STRINGSTRING
SYNGR1 SYNGR1 SNAP29 SNAP29 ATP12A ATP12A APLP1 APLP1 STX1A STX1A APOE APOE SYT1 SYT1 SNCAIP SNCAIP ATP4A ATP4A SYP SYP ATP6V0A1 ATP6V0A1 APBA1 APBA1 ERBB2 ERBB2 APP APP STX5 STX5 KCNIP3 KCNIP3 SYN1 SYN1 STX4 STX4 BACE1 BACE1 PSEN1 PSEN1 HOMER1 HOMER1 SYNJ2 SYNJ2 SYN3 SYN3 NAE1 NAE1 UTRN UTRN STX7 STX7 SNCG SNCG DLG3 DLG3 PHF1 PHF1 AP1G1 AP1G1 DBN1 DBN1 SNCB SNCB GAP43 GAP43 SYNPO SYNPO VAMP1 VAMP1 GAPDH GAPDH MPP3 MPP3 SYNJ1 SYNJ1 ERBIN ERBIN APBB1 APBB1 CTNNB1 CTNNB1 APLP2 APLP2 DLG4 DLG4 SNCA SNCA
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
SYNGR1Synaptogyrin-1; May play a role in regulated exocytosis. Modulates the localization of synaptophysin/SYP into synaptic-like microvesicles and may therefore play a role in synaptic-like microvesicle formation and/or maturation (By similarity). Involved in the regulation of short- term and long-term synaptic plasticity (By similarity). Belongs to the synaptogyrin family. (233 aa)
SNAP29Synaptosomal-associated protein 29; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. SNAP29 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane. Plays also a role in ciliogenesis by regulating membrane fusions; Belongs to the SNAP-25 family. (258 aa)
ATP12APotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 2; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. Responsible for potassium absorption in various tissues; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily. (1045 aa)
APLP1Amyloid-like protein 1; May play a role in postsynaptic function. The C-terminal gamma-secretase processed fragment, ALID1, activates transcription activation through APBB1 (Fe65) binding (By similarity). Couples to JIP signal transduction through C-terminal binding. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. Can regulate neurite outgrowth through binding to components of the extracellular matrix such as heparin and collagen I; Belongs to the APP family. (651 aa)
STX1ASyntaxin-1A; Plays an essential role in hormone and neurotransmitter calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis. Part of the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Receptor) complex composed of SNAP25, STX1A and VAMP2 which mediates the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. STX1A and SNAP25 are localized on the plasma membrane while VAMP2 resides in synaptic vesicles. The pairing of the three SNAREs from the N-terminal SNARE motifs to the C-terminal anchors leads to the formation of the SNARE complex, which brings membranes into close proximity and results in final [...] (288 aa)
APOEApolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (317 aa)
SYT1Synaptotagmin-1; Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse (By similarity). May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse (By similarity). It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)- dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-in [...] (422 aa)
SNCAIPSynphilin-1; Isoform 2 inhibits the ubiquitin ligase activity of SIAH1 and inhibits proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Isoform 2 inhibits autoubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of SIAH1, and thereby increases cellular levels of SIAH. Isoform 2 modulates SNCA monoubiquitination by SIAH1. (1016 aa)
ATP4APotassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. Responsible for acid production in the stomach. (1035 aa)
SYPSynaptophysin; Possibly involved in structural functions as organizing other membrane components or in targeting the vesicles to the plasma membrane. Involved in the regulation of short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity (By similarity); Belongs to the synaptophysin/synaptobrevin family. (313 aa)
ATP6V0A1V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a isoform 1; Required for assembly and activity of the vacuolar ATPase. Potential role in differential targeting and regulation of the enzyme for a specific organelle (By similarity). (838 aa)
APBA1Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family A member 1; Putative function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by binding to Munc18-1, an essential component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery. May modulate processing of the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) and hence formation of APP-beta. (837 aa)
ERBB2Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2; Protein tyrosine kinase that is part of several cell surface receptor complexes, but that apparently needs a coreceptor for ligand binding. Essential component of a neuregulin-receptor complex, although neuregulins do not interact with it alone. GP30 is a potential ligand for this receptor. Regulates outgrowth and stabilization of peripheral microtubules (MTs). Upon ERBB2 activation, the MEMO1-RHOA-DIAPH1 signaling pathway elicits the phosphorylation and thus the inhibition of GSK3B at cell membrane. This prevents the phosphorylation of APC and [...] (1255 aa)
APPGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis- inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits [...] (770 aa)
STX5Syntaxin-5; Mediates endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. Together with p115/USO1 and GM130/GOLGA2, involved in vesicle tethering and fusion at the cis-Golgi membrane to maintain the stacked and inter- connected structure of the Golgi apparatus. (355 aa)
KCNIP3Calsenilin; Calcium-dependent transcriptional repressor that binds to the DRE element of genes including PDYN and FOS. Affinity for DNA is reduced upon binding to calcium and enhanced by binding to magnesium. Seems to be involved in nociception (By similarity). May play a role in the regulation of PSEN2 proteolytic processing and apoptosis. Together with PSEN2 involved in modulation of amyloid-beta formation. (256 aa)
SYN1Synapsin-1; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The complex formed with NOS1 and CAPON proteins is necessary for specific nitric-oxid functions at a presynaptic level. (705 aa)
STX4Syntaxin-4; Plasma membrane t-SNARE that mediates docking of transport vesicles. Necessary for the translocation of SLC2A4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together with STXB3 and VAMP2, may also play a role in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes (By similarity). May also play a role in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (297 aa)
BACE1Beta-secretase 1; Responsible for the proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Cleaves at the N-terminus of the A-beta peptide sequence, between residues 671 and 672 of APP, leads to the generation and extracellular release of beta-cleaved soluble APP, and a corresponding cell-associated C-terminal fragment which is later released by gamma-secretase. Cleaves CHL1 (By similarity). (501 aa)
PSEN1Presenilin-1 CTF subunit; Catalytic subunit of the gamma-secretase complex, an endoprotease complex that catalyzes the intramembrane cleavage of integral membrane proteins such as Notch receptors and APP (amyloid- beta precursor protein). Requires the presence of the other members of the gamma-secretase complex for protease activity. Plays a role in Notch and Wnt signaling cascades and regulation of downstream processes via its role in processing key regulatory proteins, and by regulating cytosolic CTNNB1 levels. Stimulates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with CDH1; this stabili [...] (467 aa)
HOMER1Homer protein homolog 1; Postsynaptic density scaffolding protein. Binds and cross- links cytoplasmic regions of GRM1, GRM5, ITPR1, DNM3, RYR1, RYR2, SHANK1 and SHANK3. By physically linking GRM1 and GRM5 with ER- associated ITPR1 receptors, it aids the coupling of surface receptors to intracellular calcium release. May also couple GRM1 to PI3 kinase through its interaction with AGAP2. Isoform 1 regulates the trafficking and surface expression of GRM5. Isoform 3 acts as a natural dominant negative, in dynamic competition with constitutively expressed isoform 1 to regulate synaptic meta [...] (354 aa)
SYNJ2Synaptojanin-2; Inositol 5-phosphatase which may be involved in distinct membrane trafficking and signal transduction pathways. May mediate the inhibitory effect of Rac1 on endocytosis; Belongs to the synaptojanin family. (1496 aa)
SYN3Synapsin-3; May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. (580 aa)
NAE1NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit; Regulatory subunit of the dimeric UBA3-NAE1 E1 enzyme. E1 activates NEDD8 by first adenylating its C-terminal glycine residue with ATP, thereafter linking this residue to the side chain of the catalytic cysteine, yielding a NEDD8-UBA3 thioester and free AMP. E1 finally transfers NEDD8 to the catalytic cysteine of UBE2M. Necessary for cell cycle progression through the S-M checkpoint. Overexpression of NAE1 causes apoptosis through deregulation of NEDD8 conjugation. (537 aa)
UTRNUtrophin; May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. (3433 aa)
STX7Syntaxin-7; May be involved in protein trafficking from the plasma membrane to the early endosome (EE) as well as in homotypic fusion of endocytic organelles. Mediates the endocytic trafficking from early endosomes to late endosomes and lysosomes; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (261 aa)
SNCGGamma-synuclein; Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases (By similarity). May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway (By similarity); Belongs to the synuclein family. (127 aa)
DLG3Disks large homolog 3; Required for learning most likely through its role in synaptic plasticity following NMDA receptor signaling. (817 aa)
PHF1PHD finger protein 1; Polycomb group (PcG) that specifically binds histone H3 trimethylated at 'Lys-36' (H3K36me3) and recruits the PRC2 complex. Involved in DNA damage response and is recruited at double-strand breaks (DSBs). Acts by binding to H3K36me3, a mark for transcriptional activation, and recruiting the PRC2 complex: it is however unclear whether recruitment of the PRC2 complex to H3K36me3 leads to enhance or inhibit H3K27me3 methylation mediated by the PRC2 complex. According to some reports, PRC2 recruitment by PHF1 promotes H3K27me3 and subsequent gene silencing by inducing [...] (567 aa)
AP1G1AP-1 complex subunit gamma-1; Subunit of clathrin-associated adaptor protein complex 1 that plays a role in protein sorting in the late-Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN) and/or endosomes. The AP complexes mediate both the recruitment of clathrin to membranes and the recognition of sorting signals within the cytosolic tails of transmembrane cargo molecules. (825 aa)
DBN1Drebrin; Actin cytoskeleton-organizing protein that plays a role in the formation of cell projections. Required for actin polymerization at immunological synapses (IS) and for the recruitment of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 to IS. Plays a role in dendritic spine morphogenesis and organization, including the localization of the dopamine receptor DRD1 to the dendritic spines (By similarity). Involved in memory-related synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus (By similarity). (695 aa)
SNCBBeta-synuclein; Non-amyloid component of senile plaques found in Alzheimer disease. Could act as a regulator of SNCA aggregation process. Protects neurons from staurosporine and 6-hydroxy dopamine (6OHDA)-stimulated caspase activation in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Contributes to restore the SNCA anti-apoptotic function abolished by 6OHDA. Not found in the Lewy bodies associated with Parkinson disease; Belongs to the synuclein family. (134 aa)
GAP43Neuromodulin; This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile 'growth cones' that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction. (274 aa)
SYNPOSynaptopodin; Actin-associated protein that may play a role in modulating actin-based shape and motility of dendritic spines and renal podocyte foot processes. Seems to be essential for the formation of spine apparatuses in spines of telencephalic neurons, which is involved in synaptic plasticity (By similarity). (929 aa)
VAMP1Vesicle-associated membrane protein 1; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane; Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (118 aa)
GAPDHGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations throu [...] (335 aa)
MPP3MAGUK p55 subfamily member 3; Membrane palmitoylated protein 3; Belongs to the MAGUK family. (610 aa)
SYNJ1Synaptojanin-1; Phosphatase that acts on various phosphoinositides, including phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, phosphatidylinositol (4,5)- bisphosphate and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate. Has a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (By similarity). Hydrolyzes PIP2 bound to actin regulatory proteins resulting in the rearrangement of actin filaments downstream of tyrosine kinase and ASH/GRB2 (By similarity). Belongs to the synaptojanin family. (1612 aa)
ERBINErbin; Acts as an adapter for the receptor ERBB2, in epithelia. By binding the unphosphorylated 'Tyr-1248' of receptor ERBB2, it may contribute to stabilize this unphosphorylated state. Inhibits NOD2-dependent NF-kappa-B signaling and proinflammatory cytokine secretion ; Belongs to the LAP (LRR and PDZ) protein family. (1419 aa)
APBB1Amyloid-beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1; Transcription coregulator that can have both coactivator and corepressor functions. Adapter protein that forms a transcriptionally active complex with the gamma-secretase-derived amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain. Plays a central role in the response to DNA damage by translocating to the nucleus and inducing apoptosis. May act by specifically recognizing and binding histone H2AX phosphorylated on 'Tyr-142' (H2AXY142ph) at double-strand breaks (DSBs), recruiting other pro-apoptosis factors such as MAPK8/JNK1 [...] (710 aa)
CTNNB1Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa)
APLP2Amyloid-like protein 2; May play a role in the regulation of hemostasis. The soluble form may have inhibitory properties towards coagulation factors. May interact with cellular G-protein signaling pathways. May bind to the DNA 5'-GTCACATG-3'(CDEI box). Inhibits trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, factor XIA and plasma and glandular kallikrein. Modulates the Cu/Zn nitric oxide-catalyzed autodegradation of GPC1 heparan sulfate side chains in fibroblasts (By similarity). (763 aa)
DLG4Disks large homolog 4; Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ASIC3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B. Also regulates AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) immobilization at postsynaptic density keeping the channels in an activated stat [...] (767 aa)
SNCAAlpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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