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| | ST6GAL1 | Beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1; Transfers sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose- containing acceptor substrates. (406 aa) |
| | RIPK3 | Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 3; Essential for necroptosis, a programmed cell death process in response to death-inducing TNF-alpha family members. Upon induction of necrosis, RIPK3 interacts with, and phosphorylates RIPK1 and MLKL to form a necrosis-inducing complex. RIPK3 binds to and enhances the activity of three metabolic enzymes: GLUL, GLUD1, and PYGL. These metabolic enzymes may eventually stimulate the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, which could result in enhanced ROS production. Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. TKL Ser/T [...] (518 aa) |
| | NFKBIA | NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha; Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription. (317 aa) |
| | CHMP4B | Charged multivesicular body protein 4b; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (224 aa) |
| | GSK3A | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 alpha; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC and AXIN1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. Contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glycogen synthesis. Regulates glycogen metabolism in liver, but not in muscle (B [...] (483 aa) |
| | ST6GALNAC2 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2; Catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylneuraminyl groups onto glycan chains in glycoproteins. (374 aa) |
| | DDX5 | Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX5; Involved in the alternative regulation of pre-mRNA splicing; its RNA helicase activity is necessary for increasing tau exon 10 inclusion and occurs in a RBM4-dependent manner. Binds to the tau pre- mRNA in the stem-loop region downstream of exon 10. The rate of ATP hydrolysis is highly stimulated by single-stranded RNA. Involved in transcriptional regulation; the function is independent of the RNA helicase activity. Transcriptional coactivator for androgen receptor AR but probably not ESR1. Synergizes with DDX17 and SRA1 RNA to activate MYOD1 t [...] (614 aa) |
| | NFKB1 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dime [...] (969 aa) |
| | RPS12 | Ribosomal protein S12. (132 aa) |
| | NMI | N-myc-interactor; May be involved in augmenting coactivator protein recruitment to a group of sequence-specific transcription factors. Augments cytokine-mediated STAT transcription. Enhances CBP/p300 coactivator protein recruitment to STAT1 and STAT5; Belongs to the NMI family. (307 aa) |
| | CANX | Calnexin; Calcium-binding protein that interacts with newly synthesized glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. It may act in assisting protein assembly and/or in the retention within the ER of unassembled protein subunits. It seems to play a major role in the quality control apparatus of the ER by the retention of incorrectly folded proteins. Associated with partial T-cell antigen receptor complexes that escape the ER of immature thymocytes, it may function as a signaling complex regulating thymocyte maturation. Additionally it may play a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis at t [...] (592 aa) |
| | PYCARD | Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD; Functions as key mediator in apoptosis and inflammation. Promotes caspase-mediated apoptosis involving predominantly caspase-8 and also caspase-9 in a probable cell type-specific manner. Involved in activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, promotes caspase-8- dependent proteolytic maturation of BID independently of FADD in certain cell types and also mediates mitochondrial translocation of BAX and activates BAX-dependent apoptosis coupled to activation of caspase- 9, -2 and -3. Involved in macrophage pyroptosis, a cas [...] (195 aa) |
| | YWHAH | 14-3-3 protein eta; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negatively regulates the kinase activity of PDPK1. (246 aa) |
| | RPS4Y1 | Ribosomal protein S4 Y-linked 1; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family. (263 aa) |
| | BST2 | Bone marrow stromal antigen 2; IFN-induced antiviral host restriction factor which efficiently blocks the release of diverse mammalian enveloped viruses by directly tethering nascent virions to the membranes of infected cells. Acts as a direct physical tether, holding virions to the cell membrane and linking virions to each other. The tethered virions can be internalized by endocytosis and subsequently degraded or they can remain on the cell surface. In either case, their spread as cell-free virions is restricted. Its target viruses belong to diverse families, including retroviridae: h [...] (180 aa) |
| | IRAK2 | Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-like 2; Binds to the IL-1 type I receptor following IL-1 engagement, triggering intracellular signaling cascades leading to transcriptional up-regulation and mRNA stabilization. (625 aa) |
| | VHL | Von Hippel-Lindau disease tumor suppressor; Involved in the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation via the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitination complex. Seems to act as a target recruitment subunit in the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and recruits hydroxylated hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) under normoxic conditions. Involved in transcriptional repression through interaction with HIF1A, HIF1AN and histone deacetylases. Ubiquitinates, in an oxygen-responsive manner, ADRB2; Belongs to the VHL family. (213 aa) |
| | RIPK1 | Receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1; Serine-threonine kinase which is a key regulator of both cell death and cell survival. Exhibits kinase activity- dependent functions that trigger cell death and kinase-independent scaffold functions regulating inflammatory signaling and cell survival. Initiates ripoptocide which describes cell death that is dependent on RIPK1, be it apoptosis or necroptosis. Upon binding of TNF to TNFR1, RIPK1 is recruited to the TNF-R1 signaling complex (TNF-RSC also known as complex I) where it acts as a scaffold protein promoting cell survival, [...] (671 aa) |
| | PPIG | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase G; PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding. May be implicated in the folding, transport, and assembly of proteins. May play an important role in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. (754 aa) |
| | MPP5 | MAGUK p55 subfamily member 5; Plays a role in tight junction biogenesis and in the establishment of cell polarity in epithelial cells. Also involved in adherens junction biogenesis by ensuring correct localization of the exocyst complex protein EXOC4/SEC8 which allows trafficking of adherens junction structural component CDH1 to the cell surface (By similarity). Plays a role through its interaction with CDH5 in vascular lumen formation and endothelial membrane polarity. Required during embryonic and postnatal retinal development (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of cerebell [...] (675 aa) |
| | PARP16 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP16; Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that may play a role in different processes through the mono-ADP-ribosylation of proteins involved in those processes. May play a role in the unfolded protein response (UPR), by ADP-ribosylating and activating EIF2AK3 and ERN1, two important UPR effectors. May also mediate mono-ADP- ribosylation of karyopherin KPNB1 a nuclear import factor. May not modify proteins on arginine or cysteine residues compared to other mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases. (323 aa) |
| | PIK3C3 | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; Catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Involved in the transport of lysosomal enzyme precursors to lysosomes. Requ [...] (887 aa) |
| | EP300 | Histone acetyltransferase p300; Functions as histone acetyltransferase and regulates transcription via chromatin remodeling. Acetylates all four core histones in nucleosomes. Histone acetylation gives an epigenetic tag for transcriptional activation. Mediates cAMP-gene regulation by binding specifically to phosphorylated CREB protein. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-122' (H3K122ac), a modification that localizes at the surface of the histone octamer and stimulates transcription, possibly by promoting nucleosome instability. Mediates acetylation of histone H3 at 'Lys-27' (H3K [...] (2414 aa) |
| | CHMP2B | Charged multivesicular body protein 2b; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (213 aa) |
| | CHMP3 | Charged multivesicular body protein 3; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential function [...] (222 aa) |
| | YWHAE | 14-3-3 protein epsilon; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner (By similarity). Positively regulates phosphorylated protein HSF1 nuclear export to the cytoplasm. (255 aa) |
| | ZCRB1 | Zinc finger CCHC-type and RNA binding motif containing 1. (217 aa) |
| | RB1 | Retinoblastoma-associated protein; Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransfer [...] (928 aa) |
| | GALNT1 | Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1 soluble form; Catalyzes the initial reaction in O-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis, the transfer of an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residue to a serine or threonine residue on the protein receptor. Has a broad spectrum of substrates for peptides such as EA2, Muc5AC, Muc1a, Muc1b and Muc7. (559 aa) |
| | RPS11 | Ribosomal protein S11; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS17 family. (158 aa) |
| | RPS27A | Ubiquitin-40S ribosomal protein S27a; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be i [...] (156 aa) |
| | RPS3 | 40S ribosomal protein S3; Involved in translation as a component of the 40S small ribosomal subunit. Has endonuclease activity and plays a role in repair of damaged DNA. Cleaves phosphodiester bonds of DNAs containing altered bases with broad specificity and cleaves supercoiled DNA more efficiently than relaxed DNA. Displays high binding affinity for 7,8-dihydro- 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), a common DNA lesion caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Has also been shown to bind with similar affinity to intact and damaged DNA. Stimulates the N-glycosylase activity of the base excision protei [...] (259 aa) |
| | PARP8 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP8; Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates mono-ADP- ribosylation of target proteins. (854 aa) |
| | TOMM70 | Mitochondrial import receptor subunit TOM70; Receptor that accelerates the import of all mitochondrial precursor proteins. (608 aa) |
| | KPNB1 | Importin subunit beta-1; Functions in nuclear protein import, either in association with an adapter protein, like an importin-alpha subunit, which binds to nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo substrates, or by acting as autonomous nuclear transport receptor. Acting autonomously, serves itself as NLS receptor. Docking of the importin/substrate complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated by KPNB1 through binding to nucleoporin FxFG repeats and the complex is subsequently translocated through the pore by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism. At the nucleoplasmic [...] (876 aa) |
| | RPS23 | 40S ribosomal protein S23; Component of the ribosome, a large ribonucleoprotein complex responsible for the synthesis of proteins in the cell. The small ribosomal subunit (SSU) binds messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and translates the encoded message by selecting cognate aminoacyl-transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules. The large subunit (LSU) contains the ribosomal catalytic site termed the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), which catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds, thereby polymerizing the amino acids delivered by tRNAs into a polypeptide chain. The nascent polypeptides leave the ribosome through [...] (143 aa) |
| | NPM1 | Nucleophosmin; Involved in diverse cellular processes such as ribosome biogenesis, centrosome duplication, protein chaperoning, histone assembly, cell proliferation, and regulation of tumor suppressors p53/TP53 and ARF. Binds ribosome presumably to drive ribosome nuclear export. Associated with nucleolar ribonucleoprotein structures and bind single-stranded nucleic acids. Acts as a chaperonin for the core histones H3, H2B and H4. Stimulates APEX1 endonuclease activity on apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) double-stranded DNA but inhibits APEX1 endonuclease activity on AP single-stranded RNA. M [...] (294 aa) |
| | CHMP4C | Charged multivesicular body protein 4c; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (233 aa) |
| | PPIB | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase B; PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding. (216 aa) |
| | RUNX1 | Runt-related transcription factor 1; Forms the heterodimeric complex core-binding factor (CBF) with CBFB. RUNX members modulate the transcription of their target genes through recognizing the core consensus binding sequence 5'- TGTGGT-3', or very rarely, 5'-TGCGGT-3', within their regulatory regions via their runt domain, while CBFB is a non-DNA-binding regulatory subunit that allosterically enhances the sequence-specific DNA-binding capacity of RUNX. The heterodimers bind to the core site of a number of enhancers and promoters, including murine leukemia virus, polyomavirus enhancer, T [...] (480 aa) |
| | YWHAG | 14-3-3 protein gamma, N-terminally processed; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. (247 aa) |
| | PPIH | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase H; PPIase that catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides and may therefore assist protein folding. Participates in pre-mRNA splicing. May play a role in the assembly of the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome. May act as a chaperone. (177 aa) |
| | CHMP6 | Charged multivesicular body protein 6; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential function [...] (201 aa) |
| | RPS15A | 40S ribosomal protein S15a; Structural component of the ribosome. Required for proper erythropoiesis. (130 aa) |
| | TRIM25 | E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25; Functions as a ubiquitin E3 ligase and as an ISG15 E3 ligase. Involved in innate immune defense against viruses by mediating ubiquitination of DDX58 and IFIH1. Mediates 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination of the DDX58 N-terminal CARD-like region and may play a role in signal transduction that leads to the production of interferons in response to viral infection. Mediates 'Lys-63'- linked polyubiquitination of IFIH1. Promotes ISGylation of 14-3-3 sigma (SFN), an adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum signaling pathway. Mediates [...] (630 aa) |
| | GSK3B | Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta; Constitutively active protein kinase that acts as a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis, Wnt signaling and regulation of transcription factors and microtubules, by phosphorylating and inactivating glycogen synthase (GYS1 or GYS2), EIF2B, CTNNB1/beta-catenin, APC, AXIN1, DPYSL2/CRMP2, JUN, NFATC1/NFATC, MAPT/TAU and MACF1. Requires primed phosphorylation of the majority of its substrates. In skeletal muscle, contributes to insulin regulation of glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating and inhibiting GYS1 activity and hence glyc [...] (433 aa) |
| | ST6GALNAC3 | Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 3; Involved in the biosynthesis of ganglioside GD1A from GM1B. Transfers CMP-NeuAc with an alpha-2,6-linkage to GalNAc residue on NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc of glycoproteins and glycolipids. ST6GalNAcIII prefers glycolipids to glycoproteins (By similarity). (305 aa) |
| | SP1 | Transcription factor Sp1; Transcription factor that can activate or repress transcription in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Binds with high affinity to GC-rich motifs and regulates the expression of a large number of genes involved in a variety of processes such as cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation and immune responses. Highly regulated by post-translational modifications (phosphorylations, sumoylation, proteolytic cleavage, glycosylation and acetylation). Binds also the PDGFR-alpha G-box promoter. May have a role in modulating the cellular response to DNA da [...] (785 aa) |
| | TBK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase TBK1; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to foreign agents. Following activation of toll-like receptors by viral or bacterial components, associates with TRAF3 and TANK and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) IRF3 and IRF7 as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the IRFs leading to transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes including IFNA and IFNB. In order to establish such an antiviral state, TBK1 form s [...] (729 aa) |
| | RPS27L | Ribosomal protein S27 like; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family. (84 aa) |
| | MGAT1 | Alpha-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 2-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase; Initiates complex N-linked carbohydrate formation. Essential for the conversion of high-mannose to hybrid and complex N-glycans. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 13 family. (445 aa) |
| | SMAD3 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa) |
| | ST6GALNAC4 | N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase (sialyltransferase 7D); Involved in the biosynthesis of ganglioside GD1A from GM1B. Transfers CMP-NeuAc with an alpha-2,6-linkage to GalNAc residue on NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Prefers glycoproteins to glycolipids (By similarity). (302 aa) |
| | NLRP3 | NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; As the sensor component of the NLRP3 inflammasome, plays a crucial role in innate immunity and inflammation. In response to pathogens and other damage-associated signals, initiates the formation of the inflammasome polymeric complex, made of NLRP3, PYCARD and CASP1 (and possibly CASP4 and CASP5). Recruitment of proCASP1 to the inflammasome promotes its activation and CASP1-catalyzed IL1B and IL18 maturation and secretion in the extracellular milieu. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is also required for HMGB1 secretion. The active cytokin [...] (1036 aa) |
| | EEF1A1 | Elongation factor 1-alpha 1; This protein promotes the GTP-dependent binding of aminoacyl- tRNA to the A-site of ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. With PARP1 and TXK, forms a complex that acts as a T helper 1 (Th1) cell-specific transcription factor and binds the promoter of IFN-gamma to directly regulate its transcription, and is thus involved importantly in Th1 cytokine production; Belongs to the TRAFAC class translation factor GTPase superfamily. Classic translation factor GTPase family. EF-Tu/EF-1A subfamily. (462 aa) |
| | CAV1 | Caveolin-1; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes. Forms a stable heterooligomeric complex with CAV2 that targets to lipid rafts and drives caveolae formation. Mediates the recruitment of CAVIN proteins (CAVIN1/2/3/4) to the caveolae. Interacts directly with G-protein alpha subunits and can functionally regulate their activity (By similarity). Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated T-cell activation. Its binding to DPP4 induces T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa-B activation in a T-cell receptor/CD3-dependent manner. Recrui [...] (178 aa) |
| | PKLR | Pyruvate kinase PKLR; Plays a key role in glycolysis. (574 aa) |
| | GANAB | Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB; Catalytic subunit of glucosidase II that cleaves sequentially the 2 innermost alpha-1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor of immature glycoproteins. Required for PKD1/Polycystin-1 and PKD2/Polycystin-2 maturation and localization to the cell surface and cilia ; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 31 family. (966 aa) |
| | SFN | 14-3-3 protein sigma; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. When bound to KRT17, regulates protein synthesis and epithelial cell growth by stimulating Akt/mTOR pathway. May also regulate MDM2 autoubiquitination and degradation and thereby activate p53/TP53; Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (248 aa) |
| | SMAD4 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; In muscle physiology, plays a central role in the balance between atrophy and hypertrophy. When recruited by MSTN, promotes atrophy response via phosphorylated SMAD2/4. MSTN decrease causes SMAD4 release and subsequent recruitment by the BMP pathway to promote hypertrophy via phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Acts synergistically with SMAD1 and YY1 in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-mediated cardiac- specific gene expression. Binds to SMAD binding elements (SBEs) (5'- GTCT/AGAC-3') within BMP response element (BMPRE) of cardiac activating regions (By [...] (552 aa) |
| | HNRNPA1 | Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1, N-terminally processed; Involved in the packaging of pre-mRNA into hnRNP particles, transport of poly(A) mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and may modulate splice site selection. May bind to specific miRNA hairpins. Binds to the IRES and thereby inhibits the translation of the apoptosis protease activating factor APAF1. (Microbial infection) Cleavage by Enterovirus 71 protease 3C results in increased translation of apoptosis protease activating factor APAF1, leading to apoptosis. (372 aa) |
| | RPS2 | Ribosomal protein S2. (293 aa) |
| | PDPK1 | 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as a master kinase, phosphorylating and activating a subgroup of the AGC family of protein kinases. Its targets include: protein kinase B (PKB/AKT1, PKB/AKT2, PKB/AKT3), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KB1), p90 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RPS6KA1, RPS6KA2 and RPS6KA3), cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PRKACA), protein kinase C (PRKCD and PRKCZ), serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK1, SGK2 and SGK3), p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), protein kinase PKN (PKN1 and PKN2). Plays a central rol [...] (556 aa) |
| | CTSL | Cathepsin L1 heavy chain; Thiol protease important for the overall degradation of proteins in lysosomes (Probable). Involved in the solubilization of cross-linked TG/thyroglobulin and in the subsequent release of thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4) by limited proteolysis of TG/thyroglobulin in the thyroid follicle lumen (By similarity). (333 aa) |
| | RPS21 | Ribosomal protein S21; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS21 family. (83 aa) |
| | RPS3A | 40S ribosomal protein S3a; May play a role during erythropoiesis through regulation of transcription factor DDIT3; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS1 family. (264 aa) |
| | UBE2I | SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9; Accepts the ubiquitin-like proteins SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, SUMO4 and SUMO1P1/SUMO5 from the UBLE1A-UBLE1B E1 complex and catalyzes their covalent attachment to other proteins with the help of an E3 ligase such as RANBP2, CBX4 and ZNF451. Can catalyze the formation of poly-SUMO chains. Necessary for sumoylation of FOXL2 and KAT5. Essential for nuclear architecture and chromosome segregation. Sumoylates p53/TP53 at 'Lys-386'. Mediates sumoylation of ERCC6 which is essential for its transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair activity. Belongs to the ubiqu [...] (158 aa) |
| | UVRAG | UV radiation resistance-associated gene protein; Versatile protein that is involved in regulation of different cellular pathways implicated in membrane trafficking. Involved in regulation of the COPI-dependent retrograde transport from Golgi and the endoplasmic reticulum by associating with the NRZ complex; the function is dependent on its binding to phosphatidylinositol 3- phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). During autophagy acts as regulatory subunit of the alternative PI3K complex II (PI3KC3- C2) that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and is believed to be involved in matur [...] (699 aa) |
| | RPS26 | Ribosomal protein S26; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS26 family. (115 aa) |
| | PIK3R4 | Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4; Regulatory subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2 ; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1358 aa) |
| | VCP | Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase; Necessary for the fragmentation of Golgi stacks during mitosis and for their reassembly after mitosis. Involved in the formation of the transitional endoplasmic reticulum (tER). The transfer of membranes from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus occurs via 50-70 nm transition vesicles which derive from part-rough, part-smooth transitional elements of the endoplasmic reticulum (tER). Vesicle budding from the tER is an ATP-dependent process. The ternary complex containing UFD1, VCP and NPLOC4 binds ubiquitinated proteins and is neces [...] (806 aa) |
| | PCBP2 | Poly(rC)-binding protein 2; Single-stranded nucleic acid binding protein that binds preferentially to oligo dC. Major cellular poly(rC)-binding protein. Binds also poly(rU). Negatively regulates cellular antiviral responses mediated by MAVS signaling. It acts as an adapter between MAVS and the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH, therefore triggering MAVS ubiquitination and degradation. (366 aa) |
| | PARP9 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP9; ADP-ribosyltransferase which, in association with E3 ligase DTX3L, plays a role in DNA damage repair and in immune responses including interferon-mediated antiviral defenses. Within the complex, enhances DTX3L E3 ligase activity which is further enhanced by PARP9 binding to poly(ADP-ribose). In association with DTX3L and in presence of E1 and E2 enzymes, mediates NAD(+)-dependent mono-ADP-ribosylation of ubiquitin which prevents ubiquitin conjugation to substrates such as histones. During DNA repair, PARP1 recruits PARP9/BAL1-DTX3L complex to [...] (854 aa) |
| | BECN1 | Beclin-1-C 35 kDa; Plays a central role in autophagy. Acts as core subunit of the PI3K complex that mediates formation of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate; different complex forms are believed to play a role in multiple membrane trafficking pathways: PI3KC3-C1 is involved in initiation of autophagosomes and PI3KC3-C2 in maturation of autophagosomes and endocytosis. Involved in regulation of degradative endocytic trafficking and required for the abcission step in cytokinesis, probably in the context of PI3KC3-C2. Essential for the formation of PI3KC3-C2 but not PI3KC3-C1 PI3K complex fo [...] (450 aa) |
| | SIKE1 | Suppressor of IKBKE 1; Physiological suppressor of IKK-epsilon and TBK1 that plays an inhibitory role in virus- and TLR3-triggered IRF3. Inhibits TLR3- mediated activation of interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) and the IFN-beta promoter. May act by disrupting the interactions of IKBKE or TBK1 with TICAM1/TRIF, IRF3 and DDX58/RIG-I. Does not inhibit NF-kappa-B activation pathways; Belongs to the SIKE family. (211 aa) |
| | SFTPD | Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein D; Contributes to the lung's defense against inhaled microorganisms, organic antigens and toxins. Interacts with compounds such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides and fatty acids and modulates leukocyte action in immune response. May participate in the extracellular reorganization or turnover of pulmonary surfactant. Binds strongly maltose residues and to a lesser extent other alpha- glucosyl moieties. (375 aa) |
| | YWHAB | 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha, N-terminally processed; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negative regulator of osteogenesis. Blocks the nuclear translocation of the phosphorylated form (by AKT1) of SRPK2 and antagonizes its stimulatory effect on cyclin D1 expression resulting in blockage of neuronal apoptosis elicited by [...] (246 aa) |
| | RPS4X | Ribosomal protein S4 X-linked; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family. (263 aa) |
| | RCAN3 | Calcipressin-3; Inhibits calcineurin-dependent transcriptional responses by binding to the catalytic domain of calcineurin A. Could play a role during central nervous system development (By similarity). (241 aa) |
| | BCL2L1 | Bcl-2-like protein 1; Potent inhibitor of cell death. Inhibits activation of caspases. Appears to regulate cell death by blocking the voltage- dependent anion channel (VDAC) by binding to it and preventing the release of the caspase activator, CYC1, from the mitochondrial membrane. Also acts as a regulator of G2 checkpoint and progression to cytokinesis during mitosis. Isoform Bcl-X(S) promotes apoptosis. (233 aa) |
| | RPS16 | Ribosomal protein S16. (152 aa) |
| | DDX58 | Antiviral innate immune response receptor RIG-I; Innate immune receptor that senses cytoplasmic viral nucleic acids and activates a downstream signaling cascade leading to the production of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Forms a ribonucleoprotein complex with viral RNAs on which it homooligomerizes to form filaments. The homooligomerization allows the recruitment of RNF135 an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that activates and amplifies the RIG-I-mediated antiviral signaling in an RNA length-dependent manner through ubiquitination-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Up [...] (925 aa) |
| | RPS6 | 40S ribosomal protein S6; May play an important role in controlling cell growth and proliferation through the selective translation of particular classes of mRNA; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS6 family. (249 aa) |
| | TLR7 | Toll-like receptor 7; Key component of innate and adaptive immunity. TLRs (Toll- like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms. TLR7 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by single-stranded RNA. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (By similarity). (1049 aa) |
| | YWHAQ | 14-3-3 protein theta; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Negatively regulates the kinase activity of PDPK1; Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (245 aa) |
| | PARP4 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP4; Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates mono-ADP- ribosylation of target proteins. (1724 aa) |
| | RPS9 | Ribosomal protein S9. (194 aa) |
| | SUMO1 | Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. This post- translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved for insta [...] (101 aa) |
| | TRAF3 | TNF receptor-associated factor 3; Regulates pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B and MAP kinases, and plays a central role in the regulation of B-cell survival. Part of signaling pathways leading to the production of cytokines and interferon. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Plays a role T-cell dependent immune responses. Plays a role in the regulation of antiviral responses. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes. May have E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promote 'Lys-63'- linked ubiquitination of [...] (568 aa) |
| | ST3GAL2 | CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 2; Responsible for the synthesis of the sequence NeuAc-alpha- 2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc- found in terminal carbohydrate groups of certain glycoproteins, oligosaccharides and glycolipids. SIAT4A and SIAT4B sialylate the same acceptor substrates but exhibit different Km values; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (350 aa) |
| | TKFC | ATP-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinase; Catalyzes both the phosphorylation of dihydroxyacetone and of glyceraldehyde, and the splitting of ribonucleoside diphosphate-X compounds among which FAD is the best substrate. Represses IFIH1- mediated cellular antiviral response. Belongs to the dihydroxyacetone kinase (DAK) family. (575 aa) |
| | YWHAZ | 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta; Adapter protein implicated in the regulation of a large spectrum of both general and specialized signaling pathways. Binds to a large number of partners, usually by recognition of a phosphoserine or phosphothreonine motif. Binding generally results in the modulation of the activity of the binding partner. Induces ARHGEF7 activity on RAC1 as well as lamellipodia and membrane ruffle formation. In neurons, regulates spine maturation through the modulation of ARHGEF7 activity (By similarity). Belongs to the 14-3-3 family. (245 aa) |
| | RPS29 | Ribosomal protein S29. (67 aa) |
| | RPS8 | Ribosomal protein S8; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS8 family. (208 aa) |
| | CHMP7 | Charged multivesicular body protein 7; ESCRT-III-like protein required to recruit the ESCRT-III complex to the nuclear envelope during late anaphase. Together with SPAST, the ESCRT-III complex promotes nuclear envelope sealing and mitotic spindle disassembly during late anaphase. Plays a role in the endosomal sorting pathway. (453 aa) |
| | TMPRSS2 | Transmembrane protease serine 2 non-catalytic chain; Serine protease that proteolytically cleaves and activates the viral spike glycoproteins which facilitate virus-cell membrane fusions; spike proteins are synthesized and maintained in precursor intermediate folding states and proteolysis permits the refolding and energy release required to create stable virus-cell linkages and membrane coalescence. Facilitates human SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection via two independent mechanisms, proteolytic cleavage of ACE2, which might promote viral uptake, and cleavage of coronavirus spike gl [...] (529 aa) |
| | FKBP1A | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase FKBP1A; Keeps in an inactive conformation TGFBR1, the TGF-beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, preventing TGF-beta receptor activation in absence of ligand. Recruits SMAD7 to ACVR1B which prevents the association of SMAD2 and SMAD3 with the activin receptor complex, thereby blocking the activin signal. May modulate the RYR1 calcium channel activity. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. Belongs to the FKBP-type PPIase family. FKBP1 subfamily. (108 aa) |
| | RELA | Transcription factor p65; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kap [...] (551 aa) |
| | RPS14 | Ribosomal protein S14. (151 aa) |
| | UBA52 | Ubiquitin-60S ribosomal protein L40; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be in [...] (128 aa) |
| | ACE2 | Processed angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; Carboxypeptidase which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin 1-9, a peptide of unknown function, and angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7, a vasodilator. Also able to hydrolyze apelin-13 and dynorphin-13 with high efficiency. By cleavage of angiotensin II, may be an important regulator of heart function. By cleavage of angiotensin II, may also have a protective role in acute lung injury (By similarity). Plays an important role in amino acid transport by acting as binding partner of amino acid transporter SL6A19 in intestine, regulating traffickin [...] (805 aa) |
| | RPSA | 40S ribosomal protein SA; Required for the assembly and/or stability of the 40S ribosomal subunit. Required for the processing of the 20S rRNA- precursor to mature 18S rRNA in a late step of the maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits. Also functions as a cell surface receptor for laminin. Plays a role in cell adhesion to the basement membrane and in the consequent activation of signaling transduction pathways. May play a role in cell fate determination and tissue morphogenesis. Acts as a PPP1R16B-dependent substrate of PPP1CA. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for the Dengue virus [...] (300 aa) |
| | RPS18 | 40S ribosomal protein S18; Located at the top of the head of the 40S subunit, it contacts several helices of the 18S rRNA. (152 aa) |
| | MAVS | Mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein; Required for innate immune defense against viruses. Acts downstream of DHX33, DDX58/RIG-I and IFIH1/MDA5, which detect intracellular dsRNA produced during viral replication, to coordinate pathways leading to the activation of NF-kappa-B, IRF3 and IRF7, and to the subsequent induction of antiviral cytokines such as IFN-beta and RANTES (CCL5). Peroxisomal and mitochondrial MAVS act sequentially to create an antiviral cellular state. Upon viral infection, peroxisomal MAVS induces the rapid interferon-independent expression of defense factors that [...] (540 aa) |
| | MOGS | Mannosyl-oligosaccharide glucosidase; Cleaves the distal alpha 1,2-linked glucose residue from the Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor in a highly specific manner; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 63 family. (837 aa) |
| | RPS24 | 40S ribosomal protein S24; Required for processing of pre-rRNA and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS24 family. (289 aa) |
| | PARP14 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP14; ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates mono-ADP-ribosylation of glutamate residues on target proteins. In contrast to PARP1 and PARP2, it is not able to mediate poly-ADP-ribosylation. Has been shown to catalyze the mono-ADP-ribosylation of STAT1 at 'Glu-657' and 'Glu-705', thus decreasing STAT1 phosphorylation which negatively regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in macrophages in response to IFNG stimulation. However, the role of ADP-ribosylation in the prevention of STAT1 phosphorylation has been called into question and it has been [...] (1801 aa) |
| | PPIA | Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A, N-terminally processed; PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides. (165 aa) |
| | ST3GAL1 | CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 1; Responsible for the synthesis of the sequence NeuAc-alpha- 2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc- found on sugar chains O-linked to Thr or Ser and also as a terminal sequence on certain gangliosides. SIAT4A and SIAT4B sialylate the same acceptor substrates but exhibit different Km values; Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (340 aa) |
| | RPS20 | Ribosomal protein S20. (142 aa) |
| | CASP1 | Caspase-1 subunit p10; Thiol protease that cleaves IL-1 beta between an Asp and an Ala, releasing the mature cytokine which is involved in a variety of inflammatory processes. Important for defense against pathogens. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs). Can also promote apoptosis. Upon inflammasome activation, during DNA virus infection but not RNA virus challenge, controls antiviral immunity through the cleavage of CGAS, rendering it inactive. In apoptotic cells, cleaves SPHK2 which is released from cells and remains enzymatically active extracell [...] (404 aa) |
| | TRAF6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter protein that seem [...] (522 aa) |
| | PARP10 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP10; ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates mono-ADP-ribosylation of glutamate and aspartate residues on target proteins. In contrast to PARP1 and PARP2, it is not able to mediate poly-ADP-ribosylation. Catalyzes mono-ADP-ribosylation of GSK3B, leading to negatively regulate GSK3B kinase activity. Involved in translesion DNA synthesis in response to DNA damage via its interaction with PCNA. (1037 aa) |
| | RPS25 | Ribosomal protein S25. (125 aa) |
| | RPS13 | Ribosomal protein S13. (151 aa) |
| | ST3GAL4 | CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-galactosamide-alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase 4; Catalyzes the formation of the NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,4- GlcNAc-, and NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GlcNAc- sequences found in terminal carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It may be involved in the biosynthesis of the sialyl Lewis X determinant. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (333 aa) |
| | KPNA2 | Importin subunit alpha-1; Functions in nuclear protein import as an adapter protein for nuclear receptor KPNB1. Binds specifically and directly to substrates containing either a simple or bipartite NLS motif. Docking of the importin/substrate complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated by KPNB1 through binding to nucleoporin FxFG repeats and the complex is subsequently translocated through the pore by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism. At the nucleoplasmic side of the NPC, Ran binds to importin-beta and the three components separate and importin-alpha and -beta are [...] (529 aa) |
| | UBC | Polyubiquitin-C; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair [...] (685 aa) |
| | PARP6 | Protein mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP6; Mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates mono-ADP- ribosylation of target proteins. (630 aa) |
| | IKBKE | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon; Serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in regulating inflammatory responses to viral infection, through the activation of the type I IFN, NF-kappa-B and STAT signaling. Also involved in TNFA and inflammatory cytokines, like Interleukin-1, signaling. Following activation of viral RNA sensors, such as RIG-I- like receptors, associates with DDX3X and phosphorylates interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), IRF3 and IRF7, as well as DDX3X. This activity allows subsequent homodimerization and nuclear translocation of the [...] (716 aa) |
| | RPS15 | Ribosomal protein S15. (152 aa) |
| | PRKCSH | Glucosidase 2 subunit beta; Regulatory subunit of glucosidase II that cleaves sequentially the 2 innermost alpha-1,3-linked glucose residues from the Glc(2)Man(9)GlcNAc(2) oligosaccharide precursor of immature glycoproteins. Required for efficient PKD1/Polycystin-1 biogenesis and trafficking to the plasma membrane of the primary cilia (By similarity). (535 aa) |
| | CHMP2A | Charged multivesicular body protein 2a; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (222 aa) |
| | RPS19 | 40S ribosomal protein S19; Required for pre-rRNA processing and maturation of 40S ribosomal subunits; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS19 family. (145 aa) |
| | IRF3 | Interferon regulatory factor 3; Key transcriptional regulator of type I interferon (IFN)- dependent immune responses which plays a critical role in the innate immune response against DNA and RNA viruses. Regulates the transcription of type I IFN genes (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISG) by binding to an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) in their promoters. Acts as a more potent activator of the IFN-beta (IFNB) gene than the IFN-alpha (IFNA) gene and plays a critical role in both the early and late phases of the IFNA/B gene induction. Found in an inactive [...] (452 aa) |
| | RPS28 | Ribosomal protein S28; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS28 family. (69 aa) |
| | RPS5 | 40S ribosomal protein S5, N-terminally processed; Ribosomal protein S5; Belongs to the universal ribosomal protein uS7 family. (204 aa) |
| | CHMP4A | Charged multivesicular body protein 4a; Probable core component of the endosomal sorting required for transport complex III (ESCRT-III) which is involved in multivesicular bodies (MVBs) formation and sorting of endosomal cargo proteins into MVBs. MVBs contain intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) that are generated by invagination and scission from the limiting membrane of the endosome and mostly are delivered to lysosomes enabling degradation of membrane proteins, such as stimulated growth factor receptors, lysosomal enzymes and lipids. The MVB pathway appears to require the sequential functio [...] (265 aa) |
| | UBB | Polyubiquitin-B; [Ubiquitin]: Exists either covalently attached to another protein, or free (unanchored). When covalently bound, it is conjugated to target proteins via an isopeptide bond either as a monomer (monoubiquitin), a polymer linked via different Lys residues of the ubiquitin (polyubiquitin chains) or a linear polymer linked via the initiator Met of the ubiquitin (linear polyubiquitin chains). Polyubiquitin chains, when attached to a target protein, have different functions depending on the Lys residue of the ubiquitin that is linked: Lys-6-linked may be involved in DNA repair [...] (229 aa) |
| | RPS10 | 40S ribosomal protein S10; Component of the 40S ribosomal subunit; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS10 family. (165 aa) |
| | PSMC6 | 26S proteasome regulatory subunit 10B; Component of the 26S proteasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the ATP-dependent degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. This complex plays a key role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis by removing misfolded or damaged proteins, which could impair cellular functions, and by removing proteins whose functions are no longer required. Therefore, the proteasome participates in numerous cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, apoptosis, or DNA damage repair. PSMC6 belongs to the heterohexameric ring of AAA (ATPases associated wi [...] (403 aa) |
| | RPS4Y2 | Ribosomal protein S4 Y-linked 2; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS4 family. (263 aa) |
| | ST3GAL3 | CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-1,4-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase; Catalyzes the formation of the NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,4- GlcNAc-, NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal-beta-1,3-GlcNAc- and NeuAc-alpha-2,3-Gal- beta-1,3-GalNAc- sequences found in terminal carbohydrate groups of glycoproteins and glycolipids. The highest activity is toward Gal-beta- 1,3-GlcNAc and the lowest toward Gal-beta-1,3-GalNAc. Belongs to the glycosyltransferase 29 family. (449 aa) |
| | RPS7 | 40S ribosomal protein S7; Required for rRNA maturation. (194 aa) |
| | IFIH1 | Interferon-induced helicase C domain-containing protein 1; Innate immune receptor which acts as a cytoplasmic sensor of viral nucleic acids and plays a major role in sensing viral infection and in the activation of a cascade of antiviral responses including the induction of type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Its ligands include mRNA lacking 2'-O-methylation at their 5' cap and long- dsRNA (>1 kb in length). Upon ligand binding it associates with mitochondria antiviral signaling protein (MAVS/IPS1) which activates the IKK-related kinases: TBK1 and IKBKE which phosphorylat [...] (1025 aa) |
| | RPS17 | Ribosomal protein S17. (135 aa) |
| | MAP1LC3B | Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in formation of autophagosomal vacuoles (autophagosomes). Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation. Promotes primary ciliogenesis by removing OFD1 from centriolar satellit [...] (125 aa) |
| | STING1 | Stimulator of interferon genes protein; Facilitator of innate immune signaling that acts as a sensor of cytosolic DNA from bacteria and viruses and promotes the production of type I interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta). Innate immune response is triggered in response to non-CpG double-stranded DNA from viruses and bacteria delivered to the cytoplasm. Acts by binding cyclic dinucleotides: recognizes and binds cyclic di-GMP (c- di-GMP), a second messenger produced by bacteria, and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), a messenger produced by CGAS in response to DNA virus in the cytosol. Upon binding of [...] (379 aa) |
| | RPS27 | 40S ribosomal protein S27; Component of the small ribosomal subunit. Required for proper rRNA processing and maturation of 18S rRNAs ; Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eS27 family. (84 aa) |
| | ITCH | E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Itchy homolog; Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which accepts ubiquitin from an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then directly transfers the ubiquitin to targeted substrates. Catalyzes 'Lys-29'-, 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitin conjugation. Involved in the control of inflammatory signaling pathways. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also TNFAIP3, TAX1BP1 and RNF11, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. Promotes the association of the complex after [...] (903 aa) |
