Your Input: | |
| | SCN11A | Sodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel isoform. Also involved, with the contribution of the receptor tyrosine kinase NTRK2, in rapid BDNF-evoked neuronal depolarization. (1791 aa) |
| | CFTR | Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator; Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis. Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane. Channel activity is coupled to ATP hydrolysis. The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration. Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters. Plays an important role in airway fluid homeostasis. Contributes to the regulation of the pH [...] (1480 aa) |
| | SLC7A2 | Cationic amino acid transporter 2; Functions as permease involved in the transport of the cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine and ornithine); the affinity for its substrates differs between isoforms created by alternative splicing. Isoform 1 functions as permease that mediates the transport of the cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine and ornithine), and it has much higher affinity for arginine than isoform 2. Isoform 2 functions as low-affinity, high capacity permease involved in the transport of the cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine and ornithine). May play a role in classic [...] (698 aa) |
| | SYT13 | Synaptotagmin-13; May be involved in transport vesicle docking to the plasma membrane; Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (426 aa) |
| | VAMP3 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 3; SNARE involved in vesicular transport from the late endosomes to the trans-Golgi network. (100 aa) |
| | GNA11 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Acts as an activator of phospholipase C. (359 aa) |
| | KCNQ1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1; Potassium channel that plays an important role in a number of tissues, including heart, inner ear, stomach and colon (By similarity). Associates with KCNE beta subunits that modulates current kinetics (By similarity). Induces a voltage-dependent by rapidly activating and slowly deactivating potassium-selective outward current (By similarity). Promotes also a delayed voltage activated potassium current showing outward rectification characteristic (By similarity). During beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation participates in cardiac r [...] (676 aa) |
| | TRPM5 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5; Voltage-modulated Ca(2+)-activated, monovalent cation channel (VCAM) that mediates a transient membrane depolarization and plays a central role in taste transduction. Monovalent-specific, non-selective cation channel that mediates the transport of Na(+), K(+) and Cs(+) ions equally well. Activated directly by increases in intracellular Ca(2+), but is impermeable to it. Gating is voltage-dependent and displays rapid activation and deactivation kinetics upon channel stimulation even during sustained elevations in Ca(2+). A [...] (1165 aa) |
| | ANO8 | Anoctamin-8; Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. (1232 aa) |
| | UNC13D | Protein unc-13 homolog D; Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. Regulates assembly of recycling and late endosomal structures, leading to the formation of an endosomal exocytic compartment that fuses with perforin-containing granules at the immunologic synapse and licences them for exocytosis. Regulates Ca(2+)- dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells. (1090 aa) |
| | KCND1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 1; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I(To) current in heart and I(Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by interactions with other alpha subunits and with regulatory subunits; Belongs to the potassium channel family. D (Shal) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv4.1/KCND1 sub-subfamily. (647 aa) |
| | ATP12A | Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 2; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. Responsible for potassium absorption in various tissues; Belongs to the cation transport ATPase (P-type) (TC 3.A.3) family. Type IIC subfamily. (1045 aa) |
| | STX1A | Syntaxin-1A; Plays an essential role in hormone and neurotransmitter calcium-dependent exocytosis and endocytosis. Part of the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment Receptor) complex composed of SNAP25, STX1A and VAMP2 which mediates the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. STX1A and SNAP25 are localized on the plasma membrane while VAMP2 resides in synaptic vesicles. The pairing of the three SNAREs from the N-terminal SNARE motifs to the C-terminal anchors leads to the formation of the SNARE complex, which brings membranes into close proximity and results in final [...] (288 aa) |
| | WASL | Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; Regulates actin polymerization by stimulating the actin- nucleating activity of the Arp2/3 complex. Involved in various processes, such as mitosis and cytokinesis, via its role in the regulation of actin polymerization. Together with CDC42, involved in the extension and maintenance of the formation of thin, actin-rich surface projections called filopodia. In addition to its role in the cytoplasm, also plays a role in the nucleus by regulating gene transcription, probably by promoting nuclear actin polymerization. Binds to HSF1/HSTF1 and forms a [...] (505 aa) |
| | GCK | Hexokinase-4; Catalyzes the phosphorylation of hexose, such as D-glucose, D-fructose and D-mannose, to hexose 6-phosphate (D-glucose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 6-phosphate and D-mannose 6-phosphate, respectively). Compared to other hexokinases, has a weak affinity for D-glucose, and is effective only when glucose is abundant (By similarity). Mainly expressed in pancreatic beta cells and the liver and constitutes a rate-limiting step in glucose metabolism in these tissues. Since insulin secretion parallels glucose metabolism and the low glucose affinity of GCK ensures that it can change it [...] (466 aa) |
| | KCNJ13 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 13; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. KCNJ13 has a very low single channel conductance, low sensitivity to block by external barium and cesium, and no dependen [...] (360 aa) |
| | SLC1A4 | Neutral amino acid transporter A; Transporter for alanine, serine, cysteine, and threonine. Exhibits sodium dependence. (532 aa) |
| | VAMP4 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4; Involved in the pathway that functions to remove an inhibitor (probably synaptotagmin-4) of calcium-triggered exocytosis during the maturation of secretory granules. May be a marker for this sorting pathway that is critical for remodeling the secretory response of granule. (141 aa) |
| | SLC8A2 | Sodium/calcium exchanger 2; Mediates the electrogenic exchange of Ca(2+) against Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis in excitable cells. Contributes to the rapid decrease of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels back to baseline after neuronal activation, and thereby contributes to modulate synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Plays a role in regulating urinary Ca(2+) and Na(+) excretion. Belongs to the Ca(2+):cation antiporter (CaCA) (TC [...] (921 aa) |
| | IAPP | Islet amyloid polypeptide; Selectively inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose utilization and glycogen deposition in muscle, while not affecting adipocyte glucose metabolism; Belongs to the calcitonin family. (89 aa) |
| | GHSR | Growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1; Receptor for ghrelin, coupled to G-alpha-11 proteins. Stimulates growth hormone secretion. Binds also other growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRP) (e.g. Met-enkephalin and GHRP-6) as well as non-peptide, low molecular weight secretagogues (e.g. L-692,429, MK- 0677, adenosine). (366 aa) |
| | KCNJ2 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 2; Probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be bl [...] (427 aa) |
| | SOX4 | Transcription factor SOX-4; Transcriptional activator that binds with high affinity to the T-cell enhancer motif 5'-AACAAAG-3' motif. (474 aa) |
| | FFAR1 | Free fatty acid receptor 1; G-protein coupled receptor for medium and long chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids that plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Fatty acid binding increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and may also enhance the secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). May also play a role in bone homeostasis; receptor signaling activates pathways that inhibit osteoclast differentiation (By similarity). Ligand binding leads to a conformation change that triggers signaling via G-proteins that activate phospholipase C, leading to an increase of the [...] (300 aa) |
| | MCHR1 | Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1; Receptor for melanin-concentrating hormone, coupled to both G proteins that inhibit adenylyl cyclase and G proteins that activate phosphoinositide hydrolysis; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (422 aa) |
| | GALR3 | Galanin receptor type 3; Receptor for the hormone galanin. Receptor for the hormone spexin-1. (368 aa) |
| | SNAP23 | Synaptosomal-associated protein 23; Essential component of the high affinity receptor for the general membrane fusion machinery and an important regulator of transport vesicle docking and fusion; Belongs to the SNAP-25 family. (211 aa) |
| | NALCN | Sodium leak channel non-selective protein; Voltage-independent, cation-nonselective channel which is permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium ions. Regulates the resting membrane potential and controls neuronal excitability. Neuropeptides such as neurotensin and substance P (SP) stimulate the firing of action potentials by activating NALCN through a SRC family kinases-dependent pathway. In addition to its baseline activity, NALCN activity is enhanced/modulated by several GPCRs. Required for normal respiratory rhythm and neonatal survival. Involved in systemic osmoregulation by contro [...] (1738 aa) |
| | TRPM4 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4; Calcium-activated non selective (CAN) cation channel that mediates membrane depolarization. While it is activated by increase in intracellular Ca(2+), it is impermeable to it. Mediates transport of monovalent cations (Na(+) > K(+) > Cs(+) > Li(+)), leading to depolarize the membrane. It thereby plays a central role in cadiomyocytes, neurons from entorhinal cortex, dorsal root and vomeronasal neurons, endocrine pancreas cells, kidney epithelial cells, cochlea hair cells etc. Participates in T-cell activation by modulating [...] (1214 aa) |
| | SLC6A11 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3; Terminates the action of GABA by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals; Belongs to the sodium:neurotransmitter symporter (SNF) (TC 2.A.22) family. SLC6A11 subfamily. (632 aa) |
| | CHRM3 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is Pi turnover. (590 aa) |
| | SLC38A2 | Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2; Functions as a sodium-dependent amino acid transporter. Mediates the saturable, pH-sensitive and electrogenic cotransport of neutral amino acids and sodium ions with a stoichiometry of 1:1. May function in the transport of amino acids at the blood-brain barrier and in the supply of maternal nutrients to the fetus through the placenta. (506 aa) |
| | GRP | Gastrin-releasing peptide; Stimulates the release of gastrin and other gastrointestinal hormones (By similarity). Contributes to the perception of prurient stimuli and to the transmission of itch signals in the spinal cord that promote scratching behavior. Contributes primarily to nonhistaminergic itch sensation. Contributes to long-term fear memory, but not normal spatial memory. Contributes to the regulation of food intake (By similarity). (148 aa) |
| | RAB11FIP5 | Rab11 family-interacting protein 5; Rab effector involved in protein trafficking from apical recycling endosomes to the apical plasma membrane. Involved in insulin granule exocytosis. May regulate V-ATPase intracellular transport in response to extracellular acidosis. (653 aa) |
| | LRRC8A | Volume-regulated anion channel subunit LRRC8A; Essential component of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC, also named VSOAC channel), an anion channel required to maintain a constant cell volume in response to extracellular or intracellular osmotic changes. The VRAC channel conducts iodide better than chloride and can also conduct organic osmolytes like taurine. Mediates efflux of amino acids, such as aspartate and glutamate, in response to osmotic stress. LRRC8A and LRRC8D are required for the uptake of the drug cisplatin. Required for in vivo channel activity, together with at l [...] (810 aa) |
| | GABBR2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 2; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivates voltage-depend [...] (941 aa) |
| | UNC13C | Protein unc-13 homolog C; May play a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. May be involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission at parallel fiber - Purkinje cell synapses (By similarity). (2214 aa) |
| | SYT1 | Synaptotagmin-1; Calcium sensor that participates in triggering neurotransmitter release at the synapse (By similarity). May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse (By similarity). It binds acidic phospholipids with a specificity that requires the presence of both an acidic head group and a diacyl backbone. A Ca(2+)- dependent interaction between synaptotagmin and putative receptors for activated protein kinase C has also been reported. It can bind to at least three additional proteins in a Ca(2+)-in [...] (422 aa) |
| | CLCN3 | H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3; Mediates the exchange of chloride ions against protons. Functions as antiporter and contributes to the acidification of the endosome and synaptic vesicle lumen, and may thereby affect vesicle trafficking and exocytosis. May play an important role in neuronal cell function through regulation of membrane excitability by protein kinase C. It could help neuronal cells to establish short-term memory. (866 aa) |
| | SLC7A5 | Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 1; The heterodimer with SLC3A2 functions as sodium-independent, high-affinity transporter that mediates uptake of large neutral amino acids such as phenylalanine, tyrosine, L-DOPA, leucine, histidine, methionine and tryptophan. Functions as an amino acid exchanger. May play a role in the transport of L-DOPA across the blood-brain barrier (By similarity). May act as the major transporter of tyrosine in fibroblasts (Probable). May mediate blood-to-retina L-leucine transport across the inner blood-retinal barrier (By similarity). Can med [...] (507 aa) |
| | RIMBP2 | RIMS-binding protein 2; Plays a role in the synaptic transmission as bifunctional linker that interacts simultaneously with RIMS1, RIMS2, CACNA1D and CACNA1B. (1052 aa) |
| | RAB11A | Ras-related protein Rab-11A; The small GTPases Rab are key regulators of intracellular membrane trafficking, from the formation of transport vesicles to their fusion with membranes. Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound form and an active GTP-bound form that is able to recruit to membranes different set of downstream effectors directly responsible for vesicle formation, movement, tethering and fusion. The small Rab GTPase RAB11A regulates endocytic recycling. Acts as a major regulator of membrane delivery during cytokinesis. Together with MYO5B and RAB8A participates in epithelial c [...] (216 aa) |
| | KCNH2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 2; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). [Isoform B-USO]: Has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics by forming heterotetramers with other isoforms which are retained intracellularly and undergo ubiquitin- dependent degradation. (1159 aa) |
| | SLC1A1 | Excitatory amino acid transporter 3; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Can also transport L-cysteine. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport. Plays an important role in L-glutamate and L-aspartate reabsorptio [...] (524 aa) |
| | SLC12A2 | Solute carrier family 12 member 2; Electrically silent transporter system. Mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption. Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume; Belongs to the SLC12A transporter family. (1212 aa) |
| | ATP4A | Potassium-transporting ATPase alpha chain 1; Catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of H(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. Responsible for acid production in the stomach. (1035 aa) |
| | SLC17A6 | Vesicular glutamate transporter 2; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily. (582 aa) |
| | P2RX3 | P2X purinoceptor 3; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated cation channel. Plays a role in sensory perception. Required for normal perception of pain. Required for normal taste perception (By similarity). (397 aa) |
| | IL1B | Interleukin-1 beta; Potent proinflammatory cytokine. Initially discovered as the major endogenous pyrogen, induces prostaglandin synthesis, neutrophil influx and activation, T-cell activation and cytokine production, B- cell activation and antibody production, and fibroblast proliferation and collagen production. Promotes Th17 differentiation of T-cells. Synergizes with IL12/interleukin-12 to induce IFNG synthesis from T- helper 1 (Th1) cells. (269 aa) |
| | VAMP8 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 8; SNAREs, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptors, are essential proteins for fusion of cellular membranes. SNAREs localized on opposing membranes assemble to form a trans-SNARE complex, an extended, parallel four alpha-helical bundle that drives membrane fusion. VAMP8 is a SNARE involved in autophagy through the direct control of autophagosome membrane fusion with the lysososome membrane via its interaction with the STX17-SNAP29 binary t- SNARE complex. Also required for dense-granule secretion in platelets. Plays als [...] (100 aa) |
| | GLRB | Glycine receptor subunit beta; Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. GLRB does not form ligand-gated ion channels by itself, but is part of heteromeric ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Heteropentameric channels composed of GLRB and GLRA1 are activated by lower glycine levels than homopentameric GLRA1. Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability. Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents. (497 aa) |
| | GAL | Galanin message-associated peptide; Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3. This small neuropeptide may regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion; Belongs to the galanin family. (123 aa) |
| | SLC5A1 | Sodium/glucose cotransporter 1; Actively transports glucose into cells by Na(+) cotransport with a Na(+) to glucose coupling ratio of 2:1. Efficient substrate transport in mammalian kidney is provided by the concerted action of a low affinity high capacity and a high affinity low capacity Na(+)/glucose cotransporter arranged in series along kidney proximal tubules. (664 aa) |
| | CACNA1C | Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C; Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via [...] (2186 aa) |
| | SLC38A4 | Sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 4; Sodium-dependent amino acid transporter. Mediates electrogenic symport of neutral amino acids and sodium ions. Has a broad specificity, with a preference for Ala, followed by His, Cys, Asn, Ser, Gly, Val, Thr, Gln and Met. May mediate sodium-independent transport of cationic amino acids, such as Arg and Lys. Amino acid uptake is pH-dependent, with low transport activities at pH 6.5, intermediate at pH 7.0 and highest between pH 7.5 and 8.5. (547 aa) |
| | SSTR1 | Somatostatin receptor type 1; Receptor for somatostatin with higher affinity for somatostatin-14 than -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger via pertussis toxin insensitive G proteins. (391 aa) |
| | KCNH1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of a voltage-gated delayed rectifier potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by subunit assembly. Mediates IK(NI) current in myoblasts. Involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation, in particular adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Belongs to the potassium channel family. H (Eag) (TC 1.A.1.20) subfamily. Kv10.1/KCNH1 sub-subfamily. (989 aa) |
| | GLRA3 | Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3; Glycine receptors are ligand-gated chloride channels. Channel opening is triggered by extracellular glycine. Channel characteristics depend on the subunit composition; heteropentameric channels display faster channel closure (By similarity). Plays an important role in the down-regulation of neuronal excitability (By similarity). Contributes to the generation of inhibitory postsynaptic currents (By similarity). Contributes to increased pain perception in response to increased prostaglandin E2 levels (By similarity). Plays a role in cellular responses to [...] (464 aa) |
| | CDKAL1 | Threonylcarbamoyladenosine tRNA methylthiotransferase; Catalyzes the methylthiolation of N6- threonylcarbamoyladenosine (t(6)A), leading to the formation of 2- methylthio-N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine (ms(2)t(6)A) at position 37 in tRNAs that read codons beginning with adenine. Belongs to the methylthiotransferase family. CDKAL1 subfamily. (579 aa) |
| | PAK1 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1; Protein kinase involved in intracellular signaling pathways downstream of integrins and receptor-type kinases that plays an important role in cytoskeleton dynamics, in cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, apoptosis, mitosis, and in vesicle-mediated transport processes. Can directly phosphorylate BAD and protects cells against apoptosis. Activated by interaction with CDC42 and RAC1. Functions as GTPase effector that links the Rho-related GTPases CDC42 and RAC1 to the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Phosphorylates and activates MAP2K1, and thereby media [...] (553 aa) |
| | GRIA4 | Glutamate receptor 4; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (902 aa) |
| | RAB3C | Ras-related protein Rab-3C; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity). (227 aa) |
| | SCN3A | Sodium channel protein type 3 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forms a sodium- selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. May contribute to the regulation of serotonin/5- hydroxytryptamine release by enterochromaffin cells (By similarity). In pancreatic endocrine cells, required for both glucagon and glucose- induced insulin secretion (By similarity). Belongs to the sod [...] (2000 aa) |
| | GNAQ | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Regulates B-cell selection and survival and is required to prevent B-cell-dependent autoimmunity. Regulates chemotaxis of BM- derived neutrophils and dendritic cells (in vitro) (By similarity). Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily. (359 aa) |
| | KCNMA1 | Calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1; Potassium channel activated by both membrane depolarization or increase in cytosolic Ca(2+) that mediates export of K(+). It is also activated by the concentration of cytosolic Mg(2+). Its activation dampens the excitatory events that elevate the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration and/or depolarize the cell membrane. It therefore contributes to repolarization of the membrane potential. Plays a key role in controlling excitability in a number of systems, such as regulation of the contraction of smooth muscle, the tuning of hair cells in t [...] (1236 aa) |
| | SST | Somatostatin-14; [Somatostatin-14]: Inhibits the secretion of pituitary hormones, including that of growth hormone/somatotropin (GH1), PRL, ACTH, luteinizing hormone (LH) and TSH. Also impairs ghrelin- and GnRH- stimulated secretion of GH1 and LH; the inhibition of ghrelin- stimulated secretion of GH1 can be further increased by neuronostatin. (116 aa) |
| | CACNA1D | Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzothiazepines. B [...] (2181 aa) |
| | GJD2 | Gap junction delta-2 protein; One gap junction consists of a cluster of closely packed pairs of transmembrane channels, the connexons, through which materials of low MW diffuse from one cell to a neighboring cell; Belongs to the connexin family. Delta-type subfamily. (321 aa) |
| | CALM3 | Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa) |
| | ANO10 | Anoctamin-10; Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. Can inhibit the activity of ANO1. Belongs to the anoctamin family. (660 aa) |
| | SSTR5 | Somatostatin receptor type 5; Receptor for somatostatin 28 and to a lesser extent for somatostatin-14. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Increases cell growth inhibition activity of SSTR2 following heterodimerization. (364 aa) |
| | STX5 | Syntaxin-5; Mediates endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport. Together with p115/USO1 and GM130/GOLGA2, involved in vesicle tethering and fusion at the cis-Golgi membrane to maintain the stacked and inter- connected structure of the Golgi apparatus. (355 aa) |
| | TPCN2 | Two pore calcium channel protein 2; Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptor that may function as one of the major voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) across the lysosomal membrane. May be involved in smooth muscle contraction; Belongs to the calcium channel alpha-1 subunit (TC 1.A.1.11) family. Two pore calcium channel subfamily. (752 aa) |
| | SYN1 | Synapsin-1; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The complex formed with NOS1 and CAPON proteins is necessary for specific nitric-oxid functions at a presynaptic level. (705 aa) |
| | GRIA2 | Glutamate receptor 2; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (883 aa) |
| | CHRNA5 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. (468 aa) |
| | GALR1 | Galanin receptor type 1; Receptor for the hormone galanin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (349 aa) |
| | GRIK5 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 5; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds kainate > quisqualate > domoate > L-glutamate >> AMPA >> NMDA = 1S,3R- ACPD; Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRIK5 subfamily. (981 aa) |
| | SCN1A | Sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammatio [...] (2009 aa) |
| | INSR | Insulin receptor subunit alpha; Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosine residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lea [...] (1382 aa) |
| | KCNG3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 3; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; this promotes a reduction in the rate of activation and inactivation of the delayed rectifier voltage- gated potassium channel KCNB1. Belongs to the potassium channel family. G (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv6.3/KCNG3 sub-subfamily. (436 aa) |
| | CALML6 | Calmodulin-like protein 6; Calmodulin like 6; Belongs to the calmodulin family. Calglandulin subfamily. (181 aa) |
| | ADRB2 | Beta-2 adrenergic receptor; Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30- fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRB2 sub-subfamily. (413 aa) |
| | CPLX1 | Complexin-1; Positively regulates a late step in exocytosis of various cytoplasmic vesicles, such as synaptic vesicles and other secretory vesicles. Organizes the SNAREs into a cross-linked zigzag topology that, when interposed between the vesicle and plasma membranes, is incompatible with fusion, thereby preventing SNAREs from releasing neurotransmitters until an action potential arrives at the synapse. Also involved in glucose-induced secretion of insulin by pancreatic beta-cells. Essential for motor behavior. Belongs to the complexin/synaphin family. (134 aa) |
| | SIK2 | Serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2; Phosphorylates 'Ser-794' of IRS1 in insulin-stimulated adipocytes, potentially modulating the efficiency of insulin signal transduction. Inhibits CREB activity by phosphorylating and repressing TORCs, the CREB-specific coactivators; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. SNF1 subfamily. (926 aa) |
| | KCNK3 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 3; pH-dependent, voltage-insensitive, background potassium channel protein. Rectification direction results from potassium ion concentration on either side of the membrane. Acts as an outward rectifier when external potassium concentration is low. When external potassium concentration is high, current is inward. Belongs to the two pore domain potassium channel (TC 1.A.1.8) family. (394 aa) |
| | KCNJ4 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 4; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellular barium and cesium (By similarity); Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel [...] (445 aa) |
| | ADRA1B | Alpha-1B adrenergic receptor; This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins. Nuclear ADRA1A-ADRA1B heterooligomers regulate phenylephrine (PE)-stimulated ERK signaling in cardiac myocytes. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Adrenergic receptor subfamily. ADRA1B sub-subfamily. (520 aa) |
| | GABRB3 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel. The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By sim [...] (473 aa) |
| | PRKACA | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa) |
| | KCNG4 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily G member 4; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1. Belongs to the potassium channel family. G (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv6.4/KCNG4 sub-subfamily. (519 aa) |
| | LEP | Leptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal me [...] (167 aa) |
| | CALML3 | Calmodulin-like protein 3; May function as a specific light chain of unconventional myosin-10 (MYO10), also enhances MYO10 translation, possibly by acting as a chaperone for the emerging MYO10 heavy chain protein. May compete with calmodulin by binding, with different affinities, to cellular substrates. (149 aa) |
| | ANO5 | Anoctamin-5; Does not exhibit calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) activity. (913 aa) |
| | CHRNA3 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-3; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane. (505 aa) |
| | STX4 | Syntaxin-4; Plasma membrane t-SNARE that mediates docking of transport vesicles. Necessary for the translocation of SLC2A4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together with STXB3 and VAMP2, may also play a role in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes (By similarity). May also play a role in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones; Belongs to the syntaxin family. (297 aa) |
| | KCND3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. May contribute to I(To) current in heart and I(Sa) current in neurons. Channel properties are modulated by interactions with other alpha subunits and with regulatory subunits. Belongs to the potassium channel family. D (Shal) (TC 1.A.1.2) subfamily. Kv4.3/KCND3 sub-subfamily. (655 aa) |
| | KCNH5 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 5; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Elicits a non-inactivating outward rectifying current. Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly; Belongs to the potassium channel family. H (Eag) (TC 1.A.1.20) subfamily. Kv10.2/KCNH5 sub-subfamily. (988 aa) |
| | STXBP5 | Syntaxin-binding protein 5; Plays a regulatory role in calcium-dependent exocytosis and neurotransmitter release. Inhibits membrane fusion between transport vesicles and the plasma membrane. May modulate the assembly of trans- SNARE complexes between transport vesicles and the plasma membrane. Inhibits translocation of GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. Competes with STXBP1 for STX1 binding (By similarity). Belongs to the WD repeat L(2)GL family. (1151 aa) |
| | ORAI3 | Protein orai-3; Key regulator or component of store-operated Ca(2+) channel and transcription factor NFAT nuclear import; Belongs to the Orai family. (295 aa) |
| | SCN4B | Sodium channel subunit beta-4; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes negative shifts in the voltage dependence of activation of certain alpha sodium channels, but does not affect the voltage dependence of inactivation. Modulates the susceptibility of the sodium channel to inhibition by toxic peptides from spider, scorpion, wasp and sea anemone venom. (228 aa) |
| | SLC2A2 | Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2; Facilitative hexose transporter that mediates the transport of glucose and fructose. Likely mediates the bidirectional transfer of glucose across the plasma membrane of hepatocytes and is responsible for uptake of glucose by the beta cells; may comprise part of the glucose-sensing mechanism of the beta cell. May also participate with the Na(+)/glucose cotransporter in the transcellular transport of glucose in the small intestine and kidney. Also able to mediate the transport of dehydroascorbate. Belongs to the major fac [...] (524 aa) |
| | P2RY11 | P2Y purinoceptor 11; Receptor for ATP and ADP coupled to G-proteins that activate both phosphatidylinositol-calcium and adenylyl cyclase second messenger systems. Not activated by UTP or UDP. (374 aa) |
| | STXBP6 | Syntaxin-binding protein 6; Forms non-fusogenic complexes with SNAP25 and STX1A and may thereby modulate the formation of functional SNARE complexes and exocytosis. (210 aa) |
| | SLC5A2 | Sodium/glucose cotransporter 2; Sodium-dependent glucose transporter. Has a Na(+) to glucose coupling ratio of 1:1. (672 aa) |
| | SCN5A | Sodium channel protein type 5 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channel isoform. This channel is responsible for the initial upstroke of the action potential. Channel inactivation is regulated by intracellular calcium levels. Belongs to the sodium chann [...] (2016 aa) |
| | RPH3AL | Rab effector Noc2; Rab GTPase effector involved in the late steps of regulated exocytosis, both in endocrine and exocrine cells (By similarity). Acts as a potential RAB3B effector protein in epithelial cells. (315 aa) |
| | SLC6A17 | Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter SLC6A17; Functions as a sodium-dependent vesicular transporter selective for proline, glycine, leucine and alanine. In contrast to other members of this neurotransmitter transporter family, does not appear to be chloride-dependent (By similarity). (727 aa) |
| | IDH2 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial; Plays a role in intermediary metabolism and energy production. It may tightly associate or interact with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (452 aa) |
| | BEST3 | Bestrophin-3; Forms calcium-sensitive chloride channels. Permeable to bicarbonate; Belongs to the bestrophin family. (668 aa) |
| | CACNA1H | Voltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H; Voltage-sensitive calcium channel that gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle (Probable). They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons. In t [...] (2353 aa) |
| | PCLO | Protein piccolo; Scaffold protein of the presynaptic cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ) which is the place in the synapse where neurotransmitter is released (By similarity). After synthesis, participates in the formation of Golgi-derived membranous organelles termed Piccolo-Bassoon transport vesicles (PTVs) that are transported along axons to sites of nascent synaptic contacts (By similarity). At the presynaptic active zone, regulates the spatial organization of synaptic vesicle cluster, the protein complexes that execute membrane fusion and compensatory endocytosis (By similarity). O [...] (5142 aa) |
| | GHRL | Appetite-regulating hormone; Ghrelin is the ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (GHSR). Induces the release of growth hormone from the pituitary. Has an appetite-stimulating effect, induces adiposity and stimulates gastric acid secretion. Involved in growth regulation. (117 aa) |
| | STX3 | Syntaxin-3; Potentially involved in docking of synaptic vesicles at presynaptic active zones. (289 aa) |
| | SLC6A13 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2; Sodium-dependent GABA and taurine transporter. In presynaptic terminals, regulates GABA signaling termination through GABA uptake. May also be involved in beta-alanine transport. (602 aa) |
| | SYT3 | Synaptotagmin-3; Ca(2+) sensor involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain. Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2-domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (590 aa) |
| | P2RX2 | P2X purinoceptor 2; Ion channel gated by extracellular ATP involved in a variety of cellular responses, such as excitatory postsynaptic responses in sensory neurons, neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) formation, hearing, perception of taste and peristalsis. In the inner ear, regulates sound transduction and auditory neurotransmission, outer hair cell electromotility, inner ear gap junctions, and K(+) recycling. Mediates synaptic transmission between neurons and from neurons to smooth muscle. (497 aa) |
| | KCNJ11 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 11; This receptor is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by extracellular barium (By similarity). Subunit [...] (390 aa) |
| | SCN8A | Sodium channel protein type 8 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.6/SCN8A subfamily. (1980 aa) |
| | ANO1 | Anoctamin-1; Calcium-activated chloride channel (CaCC) which plays a role in transepithelial anion transport and smooth muscle contraction. Required for the normal functioning of the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) which generate electrical pacemaker activity in gastrointestinal smooth muscles. Acts as a major contributor to basal and stimulated chloride conductance in airway epithelial cells and plays an important role in tracheal cartilage development. Belongs to the anoctamin family. (986 aa) |
| | RAC1 | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such as secretory processes, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, epithelial cell polarization, neurons adhesion, migration and differentiation, and growth-factor induced formation of membrane ruffles. Rac1 p21/rho GDI heterodimer is the active component of the cytosolic factor sigma 1, which is involved in stimulation of the NADPH oxidase activity [...] (211 aa) |
| | ORAI2 | Protein orai-2; Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+)-like (CRAC-like) channel subunit which mediates Ca(2+) influx and increase in Ca(2+)-selective current by synergy with the Ca(2+) sensor, STIM1. (254 aa) |
| | CACNA2D1 | Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Plays an important role in excitation- contraction coupling (By similarity). (1091 aa) |
| | SSTR2 | Somatostatin receptor type 2; Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. In addition it stimulates phosphotyrosine phosphatase and PLC via pertussis toxin insensitive as well as sensitive G proteins. Inhibits calcium entry by suppressing voltage-dependent calcium channels. Acts as the functionally dominant somatostatin receptor in pancreatic alpha- and beta-cells where it mediates the inhibitory effect of somatostatin-14 on hormone secretion. Inhibits cell growth through enhancement of MAPK1 [...] (369 aa) |
| | GAD1 | Glutamate decarboxylase 1; Catalyzes the production of GABA. (594 aa) |
| | GRM8 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. (908 aa) |
| | SYN3 | Synapsin-3; May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. (580 aa) |
| | KCNQ2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2; Associates with KCNQ3 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. KCNQ2/KCNQ3 current is blocked by linopirdine and XE991, and activated by the anticonvulsant retigabine. As the native M-chan [...] (872 aa) |
| | CALCR | Calcitonin receptor; This is a receptor for calcitonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase. The calcitonin receptor is thought to couple to the heterotrimeric guanosine triphosphate-binding protein that is sensitive to cholera toxin; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. (508 aa) |
| | RYR1 | Ryanodine receptor 1; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering muscle contraction following depolarization of T-tubules. Repeated very high-level exercise increases the open probability of the channel and leads to Ca(2+) leaking into the cytoplasm. Can also mediate the release of Ca(2+) from intracellular stores in neurons, and may thereby promote prolonged Ca(2+) signaling in the brain. Required for normal embryonic development of muscle fibers and skeletal muscle. Required for nor [...] (5038 aa) |
| | SLC6A9 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1; Terminates the action of glycine by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. May play a role in regulation of glycine levels in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. (706 aa) |
| | TRPM6 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 6; Essential ion channel and serine/threonine-protein kinase. Crucial for magnesium homeostasis. Has an important role in epithelial magnesium transport and in the active magnesium absorption in the gut and kidney. Isoforms of the type M6-kinase lack the ion channel region; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. LTrpC subfamily. TRPM6 sub-subfamily. (2022 aa) |
| | ERC1 | ELKS/Rab6-interacting/CAST family member 1; Regulatory subunit of the IKK complex. Probably recruits IkappaBalpha/NFKBIA to the complex. May be involved in the organization of the cytomatrix at the nerve terminals active zone (CAZ) which regulates neurotransmitter release. May be involved in vesicle trafficking at the CAZ. May be involved in Rab-6 regulated endosomes to Golgi transport. (1116 aa) |
| | RYR2 | Ryanodine receptor 2; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm and thereby plays a key role in triggering cardiac muscle contraction. Aberrant channel activation can lead to cardiac arrhythmia. In cardiac myocytes, calcium release is triggered by increased Ca(2+) levels due to activation of the L-type calcium channel CACNA1C. The calcium channel activity is modulated by formation of heterotetramers with RYR3. Required for cellular calcium ion homeostasis. Required for embryonic heart development. Belongs to the ryanodine rec [...] (4967 aa) |
| | KCNK1 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 1; Ion channel that contributes to passive transmembrane potassium transport and to the regulation of the resting membrane potential in brain astrocytes, but also in kidney and in other tissues. Forms dimeric channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel is selective for K(+) ions at physiological potassium concentrations and at neutral pH, but becomes permeable to Na(+) at subphysiological K(+) levels and upon acidification of the extracellular medium. The homodimer has very low potassium [...] (336 aa) |
| | SLC30A10 | Zinc transporter 10; Plays a pivotal role in manganese transport. Manganese is an essential cation for the function of several enzymes, including some crucially important for the metabolism of neurotransmitters and other neuronal metabolic pathways. However, elevated levels of manganese are cytotoxic and induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Acts as manganese efflux transporter and confers protection against manganese-induced cell death. Also acts as zinc transporter involved in zinc homeostasis. Seems to mediate zinc transport into early endosomes and recyc [...] (485 aa) |
| | TFB1M | Dimethyladenosine transferase 1, mitochondrial; S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase which specifically dimethylates mitochondrial 12S rRNA at the conserved stem loop. Also required for basal transcription of mitochondrial DNA, probably via its interaction with POLRMT and TFAM. Stimulates transcription independently of the methyltransferase activity. (346 aa) |
| | SYT2 | Synaptotagmin-2; Exhibits calcium-dependent phospholipid and inositol polyphosphate binding properties (By similarity). May have a regulatory role in the membrane interactions during trafficking of synaptic vesicles at the active zone of the synapse (By similarity). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. Belongs to the synaptotagmin family. (419 aa) |
| | CACNA1E | Voltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells. They are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1E gives rise to R-type calcium currents. R-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are blocked by nickel. They are however insensitive to dihydropyridines (DHP). Calcium channels con [...] (2313 aa) |
| | CHRNB2 | Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2; After binding acetylcholine, the AChR responds by an extensive change in conformation that affects all subunits and leads to opening of an ion-conducting channel across the plasma membrane permeable to sodiun ions. (502 aa) |
| | STXBP3 | Syntaxin-binding protein 3; Together with STX4 and VAMP2, may play a role in insulin- dependent movement of GLUT4 and in docking/fusion of intracellular GLUT4-containing vesicles with the cell surface in adipocytes. (592 aa) |
| | ABCA4 | Retinal-specific phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA4; Catalyzes the translocation of specific phospholipids from the extracellular/lumenal to the cytoplasmic leaflet of membrane coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Transports preferentially phosphatidylethanolamine. In the visual cycle, acts as an inward-directed retinoid flipase, retinoid substrates imported by ABCA4 from the extracellular or intradiscal (rod) membrane surfaces to the cytoplasmic membrane surface are all- trans-retinaldehyde (ATR) and N-retinyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (NR- PE). Once transported to the cytoplasmic su [...] (2273 aa) |
| | SLC17A9 | Solute carrier family 17 member 9; Involved in vesicular storage and exocytosis of ATP. May accumulate ATP and other nucleotides in secretory vesicles such as adrenal chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles. (436 aa) |
| | PRKACB | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subu [...] (398 aa) |
| | CACNA1B | Voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1B gives rise to N-type calcium currents. N-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by omega-conotoxin- GVIA (AC P01522) (AC P01522) (By similarity). They are h [...] (2339 aa) |
| | RAB3B | Ras-related protein Rab-3B; Protein transport. Probably involved in vesicular traffic (By similarity); Belongs to the small GTPase superfamily. Rab family. (219 aa) |
| | KCNB1 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 1; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain, but also in the pancreas and cardiovascular system. Contributes to the regulation of the action potential (AP) repolarization, duration and frequency of repetitive AP firing in neurons, muscle cells and endocrine cells and plays a role in homeostatic attenuation of electrical excitability throughout the brain. Plays also a role in the regulation of exocytosis independently of its electrical function (By sim [...] (858 aa) |
| | RIMS3 | Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 3; Regulates synaptic membrane exocytosis. (308 aa) |
| | SYTL4 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 4; Modulates exocytosis of dense-core granules and secretion of hormones in the pancreas and the pituitary. Interacts with vesicles containing negatively charged phospholipids in a Ca(2+)-independent manner (By similarity). (671 aa) |
| | MCU | Calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial; Mitochondrial inner membrane calcium uniporter that mediates calcium uptake into mitochondria. Constitutes the pore-forming and calcium-conducting subunit of the uniporter complex (uniplex). Activity is regulated by MICU1 and MICU2. At low Ca(2+) levels MCU activity is down-regulated by MICU1 and MICU2; at higher Ca(2+) levels MICU1 increases MCU activity. Mitochondrial calcium homeostasis plays key roles in cellular physiology and regulates cell bioenergetics, cytoplasmic calcium signals and activation of cell death pathways. Involved in buffe [...] (351 aa) |
| | KCNK17 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 17; Outward rectifying potassium channel. Produces rapidly activating and non-inactivating outward rectifier K(+) currents. (332 aa) |
| | GLP1R | Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor; G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP- 1). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels. Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1 (By similarity). (463 aa) |
| | ITPR3 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. (2671 aa) |
| | GPRIN2 | G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 2; May be involved in neurite outgrowth. (458 aa) |
| | IRS2 | Insulin receptor substrate 2; May mediate the control of various cellular processes by insulin. (1338 aa) |
| | GAD2 | Glutamate decarboxylase 2; Catalyzes the production of GABA. (585 aa) |
| | STXBP4 | Syntaxin-binding protein 4; Plays a role in the translocation of transport vesicles from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. Inhibits the translocation of SLC2A4 from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane by STX4A binding and preventing the interaction between STX4A and VAMP2. Stimulation with insulin disrupts the interaction with STX4A, leading to increased levels of SLC2A4 at the plasma membrane. May also play a role in the regulation of insulin release by pancreatic beta cells after stimulation by glucose (By similarity). (553 aa) |
| | WAS | Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; Effector protein for Rho-type GTPases that regulates actin filament reorganization via its interaction with the Arp2/3 complex. Important for efficient actin polymerization. Possible regulator of lymphocyte and platelet function. Mediates actin filament reorganization and the formation of actin pedestals upon infection by pathogenic bacteria. In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA. Promotes homologous recombination (HR) r [...] (502 aa) |
| | GABBR1 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid type B receptor subunit 1; Component of a heterodimeric G-protein coupled receptor for GABA, formed by GABBR1 and GABBR2. Within the heterodimeric GABA receptor, only GABBR1 seems to bind agonists, while GABBR2 mediates coupling to G proteins. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase, stimulates phospholipase A2, activates potassium channels, inactivates voltage-depend [...] (961 aa) |
| | TRPM3 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3; Calcium channel mediating constitutive calcium ion entry. Its activity is increased by reduction in extracellular osmolarity, by store depletion and muscarinic receptor activation. Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. LTrpC subfamily. TRPM3 sub-subfamily. (1707 aa) |
| | PRKACG | cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. (351 aa) |
| | TRPC3 | Short transient receptor potential channel 3; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C, and by inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (ITPR) with bound IP3. May also be activated by internal calcium store depletion. (921 aa) |
| | CALML5 | Calmodulin-like protein 5; Binds calcium. May be involved in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. (146 aa) |
| | SLC7A1 | High affinity cationic amino acid transporter 1; High-affinity, low capacity permease involved in the transport of the cationic amino acids (arginine, lysine and ornithine) in non-hepatic tissues. (629 aa) |
| | ITPR2 | Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2; Receptor for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, a second messenger that mediates the release of intracellular calcium. This release is regulated by cAMP both dependently and independently of PKA (By similarity). (2701 aa) |
| | CADPS | Calcium-dependent secretion activator 1; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. Regulates catecholamine loading of DCVs. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles by acting as a PtdIns(4,5)P2- binding protein that acts at prefusion step following ATP-dependent priming and participates in DCVs-membrane fusion. However, it may also participate in [...] (1353 aa) |
| | DNM2 | Dynamin-2; Microtubule-associated force-producing protein involved in producing microtubule bundles and able to bind and hydrolyze GTP. Plays a role in the regulation of neuron morphology, axon growth and formation of neuronal growth cones (By similarity). Plays an important role in vesicular trafficking processes, in particular endocytosis. Involved in cytokinesis. Regulates maturation of apoptotic cell corpse-containing phagosomes by recruiting PIK3C3 to the phagosome membrane (By similarity). (870 aa) |
| | RPH3A | Rabphilin-3A; Plays an essential role in docking and fusion steps of regulated exocytosis (By similarity). At the presynaptic level, RPH3A is recruited by RAB3A to the synaptic vesicle membrane in a GTP- dependent manner where it modulates synaptic vesicle trafficking and calcium-triggered neurotransmitter release (By similarity). In the post-synaptic compartment, forms a ternary complex with GRIN2A and DLG4 and regulates NMDA receptor stability. Plays also a role in the exocytosis of arginine vasopressin hormone (By similarity). (694 aa) |
| | PTPRN2 | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2; Plays a role in vesicle-mediated secretory processes. Required for normal accumulation of secretory vesicles in hippocampus, pituitary and pancreatic islets. Required for the accumulation of normal levels of insulin-containing vesicles and preventing their degradation. Plays a role in insulin secretion in response to glucose stimuli. Required for normal accumulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain. In females, but not in males, required for normal accumulation and secretion of pituitary hormones [...] (1015 aa) |
| | KCNJ14 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 14; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. KCNJ14 gives rise to low-conductance channels with a low affinity to the channel blockers Barium and Cesium [...] (436 aa) |
| | SUMO1 | Small ubiquitin-related modifier 1; Ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently attached to proteins as a monomer or a lysine-linked polymer. Covalent attachment via an isopeptide bond to its substrates requires prior activation by the E1 complex SAE1-SAE2 and linkage to the E2 enzyme UBE2I, and can be promoted by E3 ligases such as PIAS1-4, RANBP2 or CBX4. This post- translational modification on lysine residues of proteins plays a crucial role in a number of cellular processes such as nuclear transport, DNA replication and repair, mitosis and signal transduction. Involved for insta [...] (101 aa) |
| | STX2 | Syntaxin-2; Essential for epithelial morphogenesis. May mediate Ca(2+)- regulation of exocytosis acrosomal reaction in sperm. (288 aa) |
| | KCNJ1 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 1; In the kidney, probably plays a major role in potassium homeostasis. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. This channel is activated by internal A [...] (391 aa) |
| | SCN3B | Sodium channel subunit beta-3; Modulates channel gating kinetics. Causes unique persistent sodium currents. Inactivates the sodium channel opening more slowly than the subunit beta-1. Its association with NFASC may target the sodium channels to the nodes of Ranvier of developing axons and retain these channels at the nodes in mature myelinated axons (By similarity). (215 aa) |
| | MTPN | Myotrophin; Promotes dimerization of NF-kappa-B subunits and regulates NF-kappa-B transcription factor activity (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of the growth of actin filaments. Inhibits the activity of the F-actin-capping protein complex formed by the CAPZA1 and CAPZB heterodimer. Promotes growth of cardiomyocytes, but not cardiomyocyte proliferation. Promotes cardiac muscle hypertrophy. Belongs to the myotrophin family. (118 aa) |
| | PPAN-P2RY11 | PPAN-P2RY11 readthrough; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (794 aa) |
| | CACNB1 | Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of L-type calcium channels. Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1A as pore- forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit and increases the presence of the channel complex at the cell membrane. Required for functional expression L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1D as pore-forming subunit. Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1B as pore-forming subunit. (598 aa) |
| | CCK | Cholecystokinin-58 desnonopeptide; This peptide hormone induces gall bladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes in the gut. Its function in the brain is not clear. Binding to CCK-A receptors stimulates amylase release from the pancreas, binding to CCK-B receptors stimulates gastric acid secretion. (115 aa) |
| | RAB27A | Ras-related protein Rab-27A; Small GTPase which cycles between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. In its active state, binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate homeostasis of late endocytic pathway, including endosomal positioning, maturation and secretion. Plays a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes. Required for both granule maturation and granule docking and priming at the immunologic synapse. (221 aa) |
| | RAPGEF4 | Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RAP1A, RAP1B and RAP2A small GTPases that is activated by binding cAMP. Seems not to activate RAB3A. Involved in cAMP-dependent, PKA-independent exocytosis through interaction with RIMS2 (By similarity). (1011 aa) |
| | GPER1 | G-protein coupled estrogen receptor 1; G-protein coupled estrogen receptor that binds to 17-beta- estradiol (E2) with high affinity, leading to rapid and transient activation of numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Stimulates cAMP production, calcium mobilization and tyrosine kinase Src inducing the release of heparin-bound epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), activating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK. Mediates pleiotropic functions among others in the cardiovascular, endocrine [...] (375 aa) |
| | INS | Insulin A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (110 aa) |
| | KCNJ15 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 15; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium; Belongs to the inward rectifier-type potassium channel (TC 1.A.2.1) family. KCNJ15 subfamily. (375 aa) |
| | GCGR | Glucagon receptor; G-protein coupled receptor for glucagon that plays a central role in the regulation of blood glucose levels and glucose homeostasis. Regulates the rate of hepatic glucose production by promoting glycogen hydrolysis and gluconeogenesis. Plays an important role in mediating the responses to fasting. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Promotes activation of adenylate cyclase. Besides, plays a role in signal [...] (477 aa) |
| | SLC8A1 | Sodium/calcium exchanger 1; Mediates the exchange of one Ca(2+) ion against three to four Na(+) ions across the cell membrane, and thereby contributes to the regulation of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and Ca(2+)-dependent cellular processes. Contributes to Ca(2+) transport during excitation-contraction coupling in muscle. In a first phase, voltage-gated channels mediate the rapid increase of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels due to release of Ca(2+) stores from the endoplasmic reticulum. SLC8A1 mediates the export of Ca(2+) from the cell during the next phase, so that cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels ra [...] (973 aa) |
| | SCN9A | Sodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channel isoform. Plays a role in pain mechanisms, especially in the development of inflammatory pain. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.7/SCN9A subfamily. (1977 aa) |
| | GCG | Glicentin-related polypeptide; Glucagon plays a key role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis. Regulates blood glucose by increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing glycolysis. A counterregulatory hormone of insulin, raises plasma glucose levels in response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia. Plays an important role in initiating and maintaining hyperglycemic conditions in diabetes. GLP-2 stimulates intestinal growth and up-regulates villus height in the small intestine, concomitant with increased crypt cell proliferation and decreased enterocyte apoptosis. The gastrointestinal tract, fro [...] (180 aa) |
| | ADIPOQ | Adiponectin; Important adipokine involved in the control of fat metabolism and insulin sensitivity, with direct anti-diabetic, anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory activities. Stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and activation in the liver and the skeletal muscle, enhancing glucose utilization and fatty-acid combustion. Antagonizes TNF-alpha by negatively regulating its expression in various tissues such as liver and macrophages, and also by counteracting its effects. Inhibits endothelial NF-kappa-B signaling through a cAMP-dependent pathway. May play a role in cell growth, angiogenesis [...] (244 aa) |
| | IDH1 | Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. (414 aa) |
| | KCNK16 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 16; Outward rectifying potassium channel. Produces rapidly activating and non-inactivating outward rectifier K(+) currents. (322 aa) |
| | SENP1 | Sentrin-specific protease 1; Protease that catalyzes two essential functions in the SUMO pathway. The first is the hydrolysis of an alpha-linked peptide bond at the C-terminal end of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) propeptides, SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 leading to the mature form of the proteins. The second is the deconjugation of SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 from targeted proteins, by cleaving an epsilon-linked peptide bond between the C-terminal glycine of the mature SUMO and the lysine epsilon-amino group of the target protein. Deconjugates SUMO1 from HIPK2. Deconjugates SUMO1 from [...] (644 aa) |
| | SCN1B | Sodium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of multiple voltage-gated sodium channel complexes that play important roles in excitable membranes in brain, heart and skeletal muscle. Enhances the presence of the pore-forming alpha subunit at the cell surface and modulates channel gating characteristics and the rate of channel inactivation. Modulates the activity of multiple pore-forming alpha subunits, such as SCN1A, SCN2A, SCN3A, SCN4A, SCN5A and SCN10A. (268 aa) |
| | GRIK2 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 2; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. M [...] (908 aa) |
| | CADPS2 | Calcium-dependent secretion activator 2; Calcium-binding protein involved in exocytosis of vesicles filled with neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Probably acts upstream of fusion in the biogenesis or maintenance of mature secretory vesicles. Regulates neurotrophin release from granule cells leading to regulate cell differentiation and survival during cerebellar development. May specifically mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of large dense-core vesicles (DCVs) and other dense-core vesicles (By similarity). (1296 aa) |
| | BEST1 | Bestrophin-1; Forms calcium-sensitive chloride channels. Highly permeable to bicarbonate. (604 aa) |
| | ANO6 | Anoctamin-6; Small-conductance calcium-activated nonselective cation (SCAN) channel which acts as a regulator of phospholipid scrambling in platelets and osteoblasts. Phospholipid scrambling results in surface exposure of phosphatidylserine which in platelets is essential to trigger the clotting system whereas in osteoblasts is essential for the deposition of hydroxyapatite during bone mineralization. Has calcium- dependent phospholipid scramblase activity; scrambles phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine and galactosylceramide (By similarity). Can generate outwardly rectifying chlori [...] (931 aa) |
| | CHRM4 | Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M4; The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mediates various cellular responses, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositides and modulation of potassium channels through the action of G proteins. Primary transducing effect is inhibition of adenylate cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor subfamily. CHRM4 sub-subfamily. (479 aa) |
| | SFRP4 | Secreted frizzled-related protein 4; Soluble frizzled-related proteins (sFRPS) function as modulators of Wnt signaling through direct interaction with Wnts. They have a role in regulating cell growth and differentiation in specific cell types (By similarity). SFRP4 plays a role in bone morphogenesis. May also act as a regulator of adult uterine morphology and function. May also increase apoptosis during ovulation possibly through modulation of FZ1/FZ4/WNT4 signaling (By similarity). Has phosphaturic effects by specifically inhibiting sodium-dependent phosphate uptake. (346 aa) |
| | STXBP2 | Syntaxin-binding protein 2; Involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking and vesicle fusion with membranes. Contributes to the granule exocytosis machinery through interaction with soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins that regulate membrane fusion. Regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis in natural killer (NK) cells. (604 aa) |
| | KCNIP1 | Kv channel-interacting protein 1; Regulatory subunit of Kv4/D (Shal)-type voltage-gated rapidly inactivating A-type potassium channels. Regulates channel density, inactivation kinetics and rate of recovery from inactivation in a calcium-dependent and isoform-specific manner. In vitro, modulates KCND1/Kv4.1 and KCND2/Kv4.2 currents. Increases the presence of KCND2 at the cell surface. Belongs to the recoverin family. (241 aa) |
| | SLC30A8 | Zinc transporter 8; Facilitates the accumulation of zinc from the cytoplasm into intracellular vesicles, being a zinc-efflux transporter. May be a major component for providing zinc to insulin maturation and/or storage processes in insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. Belongs to the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) transporter (TC 2.A.4) family. SLC30A subfamily. (369 aa) |
| | SLC2A1 | Solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1; Facilitative glucose transporter, which is responsible for constitutive or basal glucose uptake. Has a very broad substrate specificity; can transport a wide range of aldoses including both pentoses and hexoses. Most important energy carrier of the brain: present at the blood-brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain. (492 aa) |
| | STIM2 | Stromal interaction molecule 2; Plays a role in mediating store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), a Ca(2+) influx following depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Functions as a highly sensitive Ca(2+) sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum which activates both store-operated and store-independent Ca(2+)-influx. Regulates basal cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) concentrations. Upon mild variations of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) concentration, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane where it probably activates the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRA [...] (754 aa) |
| | VAMP2 | Vesicle-associated membrane protein 2; Involved in the targeting and/or fusion of transport vesicles to their target membrane. Modulates the gating characteristics of the delayed rectifier voltage-dependent potassium channel KCNB1. Belongs to the synaptobrevin family. (118 aa) |
| | CALML4 | Calmodulin-like protein 4; Calmodulin like 4; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (196 aa) |
| | TRPC1 | Short transient receptor potential channel 1; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Seems to be also activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (793 aa) |
| | RIMS2 | Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 2; Rab effector involved in exocytosis. May act as scaffold protein. Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (1349 aa) |
| | GABRA2 | Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain (By similarity). Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel (By similarity). The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present [...] (511 aa) |
| | RIMS1 | Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1; Rab effector involved in exocytosis (By similarity). May act as scaffold protein that regulates neurotransmitter release at the active zone. Essential for maintaining normal probability of neurotransmitter release and for regulating release during short-term synaptic plasticity (By similarity). Plays a role in dendrite formation by melanocytes. (1692 aa) |
| | GRIA1 | Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (916 aa) |
| | KCNB2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and smooth muscle cells. Channels open or close in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, letting potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization. Can form functional homotetrameric an [...] (911 aa) |
| | KCNJ5 | G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 4; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium. Belongs to the [...] (419 aa) |
| | KCNC3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily C member 3; Voltage-gated potassium channel that plays an important role in the rapid repolarization of fast-firing brain neurons. The channel opens in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, forming a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel displays rapid activation and inactivation kinetics. It plays a role in the regulation of the frequency, shape and duration of action potentials in Purkinje cells. Required for normal survival of cerebellar [...] (757 aa) |
| | GRIK4 | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 4; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. (956 aa) |
| | HIF1A | Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha; Functions as a master transcriptional regulator of the adaptive response to hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, activates the transcription of over 40 genes, including erythropoietin, glucose transporters, glycolytic enzymes, vascular endothelial growth factor, HILPDA, and other genes whose protein products increase oxygen delivery or facilitate metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. Plays an essential role in embryonic vascularization, tumor angiogenesis and pathophysiology of ischemic disease. Heterodimerizes with ARNT; heterodimer binds to core DNA sequenc [...] (850 aa) |
| | RIMS4 | Regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 4; Regulates synaptic membrane exocytosis. (270 aa) |
| | GRM4 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. (912 aa) |
| | SYTL1 | Synaptotagmin-like protein 1; May play a role in vesicle trafficking (By similarity). Binds phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate. Acts as a RAB27A effector protein and may play a role in cytotoxic granule exocytosis in lymphocytes (By similarity). (562 aa) |
| | SLC16A1 | Monocarboxylate transporter 1; Proton-coupled monocarboxylate transporter. Catalyzes the rapid transport across the plasma membrane of many monocarboxylates such as lactate, pyruvate, branched-chain oxo acids derived from leucine, valine and isoleucine, and the ketone bodies acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetate. Depending on the tissue and on cicumstances, mediates the import or export of lactic acid and ketone bodies. Required for normal nutrient assimilation, increase of white adipose tissue and body weight gain when on a high-fat diet. Plays a role in cellular responses to [...] (500 aa) |
| | SYT7 | Synaptotagmin-7; Ca(2+) sensor involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of secretory and synaptic vesicles through Ca(2+) and phospholipid binding to the C2 domain (By similarity). Ca(2+) induces binding of the C2- domains to phospholipid membranes and to assembled SNARE-complexes; both actions contribute to triggering exocytosis (By similarity). SYT7 binds Ca(2+) with high affinity and slow kinetics compared to other synaptotagmins (By similarity). Involved in Ca(2+)-triggered lysosomal exocytosis, a major component of the plasma membrane repair. Ca(2+)-regulated delivery of lysosomal [...] (478 aa) |
| | TPCN1 | Two pore calcium channel protein 1; Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptor that may function as one of the major voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels (VDCC) across the lysosomal and endosomal membrane. (888 aa) |
| | TRPV1 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1; Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits [...] (839 aa) |
| | KCNH6 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 6; Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Elicits a slowly activating, rectifying current (By similarity). Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly; Belongs to the potassium channel family. H (Eag) (TC 1.A.1.20) subfamily. Kv11.2/KCNH6 sub-subfamily. (994 aa) |
| | KCNJ12 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 12; Inward rectifying potassium channel that is activated by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate and that probably participates in controlling the resting membrane potential in electrically excitable cells. Probably participates in establishing action potential waveform and excitability of neuronal and muscle tissues. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potas [...] (433 aa) |
| | KCNJ16 | Inward rectifier potassium channel 16; Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. KCNJ16 may be involved in the regulation of fluid and pH balance. In the kidney, together with KCNJ10, mediates basolater [...] (453 aa) |
| | PPY | Pancreatic icosapeptide; Pancreatic hormone is synthesized in pancreatic islets of Langerhans and acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions. (95 aa) |
| | GIPR | Gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor; This is a receptor for GIP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 2 family. (466 aa) |
| | KCNN1 | Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1; Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization. Thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic afterhyperpolarization. The channel is blocked by apamin (By similarity); Belongs to the potassium channel KCNN family. KCa2.1/KCNN1 subfamily. (543 aa) |
| | GPRIN3 | G protein-regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 3; May be involved in neurite outgrowth. (776 aa) |
| | KCNJ6 | G protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2; This potassium channel may be involved in the regulation of insulin secretion by glucose and/or neurotransmitters acting through G- protein-coupled receptors. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due t [...] (423 aa) |
| | STIM1 | Stromal interaction molecule 1; Plays a role in mediating store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), a Ca(2+) influx following depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Acts as Ca(2+) sensor in the endoplasmic reticulum via its EF-hand domain. Upon Ca(2+) depletion, translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane where it activates the Ca(2+) release- activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel subunit ORAI1. Involved in enamel formation. Activated following interaction with STIMATE, leading to promote STIM1 conformational switch. (791 aa) |
| | UNC13B | Protein unc-13 homolog B; Plays a role in vesicle maturation during exocytosis as a target of the diacylglycerol second messenger pathway. Is involved in neurotransmitter release by acting in synaptic vesicle priming prior to vesicle fusion and participates in the activity-depending refilling of readily releasable vesicle pool (RRP) (By similarity). Essential for synaptic vesicle maturation in a subset of excitatory/glutamatergic but not inhibitory/GABA-mediated synapses (By similarity). In collaboration with UNC13A, facilitates neuronal dense core vesicles fusion as well as controls t [...] (1610 aa) |
| | SYN2 | Synapsin-2; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play a role in noradrenaline secretion by sympathetic neurons (By similarity); Belongs to the synapsin family. (582 aa) |
| | P2RY6 | P2Y purinoceptor 6; Receptor for extracellular UDP > UTP > ATP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins which activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. (328 aa) |
| | SSTR3 | Somatostatin receptor type 3; Receptor for somatostatin-14 and -28. This receptor is coupled via pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. (418 aa) |
| | GRIA3 | Glutamate receptor 3; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (894 aa) |
| | KCNN3 | Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3; Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization. Thought to regulate neuronal excitability by contributing to the slow component of synaptic afterhyperpolarization. The channel is blocked by apamin; Belongs to the potassium channel KCNN family. KCa2.3/KCNN3 subfamily. (746 aa) |
| | DOC2A | Double C2-like domain-containing protein alpha; Calcium sensor which most probably regulates fusion of vesicles with membranes. Binds calcium and phospholipids. May be involved in calcium dependent neurotransmitter release through the interaction with UNC13A. May be involved in calcium-dependent spontaneous release of neurotransmitter in absence of action potentials in neuronal cells. Regulates Ca(2+)-dependent secretory lysosome exocytosis in mast cells. (400 aa) |
| | DOC2B | Double C2-like domain-containing protein beta; Calcium sensor which positively regulates SNARE-dependent fusion of vesicles with membranes. Binds phospholipids in a calcium- dependent manner and may act at the priming stage of fusion by modifying membrane curvature to stimulate fusion. Involved in calcium- triggered exocytosis in chromaffin cells and calcium-dependent spontaneous release of neurotransmitter in absence of action potentials in neuronal cells. Involved both in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic cells and insulin-dependent GLUT4 transport to the plasma memb [...] (412 aa) |
| | KCNA2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the cardiovascular system. Prevents aberrant action potential firing and regulates neuronal output. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form funct [...] (499 aa) |
| | RYR3 | Ryanodine receptor 3; Calcium channel that mediates the release of Ca(2+) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm in muscle and thereby plays a role in triggering muscle contraction. May regulate Ca(2+) release by other calcium channels. Calcium channel that mediates Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum in non-muscle cells. Contributes to cellular calcium ion homeostasis (By similarity). Plays a role in cellular calcium signaling. (4870 aa) |
| | CACNA1A | Voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q- type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high- voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity). [...] (2512 aa) |
| | SCN2A | Sodium channel protein type 2 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Implicated in the regulation of hippocampal replay occurring within sharp wave ripples (SPW-R) important for memory (By similarity). Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.2/SCN2A subfamily. (2005 aa) |
| | KCNH1-2 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily H member 1. (95 aa) |
| | SLC6A1 | Sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1; Terminates the action of GABA by its high affinity sodium- dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. (599 aa) |
| | ABCC8 | ATP-binding cassette sub-family C member 8; Subunit of the beta-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). Regulator of ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and insulin release. Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily. (1603 aa) |
| | SLC12A1 | Solute carrier family 12 member 1; Renal sodium, potassium and chloride ion cotransporter that mediates the transepithelial NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb and plays an essential role in the urinary concentration and volume regulation. Electrically silent transporter system. (1099 aa) |
| | TRPM7 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7; Essential ion channel and serine/threonine-protein kinase. Divalent cation channel permeable to calcium and magnesium. Has a central role in magnesium ion homeostasis and in the regulation of anoxic neuronal cell death. Involved in TNF-induced necroptosis downstream of MLKL by mediating calcium influx. The kinase activity is essential for the channel function. May be involved in a fundamental process that adjusts plasma membrane divalent cation fluxes according to the metabolic state of the cell. Phosphorylates annexin A [...] (1865 aa) |
| | KCNN4 | Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4; Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium. Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization which promotes calcium influx. Required for maximal calcium influx and proliferation during the reactivation of naive T-cells. Plays a role in the late stages of EGF-induced macropinocytosis. (427 aa) |
| | CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration. In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections. Required for DOCK10-med [...] (191 aa) |
| | KCNJ8 | ATP-sensitive inward rectifier potassium channel 8; This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked by external barium (By similarity). Belon [...] (424 aa) |
