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PLXNA4 PLXNA4 SEMA3F SEMA3F CD4 CD4 FGF4 FGF4 FGF20 FGF20 FGF22 FGF22 CHGA CHGA TIMP1 TIMP1 PLAT PLAT HGF HGF CSF3 CSF3 PF4V1 PF4V1 FGF6 FGF6 IL4 IL4 IL5 IL5 SEMA3G SEMA3G FABP4 FABP4 FST FST PDGFRB PDGFRB KDR KDR FGF10 FGF10 SEMA3A SEMA3A NRP1 NRP1 FGF7 FGF7 FGF18 FGF18 FLT1 FLT1 KIT KIT PF4 PF4 IL13 IL13 CXCL8 CXCL8 PLG PLG VEGFB VEGFB FGF5 FGF5 LEP LEP ANGPT2 ANGPT2 PLXND1 PLXND1 FGF8 FGF8 FGF3 FGF3 PLXNB1 PLXNB1 PLXNB2 PLXNB2 FGF17 FGF17 COL18A1 COL18A1 ARHGEF11 ARHGEF11 SEMA4A SEMA4A CTSS CTSS FGF9 FGF9 LILRB2 LILRB2 CD79B CD79B SPP1 SPP1 ARHGEF12 ARHGEF12 CD8A CD8A IMMT IMMT FGF16 FGF16 SEMA4D SEMA4D ANGPT1 ANGPT1 PECAM1 PECAM1 SEMA3B SEMA3B FURIN FURIN EFNB2 EFNB2 SEMA3E SEMA3E
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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PLXNA4Plexin-A4; Coreceptor for SEMA3A. Necessary for signaling by class 3 semaphorins and subsequent remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance in the developing nervous system. Class 3 semaphorins bind to a complex composed of a neuropilin and a plexin. The plexin modulates the affinity of the complex for specific semaphorins, and its cytoplasmic domain is required for the activation of down-stream signaling events in the cytoplasm (By similarity). (1894 aa)
SEMA3FSemaphorin-3F; May play a role in cell motility and cell adhesion. (785 aa)
CD4T-cell surface glycoprotein CD4; Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kina [...] (458 aa)
FGF4Fibroblast growth factor 4; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Required for normal limb and cardiac valve development during embryogenesis. (206 aa)
FGF20Fibroblast growth factor 20; Neurotrophic factor that regulates central nervous development and function. (211 aa)
FGF22Fibroblast growth factor 22; Plays a role in the fasting response, glucose homeostasis, lipolysis and lipogenesis. Can stimulate cell proliferation (in vitro). May be involved in hair development. (170 aa)
CHGAp-Glu serpinin precursor; [Pancreastatin]: Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas. [Serpinin]: Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway. This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation. (457 aa)
TIMP1Metalloproteinase inhibitor 1; Metalloproteinase inhibitor that functions by forming one to one complexes with target metalloproteinases, such as collagenases, and irreversibly inactivates them by binding to their catalytic zinc cofactor. Acts on MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, MMP8, MMP9, MMP10, MMP11, MMP12, MMP13 and MMP16. Does not act on MMP14. Also functions as a growth factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration and cell death and activates cellular signaling cascades via CD63 and ITGB1. Plays a role in integrin signaling. Mediates erythropoiesis in vitro; but, unlike IL3, it [...] (207 aa)
PLATTissue-type plasminogen activator chain A; Converts the abundant, but inactive, zymogen plasminogen to plasmin by hydrolyzing a single Arg-Val bond in plasminogen. By controlling plasmin-mediated proteolysis, it plays an important role in tissue remodeling and degradation, in cell migration and many other physiopathological events. Plays a direct role in facilitating neuronal migration; Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. (562 aa)
HGFHepatocyte growth factor alpha chain; Potent mitogen for mature parenchymal hepatocyte cells, seems to be a hepatotrophic factor, and acts as a growth factor for a broad spectrum of tissues and cell types. Activating ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase MET by binding to it and promoting its dimerization. Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. Plasminogen subfamily. (728 aa)
CSF3Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factors are cytokines that act in hematopoiesis by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of 2 related white cell populations of the blood, the granulocytes and the monocytes-macrophages. This CSF induces granulocytes; Belongs to the IL-6 superfamily. (207 aa)
PF4V1Platelet factor 4 variant(4-74); Inhibitor of angiogenesis. Inhibitor of endothelial cell chemotaxis (in vitro); Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. (104 aa)
FGF6Fibroblast growth factor 6; Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation, angiogenesis and myogenesis, and is required for normal muscle regeneration. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (208 aa)
IL4Interleukin-4; Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types. It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes. Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages (By similarity). Stimulates autophagy in dendritic cells by interfering with mTORC1 signaling and through the induction of RUFY4 (By [...] (153 aa)
IL5Interleukin-5; Factor that induces terminal differentiation of late- developing B-cells to immunoglobulin secreting cells; Belongs to the IL-5 family. (134 aa)
SEMA3GSemaphorin-3G; Has chemorepulsive activities for sympathetic axons. Ligand of NRP2 (By similarity); Belongs to the semaphorin family. (782 aa)
FABP4Fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte; Lipid transport protein in adipocytes. Binds both long chain fatty acids and retinoic acid. Delivers long-chain fatty acids and retinoic acid to their cognate receptors in the nucleus. Belongs to the calycin superfamily. Fatty-acid binding protein (FABP) family. (132 aa)
FSTFollistatin; Binds directly to activin and functions as an activin antagonist. Specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis and secretion of pituitary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). (344 aa)
PDGFRBPlatelet-derived growth factor receptor beta; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for homodimeric PDGFB and PDGFD and for heterodimers formed by PDGFA and PDGFB, and plays an essential role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, chemotaxis and migration. Plays an essential role in blood vessel development by promoting proliferation, migration and recruitment of pericytes and smooth muscle cells to endothelial cells. Plays a role in the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and the formation of neointima at v [...] (1106 aa)
KDRVascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFC and VEGFD. Plays an essential role in the regulation of angiogenesis, vascular development, vascular permeability, and embryonic hematopoiesis. Promotes proliferation, survival, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Isoforms lacking a transmembrane domain, such as isoform 2 and isoform 3, may function as decoy receptors for VEGFA, VEGFC and/or VEGFD. Isoform 2 plays an important role as negative reg [...] (1356 aa)
FGF10Fibroblast growth factor 10; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal branching morphogenesis. May play a role in wound healing. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (208 aa)
SEMA3ASemaphorin-3A; Involved in the development of the olfactory system and in neuronal control of puberty. Induces the collapse and paralysis of neuronal growth cones. Could serve as a ligand that guides specific growth cones by a motility-inhibiting mechanism. Binds to the complex neuropilin-1/plexin-1; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (771 aa)
NRP1Neuropilin-1; Receptor involved in the development of the cardiovascular system, in angiogenesis, in the formation of certain neuronal circuits and in organogenesis outside the nervous system. It mediates the chemorepulsant activity of semaphorins. It binds to semaphorin 3A, The PLGF-2 isoform of PGF, The VEGF165 isoform of VEGFA and VEGFB. Coexpression with KDR results in increased VEGF165 binding to KDR as well as increased chemotaxis. Regulates VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Binding to VEGFA initiates a signaling pathway needed for motor neuron axon guidance and cell body migration, inc [...] (923 aa)
FGF7Fibroblast growth factor 7; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal branching morphogenesis. Growth factor active on keratinocytes. Possible major paracrine effector of normal epithelial cell proliferation; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (194 aa)
FGF18Fibroblast growth factor 18; Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. Required for normal ossification and bone development. Stimulates hepatic and intestinal proliferation. (207 aa)
FLT1Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as a cell-surface receptor for VEGFA, VEGFB and PGF, and plays an essential role in the development of embryonic vasculature, the regulation of angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, macrophage function, chemotaxis, and cancer cell invasion. May play an essential role as a negative regulator of embryonic angiogenesis by inhibiting excessive proliferation of endothelial cells. Can promote endothelial cell proliferation, survival and angiogenesis in adulthood. Its function in promoting cell proliferati [...] (1338 aa)
KITMast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. In response to KITLG/SCF binding, KIT can activate several signaling pathways. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, SH2B2/APS and CBL. Activates the AKT1 signaling pathway by phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Activat [...] (976 aa)
PF4Platelet factor 4, short form; Released during platelet aggregation. Neutralizes the anticoagulant effect of heparin because it binds more strongly to heparin than to the chondroitin-4-sulfate chains of the carrier molecule. Chemotactic for neutrophils and monocytes. Inhibits endothelial cell proliferation, the short form is a more potent inhibitor than the longer form; Belongs to the intercrine alpha (chemokine CxC) family. (101 aa)
IL13Interleukin-13; Cytokine. Inhibits inflammatory cytokine production. Synergizes with IL2 in regulating interferon-gamma synthesis. May be critical in regulating inflammatory and immune responses. Positively regulates IL31RA expression in macrophages (By similarity). (146 aa)
CXCL8Interleukin-8; IL-8 is a chemotactic factor that attracts neutrophils, basophils, and T-cells, but not monocytes. It is also involved in neutrophil activation. It is released from several cell types in response to an inflammatory stimulus. IL-8(6-77) has a 5-10-fold higher activity on neutrophil activation, IL-8(5-77) has increased activity on neutrophil activation and IL-8(7-77) has a higher affinity to receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 as compared to IL-8(1-77), respectively. (99 aa)
PLGPlasmin heavy chain A, short form; Plasmin dissolves the fibrin of blood clots and acts as a proteolytic factor in a variety of other processes including embryonic development, tissue remodeling, tumor invasion, and inflammation. In ovulation, weakens the walls of the Graafian follicle. It activates the urokinase-type plasminogen activator, collagenases and several complement zymogens, such as C1 and C5. Cleavage of fibronectin and laminin leads to cell detachment and apoptosis. Also cleaves fibrin, thrombospondin and von Willebrand factor. Its role in tissue remodeling and tumor invas [...] (810 aa)
VEGFBVascular endothelial growth factor B; Growth factor for endothelial cells. VEGF-B167 binds heparin and neuropilin-1 whereas the binding to neuropilin-1 of VEGF-B186 is regulated by proteolysis. (207 aa)
FGF5Fibroblast growth factor 5; Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation and cell differentiation. Required for normal regulation of the hair growth cycle. Functions as an inhibitor of hair elongation by promoting progression from anagen, the growth phase of the hair follicle, into catagen the apoptosis-induced regression phase (By similarity); Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (268 aa)
LEPLeptin; Key player in the regulation of energy balance and body weight control. Once released into the circulation, has central and peripheral effects by binding LEPR, found in many tissues, which results in the activation of several major signaling pathways. In the hypothalamus, acts as an appetite-regulating factor that induces a decrease in food intake and an increase in energy consumption by inducing anorexinogenic factors and suppressing orexigenic neuropeptides, also regulates bone mass and secretion of hypothalamo- pituitary-adrenal hormones. In the periphery, increases basal me [...] (167 aa)
ANGPT2Angiopoietin-2; Binds to TEK/TIE2, competing for the ANGPT1 binding site, and modulating ANGPT1 signaling. Can induce tyrosine phosphorylation of TEK/TIE2 in the absence of ANGPT1. In the absence of angiogenic inducers, such as VEGF, ANGPT2-mediated loosening of cell-matrix contacts may induce endothelial cell apoptosis with consequent vascular regression. In concert with VEGF, it may facilitate endothelial cell migration and proliferation, thus serving as a permissive angiogenic signal. (496 aa)
PLXND1Plexin-D1; Cell surface receptor for SEMA4A and for class 3 semaphorins, such as SEMA3A, SEMA3C and SEMA3E. Plays an important role in cell-cell signaling, and in regulating the migration of a wide spectrum of cell types. Regulates the migration of thymocytes in the medulla. Regulates endothelial cell migration. Plays an important role in ensuring the specificity of synapse formation. Required for normal development of the heart and vasculature (By similarity). Mediates anti-angiogenic signaling in response to SEMA3E; Belongs to the plexin family. (1925 aa)
FGF8Fibroblast growth factor 8; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. Required for normal brain, eye, ear and limb development during embryogenesis. Required for normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth in hippocampal cells. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (244 aa)
FGF3Fibroblast growth factor 3; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Required for normal ear development; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (239 aa)
PLXNB1Plexin-B1; Receptor for SEMA4D. Plays a role in GABAergic synapse development (By similarity). Mediates SEMA4A- and SEMA4D-dependent inhibitory synapse development (By similarity). Plays a role in RHOA activation and subsequent changes of the actin cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance, invasive growth and cell migration. Belongs to the plexin family. (2135 aa)
PLXNB2Plexin-B2; Cell surface receptor for SEMA4C, SEMA4D and SEMA4G that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling (By similarity). Plays a role in glutamatergic synapse development and is required for SEMA4A- mediated excitatory synapse development (By similarity). Binding to class 4 semaphorins promotes downstream activation of RHOA and phosphorylation of ERBB2 at 'Tyr-1248' (By similarity). Required for normal differentiation and migration of neuronal cells during brain corticogenesis and for normal embryonic brain development (By similarity). Regulates the migration of cerebellar g [...] (1838 aa)
FGF17Fibroblast growth factor 17; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development and as signaling molecule in the induction and patterning of the embryonic brain. Required for normal brain development. (216 aa)
COL18A1Collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain; Probably plays a major role in determining the retinal structure as well as in the closure of the neural tube. Endostatin: Potently inhibits endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. May inhibit angiogenesis by binding to the heparan sulfate proteoglycans involved in growth factor signaling (By similarity). Inhibits VEGFA-induced endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Seems to inhibit VEGFA-mediated signaling by blocking the interaction of VEGFA to its receptor KDR/VEGFR2. Modulates endothelial cell migration in an integrin-dependent manner [...] (1754 aa)
ARHGEF11Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11; May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13. Involved in neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth. (1562 aa)
SEMA4ASemaphorin-4A; Cell surface receptor for PLXNB1, PLXNB2, PLXNB3 and PLXND1 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling (By similarity). Regulates glutamatergic and GABAergic synapse development (By similarity). Promotes the development of inhibitory synapses in a PLXNB1-dependent manner and promotes the development of excitatory synapses in a PLXNB2-dependent manner (By similarity). Plays a role in priming antigen-specific T-cells, promotes differentiation of Th1 T- helper cells, and thereby contributes to adaptive immunity (By similarity). Promotes phosphorylation of TIMD2 (By [...] (761 aa)
CTSSCathepsin S; Thiol protease. Key protease responsible for the removal of the invariant chain from MHC class II molecules. The bond-specificity of this proteinase is in part similar to the specificities of cathepsin L. (331 aa)
FGF9Fibroblast growth factor 9; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. May have a role in glial cell growth and differentiation during development, gliosis during repair and regeneration of brain tissue after damage, differentiation and survival of neuronal cells, and growth stimulation of glial tumors; Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (208 aa)
LILRB2Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 2; Receptor for class I MHC antigens. Recognizes a broad spectrum of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-G and HLA-F alleles. Involved in the down-regulation of the immune response and the development of tolerance. Recognizes HLA-G in complex with B2M/beta-2 microglobulin and a nonamer self-peptide (peptide-bound HLA-G-B2M) triggering differentiation of type 1 regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, both of which actively maintain maternal-fetal tolerance. Competes with CD8A for binding to class I MHC antigens. Inhibits FC [...] (598 aa)
CD79BB-cell antigen receptor complex-associated protein beta chain; Required in cooperation with CD79A for initiation of the signal transduction cascade activated by the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) which leads to internalization of the complex, trafficking to late endosomes and antigen presentation. Enhances phosphorylation of CD79A, possibly by recruiting kinases which phosphorylate CD79A or by recruiting proteins which bind to CD79A and protect it from dephosphorylation. (230 aa)
SPP1Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. (314 aa)
ARHGEF12Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12; May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13. (1544 aa)
CD8AT-cell surface glycoprotein CD8 alpha chain; Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class I molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins while class II derived from extracellular proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class I proteins presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Sr [...] (235 aa)
IMMTMICOS complex subunit MIC60; Component of the MICOS complex, a large protein complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that plays crucial roles in the maintenance of crista junctions, inner membrane architecture, and formation of contact sites to the outer membrane. Plays an important role in the maintenance of the MICOS complex stability and the mitochondrial cristae morphology. (758 aa)
FGF16Fibroblast growth factor 16; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation and cell differentiation, and is required for normal cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart development. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (207 aa)
SEMA4DSemaphorin-4D; Cell surface receptor for PLXNB1 and PLXNB2 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling. Regulates GABAergic synapse development (By similarity). Promotes the development of inhibitory synapses in a PLXNB1-dependent manner (By similarity). Modulates the complexity and arborization of developing neurites in hippocampal neurons by activating PLXNB1 and interaction with PLXNB1 mediates activation of RHOA. Promotes the migration of cerebellar granule cells. Plays a role in the immune system; induces B-cells to aggregate and improves their viability (in vitro). Induce [...] (862 aa)
ANGPT1Angiopoietin-1; Binds and activates TEK/TIE2 receptor by inducing its dimerization and tyrosine phosphorylation. Plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, proliferation, migration, adhesion and cell spreading, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, but also maintenance of vascular quiescence. Required for normal angiogenesis and heart development during embryogenesis. After birth, activates or inhibits angiogenesis, depending on the context. Inhibits angiogenesis and promotes vascular stability in quiescent vessels, where endothelial cells [...] (498 aa)
PECAM1Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule; Cell adhesion molecule which is required for leukocyte transendothelial migration (TEM) under most inflammatory conditions. Tyr-690 plays a critical role in TEM and is required for efficient trafficking of PECAM1 to and from the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC) and is also essential for the LBRC membrane to be targeted around migrating leukocytes. Trans-homophilic interaction may play a role in endothelial cell-cell adhesion via cell junctions. Heterophilic interaction with CD177 plays a role in transendothelial migration of neutr [...] (738 aa)
SEMA3BSemaphorin-3B; Inhibits axonal extension by providing local signals to specify territories inaccessible for growing axons; Belongs to the semaphorin family. (754 aa)
FURINFurin; Ubiquitous endoprotease within constitutive secretory pathways capable of cleavage at the RX(K/R)R consensus motif. Mediates processing of TGFB1, an essential step in TGF-beta-1 activation. (Microbial infection) Required for H7N1 and H5N1 influenza virus infection probably by cleaving hemagglutinin. (794 aa)
EFNB2Ephrin-B2; Cell surface transmembrane ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. Binds promiscuously Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Binds to receptor tyrosine kinase including EPHA4, EPHA3 an [...] (333 aa)
SEMA3ESemaphorin-3E; Plays an important role in signaling via the cell surface receptor PLXND1. Mediates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, leading to the retraction of cell projections. Promotes focal adhesion disassembly and inhibits adhesion of endothelial cells to the extracellular matrix. Regulates angiogenesis, both during embryogenesis and after birth. Can down-regulate sprouting angiogenesis. Required for normal vascular patterning during embryogenesis. Plays an important role in ensuring the specificity of synapse formation (By similarity). (775 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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