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CD86 | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86; Receptor involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin-2 production, by binding CD28 or CTLA-4. May play a critical role in the early events of T-cell activation and costimulation of naive T-cells, such as deciding between immunity and anergy that is made by T-cells within 24 hours after activation. Isoform 2 interferes with the formation of CD86 clusters, and thus acts as a negative regulator of T-cell activation. (329 aa) | ||||
TNFRSF18 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 18; Receptor for TNFSF18. Seems to be involved in interactions between activated T-lymphocytes and endothelial cells and in the regulation of T-cell receptor-mediated cell death. Mediated NF-kappa-B activation via the TRAF2/NIK pathway. (255 aa) | ||||
CD28 | T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28; Involved in T-cell activation, the induction of cell proliferation and cytokine production and promotion of T-cell survival. Enhances the production of IL4 and IL10 in T-cells in conjunction with TCR/CD3 ligation and CD40L costimulation. Isoform 3 enhances CD40L-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B and kinases MAPK8 and PAK2 in T-cells. (220 aa) | ||||
ICOS | Inducible T-cell costimulator; Enhances all basic T-cell responses to a foreign antigen, namely proliferation, secretion of lymphokines, up-regulation of molecules that mediate cell-cell interaction, and effective help for antibody secretion by B-cells. Essential both for efficient interaction between T and B-cells and for normal antibody responses to T-cell dependent antigens. Does not up-regulate the production of interleukin- 2, but superinduces the synthesis of interleukin-10. Prevents the apoptosis of pre-activated T-cells. Plays a critical role in CD40- mediated class switching o [...] (199 aa) | ||||
CD19 | B-lymphocyte antigen CD19; Functions as coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes. Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens. Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow. Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in [...] (557 aa) | ||||
AOC3 | Membrane primary amine oxidase; Cell adhesion protein that participates in lymphocyte extravasation and recirculation by mediating the binding of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node vascular endothelial cells in an L-selectin- independent fashion. Has semicarbazide-sensitive (SSAO) monoamine oxidase activity. May play a role in adipogenesis. (763 aa) | ||||
CD4 | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4; Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kina [...] (458 aa) | ||||
ICAM3 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 3; ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). ICAM3 is also a ligand for integrin alpha-D/beta-2. In association with integrin alpha- L/beta-2, contributes to apoptotic neutrophil phagocytosis by macrophages ; Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. ICAM family. (547 aa) | ||||
TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (390 aa) | ||||
IL2 | Interleukin-2; Produced by T-cells in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation, this protein is required for T-cell proliferation and other activities crucial to regulation of the immune response. Can stimulate B-cells, monocytes, lymphokine-activated killer cells, natural killer cells, and glioma cells. (153 aa) | ||||
IL7R | Interleukin-7 receptor subunit alpha; Receptor for interleukin-7. Also acts as a receptor for thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP); Belongs to the type I cytokine receptor family. Type 4 subfamily. (459 aa) | ||||
CD69 | Early activation antigen CD69; Involved in lymphocyte proliferation and functions as a signal transmitting receptor in lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and platelets. (199 aa) | ||||
CD80 | T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80; Involved in the costimulatory signal essential for T- lymphocyte activation. T-cell proliferation and cytokine production is induced by the binding of CD28, binding to CTLA-4 has opposite effects and inhibits T-cell activation. (288 aa) | ||||
ICAM1 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). During leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, ICAM1 engagement promotes the assembly of endothelial apical cups through ARHGEF26/SGEF and RHOG activation. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Coxsackievirus A21 capsid proteins. (532 aa) | ||||
THY1 | Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein; May play a role in cell-cell or cell-ligand interactions during synaptogenesis and other events in the brain. (161 aa) | ||||
VCAM1 | Vascular cell adhesion protein 1; Important in cell-cell recognition. Appears to function in leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Interacts with integrin alpha- 4/beta-1 (ITGA4/ITGB1) on leukocytes, and mediates both adhesion and signal transduction. The VCAM1/ITGA4/ITGB1 interaction may play a pathophysiologic role both in immune responses and in leukocyte emigration to sites of inflammation. (739 aa) | ||||
CD58 | Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3; Ligand of the T-lymphocyte CD2 glycoprotein. This interaction is important in mediating thymocyte interactions with thymic epithelial cells, antigen-independent and -dependent interactions of T-lymphocytes with target cells and antigen-presenting cells and the T-lymphocyte rosetting with erythrocytes. In addition, the LFA-3/CD2 interaction may prime response by both the CD2+ and LFA-3+ cells. (250 aa) | ||||
CD2 | T-cell surface antigen CD2; CD2 interacts with lymphocyte function-associated antigen CD58 (LFA-3) and CD48/BCM1 to mediate adhesion between T-cells and other cell types. CD2 is implicated in the triggering of T-cells, the cytoplasmic domain is implicated in the signaling function. (351 aa) | ||||
FASLG | Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF6/FAS, a receptor that transduces the apoptotic signal into cells. Involved in cytotoxic T-cell-mediated apoptosis, natural killer cell-mediated apoptosis and in T-cell development. Initiates fratricidal/suicidal activation-induced cell death (AICD) in antigen- activated T-cells contributing to the termination of immune responses (By similarity). TNFRSF6/FAS-mediated apoptosis has also a role in the induction of peripheral tolerance (By similarity). Binds to TNFRSF6B/DcR3, a decoy receptor th [...] (281 aa) | ||||
ITGAL | Integrin alpha-L; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for F11R. Integin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL. Involved in a variety of immune phenomena including leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction, cytotoxic T-cell mediated killing, and antibody dependent killing by granulocytes and monocytes. Contributes to natural killer cell cytotoxicity. Involved in leukocyte adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes including T-cells and neutroph [...] (1170 aa) | ||||
CTLA4 | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4; Inhibitory receptor acting as a major negative regulator of T-cell responses. The affinity of CTLA4 for its natural B7 family ligands, CD80 and CD86, is considerably stronger than the affinity of their cognate stimulatory coreceptor CD28. (223 aa) | ||||
PIGN | GPI ethanolamine phosphate transferase 1; Ethanolamine phosphate transferase involved in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor biosynthesis. Transfers ethanolamine phosphate to the first alpha-1,4-linked mannose of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol precursor of GPI-anchor (By similarity). May act as suppressor of replication stress and chromosome missegregation; Belongs to the PIGG/PIGN/PIGO family. PIGN subfamily. (931 aa) | ||||
TNFRSF9 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9; Receptor for TNFSF9/4-1BBL. Possibly active during T cell activation. (255 aa) | ||||
ITGAX | Integrin alpha-X; Integrin alpha-X/beta-2 is a receptor for fibrinogen. It recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen. It mediates cell-cell interaction during inflammatory responses. It is especially important in monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. (1169 aa) | ||||
IDO2 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2; Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Involved in immune regulation. May not play a significant role in tryptophan-related tumoral resistance. (420 aa) | ||||
IDO1 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1; Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step of the catabolism of the essential amino acid tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway. Involved in the peripheral immune tolerance, contributing to maintain homeostasis by preventing autoimmunity or immunopathology that would result from uncontrolled and overreacting immune responses. Tryptophan shortage inhibits T lymphocytes division and accumulation of tryptophan catabolites induces T-cell apoptosis and differentiation of regulatory T-cells. Acts as a suppressor of anti-tumor immunity. Limits the growth of int [...] (403 aa) | ||||
ICAM2 | Intercellular adhesion molecule 2; ICAM proteins are ligands for the leukocyte adhesion protein LFA-1 (integrin alpha-L/beta-2). ICAM2 may play a role in lymphocyte recirculation by blocking LFA-1-dependent cell adhesion. It mediates adhesive interactions important for antigen-specific immune response, NK-cell mediated clearance, lymphocyte recirculation, and other cellular interactions important for immune response and surveillance. (275 aa) | ||||
IL10 | Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro- inflammatory cytokines i [...] (178 aa) | ||||
CD8A | T-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain; Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class I molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins while class II derived from extracellular proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class I proteins presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Sr [...] (235 aa) | ||||
ITGB2 | Integrin beta-2; Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is a receptor for ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3 and ICAM4. Integrin ITGAL/ITGB2 is also a receptor for the secreted form of ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; the interaction is mediated by ITGAL. Integrins ITGAM/ITGB2 and ITGAX/ITGB2 are receptors for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component and for fibrinogen. Integrin ITGAX/ITGB2 recognizes the sequence G-P-R in fibrinogen alpha-chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for factor X. Integrin ITGAD/ITGB2 is a receptor [...] (769 aa) | ||||
DYNC1I2 | Cytoplasmic dynein 1 intermediate chain 2; Acts as one of several non-catalytic accessory components of the cytoplasmic dynein 1 complex that are thought to be involved in linking dynein to cargos and to adapter proteins that regulate dynein function. Cytoplasmic dynein 1 acts as a motor for the intracellular retrograde motility of vesicles and organelles along microtubules. The intermediate chains mediate the binding of dynein to dynactin via its 150 kDa component (p150-glued) DCNT1. Involved in membrane-transport, such as Golgi apparatus, late endosomes and lysosomes. Has a critical [...] (638 aa) | ||||
ITGA4 | Integrin alpha-4; Integrins alpha-4/beta-1 (VLA-4) and alpha-4/beta-7 are receptors for fibronectin. They recognize one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. They are also receptors for VCAM1. Integrin alpha-4/beta-1 recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha-4/beta-7 is also a receptor for MADCAM1. It recognizes the sequence L-D-T in MADCAM1. On activated endothelial cells integrin VLA-4 triggers homotypic aggregation for most VLA-4-positive leukocyte cell lines. It may also participate in cytolytic T-cell interactions wit [...] (1032 aa) | ||||
TNFRSF4 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4; Receptor for TNFSF4/OX40L/GP34. Is a costimulatory molecule implicated in long-term T-cell immunity. (277 aa) | ||||
FOXP3 | Forkhead box protein P3, C-terminally processed; Transcriptional regulator which is crucial for the development and inhibitory function of regulatory T-cells (Treg). Plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis of the immune system by allowing the acquisition of full suppressive function and stability of the Treg lineage, and by directly modulating the expansion and function of conventional T-cells. Can act either as a transcriptional repressor or a transcriptional activator depending on its interactions with other transcription factors, histone acetylases and deacetylases. The s [...] (431 aa) | ||||
CD40 | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5; Receptor for TNFSF5/CD40LG. Transduces TRAF6- and MAP3K8-mediated signals that activate ERK in macrophages and B cells, leading to induction of immunoglobulin secretion (By similarity). (277 aa) |