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| | AGTR1 | Type-1 angiotensin II receptor; Receptor for angiotensin II. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. (394 aa) |
| | AHR | Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; Ligand-activated transcriptional activator. Binds to the XRE promoter region of genes it activates. Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). Mediates biochemical and toxic effects of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Involved in cell-cycle regulation. Likely to play an important role in the development and maturation of many tissues. Regulates the circadian clock by inhibiting the basal and circadian expression of the core circadian component PER1. Inhibits PER1 by repressing [...] (848 aa) |
| | CSF3 | Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. This CSF induces granulocytes; Belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. (207 aa) |
| | MPO | Myeloperoxidase heavy chain; Part of the host defense system of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It is responsible for microbicidal activity against a wide range of organisms. In the stimulated PMN, MPO catalyzes the production of hypohalous acids, primarily hypochlorous acid in physiologic situations, and other toxic intermediates that greatly enhance PMN microbicidal activity; Belongs to the peroxidase family. XPO subfamily. (745 aa) |
| | C5 | Complement C5 alpha' chain; Activation of C5 by a C5 convertase initiates the spontaneous assembly of the late complement components, C5-C9, into the membrane attack complex. C5b has a transient binding site for C6. The C5b-C6 complex is the foundation upon which the lytic complex is assembled. (1676 aa) |
| | EPOR | Erythropoietin receptor; Receptor for erythropoietin. Mediates erythropoietin-induced erythroblast proliferation and differentiation. Upon EPO stimulation, EPOR dimerizes triggering the JAK2/STAT5 signaling cascade. In some cell types, can also activate STAT1 and STAT3. May also activate the LYN tyrosine kinase. (508 aa) |
| | TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (390 aa) |
| | CTSG | Cathepsin G; Serine protease with trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like specificity. Cleaves complement C3. Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacterium P.aeruginosa, antibacterial activity is inhibited by LPS from P.aeruginosa, Z-Gly-Leu-Phe-CH2Cl and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. (255 aa) |
| | RHO | Rhodopsin; Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light- induced isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans- retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. (348 aa) |
| | CCR1 | C-C chemokine receptor type 1; Receptor for a C-C type chemokine. Binds to MIP-1-alpha, MIP- 1-delta, RANTES, and MCP-3 and, less efficiently, to MIP-1-beta or MCP- 1 and subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. Responsible for affecting stem cell proliferation. (355 aa) |
| | SELL | L-selectin; Calcium-dependent lectin that mediates cell adhesion by binding to glycoproteins on neighboring cells. Mediates the adherence of lymphocytes to endothelial cells of high endothelial venules in peripheral lymph nodes. Promotes initial tethering and rolling of leukocytes in endothelia. Belongs to the selectin/LECAM family. (385 aa) |
| | ITGAM | Integrin alpha-M; Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is implicated in various adhesive interactions of monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes as well as in mediating the uptake of complement-coated particles and pathogens. It is identical with CR-3, the receptor for the iC3b fragment of the third complement component. It probably recognizes the R-G-D peptide in C3b. Integrin ITGAM/ITGB2 is also a receptor for fibrinogen, factor X and ICAM1. It recognizes P1 and P2 peptides of fibrinogen gamma chain. Regulates neutrophil migration. In association with beta subunit ITGB2/CD18, required for CD177-PRTN [...] (1153 aa) |
| | CCL23 | C-C motif chemokine 23; Shows chemotactic activity for monocytes, resting T- lymphocytes, and neutrophils, but not for activated lymphocytes. Inhibits proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells in colony formation assays. This protein can bind heparin. Binds CCR1. CCL23(19-99), CCL23(22-99), CCL23(27-99), CCL23(30-99) are more potent chemoattractants than the small-inducible cytokine A23. Belongs to the intercrine beta (chemokine CC) family. (137 aa) |
| | SOCS2 | Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2; SOCS family proteins form part of a classical negative feedback system that regulates cytokine signal transduction. SOCS2 appears to be a negative regulator in the growth hormone/IGF1 signaling pathway. Probable substrate recognition component of a SCF-like ECS (Elongin BC-CUL2/5-SOCS-box protein) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. (198 aa) |
| | VAV1 | Proto-oncogene vav; Couples tyrosine kinase signals with the activation of the Rho/Rac GTPases, thus leading to cell differentiation and/or proliferation. (845 aa) |
| | FPR1 | fMet-Leu-Phe receptor; High affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides (fMLP), which are powerful neutrophil chemotactic factors. Binding of fMLP to the receptor stimulates intracellular calcium mobilization and superoxide anion release. This response is mediated via a G- protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Receptor for TAFA4, mediates its effects on chemoattracting macrophages, promoting phagocytosis and increasing ROS release. (350 aa) |
| | FPR2 | N-formyl peptide receptor 2; Low affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides, which are powerful neutrophil chemotactic factors. Binding of FMLP to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The activation of LXA4R could result in an anti- inflammatory outcome counteracting the actions of proinflammatory signals such as LTB4 (leukotriene B4). Receptor for the chemokine-like protein FAM19A5, mediating FAM19A5-stimulated macrophage chemotaxis and the inhibitory effec [...] (351 aa) |
| | ADCYAP1 | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 27; Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Promotes neuron projection development through the RAPGEF2/Rap1/B-Raf/ERK pathway. In chromaffin cells, induces long-lasting increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, induces insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13589, ; Belongs to the glucagon family. (176 aa) |
| | AKT1 | RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase; AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. This is mediated through serine and/or threonine phosphorylation of a range of downstream substrates. Over 100 substrate candidates have been reported so far, but for most of them, no isoform specificity has been reported. AKT is responsible of the regulation of glucose uptake by mediating insulin-induced translocation of the [...] (480 aa) |
| | TRAF6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter protein that seem [...] (522 aa) |
| | ERVFRD-1 | Transmembrane protein; This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. The interaction with MFSD2A is apparently important for this process. (538 aa) |
| | ERVW-1 | Transmembrane protein; This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. May induce fusion through binding of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5. (538 aa) |
| | PIK3CG | Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) that phosphorylates PtdIns(4,5)P2 (Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. Links G-protein coupled receptor activation to PIP3 production. Involved in immune, inflammatory and allergic responses. Modulates [...] (1102 aa) |
| | IL10 | Interleukin-10; Major immune regulatory cytokine that acts on many cells of the immune system where it has profound anti-inflammatory functions, limiting excessive tissue disruption caused by inflammation. Mechanistically, IL10 binds to its heterotetrameric receptor comprising IL10RA and IL10RB leading to JAK1 and STAT2-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3. In turn, STAT3 translocates to the nucleus where it drives expression of anti-inflammatory mediators. Targets antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and monocytes and inhibits their release of pro- inflammatory cytokines i [...] (178 aa) |
| | ARRB1 | Beta-arrestin-1; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (418 aa) |
| | ARRB2 | Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (430 aa) |
| | GNA13 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF1/p115RhoGEF, ARHGEF11/PDZ-RhoGEF and ARHGEF12/LARG). GNA13-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. Inhibits CDH1-mediated cell adhesion in process independent from Rho a [...] (377 aa) |
| | RHOA | Transforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa) |
| | PRNP | Major prion protein; Its primary physiological function is unclear. May play a role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. May be required for neuronal myelin sheath maintenance. May promote myelin homeostasis through acting as an agonist for ADGRG6 receptor. May play a role in iron uptake and iron homeostasis. Soluble oligomers are toxic to cultured neuroblastoma cells and induce apoptosis (in vitro) (By similarity). Association with GPC1 (via its heparan sulfate chains) targets PRNP to lipid rafts. Also provides Cu(2+) or ZN(2+) for the ascorbate-mediated GPC1 deaminase deg [...] (253 aa) |
| | TNF | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T- cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 [...] (233 aa) |
| | ERV3-1 | Endogenous retrovirus group 3 member 1 Env polyprotein; Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution. This endogenous envelope protein has lost its fusogenic properties. It can inhibit cell growth through decrease expression of cyclin B1 and increased expression of p21 in vitro. TM anchors the envelope heterodimer to the viral membrane through one transmembrane domain. The other hydrophobic domain, called fusion peptide, mediate [...] (604 aa) |
| | CXCR4 | C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4; Receptor for the C-X-C chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 that transduces a signal by increasing intracellular calcium ion levels and enhancing MAPK1/MAPK3 activation. Involved in the AKT signaling cascade. Plays a role in regulation of cell migration, e.g. during wound healing. Acts as a receptor for extracellular ubiquitin; leading to enhanced intracellular calcium ions and reduced cellular cAMP levels. Binds bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) et mediates LPS-induced inflammatory response, including TNF secretion by monocytes. Involved in hematopoiesis and in car [...] (356 aa) |
| | SAG | S-arrestin; Binds to photoactivated, phosphorylated RHO and terminates RHO signaling via G-proteins by competing with G-proteins for the same binding site on RHO (By similarity). May play a role in preventing light-dependent degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. (405 aa) |
| | IL6 | Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (212 aa) |
| | NCF4 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 4; Component of the NADPH-oxidase, a multicomponent enzyme system responsible for the oxidative burst in which electrons are transported from NADPH to molecular oxygen, generating reactive oxidant intermediates. It may be important for the assembly and/or activation of the NADPH-oxidase complex. (348 aa) |
| | LTB4R | Leukotriene B4 receptor 1; Receptor for extracellular ATP > UTP and ADP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. May be the cardiac P2Y receptor involved in the regulation of cardiac muscle contraction through modulation of L-type calcium currents. Is a receptor for leukotriene B4, a potent chemoattractant involved in inflammation and immune response; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (352 aa) |
| | CYBB | Cytochrome b-245 heavy chain; Critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. It is the terminal component of a respiratory chain that transfers single electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across the plasma membrane to molecular oxygen on the exterior. Also functions as a voltage-gated proton channel that mediates the H(+) currents of resting phagocytes. It participates in the regulation of cellular pH and is blocked by zinc. (570 aa) |
| | PRKACG | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. (351 aa) |
| | ANXA1 | Annexin A1; Plays important roles in the innate immune response as effector of glucocorticoid-mediated responses and regulator of the inflammatory process. Has anti-inflammatory activity. Plays a role in glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of the early phase of the inflammatory response (By similarity). Promotes resolution of inflammation and wound healing. Functions at least in part by activating the formyl peptide receptors and downstream signaling cascades. Promotes chemotaxis of granulocytes and monocytes via activation of the formyl peptide receptors. Contributes to the adapti [...] (346 aa) |
| | HCK | Tyrosine-protein kinase HCK; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase found in hematopoietic cells that transmits signals from cell surface receptors and plays an important role in the regulation of innate immune responses, including neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage and mast cell functions, phagocytosis, cell survival and proliferation, cell adhesion and migration. Acts downstream of receptors that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulins, such as FCGR1A and FCGR2A, but also CSF3R, PLAUR, the receptors for IFNG, IL2, IL6 and IL8, and integrins, such as ITGB1 and ITGB2. During the phagocytic p [...] (526 aa) |
| | FGR | Tyrosine-protein kinase Fgr; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that transmits signals from cell surface receptors devoid of kinase activity and contributes to the regulation of immune responses, including neutrophil, monocyte, macrophage and mast cell functions, cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, phagocytosis, cell adhesion and migration. Promotes mast cell degranulation, release of inflammatory cytokines and IgE-mediated anaphylaxis. Acts downstream of receptors that bind the Fc region of immunoglobulins, such as MS4A2/FCER1B, FCGR2A and/or FCGR2B. Acts d [...] (529 aa) |
| | TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni(2+). Responses triggered by Ni(2+) require non- conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. Both M.tuberculosis HSP70 (dnaK) and HSP65 (groEL-2) act via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression. In complex with [...] (839 aa) |
| | GSN | Gelsolin; Calcium-regulated, actin-modulating protein that binds to the plus (or barbed) ends of actin monomers or filaments, preventing monomer exchange (end-blocking or capping). It can promote the assembly of monomers into filaments (nucleation) as well as sever filaments already formed. Plays a role in ciliogenesis. (782 aa) |
| | CYSLTR1 | Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1; Receptor for cysteinyl leukotrienes mediating bronchoconstriction of individuals with and without asthma. Stimulation by LTD4 results in the contraction and proliferation of smooth muscle, edema, eosinophil migration and damage to the mucus layer in the lung. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinities for the leukotrienes is LTD4 >> LTE4 = LTC4 >> LTB4. (337 aa) |
| | PLAU | Urokinase-type plasminogen activator short chain A; Specifically cleaves the zymogen plasminogen to form the active enzyme plasmin. (431 aa) |
| | PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog; Tumor suppressor. Acts as a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, dephosphorylating tyrosine-, serine- and threonine- phosphorylated proteins. Also acts as a lipid phosphatase, removing the phosphate in the D3 position of the inositol ring from phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3,4- diphosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and inositol 1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate with order of substrate preference in vitro PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 > PtdIns(3,4)P2 > PtdIns3P > Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. The lipid phosphatase activity is critical for its tumor [...] (403 aa) |
| | PREX1 | Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchanger 1 protein; Functions as a RAC guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), which activates the Rac proteins by exchanging bound GDP for free GTP. Its activity is synergistically activated by phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate and the beta gamma subunits of heterotrimeric G protein. May function downstream of heterotrimeric G proteins in neutrophils. (1659 aa) |
| | PRKACB | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subu [...] (398 aa) |
| | LMNA | Prelamin-A/C; Lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, a fibrous layer on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner nuclear membrane, which is thought to provide a framework for the nuclear envelope and may also interact with chromatin. Lamin A and C are present in equal amounts in the lamina of mammals. Plays an important role in nuclear assembly, chromatin organization, nuclear membrane and telomere dynamics. Required for normal development of peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle and for muscle satellite cell proliferation. Required for osteoblastogenesis and bone formation. A [...] (664 aa) |
| | NCF2 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 2; NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production). (526 aa) |
| | RABIF | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor MSS4; Guanine-nucleotide-releasing protein that acts on members of the SEC4/YPT1/RAB subfamily. Stimulates GDP release from both YPT1 and RAB3A, but is less active on these proteins than on the SEC4 protein. Might play a general role in vesicular transport; Belongs to the DSS4/MSS4 family. (123 aa) |
| | AGT | Angiotensin 1-4; Essential component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), a potent regulator of blood pressure, body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. [Angiotensin-3]: stimulates aldosterone release. (485 aa) |
| | MT-ND1 | NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1; Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). (318 aa) |
| | MT-CO1 | Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1; Component of the cytochrome c oxidase, the last enzyme in the mitochondrial electron transport chain which drives oxidative phosphorylation. The respiratory chain contains 3 multisubunit complexes succinate dehydrogenase (complex II, CII), ubiquinol- cytochrome c oxidoreductase (cytochrome b-c1 complex, complex III, CIII) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV, CIV), that cooperate to transfer electrons derived from NADH and succinate to molecular oxygen, creating an electrochemical gradient over the inner membrane that drives transmembrane transport and t [...] (513 aa) |
| | C5AR1 | C5a anaphylatoxin chemotactic receptor 1; Receptor for the chemotactic and inflammatory peptide anaphylatoxin C5a. The ligand interacts with at least two sites on the receptor: a high- affinity site on the extracellular N-terminus, and a second site in the transmembrane region which activates downstream signaling events. Receptor activation stimulates chemotaxis, granule enzyme release, intracellular calcium release and superoxide anion production. (350 aa) |
| | FPR3 | N-formyl peptide receptor 3; Low affinity receptor for N-formyl-methionyl peptides, which are powerful neutrophils chemotactic factors. Binding of FMLP to the receptor causes activation of neutrophils. This response is mediated via a G-protein that activates a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (353 aa) |
| | PLAUR | Urokinase plasminogen activator surface receptor; Acts as a receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator. Plays a role in localizing and promoting plasmin formation. Mediates the proteolysis-independent signal transduction activation effects of U-PA. It is subject to negative-feedback regulation by U-PA which cleaves it into an inactive form. (335 aa) |
| | PLCB1 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1216 aa) |
| | NAB1 | NGFI-A-binding protein 1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor for zinc finger transcription factors EGR1 and EGR2. (487 aa) |
| | MMP1 | 22 kDa interstitial collagenase; Cleaves collagens of types I, II, and III at one site in the helical domain. Also cleaves collagens of types VII and X. In case of HIV infection, interacts and cleaves the secreted viral Tat protein, leading to a decrease in neuronal Tat's mediated neurotoxicity. (469 aa) |
| | F2R | Proteinase-activated receptor 1; High affinity receptor for activated thrombin coupled to G proteins that stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis. May play a role in platelets activation and in vascular development. (425 aa) |
| | GRK3 | Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 2; Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily. (688 aa) |
| | GRK2 | Beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1; Specifically phosphorylates the agonist-occupied form of the beta-adrenergic and closely related receptors, probably inducing a desensitization of them. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling. Competes with RALA for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of the receptor. Desensitizes LPAR1 and LPAR2 in a phosphorylation- independent manner. Positively regulates ciliary smoothened (SMO)-dependent Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway by facilitating the trafficking of SMO into the cilium and the stimulation of SMO activity (By similarity). Belong [...] (689 aa) |
| | CASP3 | Caspase-3 subunit p12; Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. At the onset of apoptosis it proteolytically cleaves poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) at a '216-Asp-|-Gly-217' bond. Cleaves and activates sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) between the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper domain and the membrane attachment domain. Cleaves and activates caspase-6, -7 and -9. Involved in the cleavage of huntingtin. Triggers cell adhesion in sympathetic neurons through RET cleavage. (277 aa) |
| | CD34 | Hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34; Possible adhesion molecule with a role in early hematopoiesis by mediating the attachment of stem cells to the bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells. Could act as a scaffold for the attachment of lineage specific glycans, allowing stem cells to bind to lectins expressed by stromal cells or other marrow components. Presents carbohydrate ligands to selectins. (385 aa) |
| | PRKACA | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa) |
| | CYCS | Cytochrome c; Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain. (105 aa) |
| | CXCL8 | Interleukin-8; IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in neutrophil activation. It is released from several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8(6-77) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, IL-8(5-77) has increased activity on neutrophil activation and IL-8(7-77) has a higher affinity to receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 as compared to IL-8(1-77), respectively. (99 aa) |
| | GUSB | Beta-glucuronidase; Plays an important role in the degradation of dermatan and keratan sulfates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (651 aa) |
| | MMP3 | Stromelysin-1; Can degrade fibronectin, laminin, gelatins of type I, III, IV, and V; collagens III, IV, X, and IX, and cartilage proteoglycans. Activates procollagenase; Belongs to the peptidase M10A family. (477 aa) |
| | SCIN | Adseverin; Ca(2+)-dependent actin filament-severing protein that has a regulatory function in exocytosis by affecting the organization of the microfilament network underneath the plasma membrane. Severing activity is inhibited by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bis-phosphate (PIP2) (By similarity). In vitro, also has barbed end capping and nucleating activities in the presence of Ca(2+). Required for megakaryocyte differentiation, maturation, polyploidization and apoptosis with the release of platelet-like particles. Plays a role in osteoclastogenesis (OCG) and actin cytoskeletal organization [...] (715 aa) |
| | CSF2 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. Belongs to the GM-CSF family. (144 aa) |
| | CAMP | Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; Binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), has antibacterial activity. (173 aa) |
| | GNA11 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Acts as an activator of phospholipase C. (359 aa) |
| | HMOX1 | Heme oxygenase 1; Heme oxygenase cleaves the heme ring at the alpha methene bridge to form biliverdin. Biliverdin is subsequently converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase. Under physiological conditions, the activity of heme oxygenase is highest in the spleen, where senescent erythrocytes are sequestrated and destroyed. Exhibits cytoprotective effects since excess of free heme sensitizes cells to undergo apoptosis. (288 aa) |
| | NCF1 | Neutrophil cytosol factor 1; NCF2, NCF1, and a membrane bound cytochrome b558 are required for activation of the latent NADPH oxidase (necessary for superoxide production). (390 aa) |
| | PDF | Peptide deformylase, mitochondrial; Removes the formyl group from the N-terminal Met of newly synthesized proteins; Belongs to the polypeptide deformylase family. (243 aa) |
| | GNAQ | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Regulates B-cell selection and survival and is required to prevent B-cell-dependent autoimmunity. Regulates chemotaxis of BM- derived neutrophils and dendritic cells (in vitro) (By similarity). Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily. (359 aa) |
| | APP | Gamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis- inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits [...] (770 aa) |
| | GNA12 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Activates effector molecule RhoA by binding and activating RhoGEFs (ARHGEF12/LARG). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling subsequently regulates transcription factor AP-1 (activating protein-1) (By similarity). GNA12-dependent Rho signaling also regulates protein phosphatese 2A activation causing dephosphorylation of its target proteins. Promotes tumor cell invasion and metastasis by activating RhoA/ROCK sign [...] (381 aa) |
| | IL1B | Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells. (269 aa) |
| | GNA15 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (374 aa) |
| | SCARB1 | Scavenger receptor class B member 1; Receptor for different ligands such as phospholipids, cholesterol ester, lipoproteins, phosphatidylserine and apoptotic cells. Receptor for HDL, mediating selective uptake of cholesteryl ether and HDL-dependent cholesterol efflux. Also facilitates the flux of free and esterified cholesterol between the cell surface and apoB-containing lipoproteins and modified lipoproteins, although less efficiently than HDL. May be involved in the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, via its phosphatidylserine binding activity. Belongs to the CD36 family. (509 aa) |
| | PLCB2 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1185 aa) |
| | TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2; Cooperates with LY96 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins and other microbial cell wall components. Cooperates with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipoproteins or lipopeptides. Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. May also activate immune cells and promote apoptosis in response to the lipid moiety of lipoproteins. Recognizes mycoplasmal macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2kD (MALP-2), soluble tuberculosis factor (STF), phenol-soluble [...] (784 aa) |
| | RAC2 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses, such as secretory processes, phagocytose of apoptotic cells and epithelial cell polarization. Augments the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase. (192 aa) |
