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CACNG3 CACNG3 PVALB PVALB SLC17A7 SLC17A7 NANOG NANOG GFAP GFAP POU5F1 POU5F1 NRXN2 NRXN2 CACNA1C CACNA1C GABRA6 GABRA6 GRIA4 GRIA4 CACNA1D CACNA1D SHANK1 SHANK1 CACNG2 CACNG2 GRM5 GRM5 NEUROG2 NEUROG2 SOX2 SOX2 GRIK1 GRIK1 POU3F2 POU3F2 GRIN2A GRIN2A CACNA1H CACNA1H FOXG1 FOXG1 SHANK2 SHANK2 CACNA2D1 CACNA2D1 BCL11B BCL11B MT-ND4 MT-ND4 MT-ND2 MT-ND2 CACNA1S CACNA1S CACNA1E CACNA1E NES NES GABRE GABRE CACNA1B CACNA1B GRIK3 GRIK3 CACNA1F CACNA1F GABRD GABRD NLGN4X NLGN4X TBR1 TBR1 EHMT2 EHMT2 GAPDH GAPDH NRXN1 NRXN1 GABRR2 GABRR2 CREB1 CREB1 GABRA1 GABRA1 SATB2 SATB2 GABRR1 GABRR1 CACNA2D2 CACNA2D2 PHC3 PHC3 GRIA1 GRIA1 GABRP GABRP CNTN5 CNTN5 GABRG3 GABRG3 SHANK3 SHANK3 NRXN3 NRXN3 CACNA1A CACNA1A PAX6 PAX6
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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CACNG3Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit; Regulates the trafficking to the somatodendritic compartment and gating properties of AMPA-selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state. (315 aa)
PVALBParvalbumin alpha; In muscle, parvalbumin is thought to be involved in relaxation after contraction. It binds two calcium ions; Belongs to the parvalbumin family. (110 aa)
SLC17A7Vesicular glutamate transporter 1; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (560 aa)
NANOGHomeobox protein NANOG; Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. Imposes pluripotency on ES cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. Blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with SMAD1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active SMAD transcriptional complexes. Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-TAAT[GT][GT] [...] (305 aa)
GFAPGlial fibrillary acidic protein; GFAP, a class-III intermediate filament, is a cell-specific marker that, during the development of the central nervous system, distinguishes astrocytes from other glial cells. (472 aa)
POU5F1POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1; Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'- ATTTGCAT-3'). Forms a trimeric complex with SOX2 or SOX15 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-5 subfamily. (360 aa)
NRXN2Neurexin-2; Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion. May mediate intracellular signaling. (1712 aa)
CACNA1CVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C; Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm. Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via [...] (2186 aa)
GABRA6Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. (453 aa)
GRIA4Glutamate receptor 4; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of [...] (902 aa)
CACNA1DVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1D gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzothiazepines. B [...] (2181 aa)
SHANK1SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 1; Seems to be an adapter protein in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses that interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and Homer, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction; Belongs to the SHANK family. (2161 aa)
CACNG2Voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit; Regulates the trafficking and gating properties of AMPA- selective glutamate receptors (AMPARs). Promotes their targeting to the cell membrane and synapses and modulates their gating properties by slowing their rates of activation, deactivation and desensitization. Does not show subunit-specific AMPA receptor regulation and regulates all AMPAR subunits. Thought to stabilize the calcium channel in an inactivated (closed) state; Belongs to the PMP-22/EMP/MP20 family. CACNG subfamily. (323 aa)
GRM5Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5; G-protein coupled receptor for glutamate. Ligand binding causes a conformation change that triggers signaling via guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) and modulates the activity of down-stream effectors. Signaling activates a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system and generates a calcium-activated chloride current. Plays an important role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and the modulation of the neural network activity. (1212 aa)
NEUROG2Neurogenin-2; Transcriptional regulator. Involved in neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'- CANNTG-3'). (272 aa)
SOX2Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with OCT4 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206 (By similarity). Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG (By similarity). Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal (By similarity). Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differen [...] (317 aa)
GRIK1Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. (949 aa)
POU3F2POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in neuronal differentiation (By similarity). Binds preferentially to the recognition sequence which consists of two distinct half-sites, ('GCAT') and ('TAAT'), separated by a non-conserved spacer region of 0, 2, or 3 nucleotides (By similarity). The combination of three transcription factors, ASCL1, POU3F2/BRN2 and MYT1L, is sufficient to reprogram fibroblasts and other somatic cells into induced neuronal (iN) cells in vitro. Acts downstream of ASCL1, accessing chromatin that has been opened by ASCL [...] (443 aa)
GRIN2AGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition; channels containing GRIN1 and GRIN2A have higher sensitivity to glutamate and faster kineti [...] (1464 aa)
CACNA1HVoltage-dependent T-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1H; Voltage-sensitive calcium channel that gives rise to T-type calcium currents. T-type calcium channels belong to the 'low-voltage activated (LVA)' group. A particularity of this type of channel is an opening at quite negative potentials, and a voltage-dependent inactivation. T-type channels serve pacemaking functions in both central neurons and cardiac nodal cells and support calcium signaling in secretory cells and vascular smooth muscle (Probable). They may also be involved in the modulation of firing patterns of neurons. In t [...] (2353 aa)
FOXG1Forkhead box protein G1; Transcription repression factor which plays an important role in the establishment of the regional subdivision of the developing brain and in the development of the telencephalon. (489 aa)
SHANK2SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 2; Seems to be an adapter protein in the postsynaptic density (PSD) of excitatory synapses that interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. May play a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction. (1261 aa)
CACNA2D1Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Plays an important role in excitation- contraction coupling (By similarity). (1091 aa)
BCL11BB-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11B; Key regulator of both differentiation and survival of T- lymphocytes during thymocyte development in mammals. Essential in controlling the responsiveness of hematopoietic stem cells to chemotactic signals by modulating the expression of the receptors CCR7 and CCR9, which direct the movement of progenitor cells from the bone marrow to the thymus. Is a regulator of IL2 promoter and enhances IL2 expression in activated CD4(+) T-lymphocytes. Tumor-suppressor that represses transcription through direct, TFCOUP2-independent binding to a GC-rich response element [...] (894 aa)
MT-ND4NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4; Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). (459 aa)
MT-ND2NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 2; Core subunit of the mitochondrial membrane respiratory chain NADH dehydrogenase (Complex I) that is believed to belong to the minimal assembly required for catalysis. Complex I functions in the transfer of electrons from NADH to the respiratory chain. The immediate electron acceptor for the enzyme is believed to be ubiquinone (By similarity). (347 aa)
CACNA1SVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S; Pore-forming, alpha-1S subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents in skeletal muscle. Calcium channels containing the alpha-1S subunit play an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle via their interaction with RYR1, which triggers Ca(2+) release from the sarcplasmic reticulum and ultimately results in muscle contraction. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. (1873 aa)
CACNA1EVoltage-dependent R-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1E; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells. They are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1E gives rise to R-type calcium currents. R-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are blocked by nickel. They are however insensitive to dihydropyridines (DHP). Calcium channels con [...] (2313 aa)
NESNestin; Required for brain and eye development. Promotes the disassembly of phosphorylated vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) during mitosis and may play a role in the trafficking and distribution of IF proteins and other cellular factors to daughter cells during progenitor cell division. Required for survival, renewal and mitogen- stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells (By similarity). (1621 aa)
GABREGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. (506 aa)
CACNA1BVoltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1B gives rise to N-type calcium currents. N-type calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by omega-conotoxin- GVIA (AC P01522) (AC P01522) (By similarity). They are h [...] (2339 aa)
GRIK3Glutamate receptor ionotropic, kainate 3; Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds domoate > kainate >> L-glutamate = quisqualate >> AMPA = NMDA. (919 aa)
CACNA1FVoltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F; [Isoform 1]: Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1F gives rise to L-type calcium currents. Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group. They are blocked by dihydropyridines (DHP), phenylalkylamines, and by benzot [...] (1977 aa)
GABRDGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. (452 aa)
NLGN4XNeuroligin-4, X-linked; Putative neuronal cell surface protein involved in cell-cell- interactions; Belongs to the type-B carboxylesterase/lipase family. (816 aa)
TBR1T-box brain protein 1; Transcriptional repressor involved in multiple aspects of cortical development, including neuronal migration, laminar and areal identity, and axonal projection. As transcriptional repressor of FEZF2, it blocks the formation of the corticospinal (CS) tract from layer 6 projection neurons, thereby restricting the origin of CS axons specifically to layer 5 neurons (By similarity). (682 aa)
EHMT2Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase EHMT2; Histone methyltransferase that specifically mono- and dimethylates 'Lys-9' of histone H3 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively) in euchromatin. H3K9me represents a specific tag for epigenetic transcriptional repression by recruiting HP1 proteins to methylated histones. Also mediates monomethylation of 'Lys-56' of histone H3 (H3K56me1) in G1 phase, leading to promote interaction between histone H3 and PCNA and regulating DNA replication. Also weakly methylates 'Lys-27' of histone H3 (H3K27me). Also required for DNA methylation, the histone methyltr [...] (1267 aa)
GAPDHGlyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations throu [...] (335 aa)
NRXN1Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (1547 aa)
GABRR2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-2 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission. (465 aa)
CREB1Cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1; Phosphorylation-dependent transcription factor that stimulates transcription upon binding to the DNA cAMP response element (CRE), a sequence present in many viral and cellular promoters. Transcription activation is enhanced by the TORC coactivators which act independently of Ser-133 phosphorylation. Involved in different cellular processes including the synchronization of circadian rhythmicity and the differentiation of adipose cells; Belongs to the bZIP family. (341 aa)
GABRA1Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1; Ligand-gated chloride channel which is a component of the heteropentameric receptor for GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. Plays an important role in the formation of functional inhibitory GABAergic synapses in addition to mediating synaptic inhibition as a GABA-gated ion channel. The gamma2 subunit is necessary but not sufficient for a rapid formation of active synaptic contacts and the synaptogenic effect of this subunit is influenced by the type of alpha and beta subunits present in the receptor pentamer (By si [...] (456 aa)
SATB2DNA-binding protein SATB2; Binds to DNA, at nuclear matrix- or scaffold-associated regions. Thought to recognize the sugar-phosphate structure of double- stranded DNA. Transcription factor controlling nuclear gene expression, by binding to matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA and inducing a local chromatin-loop remodeling. Acts as a docking site for several chromatin remodeling enzymes and also by recruiting corepressors (HDACs) or coactivators (HATs) directly to promoters and enhancers. Required for the initiation of the upper-layer neurons (UL1) specific genetic program and for th [...] (733 aa)
GABRR1Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. Rho-1 GABA receptor could play a role in retinal neurotransmission. (479 aa)
CACNA2D2Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Acts as a regulatory subunit for P/Q- type calcium channel (CACNA1A), N-type (CACNA1B), L-type (CACNA1C OR CACNA1D) and possibly T-type (CACNA1G). Overexpression induces apoptosis. (1150 aa)
PHC3Polyhomeotic-like protein 3; Component of a Polycomb group (PcG) multiprotein PRC1-like complex, a complex class required to maintain the transcriptionally repressive state of many genes, including Hox genes, throughout development. PcG PRC1 complex acts via chromatin remodeling and modification of histones; it mediates monoubiquitination of histone H2A 'Lys-119', rendering chromatin heritably changed in its expressibility. (995 aa)
GRIA1Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (916 aa)
GABRPGamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel. In the uterus, the function of the receptor appears to be related to tissue contractility. The binding of this pI subunit with other GABA(A) receptor subunits alters the sensitivity of recombinant receptors to modulatory agents such as pregnanolone; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfa [...] (440 aa)
CNTN5Contactin-5; Contactins mediate cell surface interactions during nervous system development. Has some neurite outgrowth-promoting activity in the cerebral cortical neurons but not in hippocampal neurons. Probably involved in neuronal activity in the auditory system (By similarity). (1100 aa)
GABRG3Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3; GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel; Belongs to the ligand-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.9) family. Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (TC 1.A.9.5) subfamily. GABRG3 sub- subfamily. (467 aa)
SHANK3SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains protein 3; Major scaffold postsynaptic density protein which interacts with multiple proteins and complexes to orchestrate the dendritic spine and synapse formation, maturation and maintenance. Interconnects receptors of the postsynaptic membrane including NMDA-type and metabotropic glutamate receptors via complexes with GKAP/PSD-95 and HOMER, respectively, and the actin-based cytoskeleton. Plays a role in the structural and functional organization of the dendritic spine and synaptic junction through the interaction with Arp2/3 and WAVE1 complex [...] (1724 aa)
NRXN3Neurexin-3; Neuronal cell surface protein that may be involved in cell recognition and cell adhesion. May mediate intracellular signaling. (1571 aa)
CACNA1AVoltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q- type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high- voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity). [...] (2512 aa)
PAX6Paired box protein Pax-6; Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells (By similarity). Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains (By similarity). Isoform 5a appears to function as a molecular switch that specifies target genes; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (436 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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