STRINGSTRING
RIMBP3 RIMBP3 ZPBP ZPBP GAPDHS GAPDHS STX1A STX1A ACRBP ACRBP TNP1 TNP1 SPACA1 SPACA1 SNAP25 SNAP25 CATSPERB CATSPERB IFT172 IFT172 CSNK2A2 CSNK2A2 BRD4 BRD4 SLC9A1 SLC9A1 ADAM2 ADAM2 SEPTIN12 SEPTIN12 CALR3 CALR3 VPS54 VPS54 CDK16 CDK16 CAMK4 CAMK4 CATSPER3 CATSPER3 ODF1 ODF1 ACE ACE LY6K LY6K PPP1R16A PPP1R16A CCNYL1 CCNYL1 PRSS37 PRSS37 CCDC136 CCDC136 KIF27 KIF27 HSP90B1 HSP90B1 SLC9A5 SLC9A5 PCSK4 PCSK4 PDILT PDILT BRD3 BRD3 PGK2 PGK2 RFX2 RFX2 SLC9C1 SLC9C1 CATSPER1 CATSPER1 SPESP1 SPESP1 SPEM1 SPEM1 DPY19L2 DPY19L2 SPAG5 SPAG5 ENKUR ENKUR PACRG PACRG TSSK4 TSSK4 SPATA16 SPATA16 DNAJB13 DNAJB13 ENO4 ENO4 ATG7 ATG7 MORN3 MORN3 SEPTIN4 SEPTIN4 GOPC GOPC MFSD14A MFSD14A HOOK1 HOOK1 SPATA6 SPATA6 SPAG4 SPAG4 CCNY CCNY KIF3B KIF3B UBQLN1 UBQLN1 CNNM4 CNNM4 GBA2 GBA2 CATSPERD CATSPERD CATSPER2 CATSPER2 KLC3 KLC3 SLC9B2 SLC9B2 FLOT2 FLOT2 BRD2 BRD2 PPP1CB PPP1CB HOOK2 HOOK2 PPP3CC PPP3CC CCNL2 CCNL2 OAZ3 OAZ3 KIF2A KIF2A PICK1 PICK1 KIF3A KIF3A AGFG1 AGFG1 BRDT BRDT CATSPER4 CATSPER4 CLGN CLGN DNAH1 DNAH1 SLC9A8 SLC9A8 SELENOP SELENOP RANBP17 RANBP17 LDHC LDHC MYL6 MYL6 TSSK6 TSSK6 ICA1L ICA1L GALNTL5 GALNTL5 MYH14 MYH14 PPP3R2 PPP3R2
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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RIMBP3RIMS-binding protein 3A; Probable component of the manchette, a microtubule-based structure which plays a key role in sperm head morphogenesis during late stages of sperm development; Belongs to the RIMBP family. (1639 aa)
ZPBPZona pellucida-binding protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome compaction and sperm morphogenesis. Is implicated in sperm-oocyte interaction during fertilization (By similarity). (351 aa)
GAPDHSGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, testis-specific; May play an important role in regulating the switch between different pathways for energy production during spermiogenesis and in the spermatozoon. Required for sperm motility and male fertility (By similarity). (408 aa)
STX1ASyntaxin-1A; Plays an essential role in hormone and neurotransmitter calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis. Part of the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Receptor) complex composed of SNAP25, STX1A and VAMP2 which mediates the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. STX1A and SNAP25 are localized on the plasma membrane while VAMP2 resides in synaptic vesicles. The pairing of the three SNAREs from the N-terminal SNARE motifs to the C-terminal anchors leads to the formation of the SNARE complex, which brings membranes into close proximity and results in final [...] (288 aa)
ACRBPAcrosin-binding protein; May be involved in packaging and condensation of the acrosin zymogen in the acrosomal matrix via its association with proacrosin. (543 aa)
TNP1Spermatid nuclear transition protein 1; Plays a key role in the replacement of histones to protamine in the elongating spermatids of mammals. In condensing spermatids, loaded onto the nucleosomes, where it promotes the recruitment and processing of protamines, which are responsible for histone eviction. Belongs to the nuclear transition protein 1 family. (55 aa)
SPACA1Sperm acrosome membrane-associated protein 1; Plays a role in acrosome expansion and establishment of normal sperm morphology during spermatogenesis (By similarity). Important for male fertility. (294 aa)
SNAP25Synaptosomal-associated protein 25; t-SNARE involved in the molecular regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play an important role in the synaptic function of specific neuronal systems. Associates with proteins involved in vesicle docking and membrane fusion. Regulates plasma membrane recycling through its interaction with CENPF. Modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1 in pancreatic beta cells. Belongs to the SNAP-25 family. (206 aa)
CATSPERBCation channel sperm-associated protein subunit beta; Probably involved in sperm cell hyperactivation via its association with CATSPER1. Sperm cell hyperactivation is needed for sperm motility which is essential late in the preparation of sperm for fertilization. (1116 aa)
IFT172Intraflagellar transport protein 172 homolog; Required for the maintenance and formation of cilia. Plays an indirect role in hedgehog (Hh) signaling, cilia being required for all activity of the hedgehog pathway (By similarity); Belongs to the IFT172 family. (1749 aa)
CSNK2A2Casein kinase II subunit alpha; Catalytic subunit of a constitutively active serine/threonine-protein kinase complex that phosphorylates a large number of substrates containing acidic residues C-terminal to the phosphorylated serine or threonine. Regulates numerous cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, apoptosis and transcription, as well as viral infection. May act as a regulatory node which integrates and coordinates numerous signals leading to an appropriate cellular response. During mitosis, functions as a component of the p53/TP53-dependent spindle assembly checkpoin [...] (350 aa)
BRD4Bromodomain-containing protein 4; Chromatin reader protein that recognizes and binds acetylated histones and plays a key role in transmission of epigenetic memory across cell divisions and transcription regulation. Remains associated with acetylated chromatin throughout the entire cell cycle and provides epigenetic memory for postmitotic G1 gene transcription by preserving acetylated chromatin status and maintaining high-order chromatin structure. During interphase, plays a key role in regulating the transcription of signal- inducible genes by associating with the P-TEFb complex and re [...] (1362 aa)
SLC9A1Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1; Involved in pH regulation to eliminate acids generated by active metabolism or to counter adverse environmental conditions. Major proton extruding system driven by the inward sodium ion chemical gradient. Plays an important role in signal transduction. (815 aa)
ADAM2Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 2; Sperm surface membrane protein that may be involved in sperm- egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization. Could have a direct role in sperm-zona binding or migration of sperm from the uterus into the oviduct. Interactions with egg membrane could be mediated via binding between its disintegrin-like domain to one or more integrins receptors on the egg. This is a non catalytic metalloprotease-like protein. (735 aa)
SEPTIN12Septin-12; Filament-forming cytoskeletal GTPase (By similarity). Involved in spermatogenesis. Involved in the morphogenesis of sperm heads and the elongation of sperm tails probably implicating the association with alpha- and beta-tubulins. Forms a filamentous structure with SEPTIN7, SEPTIN6, SEPTIN2 and probably SEPTIN4 at the sperm annulus which is required for the structural integrity and motility of the sperm tail during postmeiotic differentiation. May play a role in cytokinesis (Potential); Belongs to the TRAFAC class TrmE-Era-EngA-EngB-Septin-like GTPase superfamily. Septin GTPa [...] (358 aa)
CALR3Calreticulin-3; During spermatogenesis, may act as a lectin-independent chaperone for specific client proteins such as ADAM3. Required for sperm fertility (By similarity). CALR3 capacity for calcium-binding may be absent or much lower than that of CALR. (384 aa)
VPS54Vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 54; Acts as component of the GARP complex that is involved in retrograde transport from early and late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). The GARP complex is required for the maintenance of the cycling of mannose 6-phosphate receptors between the TGN and endosomes, this cycling is necessary for proper lysosomal sorting of acid hydrolases such as CTSD. Within the GARP complex, required to tether the complex to the TGN. Not involved in endocytic recycling ; Belongs to the VPS54 family. (977 aa)
CDK16Cyclin-dependent kinase 16; Protein kinase that plays a role in vesicle-mediated transport processes and exocytosis. Regulates GH1 release by brain neurons. Phosphorylates NSF, and thereby regulates NSF oligomerization. Required for normal spermatogenesis. Regulates neuron differentiation and dendrite development (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in response to changes in blood glucose levels. Can phosphorylate CCNY at 'Ser-336' (in vitro). (570 aa)
CAMK4Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV; Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that operates in the calcium-triggered CaMKK-CaMK4 signaling cascade and regulates, mainly by phosphorylation, the activity of several transcription activators, such as CREB1, MEF2D, JUN and RORA, which play pivotal roles in immune response, inflammation, and memory consolidation. In the thymus, regulates the CD4(+)/CD8(+) double positive thymocytes selection threshold during T-cell ontogeny. In CD4 memory T-cells, is required to link T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling to the productio [...] (473 aa)
CATSPER3Cation channel sperm-associated protein 3; Voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte. (398 aa)
ODF1Outer dense fiber protein 1; Component of the outer dense fibers (ODF) of spermatozoa. ODF are filamentous structures located on the outside of the axoneme in the midpiece and principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail and may help to maintain the passive elastic structures and elastic recoil of the sperm tail. (250 aa)
ACEAngiotensin-converting enzyme, soluble form; Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI- anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety; Belongs to the peptidase M2 family. (1306 aa)
LY6KLymphocyte antigen 6K; Required for sperm migration into the oviduct and male fertility by controlling binding of sperm to zona pellucida (By similarity). May play a role in cell growth. (165 aa)
PPP1R16AProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 16A; Inhibits protein phosphatase 1 activity toward phosphorylase, myosin light chain and myosin substrates. (528 aa)
CCNYL1Cyclin-Y-like protein 1; Cyclin Y like 1; Belongs to the cyclin family. Cyclin Y subfamily. (359 aa)
PRSS37Probable inactive serine protease 37; Plays a role in male fertility (By similarity). May have a role in sperm migration or binding to zona-intact eggs (By similarity). Involved in the activation of the proacrosin/acrosin system ; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (235 aa)
CCDC136Coiled-coil domain-containing protein 136; May play a role in acrosome formation in spermatogenesis and in fertilization. (1154 aa)
KIF27Kinesin-like protein KIF27; Plays an essential role in motile ciliogenesis. (1401 aa)
HSP90B1Endoplasmin; Molecular chaperone that functions in the processing and transport of secreted proteins (By similarity). When associated with CNPY3, required for proper folding of Toll-like receptors (By similarity). Functions in endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD). Has ATPase activity (By similarity). Belongs to the heat shock protein 90 family. (803 aa)
SLC9A5Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 5; Involved in pH regulation to eliminate acids generated by active metabolism or to counter adverse environmental conditions. Major proton extruding system driven by the inward sodium ion chemical gradient. Plays an important role in signal transduction (By similarity). (896 aa)
PCSK4Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4; Proprotein convertase involved in the processing of hormone and other protein precursors at sites comprised of pairs of basic amino acid residues (By similarity). In males, important for ADAM2 processing as well as other acrosomal proteins with roles in fertilization and critical for normal fertilization events such as sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction and binding of sperm to zona pellucida (By similarity). Plays also a role in female fertility, involved in the regulation of trophoblast migration and placental development, may be throu [...] (755 aa)
PDILTProtein disulfide-isomerase-like protein of the testis; Probable redox-inactive chaperone involved in spermatogenesis; Belongs to the protein disulfide isomerase family. (584 aa)
BRD3Bromodomain-containing protein 3; Chromatin reader that recognizes and binds hyperacetylated chromatin and plays a role in the regulation of transcription, probably by chromatin remodeling and interaction with transcription factors. Regulates transcription by promoting the binding of the transcription factor GATA1 to its targets (By similarity). (726 aa)
PGK2Phosphoglycerate kinase 2; Essential for sperm motility and male fertility. Not required for the completion of spermatogenesis (By similarity); Belongs to the phosphoglycerate kinase family. (417 aa)
RFX2DNA-binding protein RFX2; Transcription factor that acts as a key regulator of spermatogenesis. Acts by regulating expression of genes required for the haploid phase during spermiogenesis, such as genes required for cilium assembly and function (By similarity). Recognizes and binds the X-box, a regulatory motif with DNA sequence 5'-GTNRCC(0-3N)RGYAAC-3' present on promoters. Probably activates transcription of the testis-specific histone gene HIST1H1T (By similarity). (723 aa)
SLC9C1Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 10; Sperm-specific sodium/hydrogen exchanger involved in intracellular pH regulation of spermatozoa. Required for sperm motility and fertility. Involved in sperm cell hyperactivation, a step needed for sperm motility which is essential late in the preparation of sperm for fertilization. Required for the expression and bicarbonate regulation of the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) (By similarity). (1177 aa)
CATSPER1Cation channel sperm-associated protein 1; Voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte. (780 aa)
SPESP1Sperm equatorial segment protein 1; Involved in fertilization ability of sperm. Belongs to the SPESP1 family. (350 aa)
SPEM1Spermatid maturation protein 1; Required for proper cytoplasm removal during spermatogenesis. (309 aa)
DPY19L2Probable C-mannosyltransferase DPY19L2; Probable C-mannosyltransferase that mediates C-mannosylation of tryptophan residues on target proteins (By similarity). Required during spermatogenesis for sperm head elongation and acrosome formation; Belongs to the dpy-19 family. (758 aa)
SPAG5Sperm-associated antigen 5; Essential component of the mitotic spindle required for normal chromosome segregation and progression into anaphase. Required for chromosome alignment, normal timing of sister chromatid segregation, and maintenance of spindle pole architecture. In complex with SKAP, promotes stable microtubule- kinetochore attachments. May contribute to the regulation of separase activity. May regulate AURKA localization to mitotic spindle, but not to centrosomes and CCNB1 localization to both mitotic spindle and centrosomes. Involved in centriole duplication. Required for C [...] (1193 aa)
ENKUREnkurin; Adapter that functions to localize a calcium-sensitive signal transduction machinery in sperm to a calcium-permeable ion channel. (256 aa)
PACRGParkin coregulated gene protein; Suppresses cell death induced by accumulation of unfolded Pael receptor (Pael-R, a substrate of Parkin). Facilitates the formation of inclusions consisting of Pael-R, molecular chaperones, protein degradation molecules and itself when proteasome is inhibited. May play an important role in the formation of Lewy bodies and protection of dopaminergic neurons against Parkinson disease. (296 aa)
TSSK4Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 4; Serine/threonine kinase which is involved in male germ cell development and in mature sperm function (By similarity). May be involved in the Cre/Creb signaling pathway (By similarity). Phosphorylates CREB1 on 'Ser-133' in vitro and can stimulate Cre/Creb pathway in cells. Phosphorylates CREM on 'Ser-116' in vitro (By similarity). Phosphorylates ODF2 on 'Ser-95' (By similarity). Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (338 aa)
SPATA16Spermatogenesis-associated protein 16; Involved in the formation of sperm acrosome, which implicated its potential role in spermatogenesis and sperm-egg fusion. (569 aa)
DNAJB13DnaJ homolog subfamily B member 13; Plays a role in the formation of the central complex of ciliary and flagellar axonemes. (316 aa)
ENO4Enolase 4; May be required for sperm motility and function. (625 aa)
ATG7Ubiquitin-like modifier-activating enzyme ATG7; E1-like activating enzyme involved in the 2 ubiquitin-like systems required for cytoplasm to vacuole transport (Cvt) and autophagy. Activates ATG12 for its conjugation with ATG5 as well as the ATG8 family proteins for their conjugation with phosphatidylethanolamine. Both systems are needed for the ATG8 association to Cvt vesicles and autophagosomes membranes. Required for autophagic death induced by caspase-8 inhibition. Required for mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria [...] (703 aa)
MORN3MORN repeat containing 3. (240 aa)
SEPTIN4Uncharacterized protein C17orf47; Septin 4. (570 aa)
GOPCGolgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein; Plays a role in intracellular protein trafficking and degradation. May regulate CFTR chloride currents and acid-induced ASIC3 currents by modulating cell surface expression of both channels. May also regulate the intracellular trafficking of the ADR1B receptor. May play a role in autophagy. Overexpression results in CFTR intracellular retention and degradation in the lysosomes. (462 aa)
MFSD14AHippocampus abundant transcript 1 protein; Major facilitator superfamily domain containing 14A. (490 aa)
HOOK1Protein Hook homolog 1; Required for spermatid differentiation. Probably involved in the positioning of the microtubules of the manchette and the flagellum in relation to the membrane skeleton (By similarity). Component of the FTS/Hook/FHIP complex (FHF complex). The FHF complex may function to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion via the homotypic vesicular protein sorting complex (the HOPS complex). (728 aa)
SPATA6Spermatogenesis-associated protein 6; Required for formation of the sperm connecting piece during spermiogenesis. Sperm connecting piece is essential for linking the developing flagellum to the head during late spermiogenesis. May be involved in myosin-based microfilament transport through interaction with myosin subunits; Belongs to the SPATA6 family. (488 aa)
SPAG4Sperm-associated antigen 4 protein; Involved in spermatogenesis. Required for sperm head formation but not required to establish and maintain general polarity of the sperm head. Required for anchoring and organization of the manchette. Required for targeting of SUN3 and probably SYNE1 through a probable SUN1:SYNE3 LINC complex to the nuclear envelope and involved in accurate posterior sperm head localization of the complex. May anchor SUN3 the nuclear envelope. Involved in maintenance of the nuclear envelope integrity. May assist the organization and assembly of outer dense fibers (ODF [...] (437 aa)
CCNYCyclin-Y; Positive regulatory subunit of the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK14/PFTK1 and CDK16. Acts as a cell-cycle regulator of Wnt signaling pathway during G2/M phase by recruiting CDK14/PFTK1 to the plasma membrane and promoting phosphorylation of LRP6, leading to the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. Recruits CDK16 to the plasma membrane. Isoform 3 might play a role in the activation of MYC-mediated transcription. (341 aa)
KIF3BKinesin-like protein KIF3B, N-terminally processed; Involved in tethering the chromosomes to the spindle pole and in chromosome movement. Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. Plus end-directed microtubule sliding activity in vitro (By similarity). (747 aa)
UBQLN1Ubiquilin-1; Plays an important role in the regulation of different protein degradation mechanisms and pathways including ubiquitin- proteasome system (UPS), autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. Mediates the proteasomal targeting of misfolded or accumulated proteins for degradation by binding (via UBA domain) to their polyubiquitin chains and by interacting (via ubiquitin-like domain) with the subunits of the proteasome. Plays a role in the ERAD pathway via its interaction with ER-localized proteins UBXN4, VCP and HERPUD1 and may form a lin [...] (589 aa)
CNNM4Metal transporter CNNM4; Probable metal transporter. The interaction with the metal ion chaperone COX11 suggests that it may play a role in sensory neuron functions (By similarity). May play a role in biomineralization and retinal function. (775 aa)
GBA2Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase; Non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosylceramide (GlcCer) to free glucose and ceramide. Glucosylceramides are membrane glycosphingolipids that have a wide intracellular distribution (By similarity). They are the main precursors of more complex glycosphingolipids that play a role in cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion, signaling, cytoskeletal dynamics and membrane properties (By similarity). Also involved in the transglucosylation of cholesterol, transferring glucose from glucosylceramides, thereby modifying its [...] (927 aa)
CATSPERDCation channel sperm-associated protein subunit delta; Auxiliary component of the CatSper complex, a complex involved in sperm cell hyperactivation. Sperm cell hyperactivation is needed for sperm motility which is essential late in the preparation of sperm for fertilization. Required for CATSPER1 stability before intraflagellar transport and/or incorporation of the CatSper complex channel into the flagellar membrane. (798 aa)
CATSPER2Cation channel sperm-associated protein 2; Voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte; Belongs to the cation channel sperm-associated (TC 1.A.1.19) family. (534 aa)
KLC3Kinesin light chain 3; Kinesin is a microtubule-associated force-producing protein that may play a role in organelle transport; Belongs to the kinesin light chain family. (504 aa)
SLC9B2Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 9B2; Na(+)/H(+) antiporter that extrudes Na(+) or Li(+) in exchange for external protons across the membrane. Contributes to the regulation of intracellular pH, sodium homeostasis, and cell volume. Plays an important role for insulin secretion and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in beta-cells (By similarity). Involved in sperm motility and fertility (By similarity). It is controversial whether SLC9B2 plays a role in osteoclast differentiation or not (By similarity). (537 aa)
FLOT2Flotillin-2; May act as a scaffolding protein within caveolar membranes, functionally participating in formation of caveolae or caveolae-like vesicles. May be involved in epidermal cell adhesion and epidermal structure and function; Belongs to the band 7/mec-2 family. Flotillin subfamily. (428 aa)
BRD2Bromodomain-containing protein 2; May play a role in spermatogenesis or folliculogenesis (By similarity). Binds hyperacetylated chromatin and plays a role in the regulation of transcription, probably by chromatin remodeling. Regulates transcription of the CCND1 gene. Plays a role in nucleosome assembly. (836 aa)
PPP1CBSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit; Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase (PP1) is essential for cell division, it participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progressi [...] (327 aa)
HOOK2Protein Hook homolog 2; Component of the FTS/Hook/FHIP complex (FHF complex). The FHF complex may function to promote vesicle trafficking and/or fusion via the homotypic vesicular protein sorting complex (the HOPS complex). Contributes to the establishment and maintenance of centrosome function. May function in the positioning or formation of aggresomes, which are pericentriolar accumulations of misfolded proteins, proteasomes and chaperones. (719 aa)
PPP3CCSerine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform; Calcium-dependent, calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase which plays an essential role in the transduction of intracellular Ca(2+)-mediated signals. Dephosphorylates and activates transcription factor NFATC1. Dephosphorylates and inactivates transcription factor ELK1. Dephosphorylates DARPP32; Belongs to the PPP phosphatase family. PP-2B subfamily. (521 aa)
CCNL2Cyclin-L2; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing. May induce cell death, possibly by acting on the transcription and RNA processing of apoptosis-related factors. (520 aa)
OAZ3Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 3; Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) antizyme protein that negatively regulates ODC activity and intracellular polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in response to increased intracellular polyamine levels. Binds to ODC monomers, inhibiting the assembly of the functional ODC homodimers. Does not target the ODC monomers for degradation, which allows a protein synthesis-independent restoration of ODC activity. Stabilizes AZIN2 by interfering with its ubiquitination. Involved in the translocation of AZNI2 from ER- Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the cytos [...] (235 aa)
KIF2AKinesin-like protein KIF2A; Plus end-directed microtubule-dependent motor required for normal brain development. May regulate microtubule dynamics during axonal growth. Required for normal progression through mitosis. Required for normal congress of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. Required for normal spindle dynamics during mitosis. Promotes spindle turnover. Implicated in formation of bipolar mitotic spindles. Has microtubule depolymerization activity. (744 aa)
PICK1PRKCA-binding protein; Probable adapter protein that bind to and organize the subcellular localization of a variety of membrane proteins containing some PDZ recognition sequence. Involved in the clustering of various receptors, possibly by acting at the receptor internalization level. Plays a role in synaptic plasticity by regulating the trafficking and internalization of AMPA receptors. May be regulated upon PRKCA activation. May regulate ASIC1/ASIC3 channel. Regulates actin polymerization by inhibiting the actin-nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex; the function is competetive w [...] (415 aa)
KIF3AKinesin-like protein KIF3A; Microtubule-based anterograde translocator for membranous organelles. Plus end-directed microtubule sliding activity in vitro. Plays a role in primary cilia formation. Plays a role in centriole cohesion and subdistal appendage organization and function. Regulates the formation of the subdistal appendage via recruitment of DCTN1 to the centriole. Also required for ciliary basal feet formation and microtubule anchoring to mother centriole. Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. Kinesin II subfamily. (726 aa)
AGFG1Arf-GAP domain and FG repeat-containing protein 1; Required for vesicle docking or fusion during acrosome biogenesis (By similarity). May play a role in RNA trafficking or localization. In case of infection by HIV-1, acts as a cofactor for viral Rev and promotes movement of Rev-responsive element-containing RNAs from the nuclear periphery to the cytoplasm. This step is essential for HIV-1 replication. (584 aa)
BRDTBromodomain testis-specific protein; Testis-specific chromatin protein that specifically binds histone H4 acetylated at 'Lys-5' and 'Lys-8' (H4K5ac and H4K8ac, respectively) and plays a key role in spermatogenesis. Required in late pachytene spermatocytes: plays a role in meiotic and post-meiotic cells by binding to acetylated histones at the promoter of specific meiotic and post-meiotic genes, facilitating their activation at the appropriate time. In the post-meiotic phase of spermatogenesis, binds to hyperacetylated histones and participates in their general removal from DNA. Also re [...] (951 aa)
CATSPER4Cation channel sperm-associated protein 4; Voltage-gated calcium channel that plays a central role in calcium-dependent physiological responses essential for successful fertilization, such as sperm hyperactivation, acrosome reaction and chemotaxis towards the oocyte; Belongs to the cation channel sperm-associated (TC 1.A.1.19) family. (472 aa)
CLGNCalmegin; Functions during spermatogenesis as a chaperone for a range of client proteins that are important for sperm adhesion onto the egg zona pellucida and for subsequent penetration of the zona pellucida. Required for normal sperm migration from the uterus into the oviduct. Required for normal male fertility. Binds calcium ions (By similarity). (610 aa)
DNAH1Dynein heavy chain 1, axonemal; Force generating protein of cilia required for sperm flagellum motility. Produces force towards the minus ends of microtubules. Dynein has ATPase activity; the force-producing power stroke is thought to occur on release of ADP. Required in spermatozoa for the formation of the inner dynein arms and biogenesis of the axoneme ; Belongs to the dynein heavy chain family. (4265 aa)
SLC9A8Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 8; Involved in pH regulation to eliminate acids generated by active metabolism or to counter adverse environmental conditions. Major proton extruding system driven by the inward sodium ion chemical gradient. Plays an important role in signal transduction. Belongs to the monovalent cation:proton antiporter 1 (CPA1) transporter (TC 2.A.36) family. (597 aa)
SELENOPSelenoprotein P; Might be responsible for some of the extracellular antioxidant defense properties of selenium or might be involved in the transport of selenium. May supply selenium to tissues such as brain and testis. (381 aa)
RANBP17Ran-binding protein 17; May function as a nuclear transport receptor. (1088 aa)
LDHCL-lactate dehydrogenase C chain; Possible role in sperm motility. (332 aa)
MYL6Myosin light polypeptide 6; Regulatory light chain of myosin. Does not bind calcium. (151 aa)
TSSK6Testis-specific serine/threonine-protein kinase 6; Required for sperm production and function. Plays a role in DNA condensation during postmeiotic chromatin remodeling (By similarity). (273 aa)
ICA1LIslet cell autoantigen 1 like. (482 aa)
GALNTL5Inactive polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase-like protein 5; Probable inactive glycosyltransferase required during spermatid development. May participate in protein loading into the acrosomes and accumulation of ubiquitin-proteasome systems around the head-tail coupling apparatus region. (443 aa)
MYH14Myosin-14; Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping. (2036 aa)
PPP3R2Calcineurin subunit B type 2; Regulatory subunit of calcineurin, a calcium-dependent, calmodulin stimulated protein phosphatase. Confers calcium sensitivity. (173 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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