Alanine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Catalyzes the attachment of alanine to tRNA(Ala) in a two- step reaction: alanine is first activated by ATP to form Ala-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Ala). Also edits incorrectly charged tRNA(Ala) via its editing domain. Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase family.

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the cleavage of serine to glycine accompanied with the production of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, an essential intermediate for purine biosynthesis. Serine provides the major source of folate one-carbon in cells by catalyzing the transfer of one carbon from serine to tetrahydrofolate. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway via its role in glycine and tetrahydrofolate metabolism: thymidylate biosynthesis is required to prevent uracil accumulation in mtDNA. Also required for mitochondrial tran [...]

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4; May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily.

Reduced folate transporter; Transporter that mediates the import of reduced folates and a subset of cyclic dinucleotides. Has high affinity for N5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the predominant circulating form of folate. Also able to mediate the import of antifolate drug methotrexate. Acts as an importer of immunoreactive cyclic dinucleotides, such as cyclic GMP-AMP (2'-3'-cGAMP), an immune messenger produced in response to DNA virus in the cytosol, and its linkage isomer 3'-3'-cGAMP. Mechanistically, acts as an antiporter, which export of intracellular organic anions to facilitate uptake of [...]

Multidrug resistance-associated protein 4; May be an organic anion pump relevant to cellular detoxification; Belongs to the ABC transporter superfamily. ABCC family. Conjugate transporter (TC 3.A.1.208) subfamily.

Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1; Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). It is sensitive (ES) to low concentrations of the inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) and is sodium-independent. It has a higher affinity for adenosine. Inhibited by dipyridamole and dilazep (anticancer chemotherapeutics drugs).

All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate to retinoid metabolism. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans- retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal.

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C, gamma polypeptide.

All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate to retinoid metabolism. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans- retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine.

All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate to retinoid metabolism. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans- retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal.

Serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic; Interconversion of serine and glycine.

Alcohol dehydrogenase 1C, gamma polypeptide.

All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH1B; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and may participate to retinoid metabolism. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans- retinal and its derivatives such as all-trans-4-oxoretinal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Has the same affinity for all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol and all-trans-4-oxoretinal.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Dihydrofolate reductase; Key enzyme in folate metabolism. Contributes to the de novo mitochondrial thymidylate biosynthesis pathway. Catalyzes an essential reaction for de novo glycine and purine synthesis, and for DNA precursor synthesis. Binds its own mRNA and that of DHFR2.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]; Involved in pyrimidine base degradation. Catalyzes the reduction of uracil and thymine. Also involved the degradation of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil; Belongs to the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase family.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Dihydropyrimidinase; Catalyzes the second step of the reductive pyrimidine degradation, the reversible hydrolytic ring opening of dihydropyrimidines. Can catalyze the ring opening of 5,6-dihydrouracil to N-carbamyl-alanine and of 5,6-dihydrothymine to N-carbamyl-amino isobutyrate.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Folylpolyglutamate synthase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes conversion of folates to polyglutamate derivatives allowing concentration of folate compounds in the cell and the intracellular retention of these cofactors, which are important substrates for most of the folate-dependent enzymes that are involved in one-carbon transfer reactions involved in purine, pyrimidine and amino acid synthesis. Unsubstituted reduced folates are the preferred substrates. Metabolizes methotrexate (MTX) to polyglutamates.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Gamma-glutamyl hydrolase; Hydrolyzes the polyglutamate sidechains of pteroylpolyglutamates. Progressively removes gamma-glutamyl residues from pteroylpoly-gamma-glutamate to yield pteroyl-alpha-glutamate (folic acid) and free glutamate. May play an important role in the bioavailability of dietary pteroylpolyglutamates and in the metabolism of pteroylpolyglutamates and antifolates; Belongs to the peptidase C26 family.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

C-1-tetrahydrofolate synthase, cytoplasmic, N-terminally processed; Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, cyclohydrolase and formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase 1; In the N-terminal section; belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial; Although its dehydrogenase activity is NAD-specific, it can also utilize NADP at a reduced efficiency. Belongs to the tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase family.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Catalyzes the conversion of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine remethylation to methionine.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Methionine synthase; Catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from methyl- cobalamin to homocysteine, yielding enzyme-bound cob(I)alamin and methionine. Subsequently, remethylates the cofactor using methyltetrahydrofolate (By similarity); Belongs to the vitamin-B12 dependent methionine synthase family.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Methionine synthase reductase; Involved in the reductive regeneration of cob(I)alamin (vitamin B12) cofactor required for the maintenance of methionine synthase in a functional state. Necessary for utilization of methylgroups from the folate cycle, thereby affecting transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. Folate pathway donates methyl groups necessary for cellular methylation and affects different pathways such as DNA methylation, possibly explaining the transgenerational epigenetic inheritance effects.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Nucleoside diphosphate kinase B; Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate (By similarity). Negatively regulates Rho activity by interacting with AKAP13/LBC. Acts as a transcriptional activator of the MYC gene; binds DNA non-specifically. Binds to both single-stranded guanine- and cytosine-rich strands within the nuclease hypersensitive element (NHE) III(1) region of the MYC gene promoter. Does not bind to duplex NHE I [...]

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

5'(3')-deoxyribonucleotidase, cytosolic type; Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP.

Bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein PURH, N-terminally processed; Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis; Belongs to the PurH family.

Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit; Provides the precursors necessary for DNA synthesis. Catalyzes the biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides from the corresponding ribonucleotides.