STRINGSTRING
ELAVL4 ELAVL4 SCN11A SCN11A MYT1L MYT1L BBS10 BBS10 POU4F3 POU4F3 PAX6 PAX6 DCX DCX CACNA1A CACNA1A KCNA2 KCNA2 ZEB2 ZEB2 TRPC4 TRPC4 TWIST2 TWIST2 SYN2 SYN2 TRPV1 TRPV1 NTRK1 NTRK1 KCNB2 KCNB2 GRIA1 GRIA1 TRPC1 TRPC1 FXN FXN BDNF BDNF GDNF GDNF SCN9A SCN9A SOX10 SOX10 CACNB1 CACNB1 GAP43 GAP43 IGF1 IGF1 POSTN POSTN EDNRB EDNRB POU4F1 POU4F1 PTF1A PTF1A KLF4 KLF4 ELP1 ELP1 ATOH7 ATOH7 LHX2 LHX2 SNCG SNCG LHX3 LHX3 NGF NGF NES NES SOX15 SOX15 NTRK3 NTRK3 ELAVL3 ELAVL3 KCNQ2 KCNQ2 SYN3 SYN3 NR3C2 NR3C2 OTX2 OTX2 CACNA2D1 CACNA2D1 SOX12 SOX12 GFRA1 GFRA1 NR4A2 NR4A2 TRPV2 TRPV2 WNK1 WNK1 RBPMS RBPMS EDN3 EDN3 OLIG2 OLIG2 GRID1 GRID1 POU3F2 POU3F2 SIX6 SIX6 TRPM8 TRPM8 SOX2 SOX2 EBF1 EBF1 SOX11 SOX11 NEUROG1 NEUROG1 NEUROG2 NEUROG2 SLC17A8 SLC17A8 KLF7 KLF7 LDB2 LDB2 SCN1A SCN1A TACR1 TACR1 TRPV3 TRPV3 FOXN4 FOXN4 SYN1 SYN1 NEUROD1 NEUROD1 ISL2 ISL2 KIT KIT POU4F2 POU4F2 NTRK2 NTRK2 MEIS1 MEIS1 BBS4 BBS4 ASCL1 ASCL1 FGF2 FGF2 P2RX3 P2RX3 ARVCF ARVCF SLC17A6 SLC17A6 SPTLC1 SPTLC1 TRPA1 TRPA1 VSX2 VSX2 SIX3 SIX3 POU5F1 POU5F1 PRDM12 PRDM12 SOX9 SOX9 ISL1 ISL1 NANOG NANOG ASIC1 ASIC1 PHOX2B PHOX2B TMEM97 TMEM97 COL1A1 COL1A1 ASIC2 ASIC2 CRX CRX SLC17A7 SLC17A7 BDKRB1 BDKRB1 NGFR NGFR LDB1 LDB1 TFAP2A TFAP2A
Nodes:
Network nodes represent proteins
splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
Node Color
colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
Node Content
empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
Edges:
Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
Others
textmining
co-expression
protein homology
Your Input:
ELAVL4ELAV-like protein 4; RNA-binding protein that is involved in the post- transcriptional regulation of mRNAs. Plays a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, alternative splicing and translation. Binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs, including GAP43, VEGF, FOS, CDKN1A and ACHE mRNA. Many of the target mRNAs are coding for RNA-binding proteins, transcription factors and proteins involved in RNA processing and/or neuronal development and function (By similarity). By binding to the mRNA 3'UTR, decreases mRNA deadenylation and thereby [...] (402 aa)
SCN11ASodium channel protein type 11 subunit alpha; This protein mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which sodium ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel isoform. Also involved, with the contribution of the receptor tyrosine kinase NTRK2, in rapid BDNF-evoked neuronal depolarization. (1791 aa)
MYT1LMyelin transcription factor 1-like protein; Transcription factor that plays a key role in neuronal differentiation by specifically repressing expression of non-neuronal genes during neuron differentiation. In contrast to other transcription repressors that inhibit specific lineages, mediates repression of multiple differentiation programs. Also represses expression of negative regulators of neurogenesis, such as members of the Notch signaling pathway, including HES1. The combination of three transcription factors, ASCL1, POU3F2/BRN2 and MYT1L, is sufficient to reprogram fibroblasts and [...] (1186 aa)
BBS10Bardet-Biedl syndrome 10 protein; Probable molecular chaperone that assists the folding of proteins upon ATP hydrolysis. Plays a role in the assembly of BBSome, a complex involved in ciliogenesis regulating transports vesicles to the cilia. Involved in adipogenic differentiation. Belongs to the TCP-1 chaperonin family. (723 aa)
POU4F3POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 3; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Acts by binding to sequences related to the consensus octamer motif 5'- ATGCAAAT-3' in the regulatory regions of its target genes. Involved in the auditory system development, required for terminal differentiation of hair cells in the inner ear (By similarity). (338 aa)
PAX6Paired box protein Pax-6; Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells (By similarity). Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains (By similarity). Isoform 5a appears to function as a molecular switch that specifies target genes; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (436 aa)
DCXNeuronal migration protein doublecortin; Microtubule-associated protein required for initial steps of neuronal dispersion and cortex lamination during cerebral cortex development. May act by competing with the putative neuronal protein kinase DCLK1 in binding to a target protein. May in that way participate in a signaling pathway that is crucial for neuronal interaction before and during migration, possibly as part of a calcium ion-dependent signal transduction pathway. May be part with PAFAH1B1/LIS-1 of overlapping, but distinct, signaling pathways that promote neuronal migration. (366 aa)
CACNA1AVoltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A; Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) mediate the entry of calcium ions into excitable cells and are also involved in a variety of calcium-dependent processes, including muscle contraction, hormone or neurotransmitter release, gene expression, cell motility, cell division and cell death. The isoform alpha-1A gives rise to P and/or Q- type calcium currents. P/Q-type calcium channels belong to the 'high- voltage activated' (HVA) group and are specifically blocked by the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (AC P54282) (By similarity). [...] (2512 aa)
KCNA2Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and the central nervous system, but also in the cardiovascular system. Prevents aberrant action potential firing and regulates neuronal output. Forms tetrameric potassium-selective channels through which potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. The channel alternates between opened and closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane. Can form funct [...] (499 aa)
ZEB2Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2; Transcriptional inhibitor that binds to DNA sequence 5'- CACCT-3' in different promoters. Represses transcription of E-cadherin. (1214 aa)
TRPC4Short transient receptor potential channel 4; Forms a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Acts as a cell-cell contact-dependent endothelial calcium entry channel. Probably operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Mediates cation entry, with an enhanced permeability to barium over calcium. May also be activated by intracellular calcium store depletion; Belongs to the transient receptor (TC 1.A.4) family. STrpC subfamily. TRPC4 sub-subfamily. (982 aa)
TWIST2Twist-related protein 2; Binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5'-CANNTG-3' as a heterodimer and inhibits transcriptional activation by MYOD1, MYOG, MEF2A and MEF2C. Also represses expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFA and IL1B. Involved in postnatal glycogen storage and energy metabolism (By similarity). Inhibits the premature or ectopic differentiation of preosteoblast cells during osteogenesis, possibly by changing the internal signal transduction response of osteoblasts to external growth factors. (160 aa)
SYN2Synapsin-2; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. May play a role in noradrenaline secretion by sympathetic neurons (By similarity); Belongs to the synapsin family. (582 aa)
TRPV1Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1; Ligand-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel involved in detection of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli. Seems to mediate proton influx and may be involved in intracellular acidosis in nociceptive neurons. Involved in mediation of inflammatory pain and hyperalgesia. Sensitized by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, which involves PKC isozymes and PCL. Activation by vanilloids, like capsaicin, and temperatures higher than 42 degrees Celsius, exhibits [...] (839 aa)
NTRK1High affinity nerve growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems through regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival of sympathetic and nervous neurons. High affinity receptor for NGF which is its primary ligand. Can also bind and be activated by NTF3/neurotrophin- 3. However, NTF3 only supports axonal extension through NTRK1 but has no effect on neuron survival (By similarity). Upon dimeric NGF ligand- binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and activation. R [...] (796 aa)
KCNB2Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily B member 2; Voltage-gated potassium channel that mediates transmembrane potassium transport in excitable membranes, primarily in the brain and smooth muscle cells. Channels open or close in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, letting potassium ions pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Homotetrameric channels mediate a delayed-rectifier voltage-dependent outward potassium current that display rapid activation and slow inactivation in response to membrane depolarization. Can form functional homotetrameric an [...] (911 aa)
GRIA1Glutamate receptor 1; Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulati [...] (916 aa)
TRPC1Short transient receptor potential channel 1; Thought to form a receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. Probably is operated by a phosphatidylinositol second messenger system activated by receptor tyrosine kinases or G- protein coupled receptors. Seems to be also activated by intracellular calcium store depletion. (793 aa)
FXNFrataxin intermediate form; Promotes the biosynthesis of heme and assembly and repair of iron-sulfur clusters by delivering Fe(2+) to proteins involved in these pathways. May play a role in the protection against iron-catalyzed oxidative stress through its ability to catalyze the oxidation of Fe(2+) to Fe(3+); the oligomeric form but not the monomeric form has in vitro ferroxidase activity. May be able to store large amounts of iron in the form of a ferrihydrite mineral by oligomerization; however, the physiological relevance is unsure as reports are conflicting and the function has on [...] (210 aa)
BDNFBrain-derived neurotrophic factor; Important signaling molecule that activates signaling cascades downstream of NTRK2. During development, promotes the survival and differentiation of selected neuronal populations of the peripheral and central nervous systems. Participates in axonal growth, pathfinding and in the modulation of dendritic growth and morphology. Major regulator of synaptic transmission and plasticity at adult synapses in many regions of the CNS. The versatility of BDNF is emphasized by its contribution to a range of adaptive neuronal responses including long-term potentia [...] (329 aa)
GDNFGlial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor; Neurotrophic factor that enhances survival and morphological differentiation of dopaminergic neurons and increases their high- affinity dopamine uptake; Belongs to the TGF-beta family. GDNF subfamily. (228 aa)
SCN9ASodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channel isoform. Plays a role in pain mechanisms, especially in the development of inflammatory pain. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.7/SCN9A subfamily. (1977 aa)
SOX10Transcription factor SOX-10; Transcription factor that plays a central role in developing and mature glia. Specifically activates expression of myelin genes, during oligodendrocyte (OL) maturation, such as DUSP15 and MYRF, thereby playing a central role in oligodendrocyte maturation and CNS myelination. Once induced, MYRF cooperates with SOX10 to implement the myelination program. Transcriptional activator of MITF, acting synergistically with PAX3. (466 aa)
CACNB1Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1; Regulatory subunit of L-type calcium channels. Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1A as pore- forming subunit (By similarity). Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1C as pore-forming subunit and increases the presence of the channel complex at the cell membrane. Required for functional expression L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1D as pore-forming subunit. Regulates the activity of L-type calcium channels that contain CACNA1B as pore-forming subunit. (598 aa)
GAP43Neuromodulin; This protein is associated with nerve growth. It is a major component of the motile 'growth cones' that form the tips of elongating axons. Plays a role in axonal and dendritic filopodia induction. (274 aa)
IGF1Insulin-like growth factor I; The insulin-like growth factors, isolated from plasma, are structurally and functionally related to insulin but have a much higher growth-promoting activity. May be a physiological regulator of [1-14C]- 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) transport and glycogen synthesis in osteoblasts. Stimulates glucose transport in bone-derived osteoblastic (PyMS) cells and is effective at much lower concentrations than insulin, not only regarding glycogen and DNA synthesis but also with regard to enhancing glucose uptake. May play a role in synapse maturation. Ca(2+)-dependent exo [...] (158 aa)
POSTNPeriostin; Induces cell attachment and spreading and plays a role in cell adhesion. Enhances incorporation of BMP1 in the fibronectin matrix of connective tissues, and subsequent proteolytic activation of lysyl oxidase LOX (By similarity). (836 aa)
EDNRBEndothelin receptor type B; Non-specific receptor for endothelin 1, 2, and 3. Mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. Endothelin receptor subfamily. EDNRB sub-subfamily. (532 aa)
POU4F1POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 1; Multifunctional transcription factor with different regions mediating its different effects. Acts by binding (via its C-terminal domain) to sequences related to the consensus octamer motif 5'- ATGCAAAT-3' in the regulatory regions of its target genes. Regulates the expression of specific genes involved in differentiation and survival within a subset of neuronal lineages. It has been shown that activation of some of these genes requires its N-terminal domain, maybe through a neuronal-specific cofactor. Ativates BCL2 expression and protects ne [...] (419 aa)
PTF1APancreas transcription factor 1 subunit alpha; Transcription factor implicated in the cell fate determination in various organs. Binds to the E-box consensus sequence 5'-CANNTG-3'. Plays a role in early and late pancreas development and differentiation. Important for determining whether cells allocated to the pancreatic buds continue towards pancreatic organogenesis or revert back to duodenal fates. May be involved in the maintenance of exocrine pancreas-specific gene expression including ELA1 and amylase. Required for the formation of pancreatic acinar and ductal cells. Plays an impor [...] (328 aa)
KLF4Krueppel-like factor 4; Transcription factor; can act both as activator and as repressor. Binds the 5'-CACCC-3' core sequence. Binds to the promoter region of its own gene and can activate its own transcription. Regulates the expression of key transcription factors during embryonic development. Plays an important role in maintaining embryonic stem cells, and in preventing their differentiation. Required for establishing the barrier function of the skin and for postnatal maturation and maintenance of the ocular surface. Involved in the differentiation of epithelial cells and may also fu [...] (479 aa)
ELP1Elongator complex protein 1; Component of the RNA polymerase II elongator complex, a multiprotein complex associated with the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) holoenzyme, and which is involved in transcriptional elongation. The elongator complex catalyzes formation of carboxymethyluridine in the wobble base at position 34 in tRNAs. Involved in neurogenesis (By similarity). Regulates the migration and branching of projection neurons in the developing cerebral cortex, through a process depending on alpha- tubulin acetylation (By similarity). May act as a scaffold protein that may assemble acti [...] (1332 aa)
ATOH7Protein atonal homolog 7; Transcription factor involved in the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells. (152 aa)
LHX2LIM/homeobox protein Lhx2; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Stimulates the promoter of the alpha-glycoprotein gene. Transcriptional regulatory protein involved in the control of cell differentiation in developing lymphoid and neural cell types (By similarity). (406 aa)
SNCGGamma-synuclein; Plays a role in neurofilament network integrity. May be involved in modulating axonal architecture during development and in the adult. In vitro, increases the susceptibility of neurofilament-H to calcium-dependent proteases (By similarity). May also function in modulating the keratin network in skin. Activates the MAPK and Elk-1 signal transduction pathway (By similarity); Belongs to the synuclein family. (127 aa)
LHX3LIM/homeobox protein Lhx3; Acts as a transcriptional activator. Binds to and activates the promoter of the alpha-glycoprotein gene, and synergistically enhances transcription from the prolactin promoter in cooperation with POU1F1/Pit-1 (By similarity). Required for the establishment of the specialized cells of the pituitary gland and the nervous system. Involved in the development of interneurons and motor neurons in cooperation with LDB1 and ISL1. (402 aa)
NGFBeta-nerve growth factor; Nerve growth factor is important for the development and maintenance of the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. Extracellular ligand for the NTRK1 and NGFR receptors, activates cellular signaling cascades to regulate neuronal proliferation, differentiation and survival (Probable). The immature NGF precursor (proNGF) functions as ligand for the heterodimeric receptor formed by SORCS2 and NGFR, and activates cellular signaling cascades that lead to inactivation of RAC1 and/or RAC2, reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and neuronal growth cone collapse. [...] (241 aa)
NESNestin; Required for brain and eye development. Promotes the disassembly of phosphorylated vimentin intermediate filaments (IF) during mitosis and may play a role in the trafficking and distribution of IF proteins and other cellular factors to daughter cells during progenitor cell division. Required for survival, renewal and mitogen- stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells (By similarity). (1621 aa)
SOX15Protein SOX-15; Transcription factor that binds to DNA at the 5'-AACAATG-3' consensus sequence (By similarity). Acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor (By similarity). Binds synergistically with POU5F1 (OCT3/4) to gene promoters (By similarity). Binds to the FOXK1 promoter and recruits FHL3, resulting in transcriptional activation of FOXK1 which leads to myoblast proliferation (By similarity). Acts as an inhibitor of myoblast differentiation via transcriptional repression which leads to down-regulation of the muscle-specific genes MYOD and MYOG (By similarity). Involved in t [...] (233 aa)
NTRK3NT-3 growth factor receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in nervous system and probably heart development. Upon binding of its ligand NTF3/neurotrophin-3, NTRK3 autophosphorylates and activates different signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT and the MAPK pathways, that control cell survival and differentiation. (839 aa)
ELAVL3ELAV-like protein 3; RNA-binding protein that binds to AU-rich element (ARE) sequences of target mRNAs, including VEGF mRNA. May also bind poly-A tracts via RRM 3 (By similarity). May be involved in neuronal differentiation and maintenance (By similarity). Plays a role in the stabilization of GAP43 mRNA and in spatial learning (By similarity). (367 aa)
KCNQ2Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 2; Associates with KCNQ3 to form a potassium channel with essentially identical properties to the channel underlying the native M-current, a slowly activating and deactivating potassium conductance which plays a critical role in determining the subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons as well as the responsiveness to synaptic inputs. Therefore, it is important in the regulation of neuronal excitability. KCNQ2/KCNQ3 current is blocked by linopirdine and XE991, and activated by the anticonvulsant retigabine. As the native M-chan [...] (872 aa)
SYN3Synapsin-3; May be involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and synaptogenesis. (580 aa)
NR3C2Mineralocorticoid receptor; Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels; Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR3 subfamily. (984 aa)
OTX2Homeobox protein OTX2; Transcription factor probably involved in the development of the brain and the sense organs. Can bind to the bicoid/BCD target sequence (BTS): 5'-TCTAATCCC-3'. (297 aa)
CACNA2D1Voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1; The alpha-2/delta subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels regulates calcium current density and activation/inactivation kinetics of the calcium channel. Plays an important role in excitation- contraction coupling (By similarity). (1091 aa)
SOX12Transcription factor SOX-12; Binds to the sequence 5'-AACAAT-3'. (315 aa)
GFRA1GDNF family receptor alpha-1; Receptor for GDNF. Mediates the GDNF-induced autophosphorylation and activation of the RET receptor (By similarity). (465 aa)
NR4A2Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2; Transcriptional regulator which is important for the differentiation and maintenance of meso-diencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons during development. It is crucial for expression of a set of genes such as SLC6A3, SLC18A2, TH and DRD2 which are essential for development of mdDA neurons (By similarity); Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR4 subfamily. (598 aa)
TRPV2Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 2; Calcium-permeable, non-selective cation channel with an outward rectification. Seems to be regulated, at least in part, by IGF- I, PDGF and neuropeptide head activator. May transduce physical stimuli in mast cells. Activated by temperatures higher than 52 degrees Celsius; is not activated by vanilloids and acidic pH. (764 aa)
WNK1Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1; Serine/threonine kinase which plays an important role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, cell signaling, survival, and proliferation. Acts as an activator and inhibitor of sodium-coupled chloride cotransporters and potassium-coupled chloride cotransporters respectively. Activates SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1D and SGK1. Controls sodium and chloride ion transport by inhibiting the activity of WNK4, by either phosphorylating the kinase or via an interaction between WNK4 and the autoinhibitory domain of WNK1. WNK4 regulates the activity of the thia [...] (2634 aa)
RBPMSRNA-binding protein with multiple splicing; Acts as a coactivator of transcriptional activity. Required to increase TGFB1/Smad-mediated transactivation. Acts through SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 to increase transcriptional activity. Increases phosphorylation of SMAD2 and SMAD3 on their C-terminal SSXS motif, possibly through recruitment of TGFBR1. Promotes the nuclear accumulation of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins. Binds to poly(A) RNA. (219 aa)
EDN3Endothelin-3; Endothelins are endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptides. (238 aa)
OLIG2Oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2; Required for oligodendrocyte and motor neuron specification in the spinal cord, as well as for the development of somatic motor neurons in the hindbrain. Functions together with ZNF488 to promote oligodendrocyte differentiation. Cooperates with OLIG1 to establish the pMN domain of the embryonic neural tube. Antagonist of V2 interneuron and of NKX2-2-induced V3 interneuron development. (323 aa)
GRID1Glutamate receptor ionotropic, delta-1; Receptor for glutamate. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists; Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRID1 subfamily. (1009 aa)
POU3F2POU domain, class 3, transcription factor 2; Transcription factor that plays a key role in neuronal differentiation (By similarity). Binds preferentially to the recognition sequence which consists of two distinct half-sites, ('GCAT') and ('TAAT'), separated by a non-conserved spacer region of 0, 2, or 3 nucleotides (By similarity). The combination of three transcription factors, ASCL1, POU3F2/BRN2 and MYT1L, is sufficient to reprogram fibroblasts and other somatic cells into induced neuronal (iN) cells in vitro. Acts downstream of ASCL1, accessing chromatin that has been opened by ASCL [...] (443 aa)
SIX6Homeobox protein SIX6; May be involved in eye development. (246 aa)
TRPM8Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8; Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in detection of sensations such as coolness, by being activated by cold temperature below 25 degrees Celsius. Activated by icilin, eucalyptol, menthol, cold and modulation of intracellular pH. Involved in menthol sensation. Permeable for monovalent cations sodium, potassium, and cesium and divalent cation calcium. Temperature sensing is tightly linked to voltage-dependent gating. Activated upon depolarization, changes in temperature resulting in graded shifts of it [...] (1104 aa)
SOX2Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with OCT4 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206 (By similarity). Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG (By similarity). Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal (By similarity). Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differen [...] (317 aa)
EBF1Transcription factor COE1; Transcriptional activator which recognizes variations of the palindromic sequence 5'-ATTCCCNNGGGAATT-3'. (591 aa)
SOX11Transcription factor SOX-11; Transcriptional factor involved in the embryonic neurogenesis. May also have a role in tissue modeling during development. (441 aa)
NEUROG1Neurogenin-1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator. Involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'-CANNTG-3'). Associates with chromatin to enhancer regulatory elements in genes encoding key transcriptional regulators of neurogenesis (By similarity). (237 aa)
NEUROG2Neurogenin-2; Transcriptional regulator. Involved in neuronal differentiation. Activates transcription by binding to the E box (5'- CANNTG-3'). (272 aa)
SLC17A8Vesicular glutamate transporter 3; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (589 aa)
KLF7Krueppel-like factor 7; Transcriptional factor. Plays a critical role in neuronal morphogenesis and survival of sensory neurons (By similarity). Represses the corneal epithelium differentiation. Acts also as a metabolic regulator, by modulating insulin sensitivity in pancreatic beta cells and skeletal muscle cells. Inhibits transcriptional inducers of adipogenesis and has a repressive role in the expression of several adipokines, including leptin. (302 aa)
LDB2LIM domain-binding protein 2; Binds to the LIM domain of a wide variety of LIM domain- containing transcription factors. (373 aa)
SCN1ASodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. Plays a key role in brain, probably by regulating the moment when neurotransmitters are released in neurons. Involved in sensory perception of mechanical pain: activation in somatosensory neurons induces pain without neurogenic inflammatio [...] (2009 aa)
TACR1Substance-P receptor; This is a receptor for the tachykinin neuropeptide substance P. It is probably associated with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. The rank order of affinity of this receptor to tachykinins is: substance P > substance K > neuromedin-K; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (407 aa)
TRPV3Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 3; Putative receptor-activated non-selective calcium permeant cation channel. It is activated by innocuous (warm) temperatures and shows an increased response at noxious temperatures greater than 39 degrees Celsius. Activation exhibits an outward rectification. May associate with TRPV1 and may modulate its activity. Is a negative regulator of hair growth and cycling: TRPV3-coupled signaling suppresses keratinocyte proliferation in hair follicles and induces apoptosis and premature hair follicle regression (catagen). (791 aa)
FOXN4Forkhead box protein N4; Transcription factor essential for neural and some non-neural tissues development, such as retina and lung respectively. Binds to an 11-bp consensus sequence containing the invariant tetranucleotide 5'- ACGC-3'. During development of the central nervous system, is required to specify the amacrine and horizontal cell fates from multipotent retinal progenitors while suppressing the alternative photoreceptor cell fates through activating DLL4-NOTCH signaling. Also acts synergistically with ASCL1/MASH1 to activate DLL4-NOTCH signaling and drive commitment of p2 pro [...] (517 aa)
SYN1Synapsin-1; Neuronal phosphoprotein that coats synaptic vesicles, binds to the cytoskeleton, and is believed to function in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. The complex formed with NOS1 and CAPON proteins is necessary for specific nitric-oxid functions at a presynaptic level. (705 aa)
NEUROD1Neurogenic differentiation factor 1; Acts as a transcriptional activator: mediates transcriptional activation by binding to E box-containing promoter consensus core sequences 5'-CANNTG-3'. Associates with the p300/CBP transcription coactivator complex to stimulate transcription of the secretin gene as well as the gene encoding the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A. Contributes to the regulation of several cell differentiation pathways, like those that promote the formation of early retinal ganglion cells, inner ear sensory neurons, granule cells forming either the cerebellum or [...] (356 aa)
ISL2Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-2; Transcriptional factor that defines subclasses of motoneurons that segregate into columns in the spinal cord and select distinct axon pathways. (359 aa)
KITMast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit; Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for the cytokine KITLG/SCF and plays an essential role in the regulation of cell survival and proliferation, hematopoiesis, stem cell maintenance, gametogenesis, mast cell development, migration and function, and in melanogenesis. In response to KITLG/SCF binding, KIT can activate several signaling pathways. Phosphorylates PIK3R1, PLCG1, SH2B2/APS and CBL. Activates the AKT1 signaling pathway by phosphorylation of PIK3R1, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Activat [...] (976 aa)
POU4F2POU domain, class 4, transcription factor 2; Tissue-specific DNA-binding transcription factor involved in the development and differentiation of target cells. Functions either as activator or repressor modulating the rate of target gene transcription through RNA polymerase II enzyme in a promoter-dependent manner. Binds to the consensus octamer motif 5'-AT[A/T]A[T/A]T[A/T]A-3' of promoter of target genes. Plays a fundamental role in the gene regulatory network essential for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Binds to an octamer site to form a ternary complex with ISL1; cooper [...] (409 aa)
NTRK2BDNF/NT-3 growth factors receptor; Receptor tyrosine kinase involved in the development and the maturation of the central and the peripheral nervous systems through regulation of neuron survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and synapse formation and plasticity (By similarity). Receptor for BDNF/brain-derived neurotrophic factor and NTF4/neurotrophin-4. Alternatively can also bind NTF3/neurotrophin-3 which is less efficient in activating the receptor but regulates neuron survival through NTRK2. Upon ligand- binding, undergoes homodimerization, autophosphorylation and acti [...] (838 aa)
MEIS1Homeobox protein Meis1; Acts as a transcriptional regulator of PAX6. Acts as a transcriptional activator of PF4 in complex with PBX1 or PBX2. Required for hematopoiesis, megakaryocyte lineage development and vascular patterning. May function as a cofactor for HOXA7 and HOXA9 in the induction of myeloid leukemias. (390 aa)
BBS4Bardet-Biedl syndrome 4 protein; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the guanosyl ex [...] (519 aa)
ASCL1Achaete-scute homolog 1; Transcription factor that plays a key role in neuronal differentiation: acts as a pioneer transcription factor, accessing closed chromatin to allow other factors to bind and activate neural pathways. Directly binds the E box motif (5'-CANNTG-3') on promoters and promotes transcription of neuronal genes. The combination of three transcription factors, ASCL1, POU3F2/BRN2 and MYT1L, is sufficient to reprogram fibroblasts and other somatic cells into induced neuronal (iN) cells in vitro. Plays a role at early stages of development of specific neural lineages in mos [...] (236 aa)
FGF2Fibroblast growth factor 2; Acts as a ligand for FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4. Also acts as an integrin ligand which is required for FGF2 signaling. Binds to integrin ITGAV:ITGB3. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, cell division, cell differentiation and cell migration. Functions as a potent mitogen in vitro. Can induce angiogenesis. (288 aa)
P2RX3P2X purinoceptor 3; Receptor for ATP that acts as a ligand-gated cation channel. Plays a role in sensory perception. Required for normal perception of pain. Required for normal taste perception (By similarity). (397 aa)
ARVCFArmadillo repeat protein deleted in velo-cardio-facial syndrome; Involved in protein-protein interactions at adherens junctions; Belongs to the beta-catenin family. (962 aa)
SLC17A6Vesicular glutamate transporter 2; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. Belongs to the major facilitator superfamily. Sodium/anion cotransporter family. VGLUT subfamily. (582 aa)
SPTLC1Serine palmitoyltransferase 1; Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT). The heterodimer formed with SPTLC2 or SPTLC3 constitutes the catalytic core. The composition of the serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) complex determines the substrate preference. The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSA complex shows a strong preference for C16-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSA isozyme uses both C14-CoA and C16-CoA as substrates, with a slight preference for C14-CoA. The SPTLC1-SPTLC2-SPTSSB complex shows a strong preference for C18-CoA substrate, while the SPTLC1-SPTLC3-SPTSSB isozyme displays an ability to [...] (473 aa)
TRPA1Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1; Receptor-activated non-selective cation channel involved in pain detection and possibly also in cold perception, oxygen concentration perception, cough, itch, and inner ear function. Shows 8-fold preference for divalent over monovalent cations. Has a central role in the pain response to endogenous inflammatory mediators and to a diverse array of irritants, such as allylthiocyanate (AITC) from mustard oil or wasabi, cinnamaldehyde, diallyl disulfide (DADS) from garlic, and acrolein, an irritant from tears gas and vehicule [...] (1119 aa)
VSX2Visual system homeobox 2; Acts as a transcriptional regulator through binding to DNA at the consensus sequence 5'-[TC]TAATT[AG][AG]-3' upstream of gene promoters. Plays a significant role in the specification and morphogenesis of the sensory retina (By similarity). Mediates differentiation of V2a interneurons by repression of motor neuron gene transcription, via competitively binding to response elements that are activated by the ISL1-LHX3 complex, such as VSX1. Acts as a positive transcriptional regulator of NXNL1; regulation is significantly increased in synergy with VSX1 (By similar [...] (361 aa)
SIX3Homeobox protein SIX3; Transcriptional regulator which can act as both a transcriptional repressor and activator by binding a ATTA homeodomain core recognition sequence on these target genes. During forebrain development represses WNT1 expression allowing zona limitans intrathalamica formation and thereby ensuring proper anterio-posterior patterning of the diencephalon and formation of the rostral diencephalon. Acts as a direct upstream activator of SHH expression in the rostral diencephalon ventral midline and that in turn SHH maintains its expression. In addition, Six3 activity is re [...] (332 aa)
POU5F1POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1; Transcription factor that binds to the octamer motif (5'- ATTTGCAT-3'). Forms a trimeric complex with SOX2 or SOX15 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206. Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Belongs to the POU transcription factor family. Class-5 subfamily. (360 aa)
PRDM12PR domain zinc finger protein 12; Involved in the positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation. (367 aa)
SOX9Transcription factor SOX-9; Transcriptional regulator that plays a role in chondrocytes differentiation and skeletal development. Binds to the COL2A1 promoter and activates COL2A1 expression, as part of a complex with ZNF219 (By similarity). (509 aa)
ISL1Insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1; DNA-binding transcriptional activator. Recognizes and binds to the consensus octamer binding site 5'-ATAATTAA-3' in promoter of target genes. Plays a fundamental role in the gene regulatory network essential for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) differentiation. Cooperates with the transcription factor POU4F2 to achieve maximal levels of expression of RGC target genes and RGC fate specification in the developing retina. Involved in the specification of motor neurons in cooperation with LHX3 and LDB1. Binds to insulin gene enhancer sequences. Essential for [...] (349 aa)
NANOGHomeobox protein NANOG; Transcription regulator involved in inner cell mass and embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferation and self-renewal. Imposes pluripotency on ES cells and prevents their differentiation towards extraembryonic endoderm and trophectoderm lineages. Blocks bone morphogenetic protein-induced mesoderm differentiation of ES cells by physically interacting with SMAD1 and interfering with the recruitment of coactivators to the active SMAD transcriptional complexes. Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Binds optimally to the DNA consensus sequence 5'-TAAT[GT][GT] [...] (305 aa)
ASIC1Acid-sensing ion channel 1; Isoform 2 and isoform 3 function as proton-gated sodium channels; they are activated by a drop of the extracellular pH and then become rapidly desensitized. The channel generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. Has high selectivity for sodium ions and can also transport lithium ions with high efficiency. Isoform 2 can also transport potassium, but with lower efficiency. It is nearly impermeable to the larger rubidium and cesium ions. Isoform 3 can also transport calcium ions. Mediates glutamate- independent Ca(2+) entr [...] (574 aa)
PHOX2BPaired mesoderm homeobox protein 2B; Involved in the development of several major noradrenergic neuron populations, including the locus coeruleus. Transcription factor which could determine a neurotransmitter phenotype in vertebrates. Enhances second-messenger-mediated activation of the dopamine beta- hydrolase and c-fos promoters, and of several enhancers including cAMP- response element and serum-response element; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (314 aa)
TMEM97Sigma intracellular receptor 2; Intracellular orphan receptor that binds numerous drugs and which is highly expressed in various proliferating cancer cells. Corresponds to the sigma-2 receptor, which is thought to play important role in regulating cell survival, morphology and differentiation. Under investigation for its potential diagnostic and therapeutic uses. May play a role as a regulator of cellular cholesterol homeostasis. May function as sterol isomerase. May alter the activity of some cytochrome P450 proteins. (176 aa)
COL1A1Collagen alpha-1(I) chain; Type I collagen is a member of group I collagen (fibrillar forming collagen). (1464 aa)
ASIC2Acid-sensing ion channel 2; Cation channel with high affinity for sodium, which is gated by extracellular protons and inhibited by the diuretic amiloride. Also permeable for Li(+) and K(+). Generates a biphasic current with a fast inactivating and a slow sustained phase. Heteromeric channel assembly seems to modulate. (563 aa)
CRXCone-rod homeobox protein; Transcription factor that binds and transactivates the sequence 5'-TAATC[CA]-3' which is found upstream of several photoreceptor-specific genes, including the opsin genes. Acts synergistically with other transcription factors, such as NRL, RORB and RAX, to regulate photoreceptor cell-specific gene transcription. Essential for the maintenance of mammalian photoreceptors. Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (299 aa)
SLC17A7Vesicular glutamate transporter 1; Mediates the uptake of glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic nerve terminals of excitatory neural cells. May also mediate the transport of inorganic phosphate. (560 aa)
BDKRB1B1 bradykinin receptor; This is a receptor for bradykinin. Could be a factor in chronic pain and inflammation. (353 aa)
NGFRTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 16; Low affinity receptor which can bind to NGF, BDNF, NTF3, and NTF4. Forms a heterodimeric receptor with SORCS2 that binds the precursor forms of NGF, BDNF and NTF3 with high affinity, and has much lower affinity for mature NGF and BDNF. Plays an important role in differentiation and survival of specific neuronal populations during development (By similarity). Can mediate cell survival as well as cell death of neural cells. Plays a role in the inactivation of RHOA. Plays a role in the regulation of the translocation of GLUT4 to the ce [...] (427 aa)
LDB1LIM domain-binding protein 1; Binds to the LIM domain of a wide variety of LIM domain- containing transcription factors. May regulate the transcriptional activity of LIM-containing proteins by determining specific partner interactions. Plays a role in the development of interneurons and motor neurons in cooperation with LHX3 and ISL1. Acts synergistically with LHX1/LIM1 in axis formation and activation of gene expression. Acts with LMO2 in the regulation of red blood cell development, maintaining erythroid precursors in an immature state (By similarity). Belongs to the LDB family. (411 aa)
TFAP2ATranscription factor AP-2-alpha; Sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to regulate transcription of selected genes. AP-2 factors bind to the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3' and activate genes involved in a large spectrum of important biological functions including proper eye, face, body wall, limb and neural tube development. They also suppress a number of genes including MCAM/MUC18, C/EBP alpha and MYC. AP-2-alpha is the only AP-2 protein required for early morphogenesis of the lens vesicle. Together with the CITED2 [...] (437 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
Server load: low (18%) [HD]
STRING is a Core Data Resource as designated by Global Biodata Coalition and ELIXIR.