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| | TXNDC5 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 5; Possesses thioredoxin activity. Has been shown to reduce insulin disulfide bonds. Also complements protein disulfide-isomerase deficiency in yeast (By similarity). (432 aa) |
| | SPATA20 | Spermatogenesis-associated protein 20; May play a role in fertility regulation. (802 aa) |
| | CLIC5 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 5; Required for normal hearing. It is necessary for the formation of stereocilia in the inner ear and normal development of the organ of Corti (By similarity). Can insert into membranes and form poorly selective ion channels that may also transport chloride ions. May play a role in the regulation of transepithelial ion absorption and secretion. Is required for the development and/or maintenance of the proper glomerular endothelial cell and podocyte architecture. Plays a role in formation of the lens suture in the eye, which is important for normal [...] (410 aa) |
| | NME8 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 3; Probably required during the final stages of sperm tail maturation in the testis and/or epididymis, where extensive disulfide bonding of fibrous sheath (FS) proteins occurs. May be involved in the reduction of disulfide bonds within the sperm FS components. In vitro, it has neither NDP kinase nor reducing activity on disulfide bonds. (588 aa) |
| | GSTA3 | Glutathione S-transferase A3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Catalyzes isomerization reactions that contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones. Efficiently catalyze obligatory double-bond isomerizations of delta(5)-androstene-3,17-dione and delta(5)-pregnene-3,20-dione, precursors to testosterone and progesterone, respectively. (222 aa) |
| | TXN2 | Thioredoxin, mitochondrial; Important for the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species homeostasis, apoptosis regulation and cell viability. Possesses a dithiol-reducing activity; Belongs to the thioredoxin family. (166 aa) |
| | TXNL1 | Thioredoxin-like protein 1; Active thioredoxin with a redox potential of about -250 mV. (289 aa) |
| | PDIA2 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A2; Acts as an intracellular estrogen-binding protein. May be involved in modulating cellular levels and biological functions of estrogens in the pancreas. May act as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. (525 aa) |
| | GDAP1 | Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1; Regulates the mitochondrial network by promoting mitochondrial fission; Belongs to the GST superfamily. (358 aa) |
| | GSTM2 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 2; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (218 aa) |
| | TMX4 | Thioredoxin related transmembrane protein 4. (349 aa) |
| | TXNDC17 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 17; Disulfide reductase. May participate in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyze dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Modulates TNF-alpha signaling and NF-kappa-B activation. Has peroxidase activity and may contribute to the elimination of cellular hydrogen peroxide; Belongs to the thioredoxin family. (123 aa) |
| | NDUFA2 | NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2; Accessory subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I), that is believed not to be involved in catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone. (99 aa) |
| | MRPS25 | Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S25. (173 aa) |
| | SCO1 | Protein SCO1 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Not required for the synthesis of MT-CO2/COX2 but plays a crucial role in stabilizing MT- CO2/COX2 during its subsequent maturation. Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2. Plays an important role in the regulation of copper homeostasis by controlling the abundance and cell membrane localization of copper transporter CTR1 (By similarity). Belongs to the SCO1/2 family. (301 aa) |
| | GSTM5 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 5; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (218 aa) |
| | PDCL | Phosducin-like protein; Acts as a positive regulator of hedgehog signaling and regulates ciliary function. [Isoform 2]: Acts as a negative regulator of heterotrimeric G proteins assembly by trapping the preloaded G beta subunits inside the CCT chaperonin; Belongs to the phosducin family. (301 aa) |
| | CASQ2 | Calsequestrin-2; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, especially at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 60 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR2; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart and in regulating the rate of heart beats. (399 aa) |
| | ERP29 | Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 29; Does not seem to be a disulfide isomerase. Plays an important role in the processing of secretory proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), possibly by participating in the folding of proteins in the ER. (261 aa) |
| | FAF2 | FAS-associated factor 2; Plays an important role in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) that mediates ubiquitin-dependent degradation of misfolded endoplasmic reticulum proteins. By controlling the steady-state expression of the IGF1R receptor, indirectly regulates the insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling pathway. Involved in inhibition of lipid droplet degradation by binding to phospholipase PNPL2 and inhibiting its activity by promoting dissociation of PNPL2 from its endogenous activator, ABHD5 which inhibits the rate of triacylglycerol hydrolysis. (445 aa) |
| | ERP44 | Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 44; Mediates thiol-dependent retention in the early secretory pathway, forming mixed disulfides with substrate proteins through its conserved CRFS motif. Inhibits the calcium channel activity of ITPR1. May have a role in the control of oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Required to retain ERO1A and ERO1B in the endoplasmic reticulum. (406 aa) |
| | PRDX1 | Peroxiredoxin-1; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H(2)O(2). Reduces an intramolecular disulfide bond in GDPD5 that gates the ability to GDPD5 to drive postmitotic motor neuron differentiation (By s [...] (199 aa) |
| | DNAJC10 | DnaJ homolog subfamily C member 10; Endoplasmic reticulum disulfide reductase involved both in the correct folding of proteins and degradation of misfolded proteins. Required for efficient folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by catalyzing the removal of non-native disulfide bonds formed during the folding of proteins, such as LDLR. Also involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) by reducing incorrect disulfide bonds in misfolded glycoproteins recognized by EDEM1. Interaction with HSPA5 is required its activity, not for the disulfide reductase activity, [...] (793 aa) |
| | PDCL3 | Phosducin-like protein 3; Acts as a chaperone for the angiogenic VEGF receptor KDR/VEGFR2, increasing its abundance by inhibiting its ubiquitination and degradation. Inhibits the folding activity of the chaperonin-containing T-complex (CCT) which leads to inhibition of cytoskeletal actin folding. Acts as a chaperone during heat shock alongside HSP90 and HSP40/70 chaperone complexes (By similarity). Modulates the activation of caspases during apoptosis. (239 aa) |
| | TXNDC9 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 9; Significantly diminishes the chaperonin TCP1 complex ATPase activity, thus negatively impacts protein folding, including that of actin or tubulin. (226 aa) |
| | PRDX5 | Peroxiredoxin-5, mitochondrial; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events; Belongs to the peroxiredoxin family. Prx5 subfamily. (214 aa) |
| | ERP27 | Endoplasmic reticulum resident protein 27; Specifically binds unfolded proteins and may recruit protein disulfide isomerase PDIA3 to unfolded substrates. Binds protein substrates via a hydrophobic pocket in the C-terminal domain. May play a role in the unfolded stress response. (273 aa) |
| | TXNL4B | Thioredoxin-like protein 4B; Essential role in pre-mRNA splicing. Required in cell cycle progression for S/G(2) transition; Belongs to the DIM1 family. (149 aa) |
| | TXNL4A | Thioredoxin-like protein 4A; Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the U5 snRNP and U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complexes that are involved in spliceosome assembly, and as component of the precatalytic spliceosome (spliceosome B complex); Belongs to the DIM1 family. (142 aa) |
| | SH3BGRL3 | SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein 3; Could act as a modulator of glutaredoxin biological activity. (93 aa) |
| | UBXN4 | UBX domain-containing protein 4; Involved in endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Acts as a platform to recruit both UBQLN1 and VCP to the ER during ERAD. (508 aa) |
| | TMX2 | Thioredoxin related transmembrane protein 2. (296 aa) |
| | TXNDC16 | Thioredoxin domain containing 16. (825 aa) |
| | GSTT2B | Glutathione S-transferase theta-2B; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Has a sulfatase activity. (244 aa) |
| | HPGDS | Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase; Bifunctional enzyme which catalyzes both the conversion of PGH2 to PGD2, a prostaglandin involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation, and the conjugation of glutathione with a wide range of aryl halides and organic isothiocyanates. Also exhibits low glutathione-peroxidase activity towards cumene hydroperoxide. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Sigma family. (199 aa) |
| | PDCL2 | Phosducin-like protein 2; May play a role in germ cell maturation; Belongs to the phosducin family. (241 aa) |
| | UBXN7 | UBX domain-containing protein 7; Ubiquitin-binding adapter that links a subset of NEDD8- associated cullin ring ligases (CRLs) to the segregase VCP/p97, to regulate turnover of their ubiquitination substrates. (489 aa) |
| | PRDX3 | Thioredoxin-dependent peroxide reductase, mitochondrial; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides. Acts synergistically with MAP3K13 to regulate the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol. (256 aa) |
| | TMX3 | Protein disulfide-isomerase TMX3; Probable disulfide isomerase, which participates in the folding of proteins containing disulfide bonds. May act as a dithiol oxidase. (454 aa) |
| | PDIA3 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A3; Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3; Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. (505 aa) |
| | PRDX2 | Peroxiredoxin-2; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. Might participate in the signaling cascades of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by regulating the intracellular concentrations of H(2)O(2). (198 aa) |
| | TXNDC2 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 2; Probably plays a regulatory role in sperm development. May participate in regulation of fibrous sheath (FS) assembly by supporting the formation of disulfide bonds during sperm tail morphogenesis. May also be required to rectify incorrect disulfide pairing and generate suitable pairs between the FS constituents. Can reduce disulfide bonds in vitro in the presence of NADP and thioredoxin reductase. (553 aa) |
| | PDILT | Protein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis; Probable redox-inactive chaperone involved in spermatogenesis; Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. (584 aa) |
| | NXNL1 | Nucleoredoxin-like protein 1; May play a role in cone cell viability, slowing down cone degeneration, does not seem to play a role in degenerating rods. Belongs to the nucleoredoxin family. (212 aa) |
| | AGR3 | Anterior gradient protein 3; Required for calcium-mediated regulation of ciliary beat frequency and mucociliary clearance in the airway. Might be involved in the regulation of intracellular calcium in tracheal epithelial cells. Belongs to the AGR family. (166 aa) |
| | GSTM1 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 1; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. (218 aa) |
| | PDIA5 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A5; Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 5. (519 aa) |
| | NDUFV2 | NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial; Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). (249 aa) |
| | P4HB | Protein disulfide-isomerase; This multifunctional protein catalyzes the formation, breakage and rearrangement of disulfide bonds. At the cell surface, seems to act as a reductase that cleaves disulfide bonds of proteins attached to the cell. May therefore cause structural modifications of exofacial proteins. Inside the cell, seems to form/rearrange disulfide bonds of nascent proteins. At high concentrations, functions as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. At low concentrations, facilitates aggregation (anti-chaperone activity). May be involved with other chape [...] (508 aa) |
| | GLRX5 | Glutaredoxin-related protein 5, mitochondrial; Monothiol glutaredoxin involved in the biogenesis of iron- sulfur clusters. Involved in protein lipoylation, acting in the pathway that provides an iron-sulfur cluster to lipoate synthase. Required for normal iron homeostasis. Required for normal regulation of hemoglobin synthesis by the iron- sulfur protein ACO1. May protect cells against apoptosis due to reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress (By similarity). (157 aa) |
| | SELENOF | Selenoprotein F; May be involved in redox reactions associated with the formation of disulfide bonds (By similarity). May contribute to the quality control of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. May regulate protein folding by enhancing the catalytic activity of UGGT1/UGCGL1 and UGGT2/UGCGL2. (165 aa) |
| | EEF1G | Elongation factor 1-gamma; Probably plays a role in anchoring the complex to other cellular components. (437 aa) |
| | SH3BGR | SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich protein; SH3 domain binding glutamate rich protein; Belongs to the SH3BGR family. (239 aa) |
| | SELENOV | Selenoprotein V; May be involved in a redox-related process. (346 aa) |
| | NME9 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 6; May be a regulator of microtubule physiology; Belongs to the NDK family. (330 aa) |
| | GSTA1 | Glutathione S-transferase A1, N-terminally processed; Glutathione S-transferase that catalyzes the nucleophilic attack of the sulfur atom of glutathione on the electrophilic groups of a wide range of exogenous and endogenous compounds (Probable). Involved in the formation of glutathione conjugates of both prostaglandin A2 (PGA2) and prostaglandin J2 (PGJ2). It also catalyzes the isomerization of D5-androstene-3,17-dione (AD) into D4-androstene- 3,17-dione and may therefore play an important role in hormone biosynthesis. Through its glutathione-dependent peroxidase activity toward the f [...] (222 aa) |
| | NXN | Nucleoredoxin; Functions as a redox-dependent negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, possibly by preventing ubiquitination of DVL3 by the BCR(KLHL12) complex. May also function as a transcriptional regulator act as a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) (By similarity). Belongs to the nucleoredoxin family. (435 aa) |
| | MRPL43 | Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L43. (235 aa) |
| | PRDX6 | Peroxiredoxin-6; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Can reduce H(2)O(2) and short chain organic, fatty acid, and phospholipid hydroperoxides. Also has phospholipase activity, and can therefore either reduce the oxidized sn-2 fatty acyl grup of phospholipids (peroxidase activity) or hydrolyze the sn-2 ester bond of phospholipids (phospholipase activity). These activities are dependent on binding to phospholipids at acidic pH and to oxidized phospholipds at cytosolic pH. Plays a role [...] (224 aa) |
| | GSTO2 | Glutathione S-transferase omega-2; Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase activity. Has high dehydroascorbate reductase activity and may contribute to the recycling of ascorbic acid. Participates in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic and reduces monomethylarsonic acid (MMA). Belongs to the GST superfamily. Omega family. (243 aa) |
| | PTGES2 | Prostaglandin E synthase 2 truncated form; Isomerase that catalyzes the conversion of PGH2 into the more stable prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). (377 aa) |
| | GPX4 | Phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; Essential antioxidant peroxidase that directly reduces phospholipid hydroperoxide even if they are incorporated in membranes and lipoproteins (By similarity). Can also reduce fatty acid hydroperoxide, cholesterol hydroperoxide and thymine hydroperoxide (By similarity). Plays a key role in protecting cells from oxidative damage by preventing membrane lipid peroxidation (By similarity). Required to prevent cells from ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death resulting from an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species. Th [...] (197 aa) |
| | TXNDC11 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 11; May act as a redox regulator involved in DUOX proteins folding. The interaction with DUOX1 and DUOX2 suggest that it belongs to a multiprotein complex constituting the thyroid H(2)O(2) generating system. It is however not sufficient to assist DUOX1 and DUOX2 in H(2)O(2) generation. (985 aa) |
| | TXNDC15 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 15; Acts as a positive regulator of ciliary hedgehog signaling (By similarity). Involved in ciliogenesis. (360 aa) |
| | QSOX2 | Sulfhydryl oxidase 2; Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. May contribute to disulfide bond formation in a variety of secreted proteins. Also seems to play a role in regulating the sensitization of neuroblastoma cells for interferon-gamma-induced apoptosis. (698 aa) |
| | CLIC6 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 6; May insert into membranes and form chloride ion channels. May play a critical role in water-secreting cells, possibly through the regulation of chloride ion transport (By similarity). (704 aa) |
| | GSTM3 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 3; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. May govern uptake and detoxification of both endogenous compounds and xenobiotics at the testis and brain blood barriers; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Mu family. (225 aa) |
| | GPX6 | Glutathione peroxidase 6. (221 aa) |
| | DIO1 | Type I iodothyronine deiodinase; Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'- tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). Plays a role in providing a source of plasma T3 by deiodination of T4 in peripheral tissues such as liver and kidney. (249 aa) |
| | MAGT1 | Magnesium transporter protein 1; Acts as accessory component of the N-oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex which catalyzes the transfer of a high mannose oligosaccharide from a lipid-linked oligosaccharide donor to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains. Involved in N-glycosylation of STT3B-dependent substrates. Specifically required for the glycosylation of a subset of acceptor sites that are near cysteine residues; in this function seems to act redundantly with TUSC3. In its oxidized form proposed to form transient mixed disulf [...] (367 aa) |
| | GPX7 | Glutathione peroxidase 7; It protects esophageal epithelia from hydrogen peroxide- induced oxidative stress. It suppresses acidic bile acid-induced reactive oxigen species (ROS) and protects against oxidative DNA damage and double-strand breaks; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (187 aa) |
| | GLRX2 | Glutaredoxin-2, mitochondrial; Glutathione-dependent oxidoreductase that facilitates the maintenance of mitochondrial redox homeostasis upon induction of apoptosis by oxidative stress. Involved in response to hydrogen peroxide and regulation of apoptosis caused by oxidative stress. Acts as a very efficient catalyst of monothiol reactions because of its high affinity for protein glutathione-mixed disulfides. Can receive electrons not only from glutathione (GSH), but also from thioredoxin reductase supporting both monothiol and dithiol reactions. Efficiently catalyzes both glutathionylat [...] (165 aa) |
| | QSOX1 | Sulfhydryl oxidase 1; Catalyzes the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups in peptide and protein thiols to disulfides with the reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. Plays a role in disulfide bond formation in a variety of extracellular proteins. In fibroblasts, required for normal incorporation of laminin into the extracellular matrix, and thereby for normal cell-cell adhesion and cell migration. (747 aa) |
| | CASQ1 | Calsequestrin-1; Calsequestrin is a high-capacity, moderate affinity, calcium- binding protein and thus acts as an internal calcium store in muscle. Calcium ions are bound by clusters of acidic residues at the protein surface, often at the interface between subunits. Can bind around 80 Ca(2+) ions. Regulates the release of lumenal Ca(2+) via the calcium release channel RYR1; this plays an important role in triggering muscle contraction. Negatively regulates store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) activity. (396 aa) |
| | GLRX3 | Glutaredoxin-3; Together with BOLA2, acts as a cytosolic iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster assembly factor that facilitates [2Fe-2S] cluster insertion into a subset of cytosolic proteins. Acts as a critical negative regulator of cardiac hypertrophy and a positive inotropic regulator (By similarity). Required for hemoglobin maturation. Does not possess any thyoredoxin activity since it lacks the conserved motif that is essential for catalytic activity. (335 aa) |
| | NHLRC2 | NHL repeat-containing protein 2; Required for normal embryonic development. (726 aa) |
| | FAXC | Failed axon connections homolog; May play a role in axonal development. (409 aa) |
| | PDC | Phosducin; May participate in the regulation of visual phototransduction or in the integration of photoreceptor metabolism. Inhibits the transcriptional activation activity of the cone-rod homeobox CRX. Belongs to the phosducin family. (246 aa) |
| | FAF1 | FAS-associated factor 1; Ubiquitin-binding protein. Required for the progression of DNA replication forks by targeting DNA replication licensing factor CDT1 for degradation. Potentiates but cannot initiate FAS-induced apoptosis (By similarity). (650 aa) |
| | GSTP1 | Glutathione S-transferase P; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Regulates negatively CDK5 activity via p25/p35 translocation to prevent neurodegeneration. (210 aa) |
| | GRXCR1 | Glutaredoxin domain-containing cysteine-rich protein 1; May play a role in actin filament architecture in developing stereocilia of sensory cells; Belongs to the GRXCR1 family. (290 aa) |
| | SELENOM | Selenoprotein M; May function as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that participates in disulfide bond formation; Belongs to the selenoprotein M/F family. (145 aa) |
| | PDIA6 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A6; May function as a chaperone that inhibits aggregation of misfolded proteins. Negatively regulates the unfolded protein response (UPR) through binding to UPR sensors such as ERN1, which in turn inactivates ERN1 signaling. May also regulate the UPR via the EIF2AK3 UPR sensor. Plays a role in platelet aggregation and activation by agonists such as convulxin, collagen and thrombin. (492 aa) |
| | AGR2 | Anterior gradient protein 2 homolog; Required for MUC2 post-transcriptional synthesis and secretion. May play a role in the production of mucus by intestinal cells (By similarity). Proto-oncogene that may play a role in cell migration, cell differentiation and cell growth. Promotes cell adhesion. (175 aa) |
| | GPX5 | Epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. May constitute a glutathione peroxidase-like protective system against peroxide damage in sperm membrane lipids. (221 aa) |
| | TMX1 | Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 1; May participate in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyze dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. (280 aa) |
| | PRXL2B | Prostamide/prostaglandin F synthase; Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin-ethanolamide H(2) (prostamide H(2)) to prostamide F(2alpha) with NADPH as proton donor. Also able to reduce prostaglandin H(2) to prostaglandin F(2alpha) (By similarity). (246 aa) |
| | SELENOT | Thioredoxin reductase-like selenoprotein T; Selenoprotein with thioredoxin reductase-like oxidoreductase activity (By similarity). Protects dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress ans cell death. Involved in ADCYAP1/PACAP-induced calcium mobilization and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Plays a role in fibroblast anchorage and redox regulation (By similarity). In gastric smooth muscle, modulates the contraction processes through the regulation of calcium release and MYLK activation (By similarity). In pancreatic islets, involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, con [...] (195 aa) |
| | CLIC3 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 3; Can insert into membranes and form chloride ion channels. May participate in cellular growth control; Belongs to the chloride channel CLIC family. (236 aa) |
| | GSTA2 | Glutathione S-transferase A2; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles; Belongs to the GST superfamily. Alpha family. (222 aa) |
| | GPX8 | Glutathione peroxidase 8; Belongs to the glutathione peroxidase family. (209 aa) |
| | TUSC3 | Tumor suppressor candidate 3; Acts as accessory component of the N-oligosaccharyl transferase (OST) complex which catalyzes the transfer of a high mannose oligosaccharide from a lipid-linked oligosaccharide donor to an asparagine residue within an Asn-X-Ser/Thr consensus motif in nascent polypeptide chains. Involved in N-glycosylation of STT3B-dependent substrates. Specifically required for the glycosylation of a subset of acceptor sites that are near cysteine residues; in this function seems to act redundantly with MAGT1. In its oxidized form proposed to form transient mixed disulfide [...] (348 aa) |
| | DIO3 | Thyroxine 5-deiodinase; Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'- tetraiodothyronine) into RT3 (3,3',5'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). RT3 and T2 are inactive metabolites. May play a role in preventing premature exposure of developing fetal tissues to adult levels of thyroid hormones. Can regulate circulating fetal thyroid hormone concentrations throughout gestation. Essential role for regulation of thyroid hormone inactivation during embryological development. (304 aa) |
| | TXNRD3 | Thioredoxin reductase 3; Displays thioredoxin reductase, glutaredoxin and glutathione reductase activities. Catalyzes disulfide bond isomerization. Promotes disulfide bond formation between GPX4 and various sperm proteins and may play a role in sperm maturation by promoting formation of sperm structural components (By similarity). (643 aa) |
| | GSTK1 | Glutathione S-transferase kappa 1; Significant glutathione conjugating activity is found only with the model substrate, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). (282 aa) |
| | SELENOH | Selenoprotein H; May be involved in a redox-related process. (122 aa) |
| | TXNRD1 | Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic; Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid. (649 aa) |
| | GDAP1L1 | Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1-like 1; Ganglioside induced differentiation associated protein 1 like 1. (386 aa) |
| | SCO2 | Protein SCO2 homolog, mitochondrial; Copper metallochaperone essential for the synthesis and maturation of cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (MT-CO2/COX2). Involved in transporting copper to the Cu(A) site on MT-CO2/COX2. Also acts as a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase to regulate the redox state of the cysteines in SCO1 during maturation of MT-CO2/COX2. (266 aa) |
| | DIO2 | Type II iodothyronine deiodinase; Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'- tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine). Essential for providing the brain with appropriate levels of T3 during the critical period of development. (273 aa) |
| | GSTZ1 | Maleylacetoacetate isomerase; Bifunctional enzyme showing minimal glutathione-conjugating activity with ethacrynic acid and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3- diazole and maleylacetoacetate isomerase activity. Has also low glutathione peroxidase activity with T-butyl and cumene hydroperoxides. Is able to catalyze the glutathione dependent oxygenation of dichloroacetic acid to glyoxylic acid. (217 aa) |
| | C5orf63 | Glutaredoxin-like protein C5orf63; Chromosome 5 open reading frame 63. (138 aa) |
| | MIEN1 | Migration and invasion enhancer 1; Increases cell migration by inducing filopodia formation at the leading edge of migrating cells. Plays a role in regulation of apoptosis, possibly through control of CASP3. May be involved in a redox-related process; Belongs to the SelWTH family. (116 aa) |
| | CLIC2 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 2; Can insert into membranes and form chloride ion channels. Channel activity depends on the pH. Membrane insertion seems to be redox-regulated and may occur only under oxydizing conditions. Modulates the activity of RYR2 and inhibits calcium influx. (247 aa) |
| | SELENOW | Selenoprotein W; Plays a role as a glutathione (GSH)-dependent antioxidant. May be involved in a redox-related process. May play a role in the myopathies of selenium deficiency (By similarity); Belongs to the SelWTH family. Selenoprotein W subfamily. (87 aa) |
| | GSTT4 | Glutathione S-transferase theta-4; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Belongs to the GST superfamily. Theta family. (241 aa) |
| | WRB-SH3BGR | Uncharacterized protein. (273 aa) |
| | PDIA4 | Protein disulfide-isomerase A4; Protein disulfide isomerase family A member 4; Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. (645 aa) |
| | GSTO1 | Glutathione S-transferase omega-1; Exhibits glutathione-dependent thiol transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. Has S-(phenacyl)glutathione reductase activity. Has also glutathione S-transferase activity. Participates in the biotransformation of inorganic arsenic and reduces monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsonic acid. (241 aa) |
| | GSTM4 | Glutathione S-transferase Mu 4; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Active on 1-chloro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene. (218 aa) |
| | SH3BGRL2 | SH3 domain binding glutamate rich protein like 2; Belongs to the SH3BGR family. (107 aa) |
| | GSTA4 | Glutathione S-transferase A4; Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. This isozyme has a high catalytic efficiency with 4-hydroxyalkenals such as 4- hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). (222 aa) |
| | GSTA5 | Glutathione S-transferase alpha 5. (222 aa) |
| | TXNDC12 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12; Possesses significant protein thiol-disulfide oxidase activity. (172 aa) |
| | SH3BGRL | SH3 domain-binding glutamic acid-rich-like protein; SH3 domain binding glutamate rich protein like. (114 aa) |
| | CLIC4 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 4; Can insert into membranes and form poorly selective ion channels that may also transport chloride ions. Channel activity depends on the pH. Membrane insertion seems to be redox-regulated and may occur only under oxydizing conditions. Promotes cell-surface expression of HRH3. Has alternate cellular functions like a potential role in angiogenesis or in maintaining apical-basolateral membrane polarity during mitosis and cytokinesis. Could also promote endothelial cell proliferation and regulate endothelial morphogenesis (tubulogenesis). (253 aa) |
| | TXNDC8 | Thioredoxin domain-containing protein 8; May be required for post-translational modifications of proteins required for acrosomal biogenesis. May act by reducing disulfide bonds within the sperm. (115 aa) |
| | TXN | Thioredoxin; Participates in various redox reactions through the reversible oxidation of its active center dithiol to a disulfide and catalyzes dithiol-disulfide exchange reactions. Plays a role in the reversible S- nitrosylation of cysteine residues in target proteins, and thereby contributes to the response to intracellular nitric oxide. Nitrosylates the active site Cys of CASP3 in response to nitric oxide (NO), and thereby inhibits caspase-3 activity. Induces the FOS/JUN AP-1 DNA-binding activity in ionizing radiation (IR) cells through its oxidation/reduction status and stimulates [...] (105 aa) |
| | PRXL2C | Peroxiredoxin-like 2C; May regulate positively ERK1/2 signaling and AKT1 activation leading to HIF1A up-regulation with an increased expression of glycolysis genes and enhanced glycolysis. Belongs to the peroxiredoxin-like PRXL2 family. PRXL2C subfamily. (226 aa) |
| | CLIC1 | Chloride intracellular channel protein 1; Can insert into membranes and form chloride ion channels. Channel activity depends on the pH. Membrane insertion seems to be redox-regulated and may occur only under oxydizing conditions. Involved in regulation of the cell cycle. (241 aa) |
| | DNAJC16 | DnaJ heat shock protein family member C16. (782 aa) |
| | NXNL2 | Nucleoredoxin-like protein 2; May be involved in the maintenance of both the function and the viability of sensory neurons, including photoreceptors and olfactory neurons; Belongs to the nucleoredoxin family. (156 aa) |
| | PRDX4 | Peroxiredoxin-4; Thiol-specific peroxidase that catalyzes the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and organic hydroperoxides to water and alcohols, respectively. Plays a role in cell protection against oxidative stress by detoxifying peroxides and as sensor of hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling events. Regulates the activation of NF-kappa-B in the cytosol by a modulation of I-kappa-B-alpha phosphorylation. (271 aa) |
| | GLRX | Glutaredoxin-1; Has a glutathione-disulfide oxidoreductase activity in the presence of NADPH and glutathione reductase. Reduces low molecular weight disulfides and proteins; Belongs to the glutaredoxin family. (106 aa) |
| | GPX3 | Glutathione peroxidase 3; Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione. (226 aa) |
| | GPX2 | Glutathione peroxidase 2; Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested organic hydroperoxides. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not phosphatidycholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors. (190 aa) |
