) | ||||
NUMB | Protein numb homolog; Plays a role in the process of neurogenesis. Required throughout embryonic neurogenesis to maintain neural progenitor cells, also called radial glial cells (RGCs), by allowing their daughter cells to choose progenitor over neuronal cell fate. Not required for the proliferation of neural progenitor cells before the onset of neurogenesis. Also involved postnatally in the subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis by regulating SVZ neuroblasts survival and ependymal wall integrity. May also mediate local repair of brain ventricular wall damage. (651 aa) | ||||
UBB | Polyubiquitin-B; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair [...] (229 aa) | ||||
IQCE | IQ domain-containing protein E; Component of the EvC complex that positively regulates ciliary Hedgehog (Hh) signaling (By similarity). Required for proper limb morphogenesis. (702 aa) | ||||
PSMC3 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 6A; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC3 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated wit [...] (439 aa) | ||||
PSMB3 | Proteasome subunit beta type-3; Component of the 20S core proteasome complex involved in the proteolytic degradation of most intracellular proteins. This complex plays numerous essential roles within the cell by associating with different regulatory particles. Associated with two 19S regulatory particles, forms the 26S proteasome and thus participates in the ATP- dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. The 26S proteasome plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins that could impair cellular functions, and by removing pro [...] (205 aa) | ||||
PSMC6 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC6 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated wi [...] (403 aa) | ||||
DHH | Desert hedgehog protein C-product; Intercellular signal essential for a variety of patterning events during development. May function as a spermatocyte survival factor in the testes. Essential for testes development. (396 aa) | ||||
ITCH | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog; Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Catalyzes 'Lys-29'-, 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin conjugation. Involved in the control of inflammatory signaling pathways. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also TNFAIP3, TAX1BP1 and RNF11, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. Promotes the association of the complex after [...] (903 aa) |