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TCN2 TCN2 AHCY AHCY SLC19A2 SLC19A2 ATIC ATIC DMGDH DMGDH FOLH1 FOLH1 TCN1 TCN1 MTHFS MTHFS GGH GGH MARS1 MARS1 DNMT3A DNMT3A ALDH1L1 ALDH1L1 FTH1 FTH1 AMT AMT BHMT BHMT MARS2 MARS2 SLC25A32 SLC25A32 DCAF13 DCAF13 FOLR2 FOLR2 MAT2A MAT2A PEX6 PEX6 SLC19A1 SLC19A1 TYMS TYMS AHCYL2 AHCYL2 UBE2N UBE2N SHMT1 SHMT1 GCSH GCSH MAT2B MAT2B MAF MAF DNMT3B DNMT3B SHMT2 SHMT2 UBE2I UBE2I DNMT1 DNMT1 MTR MTR AHCYL1 AHCYL1 CTH CTH SARDH SARDH MAT1A MAT1A GNMT GNMT FPGS FPGS MTHFR MTHFR GLDC GLDC GART GART FOLR1 FOLR1 MTHFD2 MTHFD2 FTCD FTCD CBS CBS DHFR DHFR MTRR MTRR CELF1 CELF1 HSPA8 HSPA8 MTHFD1L MTHFD1L SLC46A1 SLC46A1 FOLR3 FOLR3 CBSL CBSL SLC19A3 SLC19A3 MTHFD1 MTHFD1
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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TCN2Transcobalamin-2; Primary vitamin B12-binding and transport protein. Delivers cobalamin to cells; Belongs to the eukaryotic cobalamin transport proteins family. (427 aa)
AHCYAdenosylhomocysteinase; Adenosylhomocysteine is a competitive inhibitor of S- adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyl transferase reactions; therefore adenosylhomocysteinase may play a key role in the control of methylations via regulation of the intracellular concentration of adenosylhomocysteine. (432 aa)
SLC19A2Thiamine transporter 1; High-affinity transporter for the intake of thiamine. (497 aa)
ATICBifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family. (592 aa)
DMGDHDimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the demethylation of N,N-dimethylglycine to sarcosine. Also has activity with sarcosine in vitro. (866 aa)
FOLH1Glutamate carboxypeptidase 2; Has both folate hydrolase and N-acetylated-alpha-linked- acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase) activity. Has a preference for tri- alpha-glutamate peptides. In the intestine, required for the uptake of folate. In the brain, modulates excitatory neurotransmission through the hydrolysis of the neuropeptide, N-aceylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), thereby releasing glutamate. Involved in prostate tumor progression. (750 aa)
TCN1Transcobalamin-1; Binds vitamin B12 with femtomolar affinity and protects it from the acidic environment of the stomach; Belongs to the eukaryotic cobalamin transport proteins family. (433 aa)
MTHFS5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase; Contributes to tetrahydrofolate metabolism. Helps regulate carbon flow through the folate-dependent one-carbon metabolic network that supplies carbon for the biosynthesis of purines, thymidine and amino acids. Catalyzes the irreversible conversion of 5- formyltetrahydrofolate (5-FTHF) to yield 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate. (203 aa)
GGHGamma-glutamyl hydrolase; Hydrolyzes the polyglutamate sidechains of pteroylpolyglutamates. Progressively removes gamma-glutamyl residues from pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate to yield pteroyl-alpha-glutamate (folic acid) and free glutamate. May play an important role in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of pteroylpolyglutamates and antifolates; Belongs to the peptidase C26 family. (318 aa)
MARS1Methionine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the specific attachment of an amino acid to its cognate tRNA in a 2 step reaction: the amino acid (AA) is first activated by ATP to form AA-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of the tRNA. Plays a role in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA in the nucleolus. Belongs to the class-I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family. (900 aa)
DNMT3ADNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3A; Required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. It modifies DNA in a non-processive manner and also methylates non-CpG sites. May preferentially methylate DNA linker between 2 nucleosomal cores and is inhibited by histone H1. Plays a role in paternal and maternal imprinting. Required for methylation of most imprinted loci in germ cells. Acts as a transcriptional corepressor for ZBTB18. Recruited to trimet [...] (912 aa)
ALDH1L1Cytosolic 10-formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member L1; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the GART family. (912 aa)
FTH1Ferritin heavy chain, N-terminally processed; Stores iron in a soluble, non-toxic, readily available form. Important for iron homeostasis. Has ferroxidase activity. Iron is taken up in the ferrous form and deposited as ferric hydroxides after oxidation. Also plays a role in delivery of iron to cells. Mediates iron uptake in capsule cells of the developing kidney (By similarity). Belongs to the ferritin family. (183 aa)
AMTAminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial; The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine; Belongs to the GcvT family. (403 aa)
BHMTBetaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1; Involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism. Converts betaine and homocysteine to dimethylglycine and methionine, respectively. This reaction is also required for the irreversible oxidation of choline. (406 aa)
MARS2Methionine--tRNA ligase, mitochondrial; methionyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial. (593 aa)
SLC25A32Mitochondrial folate transporter/carrier; Transports folate across the inner membranes of mitochondria. Can also transport FAD across the mitochondrial inner membrane. (315 aa)
DCAF13DDB1- and CUL4-associated factor 13; Possible role in ribosomal RNA processing (By similarity). May function as a substrate receptor for CUL4-DDB1 E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex; Belongs to the WD repeat DCAF13/WDSOF1 family. (597 aa)
FOLR2Folate receptor beta; Binds to folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folate analogs into the interior of cells. Has high affinity for folate and folic acid analogs at neutral pH. Exposure to slightly acidic pH after receptor endocytosis triggers a conformation change that strongly reduces its affinity for folates and mediates their release. (255 aa)
MAT2AS-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-2; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate; Belongs to the AdoMet synthase family. (395 aa)
PEX6Peroxisome assembly factor 2; Involved in peroxisome biosynthesis. Required for stability of the PTS1 receptor. Anchored by PEX26 to peroxisome membranes, possibly to form heteromeric AAA ATPase complexes required for the import of proteins into peroxisomes. (980 aa)
SLC19A1Reduced folate transporter; Transporter that mediates the import of reduced folates and a subset of cyclic dinucleotides. Has high affinity for N5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the predominant circulating form of folate. Also able to mediate the import of antifolate drug methotrexate. Acts as an importer of immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotides, such as cyclic GMP-AMP (2'-3'-cGAMP), an immune messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol, and its linkage isomer 3'-3'-cGAMP. Mechanistically, acts as an antiporter, which export of intracellular organic anions to facilitate uptake of [...] (591 aa)
TYMSThymidylate synthase; Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. (313 aa)
AHCYL2Adenosylhomocysteinase 3; May regulate the electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter SLC4A4 activity and Mg(2+)-sensitivity. On the contrary of its homolog AHCYL1, does not regulate ITPR1 sensitivity to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ; Belongs to the adenosylhomocysteinase family. (611 aa)
UBE2NUbiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N; The UBE2V1-UBE2N and UBE2V2-UBE2N heterodimers catalyze the synthesis of non-canonical 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. This type of polyubiquitination does not lead to protein degradation by the proteasome. Mediates transcriptional activation of target genes. Plays a role in the control of progress through the cell cycle and differentiation. Plays a role in the error-free DNA repair pathway and contributes to the survival of cells after DNA damage. Acts together with the E3 ligases, HLTF and SHPRH, in the 'Lys-63'-linked poly- ubiquitination of [...] (152 aa)
SHMT1Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic; Interconversion of serine and glycine. (483 aa)
GCSHGlycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial; The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The H protein (GCSH) shuttles the methylamine group of glycine from the P protein (GLDC) to the T protein (GCST). Belongs to the GcvH family. (173 aa)
MAT2BMethionine adenosyltransferase 2 subunit beta; Regulatory subunit of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase 2, an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. Regulates MAT2A catalytic activity by changing its kinetic properties, increasing its affinity for L-methionine. Can bind NADP (in vitro). (334 aa)
MAFTranscription factor Maf; Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Involved in embryonic lens fiber cell development. Recruits the transcriptional coactivators CREBBP and/or EP300 to crystallin promoters leading to up- regulation of crystallin gene during lens fiber cell differentiation. Activates the expression of IL4 in T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Increases T- cell susceptibility to apoptosis by interacting with MYB and decreasing BCL2 expression. Together with PAX6, transactivates strongly the glucagon gene promoter through the G1 element. Activates transcription of the CD13 pr [...] (403 aa)
DNMT3BDNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3B; Required for genome-wide de novo methylation and is essential for the establishment of DNA methylation patterns during development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. May preferentially methylates nucleosomal DNA within the nucleosome core region. May function as transcriptional co-repressor by associating with CBX4 and independently of DNA methylation. Seems to be involved in gene silencing (By similarity). In association with DNMT1 and via the recruitment of CTCFL/BORIS, involved in activation of BAG1 gene expression by [...] (853 aa)
SHMT2Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the cleavage of serine to glycine accompanied with the production of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, an essential intermediate for purine biosynthesis. Serine provides the major source of folate one-carbon in cells by catalyzing the transfer of one carbon from serine to tetrahydrofolate. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway via its role in glycine and tetrahydrofolate metabolism: thymidylate biosynthesis is required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Also required for mitochondrial tran [...] (504 aa)
UBE2ISUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9; Accepts the ubiquitin-like proteins SUMO1, SUMO2, SUMO3, SUMO4 and SUMO1P1/SUMO5 from the UBLE1A-UBLE1B E1 complex and catalyzes their covalent attachment to other proteins with the help of an E3 ligase such as RANBP2, CBX4 and ZNF451. Can catalyze the formation of poly-SUMO chains. Necessary for sumoylation of FOXL2 and KAT5. Essential for nuclear architecture and chromosome segregation. Sumoylates p53/TP53 at 'Lys-386'. Mediates sumoylation of ERCC6 which is essential for its transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair activity. Belongs to the ubiqu [...] (158 aa)
DNMT1DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1; Methylates CpG residues. Preferentially methylates hemimethylated DNA. Associates with DNA replication sites in S phase maintaining the methylation pattern in the newly synthesized strand, that is essential for epigenetic inheritance. Associates with chromatin during G2 and M phases to maintain DNA methylation independently of replication. It is responsible for maintaining methylation patterns established in development. DNA methylation is coordinated with methylation of histones. Mediates transcriptional repression by direct binding to HDAC2. In a [...] (1632 aa)
MTRMethionine synthase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyl- cobalamin to homocysteine, yielding enzyme-bound cob(I)alamin and methionine. Subsequently, remethylates the cofactor using methyltetrahydrofolate (By similarity); Belongs to the vitamin-B12 dependent methionine synthase family. (1265 aa)
AHCYL1S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1; Multifaceted cellular regulator which coordinates several essential cellular functions including regulation of epithelial HCO3(-) and fluid secretion, mRNA processing and DNA replication. Regulates ITPR1 sensitivity to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate competing for the common binding site and acting as endogenous 'pseudoligand' whose inhibitory activity can be modulated by its phosphorylation status. In the pancreatic and salivary ducts, at resting state, attenuates inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced calcium release by interacting with ITP [...] (530 aa)
CTHCystathionine gamma-lyase; Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target protei [...] (405 aa)
SARDHSarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Sarcosine dehydrogenase; Belongs to the GcvT family. (918 aa)
MAT1AS-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1; Catalyzes the formation of S-adenosylmethionine from methionine and ATP. The reaction comprises two steps that are both catalyzed by the same enzyme: formation of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and triphosphate, and subsequent hydrolysis of the triphosphate. (395 aa)
GNMTGlycine N-methyltransferase; Catalyzes the methylation of glycine by using S- adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) to form N-methylglycine (sarcosine) with the concomitant production of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). Possible crucial role in the regulation of tissue concentration of AdoMet and of metabolism of methionine. (295 aa)
FPGSFolylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis. Unsubstituted reduced folates are the preferred substrates. Metabolizes methotrexate (MTX) to polyglutamates. (587 aa)
MTHFRMethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine. (697 aa)
GLDCGlycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial; The glycine cleavage system catalyzes the degradation of glycine. The P protein (GLDC) binds the alpha-amino group of glycine through its pyridoxal phosphate cofactor; CO(2) is released and the remaining methylamine moiety is then transferred to the lipoamide cofactor of the H protein (GCSH). (1020 aa)
GARTTrifunctional purine biosynthetic protein adenosine-3; Phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase; In the central section; belongs to the AIR synthase family. (1010 aa)
FOLR1Folate receptor alpha; Binds to folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folate analogs into the interior of cells. Has high affinity for folate and folic acid analogs at neutral pH. Exposure to slightly acidic pH after receptor endocytosis triggers a conformation change that strongly reduces its affinity for folates and mediates their release. Required for normal embryonic development and normal cell proliferation. (257 aa)
MTHFD2Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial; Although its dehydrogenase activity is NAD-specific, it can also utilize NADP at a reduced efficiency. Belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family. (350 aa)
FTCDFormimidoyltetrahydrofolate cyclodeaminase; Folate-dependent enzyme, that displays both transferase and deaminase activity. Serves to channel one-carbon units from formiminoglutamate to the folate pool; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the formiminotransferase family. (572 aa)
CBSCystathionine beta-synthase-like protein; Hydro-lyase catalyzing the first step of the transsulfuration pathway, where the hydroxyl group of L-serine is displaced by L- homocysteine in a beta-replacement reaction to form L-cystathionine, the precursor of L-cysteine. This catabolic route allows the elimination of L-methionine and the toxic metabolite L-homocysteine. Also involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide, a gasotransmitter with signaling and cytoprotective effects on neurons. (551 aa)
DHFRDihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFR2. (187 aa)
MTRRMethionine synthase reductase; Involved in the reductive regeneration of cob(I)alamin (vitamin B12) cofactor required for the maintenance of methionine synthase in a functional state. Necessary for utilization of methylgroups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Folate pathway donates methyl groups necessary for cellular methylation and affects different pathways such as DNA methylation, possibly explaining the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance effects. (698 aa)
CELF1CUGBP Elav-like family member 1; RNA-binding protein implicated in the regulation of several post-transcriptional events. Involved in pre-mRNA alternative splicing, mRNA translation and stability. Mediates exon inclusion and/or exclusion in pre-mRNA that are subject to tissue-specific and developmentally regulated alternative splicing. Specifically activates exon 5 inclusion of cardiac isoforms of TNNT2 during heart remodeling at the juvenile to adult transition. Acts as both an activator and repressor of a pair of coregulated exons: promotes inclusion of the smooth muscle (SM) exon bu [...] (514 aa)
HSPA8Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein; Molecular chaperone implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including protection of the proteome from stress, folding and transport of newly synthesized polypeptides, activation of proteolysis of misfolded proteins and the formation and dissociation of protein complexes. Plays a pivotal role in the protein quality control system, ensuring the correct folding of proteins, the re-folding of misfolded proteins and controlling the targeting of proteins for subsequent degradation. This is achieved through cycles of ATP binding, ATP hydrolysis a [...] (646 aa)
MTHFD1LMonofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, mitochondrial; May provide the missing metabolic reaction required to link the mitochondria and the cytoplasm in the mammalian model of one-carbon folate metabolism in embryonic an transformed cells complementing thus the enzymatic activities of MTHFD2; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family. (979 aa)
SLC46A1Proton-coupled folate transporter; Has been shown to act both as an intestinal proton-coupled high-affinity folate transporter and as an intestinal heme transporter which mediates heme uptake from the gut lumen into duodenal epithelial cells. The iron is then released from heme and may be transported into the bloodstream. Dietary heme iron is an important nutritional source of iron. Shows a higher affinity for folate than heme. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. SLC46A family. (459 aa)
FOLR3Folate receptor gamma; Binds to folate and reduced folic acid derivatives and mediates delivery of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate to the interior of cells. Isoform Short does not bind folate. (245 aa)
CBSLCystathionine beta-synthase like. (565 aa)
SLC19A3Thiamine transporter 2; Mediates high affinity thiamine uptake, probably via a proton anti-port mechanism. Has no folate transport activity. Belongs to the reduced folate carrier (RFC) transporter (TC 2.A.48) family. (496 aa)
MTHFD1C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic, N-terminally processed; Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family. (935 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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