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| | OPRM1 | Mu-type opioid receptor; Receptor for endogenous opioids such as beta-endorphin and endomorphin. Receptor for natural and synthetic opioids including morphine, heroin, DAMGO, fentanyl, etorphine, buprenorphin and methadone. Agonist binding to the receptor induces coupling to an inactive GDP-bound heterotrimeric G-protein complex and subsequent exchange of GDP for GTP in the G-protein alpha subunit leading to dissociation of the G-protein complex with the free GTP-bound G-protein alpha and the G-protein beta-gamma dimer activating downstream cellular effectors. The agonist- and cell typ [...] (493 aa) |
| | THBS1 | Thrombospondin-1; Adhesive glycoprotein that mediates cell-to-cell and cell-to- matrix interactions. Binds heparin. May play a role in dentinogenesis and/or maintenance of dentin and dental pulp (By similarity). Ligand for CD36 mediating antiangiogenic properties. Plays a role in ER stress response, via its interaction with the activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6) which produces adaptive ER stress response factors (By similarity). (1170 aa) |
| | HS3ST2 | Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 2; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in GlcA2S-GlcNS. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate. (367 aa) |
| | GNB5 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-5; Enhances GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, hence involved in the termination of the signaling initiated by the G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis on the G-alpha subunits, thereby promoting their inactivation (Probable). Increases RGS9 GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity, hence contributes to the deactivation of G protein signaling initiated by D(2) dopamine receptors. May play an important role in neuronal signaling, including in the par [...] (395 aa) |
| | VSX2 | Visual system homeobox 2; Acts as a transcriptional regulator through binding to DNA at the consensus sequence 5'-[TC]TAATT[AG][AG]-3' upstream of gene promoters. Plays a significant role in the specification and morphogenesis of the sensory retina (By similarity). Mediates differentiation of V2a interneurons by repression of motor neuron gene transcription, via competitively binding to response elements that are activated by the ISL1-LHX3 complex, such as VSX1. Acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of NXNL1; regulation is significantly increased in synergy with VSX1 (By similar [...] (361 aa) |
| | GNA15 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-15; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (374 aa) |
| | PRKCQ | Protein kinase C theta type; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that mediates non-redundant functions in T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling, including T-cells activation, proliferation, differentiation and survival, by mediating activation of multiple transcription factors such as NF-kappa-B, JUN, NFATC1 and NFATC2. In TCR-CD3/CD28-co-stimulated T-cells, is required for the activation of NF-kappa-B and JUN, which in turn are essential for IL2 production, and participates in the calcium-dependent NFATC1 and NFATC2 transact [...] (706 aa) |
| | CDH3 | Cadherin-3; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (829 aa) |
| | PCDH10 | Protocadherin-10; Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. (1040 aa) |
| | NDST4 | Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 4; Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N- deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Has low deacetylase activity but high sulfotransferase activity (By similarity); Belongs to the sulfotransferase 1 family. NDST subfamily. (872 aa) |
| | DGKG | Diacylglycerol kinase gamma; Reverses the normal flow of glycerolipid biosynthesis by phosphorylating diacylglycerol back to phosphatidic acid. (791 aa) |
| | CDH6 | Cadherin-6; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (790 aa) |
| | POLR2D | DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4; DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Component of RNA polymerase II which synthesizes mRNA precursors and many functional non-coding RNAs. Pol II is the central component of the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. It is composed of mobile elements that move relative to each other. RPB4 is part of a subcomplex with RPB7 that binds to a pocket formed by RPB1, RPB2 and RPB6 at the base of the clamp element. The RBP4-RPB7 subcomplex seems [...] (142 aa) |
| | LRRTM2 | Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane neuronal protein 2; Involved in the development and maintenance of excitatory synapse in the vertebrate nervous system. Regulates surface expression of AMPA receptors and instructs the development of functional glutamate release sites. Acts as a ligand for the presynaptic receptors NRXN1-A and NRXN1-B (By similarity). (516 aa) |
| | LRRC4C | Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 4C; May promote neurite outgrowth of developing thalamic neurons. (640 aa) |
| | POU4F2 | POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2; Tissue-specific DNA-binding transcription factor involved in the development and differentiation of target cells. Functions either as activator or repressor modulating the rate of target gene transcription through RNA polymerase II enzyme in a promoter-dependent manner. Binds to the consensus octamer motif 5'-AT[A/T]A[T/A]T[A/T]A-3' of promoter of target genes. Plays a fundamental role in the gene regulatory network essential for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Binds to an octamer site to form a ternary complex with ISL1; cooper [...] (409 aa) |
| | SEMA3D | Semaphorin-3D; Induces the collapse and paralysis of neuronal growth cones. Could potentially act as repulsive cues toward specific neuronal populations. Binds to neuropilin (By similarity). (777 aa) |
| | THY1 | Thy-1 membrane glycoprotein; May play a role in cell-cell or cell-ligand interactions during synaptogenesis and other events in the brain. (161 aa) |
| | GNAQ | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Regulates B-cell selection and survival and is required to prevent B-cell-dependent autoimmunity. Regulates chemotaxis of BM- derived neutrophils and dendritic cells (in vitro) (By similarity). Belongs to the G-alpha family. G(q) subfamily. (359 aa) |
| | HTR5A | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 5A; This is one of the several different receptors for 5- hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), a biogenic hormone that functions as a neurotransmitter, a hormone, and a mitogen. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (357 aa) |
| | CDH15 | Cadherin-15; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. M-cadherin is part of the myogenic program and may provide a trigger for terminal muscle differentiation. (814 aa) |
| | IRX6 | Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-6; Iroquois homeobox 6. (446 aa) |
| | RHO | Rhodopsin; Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light- induced isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans- retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. (348 aa) |
| | RGS20 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 20; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds selectively to G(z)-alpha and G(alpha)- i2 subunits, accelerates their GTPase activity and regulates their signaling activities. The G(z)-alpha activity is inhibited by the phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the G-protein. Negatively regulates mu-opioid receptor-mediated activation of the G-proteins (By similarity). (388 aa) |
| | LRFN5 | Leucine-rich repeat and fibronectin type-III domain-containing protein 5; Cell adhesion molecule that mediates homophilic cell-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Promotes neurite outgrowth in hippocampal neurons; Belongs to the LRFN family. (719 aa) |
| | MTNR1A | Melatonin receptor type 1A; High affinity receptor for melatonin. Likely to mediate the reproductive and circadian actions of melatonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (350 aa) |
| | GNB2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | GLUL | Glutamine synthetase; Glutamine synthetase that catalyzes the ATP-dependent conversion of glutamate and ammonia to glutamine. Its role depends on tissue localization: in the brain, it regulates the levels of toxic ammonia and converts neurotoxic glutamate to harmless glutamine, whereas in the liver, it is one of the enzymes responsible for the removal of ammonia (By similarity). Essential for proliferation of fetal skin fibroblasts. Independently of its glutamine synthetase activity, required for endothelial cell migration during vascular development: acts by regulating membrane locali [...] (373 aa) |
| | ZCCHC12 | Zinc finger CCHC domain-containing protein 12; Transcriptional coactivator in the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signaling pathway. It positively modulates BMP signaling by interacting with SMAD1 and associating with CBP in the transcription complex. It contributes to the BMP-induced enhancement of cholinergic- neuron-specific gene expression (By similarity). (402 aa) |
| | RASGRP1 | RAS guanyl-releasing protein 1; Functions as a calcium- and diacylglycerol (DAG)-regulated nucleotide exchange factor specifically activating Ras through the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Activates the Erk/MAP kinase cascade. Regulates T- cell/B-cell development, homeostasis and differentiation by coupling T- lymphocyte/B-lymphocyte antigen receptors to Ras. Regulates NK cell cytotoxicity and ITAM-dependent cytokine production by activation of Ras-mediated ERK and JNK pathways. Functions in mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion, regulating FcERI-evoked allergic responses (By [...] (797 aa) |
| | DSCAML1 | Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule-like protein 1; Cell adhesion molecule that plays a role in neuronal self- avoidance. Promotes repulsion between specific neuronal processes of either the same cell or the same subtype of cells. Promotes both isoneuronal self-avoidance for creating an orderly neurite arborization in retinal rod bipolar cells and heteroneuronal self-avoidance to maintain mosaic spacing between AII amacrine cells (By similarity). Adhesion molecule that promotes lamina-specific synaptic connections in the retina: expressed in specific subsets of interneurons and retina [...] (2113 aa) |
| | GPR132 | Probable G-protein coupled receptor 132; May be a receptor for oxidized free fatty acids derived from linoleic and arachidonic acids such as 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE). Activates a G alpha protein, most likely G alpha(q). May be involved in apoptosis. Functions at the G2/M checkpoint to delay mitosis. May function as a sensor that monitors the oxidative states and mediates appropriate cellular responses such as secretion of paracrine signals and attenuation of proliferation. May mediate ths accumulation of intracellular inositol phosphates at acidic pH through proton-sensin [...] (380 aa) |
| | NXPH3 | Neurexophilin-3; May be signaling molecules that resemble neuropeptides. Ligand for alpha-neurexins (By similarity); Belongs to the neurexophilin family. (252 aa) |
| | HS3ST4 | Heparan sulfate glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 4; Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate (By similarity). (456 aa) |
| | CNTN2 | Contactin-2; In conjunction with another transmembrane protein, CNTNAP2, contributes to the organization of axonal domains at nodes of Ranvier by maintaining voltage-gated potassium channels at the juxtaparanodal region. May be involved in cell adhesion. (1040 aa) |
| | PRKCD | Protein kinase C delta type regulatory subunit; Calcium-independent, phospholipid- and diacylglycerol (DAG)- dependent serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays contrasting roles in cell death and cell survival by functioning as a pro-apoptotic protein during DNA damage-induced apoptosis, but acting as an anti- apoptotic protein during cytokine receptor-initiated cell death, is involved in tumor suppression as well as survival of several cancers, is required for oxygen radical production by NADPH oxidase and acts as positive or negative regulator in platelet functional responses. Nega [...] (676 aa) |
| | UNC5A | Netrin receptor UNC5A; Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Functions in the netrin signaling pathway and promotes neurite outgrowth in response to NTN1. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system in response to netrin. Axon repulsion in growth cones may be mediated by its association with DCC that may trigger signaling for repulsion. It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not associated with netrin ligand. (842 aa) |
| | UNC5B | Netrin receptor UNC5B; Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance. Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding. Axon repulsion in growth cones may be caused by its association with DCC that may trigger signaling for repulsion (By similarity). Functions as netrin receptor that negatively regulates vascular branching during angiogenesis. Mediates retraction of tip cell filopodia on endothelial growth cones in response to netrin (By similarity). It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not ass [...] (945 aa) |
| | GLDN | Gliomedin shedded ectodomain; Ligand for NRCAM and NFASC/neurofascin that plays a role in the formation and maintenance of the nodes of Ranvier on myelinated axons. Mediates interaction between Schwann cell microvilli and axons via its interactions with NRCAM and NFASC. Nodes of Ranvier contain clustered sodium channels that are crucial for the saltatory propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons. During development, nodes of Ranvier are formed by the fusion of two heminodes. Required for normal clustering of sodium channels at heminodes; not required for the formation of [...] (551 aa) |
| | PLCB1 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. (1216 aa) |
| | RGS12 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 12; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form. (1447 aa) |
| | RBPMS | RNA-binding protein with multiple splicing; Acts as a coactivator of transcriptional activity. Required to increase TGFB1/Smad-mediated transactivation. Acts through SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 to increase transcriptional activity. Increases phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 on their C-terminal SSXS motif, possibly through recruitment of TGFBR1. Promotes the nuclear accumulation of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins. Binds to poly(A) RNA. (219 aa) |
| | TRPC6 | Short transient receptor potential channel 6; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G-protein coupled receptors. Activated by diacylglycerol (DAG) in a membrane-delimited fashion, independently of protein kinase C. Seems not to be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion; Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC6 sub-subfamily. (931 aa) |
| | ANXA2 | Annexin A2; Calcium-regulated membrane-binding protein whose affinity for calcium is greatly enhanced by anionic phospholipids. It binds two calcium ions with high affinity. May be involved in heat-stress response. Inhibits PCSK9-enhanced LDLR degradation, probably reduces PCSK9 protein levels via a translational mechanism but also competes with LDLR for binding with PCSK9 ; Belongs to the annexin family. (357 aa) |
| | BCL11B | B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B; Key regulator of both differentiation and survival of T- lymphocytes during thymocyte development in mammals. Essential in controlling the responsiveness of hematopoietic stem cells to chemotactic signals by modulating the expression of the receptors CCR7 and CCR9, which direct the movement of progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the thymus. Is a regulator of IL2 promoter and enhances IL2 expression in activated CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. Tumor-suppressor that represses transcription through direct, TFCOUP2-independent binding to a GC-rich response element [...] (894 aa) |
| | PLXNA4 | Plexin-A4; Coreceptor for SEMA3A. Necessary for signaling by class 3 semaphorins and subsequent remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Plays a role in axon guidance in the developing nervous system. Class 3 semaphorins bind to a complex composed of a neuropilin and a plexin. The plexin modulates the affinity of the complex for specific semaphorins, and its cytoplasmic domain is required for the activation of down-stream signaling events in the cytoplasm (By similarity). (1894 aa) |
| | RXRG | Retinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid (By similarity). (463 aa) |
| | ASTN2 | Astrotactin-2; Mediates recycling of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule ASTN1 to the anterior pole of the cell membrane in migrating neurons. Promotes ASTN1 internalization and intracellular transport of endocytosed ASTN1 (By similarity). Selectively binds inositol-4,5- bisphosphate, inositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate and inositol-1,3,4,5- tetrakisphosphate, suggesting it is recruited to membranes that contain lipids with a phosphoinositide headgroup. (1288 aa) |
| | DRD2 | D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (443 aa) |
| | GRIN3A | Glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A; NMDA receptor subtype of glutamate-gated ion channels with reduced single-channel conductance, low calcium permeability and low voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Mediated by glycine. May play a role in the development of dendritic spines. May play a role in PPP2CB-NMDAR mediated signaling mechanism (By similarity). (1115 aa) |
| | RGS7 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 7; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form. The RGS7/GNB5 dimer enhances GNAO1 GTPase activity. May play a role in synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Modulates the activity of potassium channels that are activated by GNAO1 in response to muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M2/CHRM2 signaling. (487 aa) |
| | RABIF | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor MSS4; Guanine-nucleotide-releasing protein that acts on members of the SEC4/YPT1/RAB subfamily. Stimulates GDP release from both YPT1 and RAB3A, but is less active on these proteins than on the SEC4 protein. Might play a general role in vesicular transport; Belongs to the DSS4/MSS4 family. (123 aa) |
| | RGS1 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 1; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling downstream of the N-formylpeptide chemoattractant receptors and leukotriene receptors. Inhibits B cell chemotaxis toward CXCL12 (By similarity). Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. (209 aa) |
| | RGS18 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 18; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to G(i) alpha-1, G(i) alpha-2, G(i) alpha-3 and G(q) alpha. (235 aa) |
| | RGS16 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 16; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form. Plays an important role in the phototransduction cascade by regulating the lifetime and effective concentration of activated transducin alpha. May regulate extra and intracellular mitogenic signals (By similarity). (202 aa) |
| | RGS10 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 10; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling downstream of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Modulates the activity of potassium channels that are activated in response to CHRM2 signaling. Activity on GNAZ is inhibited by palmitoylation of the G-protein. (181 aa) |
| | KCNA3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3; Mediates the voltage-dependent potassium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a potassium-selective channel through which potassium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. (575 aa) |
| | HTR1B | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1B; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances, such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Arrestin family members inhibit signaling via G proteins and medi [...] (390 aa) |
| | DNTT | DNA nucleotidylexotransferase; Template-independent DNA polymerase which catalyzes the random addition of deoxynucleoside 5'-triphosphate to the 3'-end of a DNA initiator. One of the in vivo functions of this enzyme is the addition of nucleotides at the junction (N region) of rearranged Ig heavy chain and T-cell receptor gene segments during the maturation of B- and T-cells. (509 aa) |
| | DMRTB1 | Doublesex- and mab-3-related transcription factor B1; DMRT like family B with proline rich C-terminal 1; Belongs to the DMRT family. (342 aa) |
| | SNCG | Gamma-synuclein; Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases (By similarity). May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway (By similarity); Belongs to the synuclein family. (127 aa) |
| | OPN4 | Melanopsin; Photoreceptor required for regulation of circadian rhythm. Contributes to pupillar reflex and other non-image forming responses to light. May be able to isomerize covalently bound all-trans retinal back to 11-cis retinal (By similarity); Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily. (489 aa) |
| | PCDH19 | Protocadherin-19; Potential calcium-dependent cell-adhesion protein. (1148 aa) |
| | HTR1D | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1D; G-protein coupled receptor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin). Also functions as a receptor for ergot alkaloid derivatives, various anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs and other psychoactive substances. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity. Regulates the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and thereby affects neural activity. May also pl [...] (377 aa) |
| | APOM | Apolipoprotein M; Probably involved in lipid transport. Can bind sphingosine-1- phosphate, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, retinol, all- trans-retinoic acid and 9-cis-retinoic acid. (188 aa) |
| | GNA14 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-14; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. (355 aa) |
| | GPC5 | Secreted glypican-5; Cell surface proteoglycan that bears heparan sulfate. Belongs to the glypican family. (572 aa) |
| | POU4F1 | POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1; Multifunctional transcription factor with different regions mediating its different effects. Acts by binding (via its C-terminal domain) to sequences related to the consensus octamer motif 5'- ATGCAAAT-3' in the regulatory regions of its target genes. Regulates the expression of specific genes involved in differentiation and survival within a subset of neuronal lineages. It has been shown that activation of some of these genes requires its N-terminal domain, maybe through a neuronal-specific cofactor. Ativates BCL2 expression and protects ne [...] (419 aa) |
| | PLCB4 | 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4; The production of the second messenger molecules diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) is mediated by activated phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C enzymes. This form has a role in retina signal transduction. (1194 aa) |
| | PRKCZ | Protein kinase C zeta type; Calcium- and diacylglycerol-independent serine/threonine- protein kinase that functions in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade, and is involved in NF-kappa-B activation, mitogenic signaling, cell proliferation, cell polarity, inflammatory response and maintenance of long-term potentiation (LTP). Upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment in macrophages, or following mitogenic stimuli, functions downstream of PI3K to activate MAP2K1/MEK1-MAPK1/ERK2 signaling cascade independently of RAF1 activation. Req [...] (592 aa) |
| | GNB1 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | ELAVL2 | ELAV-like protein 2; RNA-binding protein that binds to the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNAs (By similarity). Seems to recognize a GAAA motif (By similarity). Can bind to its own 3'UTR, the FOS 3'UTR and the ID 3'UTR (By similarity); Belongs to the RRM elav family. (389 aa) |
| | SEMA5A | Semaphorin-5A; Bifunctional axonal guidance cue regulated by sulfated proteoglycans; attractive effects result from interactions with heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), while the inhibitory effects depend on interactions with chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) (By similarity). Ligand for receptor PLXNB3. In glioma cells, SEMA5A stimulation of PLXNB3 results in the disassembly of F-actin stress fibers, disruption of focal adhesions and cellular collapse as well as inhibition of cell migration and invasion through ARHGDIA-mediated inactivation of RAC1. May promote angiogenesis [...] (1074 aa) |
| | TBR1 | T-box brain protein 1; Transcriptional repressor involved in multiple aspects of cortical development, including neuronal migration, laminar and areal identity, and axonal projection. As transcriptional repressor of FEZF2, it blocks the formation of the corticospinal (CS) tract from layer 6 projection neurons, thereby restricting the origin of CS axons specifically to layer 5 neurons (By similarity). (682 aa) |
| | IGF1 | Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exo [...] (158 aa) |
| | DRD1 | D(1A) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which activate adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (446 aa) |
| | RGS19 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 19; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to G-alpha subfamily 1 members, with the order G(i)a3 > G(i)a1 > G(o)a >> G(z)a/G(i)a2. Activity on G(z)-alpha is inhibited by phosphorylation and palmitoylation of the G-protein. (217 aa) |
| | SPP1 | Osteopontin; Binds tightly to hydroxyapatite. Appears to form an integral part of the mineralized matrix. Probably important to cell-matrix interaction. (314 aa) |
| | RGS11 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 11; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. (467 aa) |
| | POU6F2 | POU domain, class 6, transcription factor 2; Probable transcription factor likely to be involved in early steps in the differentiation of amacrine and ganglion cells. Recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-ATGCAAAT-3'. Isoform 1 does not bind DNA. (691 aa) |
| | NXPH1 | Neurexophilin-1; May be signaling molecules that resemble neuropeptides and that act by binding to alpha-neurexins and possibly other receptors. Belongs to the neurexophilin family. (271 aa) |
| | UNC5D | Netrin receptor UNC5D; Receptor for the netrin NTN4 that promotes neuronal cell survival (By similarity). Plays a role in cell-cell adhesion and cell guidance. Receptor for netrin involved in cell migration. Plays a role in axon guidance by mediating axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding (By similarity). May play a role in apoptosis in response to DNA damage. It also acts as a dependence receptor required for apoptosis induction when not associated with netrin ligand. Mediates cell-cell adhesion via its interaction with FLRT3 on an [...] (953 aa) |
| | KCNS3 | Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily S member 3; Potassium channel subunit that does not form functional channels by itself. Can form functional heterotetrameric channels with KCNB1; modulates the delayed rectifier voltage-gated potassium channel activation and deactivation rates of KCNB1. Heterotetrameric channel activity formed with KCNB1 show increased current amplitude with the threshold for action potential activation shifted towards more negative values in hypoxic-treated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (By similarity). (491 aa) |
| | TBX20 | T-box transcription factor TBX20; Acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor required for cardiac development and may have key roles in the maintenance of functional and structural phenotypes in adult heart. (447 aa) |
| | FOXP2 | Forkhead box protein P2; Transcriptional repressor that may play a role in the specification and differentiation of lung epithelium. May also play a role in developing neural, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular tissues. Can act with CTBP1 to synergistically repress transcription but CTPBP1 is not essential. Plays a role in synapse formation by regulating SRPX2 levels. Involved in neural mechanisms mediating the development of speech and language. (740 aa) |
| | SAG | S-arrestin; Binds to photoactivated, phosphorylated RHO and terminates RHO signaling via G-proteins by competing with G-proteins for the same binding site on RHO (By similarity). May play a role in preventing light-dependent degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. (405 aa) |
| | EOMES | Eomesodermin homolog; Functions as a transcriptional activator playing a crucial role during development. Functions in trophoblast differentiation and later in gastrulation, regulating both mesoderm delamination and endoderm specification. Plays a role in brain development being required for the specification and the proliferation of the intermediate progenitor cells and their progeny in the cerebral cortex. Also involved in the differentiation of CD8+ T-cells during immune response regulating the expression of lytic effector genes. (705 aa) |
| | ERV3-1 | Endogenous retrovirus group 3 member 1 Env polyprotein; Retroviral envelope proteins mediate receptor recognition and membrane fusion during early infection. Endogenous envelope proteins may have kept, lost or modified their original function during evolution. This endogenous envelope protein has lost its fusogenic properties. It can inhibit cell growth through decrease expression of cyclin B1 and increased expression of p21 in vitro. TM anchors the envelope heterodimer to the viral membrane through one transmembrane domain. The other hydrophobic domain, called fusion peptide, mediate [...] (604 aa) |
| | RGS8 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 8; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2 and dopamine receptor DRD2 (By similarity). Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Modulates the activity of potassium channels that are activated in response to DRD2 and CHRM2 signaling (By similarity). (198 aa) |
| | RGS4 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 4; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Activity on G(z)-alpha is inhibited by phosphorylation of the G-protein. Activity on G(z)-alpha and G(i)- alpha-1 is inhibited by palmitoylation of the G-protein. (302 aa) |
| | GNG4 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (75 aa) |
| | SATB1 | DNA-binding protein SATB1; Crucial silencing factor contributing to the initiation of X inactivation mediated by Xist RNA that occurs during embryogenesis and in lymphoma (By similarity). Binds to DNA at special AT-rich sequences, the consensus SATB1-binding sequence (CSBS), at nuclear matrix- or scaffold-associated regions. Thought to recognize the sugar-phosphate structure of double-stranded DNA. Transcriptional repressor controlling nuclear and viral gene expression in a phosphorylated and acetylated status-dependent manner, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and [...] (795 aa) |
| | SATB2 | DNA-binding protein SATB2; Binds to DNA, at nuclear matrix- or scaffold-associated regions. Thought to recognize the sugar-phosphate structure of double- stranded DNA. Transcription factor controlling nuclear gene expression, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin-loop remodeling. Acts as a docking site for several chromatin remodeling enzymes and also by recruiting corepressors (HDACs) or coactivators (HATs) directly to promoters and enhancers. Required for the initiation of the upper-layer neurons (UL1) specific genetic program and for th [...] (733 aa) |
| | CLSTN2 | Calsyntenin-2; May modulate calcium-mediated postsynaptic signals. (955 aa) |
| | MDGA1 | MAM domain-containing glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein 1; Required for radial migration of cortical neurons in the superficial layer of the neocortex (By similarity). Plays a role in the formation or maintenance of inhibitory synapses. May function by inhibiting the activity of NLGN2. (955 aa) |
| | KCNK4 | Potassium channel subfamily K member 4; Voltage-insensitive potassium channel. Channel opening is triggered by mechanical forces that deform the membrane. Channel opening is triggered by raising the intracellular pH to basic levels (By similarity). The channel is inactive at 24 degrees Celsius (in vitro); raising the temperature to 37 degrees Celsius increases the frequency of channel opening, with a further increase in channel activity when the temperature is raised to 42 degrees Celsius (By similarity). Plays a role in the perception of pain caused by heat (By similarity). Plays a ro [...] (393 aa) |
| | ARRB2 | Beta-arrestin-2; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (430 aa) |
| | UNC5C | Netrin receptor UNC5C; Receptor for netrin required for axon guidance (By similarity). Mediates axon repulsion of neuronal growth cones in the developing nervous system upon ligand binding (By similarity). NTN1/Netrin-1 binding might cause dissociation of UNC5C from polymerized TUBB3 in microtubules and thereby lead to increased microtubule dynamics and axon repulsion. Axon repulsion in growth cones may also be caused by its association with DCC that may trigger signaling for repulsion (By similarity). Might also collaborate with DSCAM in NTN1-mediated axon repulsion independently of D [...] (931 aa) |
| | ARRB1 | Beta-arrestin-1; Functions in regulating agonist-mediated G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by mediating both receptor desensitization and resensitization processes. During homologous desensitization, beta- arrestins bind to the GPRK-phosphorylated receptor and sterically preclude its coupling to the cognate G-protein; the binding appears to require additional receptor determinants exposed only in the active receptor conformation. The beta-arrestins target many receptors for internalization by acting as endocytic adapters (CLASPs, clathrin- associated sorting proteins) and re [...] (418 aa) |
| | CDKN1C | Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1C; Potent tight-binding inhibitor of several G1 cyclin/CDK complexes (cyclin E-CDK2, cyclin D2-CDK4, and cyclin A-CDK2) and, to lesser extent, of the mitotic cyclin B-CDC2. Negative regulator of cell proliferation. May play a role in maintenance of the non-proliferative state throughout life; Belongs to the CDI family. (316 aa) |
| | ERVW-1 | Transmembrane protein; This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. May induce fusion through binding of SLC1A4 and SLC1A5. (538 aa) |
| | ERVFRD-1 | Transmembrane protein; This endogenous retroviral envelope protein has retained its original fusogenic properties and participates in trophoblast fusion and the formation of a syncytium during placenta morphogenesis. The interaction with MFSD2A is apparently important for this process. (538 aa) |
| | RGS21 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 21; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. (152 aa) |
| | HS6ST2 | Heparan-sulfate 6-O-sulfotransferase 2; 6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate. (645 aa) |
| | RGS5 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 5; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to G(i)-alpha and G(o)-alpha, but not to G(s)-alpha (By similarity). (185 aa) |
| | TRPM1 | Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1; Cation channel essential for the depolarizing photoresponse of retinal ON bipolar cells. It is part of the GRM6 signaling cascade. May play a role in metastasis suppression (By similarity). May act as a spontaneously active, calcium-permeable plasma membrane channel. (1642 aa) |
| | TBCE | Tubulin-specific chaperone E; Tubulin folding cofactor E. (578 aa) |
| | RGS13 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 13; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to both G(i)-alpha and G(q)-alpha (By similarity). (159 aa) |
| | VIM | Vimentin; Vimentins are class-III intermediate filaments found in various non-epithelial cells, especially mesenchymal cells. Vimentin is attached to the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, either laterally or terminally. (466 aa) |
| | RGS6 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 6; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP- bound form. The RGS6/GNB5 dimer enhances GNAO1 GTPase activity. (490 aa) |
| | ADCYAP1 | Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 27; Binding to its receptor activates G proteins and stimulates adenylate cyclase in pituitary cells. Promotes neuron projection development through the RAPGEF2/Rap1/B-Raf/ERK pathway. In chromaffin cells, induces long-lasting increase of intracellular calcium concentrations and neuroendocrine secretion (By similarity). Involved in the control of glucose homeostasis, induces insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells (By similarity). ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P13589, ; Belongs to the glucagon family. (176 aa) |
| | PTPRM | Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase mu; Involved in cell-cell adhesion through homophilic interactions. May play a key role in signal transduction and growth control. (1465 aa) |
| | OPN1MW | Opsin 1, medium wave sensitive. (364 aa) |
| | NR4A3 | Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3; Transcriptional activator that binds to regulatory elements in promoter regions in a cell- and response element (target)-specific manner. Induces gene expression by binding as monomers to the NR4A1 response element (NBRE) 5'-AAAAGGTCA-3' site and as homodimers to the Nur response element (NurRE) site in the promoter of their regulated target genes (By similarity). Plays a role in the regulation of proliferation, survival and differentiation of many different cell types and also in metabolism and inflammation. Mediates proliferation of vasc [...] (637 aa) |
| | IRX4 | Iroquois-class homeodomain protein IRX-4; Likely to be an important mediator of ventricular differentiation during cardiac development. (545 aa) |
| | TBCE-2 | Tubulin-specific chaperone E; Tubulin-folding protein; involved in the second step of the tubulin folding pathway and in the regulation of tubulin heterodimer dissociation. Required for correct organization of microtubule cytoskeleton and mitotic splindle, and maintenance of the neuronal microtubule network. (527 aa) |
| | POU4F3 | POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 3; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Acts by binding to sequences related to the consensus octamer motif 5'- ATGCAAAT-3' in the regulatory regions of its target genes. Involved in the auditory system development, required for terminal differentiation of hair cells in the inner ear (By similarity). (338 aa) |
| | GRM6 | Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors, such as adenylate cyclase. Signaling inhibits adenylate cyclase activity (By similarity). Signaling stimulates TRPM1 channel activity and Ca(2+) uptake. Required for normal vision. (877 aa) |
| | OTX2 | Homeobox protein OTX2; Transcription factor probably involved in the development of the brain and the sense organs. Can bind to the bicoid/BCD target sequence (BTS): 5'-TCTAATCCC-3'. (297 aa) |
| | GNA11 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Acts as an activator of phospholipase C. (359 aa) |
| | RGS17 | Regulator of G-protein signaling 17; Regulates G protein-coupled receptor signaling cascades, including signaling via muscarinic acetylcholine receptor CHRM2 and dopamine receptor DRD2. Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits, thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds selectively to GNAZ and GNAI2 subunits, accelerates their GTPase activity and regulates their signaling activities. Negatively regulates mu-opioid receptor-mediated activation of the G-proteins (By similarity). (210 aa) |
| | GNB3 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | LAMA4 | Laminin subunit alpha-4; Binding to cells via a high affinity receptor, laminin is thought to mediate the attachment, migration and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. (1823 aa) |
| | GNB4 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta-4; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa) |
| | OPN1SW | Short-wave-sensitive opsin 1; Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal (Probable). Required for the maintenance of cone outer segment organization in the ventral retina, but not essential for the maintenance of functioning cone photoreceptors (By similarity). Involved in ensuring correct abundance and localization of retinal membrane proteins (By similarity). May increase spectral sensitivity in dim light (By similarity); Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Opsin subfamily. (348 aa) |
| | CNGB1 | Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1; Subunit of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, nonselective cation channels, which play important roles in both visual and olfactory signal transduction. When associated with CNGA1, it is involved in the regulation of ion flow into the rod photoreceptor outer segment (ROS), in response to light-induced alteration of the levels of intracellular cGMP. (1251 aa) |
| | GNAT2 | Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Transducin is an amplifier and one of the transducers of a visual impulse that performs the coupling between rhodopsin and cGMP- phosphodiesterase. (354 aa) |
| | APOE | Apolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (317 aa) |
| | MTNR1B | Melatonin receptor type 1B; High affinity receptor for melatonin. Likely to mediate the reproductive and circadian actions of melatonin. The activity of this receptor is mediated by pertussis toxin sensitive G proteins that inhibit adenylate cyclase activity. (362 aa) |
| | SEMA6A | Semaphorin-6A; Cell surface receptor for PLXNA2 that plays an important role in cell-cell signaling. Required for normal granule cell migration in the developing cerebellum. Promotes reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and plays an important role in axon guidance in the developing central nervous system. Can act as repulsive axon guidance cue. Has repulsive action towards migrating granular neurons. May play a role in channeling sympathetic axons into the sympathetic chains and controlling the temporal sequence of sympathetic target innervation (By similarity); Belongs to the sema [...] (1047 aa) |
