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TAX1BP1 | Tax1-binding protein 1; Inhibits TNF-induced apoptosis by mediating the TNFAIP3 anti- apoptotic activity. Degraded by caspase-3-like family proteins upon TNF-induced apoptosis. May also play a role in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1 signaling cascade. (789 aa) | ||||
TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4; Cooperates with LY96 and CD14 to mediate the innate immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Acts via MYD88, TIRAP and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response. Also involved in LPS-independent inflammatory responses triggered by free fatty acids, such as palmitate, and Ni(2+). Responses triggered by Ni(2+) require non- conserved histidines and are, therefore, species-specific. Both M.tuberculosis HSP70 (dnaK) and HSP65 (groEL-2) act via this protein to stimulate NF-kappa-B expression. In complex with [...] (839 aa) | ||||
TRAF1 | TNF receptor-associated factor 1; Adapter molecule that regulates the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK. Plays a role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. The heterotrimer formed by TRAF1 and TRAF2 is part of a E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex that promotes ubiquitination of target proteins, such as MAP3K14. The TRAF1/TRAF2 complex recruits the antiapoptotic E3 protein-ubiquitin ligases BIRC2 and BIRC3 to TNFRSF1B/TNFR2. (416 aa) | ||||
HSP90AB1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co- chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a range of client protein classes via its interact [...] (724 aa) | ||||
CHUK | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation and phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated into t [...] (745 aa) | ||||
NFKB2 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p100 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the indi [...] (900 aa) | ||||
STAT1 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-alpha/beta; Signal transducer and transcription activator that mediates cellular responses to interferons (IFNs), cytokine KITLG/SCF and other cytokines and other growth factors. Following type I IFN (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) binding to cell surface receptors, signaling via protein kinases leads to activation of Jak kinases (TYK2 and JAK1) and to tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT2. The phosphorylated STATs dimerize and associate with ISGF3G/IRF-9 to form a complex termed ISGF3 transcription factor, that enters the nucleus. ISGF [...] (750 aa) | ||||
ZNF711 | Zinc finger protein 711; Transcription regulator required for brain development. Probably acts as a transcription factor that binds to the promoter of target genes and recruits PHF8 histone demethylase, leading to activate expression of genes involved in neuron development, such as KDM5C. Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (807 aa) | ||||
CCL20 | C-C motif chemokine 20; Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6. Signals through binding and activation of CCR6 and induces a strong chemotactic response and mobilization of intracellular calcium ions. The ligand- receptor pair CCL20-CCR6 is responsible for the chemotaxis of dendritic cells (DC), effector/memory T-cells and B-cells and plays an important role at skin and mucosal surfaces under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, as well as in pathology, including cancer and various autoimmune diseases. CCL20 acts as a chemotactic factor that attracts lymphocytes and, slig [...] (96 aa) | ||||
UBE2D3 | Ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D3; Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. (149 aa) | ||||
PXDNL | Peroxidasin-like protein; [Isoform PMR1]: Endonuclease selectively degrading some target mRNAs while they are engaged by translating ribosomes, among which albumin and beta-globin mRNAs. (1463 aa) | ||||
HSP90AA1 | Heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha; Molecular chaperone that promotes the maturation, structural maintenance and proper regulation of specific target proteins involved for instance in cell cycle control and signal transduction. Undergoes a functional cycle that is linked to its ATPase activity which is essential for its chaperone activity. This cycle probably induces conformational changes in the client proteins, thereby causing their activation. Interacts dynamically with various co-chaperones that modulate its substrate recognition, ATPase cycle and chaperone function. Engages with a ra [...] (854 aa) | ||||
TNIP2 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 2; Inhibits NF-kappa-B activation by blocking the interaction of RIPK1 with its downstream effector NEMO/IKBKG. Forms a ternary complex with NFKB1 and MAP3K8 but appears to function upstream of MAP3K8 in the TLR4 signaling pathway that regulates MAP3K8 activation. Involved in activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway during innate immune response; this function seems to be stimulus- and cell type specific. Required for stability of MAP3K8. Involved in regulation of apoptosis in endothelial cells; promotes TEK agonist-stimulated endothelial survival. May ac [...] (429 aa) | ||||
UBE2N | Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 N; The UBE2V1-UBE2N and UBE2V2-UBE2N heterodimers catalyze the synthesis of non-canonical 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains. This type of polyubiquitination does not lead to protein degradation by the proteasome. Mediates transcriptional activation of target genes. Plays a role in the control of progress through the cell cycle and differentiation. Plays a role in the error-free DNA repair pathway and contributes to the survival of cells after DNA damage. Acts together with the E3 ligases, HLTF and SHPRH, in the 'Lys-63'-linked poly- ubiquitination of [...] (152 aa) | ||||
CXCL10 | C-X-C motif chemokine 10; Pro-inflammatory cytokine that is involved in a wide variety of processes such as chemotaxis, differentiation, and activation of peripheral immune cells, regulation of cell growth, apoptosis and modulation of angiostatic effects. Plays thereby an important role during viral infections by stimulating the activation and migration of immune cells to the infected sites (By similarity). Mechanistically, binding of CXCL10 to the CXCR3 receptor activates G protein-mediated signaling and results in downstream activation of phospholipase C-dependent pathway, an increas [...] (98 aa) | ||||
CSF2 | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. Belongs to the GM-CSF family. (144 aa) | ||||
ALB | Serum albumin; Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc. Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific man [...] (609 aa) | ||||
BIRC3 | Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 3; Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, mitogenic kinase signaling and cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and regulates both canonical and non- canonical NF-kappa-B signaling by acting in opposite directions: acts as a positive regulator of the canonical pathway and suppresses constitutive activation of non-canonical NF-kappa-B signaling. The target proteins [...] (604 aa) | ||||
IL1B | Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells. (269 aa) | ||||
IL1A | Interleukin-1 alpha; Produced by activated macrophages, IL-1 stimulates thymocyte proliferation by inducing IL-2 release, B-cell maturation and proliferation, and fibroblast growth factor activity. IL-1 proteins are involved in the inflammatory response, being identified as endogenous pyrogens, and are reported to stimulate the release of prostaglandin and collagenase from synovial cells. (271 aa) | ||||
MAPK3 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 3; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (379 aa) | ||||
PXDN | Peroxidasin homolog; Displays low peroxidase activity and is likely to participate in H(2)O(2) metabolism and peroxidative reactions in the cardiovascular system. Plays a role in extracellular matrix formation. (1479 aa) | ||||
PTK2B | Protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta; Non-receptor protein-tyrosine kinase that regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, cell polarization, cell migration, adhesion, spreading and bone remodeling. Plays a role in the regulation of the humoral immune response, and is required for normal levels of marginal B-cells in the spleen and normal migration of splenic B-cells. Required for normal macrophage polarization and migration towards sites of inflammation. Regulates cytoskeleton rearrangement and cell spreading in T-cells, and contributes to the regulation of T-cell responses. Promot [...] (1009 aa) | ||||
RNF11 | RING finger protein 11; Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also TNFAIP3, ITCH and TAX1BP1, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. Promotes the association of TNFAIP3 to RIPK1 after TNF stimulation. TNFAIP3 deubiquitinates 'Lys- 63' polyubiquitin chains on RIPK1 and catalyzes the formation of 'Lys- 48'-polyubiquitin chains. This leads to RIPK1 proteasomal degradation and consequently termination of the TNF- or LPS-mediated activation of NF-kappa-B. Recruits STAMBP to the E3 ubiquitin-ligase SMURF2 for ubiquitination, lea [...] (154 aa) | ||||
IFNG | Interferon gamma; Produced by lymphocytes activated by specific antigens or mitogens. IFN-gamma, in addition to having antiviral activity, has important immunoregulatory functions. It is a potent activator of macrophages, it has antiproliferative effects on transformed cells and it can potentiate the antiviral and antitumor effects of the type I interferons; Belongs to the type II (or gamma) interferon family. (166 aa) | ||||
NFKB1 | Nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52 and the heterodimeric p65-p50 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dime [...] (969 aa) | ||||
RELB | Transcription factor RelB; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor which is present in almost all cell types and is involved in many biological processed such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain-containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The dimers bind at kappa-B sites in the DNA of their target genes and the individual dimers have distinct preferences for different kappa-B sites that they can bind with distinguishab [...] (579 aa) | ||||
NFKBIA | NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha; Inhibits the activity of dimeric NF-kappa-B/REL complexes by trapping REL dimers in the cytoplasm through masking of their nuclear localization signals. On cellular stimulation by immune and proinflammatory responses, becomes phosphorylated promoting ubiquitination and degradation, enabling the dimeric RELA to translocate to the nucleus and activate transcription. (317 aa) | ||||
MAPK1 | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; Serine/threonine kinase which acts as an essential component of the MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK3/ERK1 are the 2 MAPKs which play an important role in the MAPK/ERK cascade. They participate also in a signaling cascade initiated by activated KIT and KITLG/SCF. Depending on the cellular context, the MAPK/ERK cascade mediates diverse biological functions such as cell growth, adhesion, survival and differentiation through the regulation of transcription, translation, cytoskeletal rearrangements. The MAPK/ERK cascade plays a [...] (360 aa) | ||||
TNFRSF1A | Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A, membrane form; Receptor for TNFSF2/TNF-alpha and homotrimeric TNFSF1/lymphotoxin-alpha. The adapter molecule FADD recruits caspase-8 to the activated receptor. The resulting death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) performs caspase-8 proteolytic activation which initiates the subsequent cascade of caspases (aspartate-specific cysteine proteases) mediating apoptosis. Contributes to the induction of non-cytocidal TNF effects including anti-viral state and activation of the acid sphingomyelinase. (455 aa) | ||||
TRAF2 | TNF receptor-associated factor 2; Regulates activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK and plays a central role in the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis. Required for normal antibody isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Has E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity and promotes 'Lys-63'-linked ubiquitination of target proteins, such as BIRC3, RIPK1 and TICAM1. Is an essential constituent of several E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes, where it promotes the ubiquitination of target proteins by bringing them into contact with other E3 ubiquitin ligases. Regulates BIRC2 and BIRC3 protein levels [...] (501 aa) | ||||
MX1 | Interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx1, N-terminally processed; Interferon-induced dynamin-like GTPase with antiviral activity against a wide range of RNA viruses and some DNA viruses. Its target viruses include negative-stranded RNA viruses and HBV through binding and inactivation of their ribonucleocapsid. May also antagonize reoviridae and asfarviridae replication. Inhibits thogoto virus (THOV) replication by preventing the nuclear import of viral nucleocapsids. Inhibits La Crosse virus (LACV) replication by sequestering viral nucleoprotein in perinuclear complexes, preventing g [...] (662 aa) | ||||
RELA | Transcription factor p65; NF-kappa-B is a pleiotropic transcription factor present in almost all cell types and is the endpoint of a series of signal transduction events that are initiated by a vast array of stimuli related to many biological processes such as inflammation, immunity, differentiation, cell growth, tumorigenesis and apoptosis. NF-kappa-B is a homo- or heterodimeric complex formed by the Rel-like domain- containing proteins RELA/p65, RELB, NFKB1/p105, NFKB1/p50, REL and NFKB2/p52. The heterodimeric RELA-NFKB1 complex appears to be most abundant one. The dimers bind at kap [...] (551 aa) | ||||
IL6 | Interleukin-6; Cytokine with a wide variety of biological functions. It is a potent inducer of the acute phase response. Plays an essential role in the final differentiation of B-cells into Ig-secreting cells Involved in lymphocyte and monocyte differentiation. Acts on B-cells, T-cells, hepatocytes, hematopoietic progenitor cells and cells of the CNS. Required for the generation of T(H)17 cells. Also acts as a myokine. It is discharged into the bloodstream after muscle contraction and acts to increase the breakdown of fats and to improve insulin resistance. It induces myeloma and plasm [...] (212 aa) | ||||
ZNF7 | Zinc finger protein 7; May be involved in transcriptional regulation; Belongs to the krueppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family. (697 aa) | ||||
TNF | Tumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T- cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 [...] (233 aa) | ||||
TNIP3 | TNFAIP3-interacting protein 3; Binds to zinc finger protein TNFAIP3 and inhibits NF-kappa-B activation induced by tumor necrosis factor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), interleukin-1 and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Overexpression inhibits NF-kappa-B-dependent gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide at a level downstream of TRAF6 and upstream of IKBKB. NF-kappa-B inhibition is independent of TNFAIP3 binding. (376 aa) | ||||
IKBKB | Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta; Serine kinase that plays an essential role in the NF-kappa-B signaling pathway which is activated by multiple stimuli such as inflammatory cytokines, bacterial or viral products, DNA damages or other cellular stresses. Acts as part of the canonical IKK complex in the conventional pathway of NF-kappa-B activation. Phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B on 2 critical serine residues. These modifications allow polyubiquitination of the inhibitors and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In turn, free NF-kappa-B is translocated [...] (756 aa) | ||||
TRAF6 | TNF receptor-associated factor 6; E3 ubiquitin ligase that, together with UBE2N and UBE2V1, mediates the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked-polyubiquitin chains conjugated to proteins, such as IKBKG, IRAK1, AKT1 and AKT2. Also mediates ubiquitination of free/unanchored polyubiquitin chain that leads to MAP3K7 activation. Leads to the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN. May be essential for the formation of functional osteoclasts. Seems to also play a role in dendritic cells (DCs) maturation and/or activation. Represses c-Myb-mediated transactivation, in B-lymphocytes. Adapter protein that seem [...] (522 aa) | ||||
PIAS1 | E3 SUMO-protein ligase PIAS1; Functions as an E3-type small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase, stabilizing the interaction between UBE2I and the substrate, and as a SUMO-tethering factor. Plays a crucial role as a transcriptional coregulation in various cellular pathways, including the STAT pathway, the p53 pathway and the steroid hormone signaling pathway. In vitro, binds A/T-rich DNA. The effects of this transcriptional coregulation, transactivation or silencing, may vary depending upon the biological context. Sumoylates PML (at'Lys-65' and 'Lys-160') and PML-RAR and promotes the [...] (653 aa) | ||||
PECAM1 | Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions. Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes. Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions. Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutr [...] (738 aa) | ||||
CCL5 | C-C motif chemokine 5; Chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T-helper cells and eosinophils. Causes the release of histamine from basophils and activates eosinophils. May activate several chemokine receptors including CCR1, CCR3, CCR4 and CCR5. One of the major HIV-suppressive factors produced by CD8+ T-cells. Recombinant RANTES protein induces a dose-dependent inhibition of different strains of HIV-1, HIV-2, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The processed form RANTES(3-68) acts as a natural chemotaxis inhibitor and is a more potent inhibitor of HIV-1-infection. The second [...] (91 aa) | ||||
TNFAIP3 | Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3; Ubiquitin-editing enzyme that contains both ubiquitin ligase and deubiquitinase activities. Involved in immune and inflammatory responses signaled by cytokines, such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, or pathogens via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) through terminating NF-kappa-B activity. Essential component of a ubiquitin-editing protein complex, comprising also RNF11, ITCH and TAX1BP1, that ensures the transient nature of inflammatory signaling pathways. In cooperation with TAX1BP1 promotes disassembly of E2-E3 ubiquitin protein ligase complexes in [...] (790 aa) | ||||
IKBKG | NF-kappa-B essential modulator; Regulatory subunit of the IKK core complex which phosphorylates inhibitors of NF-kappa-B thus leading to the dissociation of the inhibitor/NF-kappa-B complex and ultimately the degradation of the inhibitor. Its binding to scaffolding polyubiquitin seems to play a role in IKK activation by multiple signaling receptor pathways. However, the specific type of polyubiquitin recognized upon cell stimulation (either 'Lys-63'-linked or linear polyubiquitin) and its functional importance is reported conflictingly. Also considered to be a mediator for TAX activati [...] (487 aa) | ||||
ISG15 | Ubiquitin-like protein ISG15; Ubiquitin-like protein which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection either via its conjugation to a target protein (ISGylation) or via its action as a free or unconjugated protein. ISGylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of ISG15 to a lysine residue in the target protein. Its target proteins include IFIT1, MX1/MxA, PPM1B, UBE2L6, UBA7, CHMP5, CHMP2A, CHMP4B and CHMP6. Can also isgylate: EIF2AK2/PKR which results in its activation, DDX58/RIG-I which inhib [...] (165 aa) |