STRINGSTRING
PRPH2 PRPH2 CNGB1 CNGB1 GNAT2 GNAT2 PDE6A PDE6A CDH3 CDH3 AHI1 AHI1 PDE6H PDE6H CNGA3 CNGA3 CDH15 CDH15 BBS5 BBS5 RHO RHO USH2A USH2A CNGB3 CNGB3 BBS1 BBS1 PRPF31 PRPF31 FSCN2 FSCN2 CERKL CERKL ATF6 ATF6 OPN1LW OPN1LW COL11A1 COL11A1 ABCA4 ABCA4 EYS EYS PDE6C PDE6C ACBD5 ACBD5 RPGRIP1 RPGRIP1 FAM161A FAM161A MYO7A MYO7A BEST1 BEST1 GPR143 GPR143 PDE6B PDE6B SFTA3 SFTA3 FZD4 FZD4 TRPM1 TRPM1 RDH12 RDH12 PRPF8 PRPF8 PRCD PRCD OPN1MW OPN1MW NR2E3 NR2E3 RPGR RPGR
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
protein homology
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PRPH2Peripherin-2; Essential for retina photoreceptor outer segment disk morphogenesis, may also play a role with ROM1 in the maintenance of outer segment disk structure (By similarity). Required for the maintenance of retinal outer nuclear layer thickness (By similarity). Required for the correct development and organization of the photoreceptor inner segment (By similarity). Belongs to the PRPH2/ROM1 family. (346 aa)
CNGB1Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1; Subunit of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, nonselective cation channels, which play important roles in both visual and olfactory signal transduction. When associated with CNGA1, it is involved in the regulation of ion flow into the rod photoreceptor outer segment (ROS), in response to light-induced alteration of the levels of intracellular cGMP. (1251 aa)
GNAT2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Transducin is an amplifier and one of the transducers of a visual impulse that performs the coupling between rhodopsin and cGMP- phosphodiesterase. (354 aa)
PDE6ARod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha; This protein participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. (860 aa)
CDH3Cadherin-3; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. (829 aa)
AHI1Jouberin; Involved in vesicle trafficking and required for ciliogenesis, formation of primary non-motile cilium, and recruitment of RAB8A to the basal body of primary cilium. Component of the tectonic-like complex, a complex localized at the transition zone of primary cilia and acting as a barrier that prevents diffusion of transmembrane proteins between the cilia and plasma membranes. Involved in neuronal differentiation. As a positive modulator of classical Wnt signaling, may play a crucial role in ciliary signaling during cerebellum embryonic development. (1196 aa)
PDE6HRetinal cone rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma; Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G- protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones; Belongs to the rod/cone cGMP-PDE gamma subunit family. (83 aa)
CNGA3Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3; Visual signal transduction is mediated by a G-protein coupled cascade using cGMP as second messenger. This protein can be activated by cyclic GMP which leads to an opening of the cation channel and thereby causing a depolarization of cone photoreceptors. Induced a flickering channel gating, weakened the outward rectification in the presence of extracellular calcium, increased sensitivity for L-cis diltiazem and enhanced the cAMP efficacy of the channel when coexpressed with CNGB3 (By similarity). Essential for the generation of light-evok [...] (694 aa)
CDH15Cadherin-15; Cadherins are calcium-dependent cell adhesion proteins. They preferentially interact with themselves in a homophilic manner in connecting cells; cadherins may thus contribute to the sorting of heterogeneous cell types. M-cadherin is part of the myogenic program and may provide a trigger for terminal muscle differentiation. (814 aa)
BBS5Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 protein; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the guanosyl ex [...] (341 aa)
RHORhodopsin; Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light- induced isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans- retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. (348 aa)
USH2AUsherin; Involved in hearing and vision as member of the USH2 complex. In the inner ear, required for the maintenance of the hair bundle ankle formation, which connects growing stereocilia in developing cochlear hair cells. In retina photoreceptors, the USH2 complex is required for the maintenance of periciliary membrane complex that seems to play a role in regulating intracellular protein transport. (5202 aa)
CNGB3Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-3; Visual signal transduction is mediated by a G-protein coupled cascade using cGMP as second messenger. This protein can be activated by cGMP which leads to an opening of the cation channel and thereby causing a depolarization of rod photoreceptors. Induced a flickering channel gating, weakened the outward rectification in the presence of extracellular calcium, increased sensitivity for L-cis diltiazem and enhanced the cAMP efficiency of the channel when coexpressed with CNGA3 (By similarity). Essential for the generation of light-evoked ele [...] (809 aa)
BBS1Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 protein; The BBSome complex is thought to function as a coat complex required for sorting of specific membrane proteins to the primary cilia. The BBSome complex is required for ciliogenesis but is dispensable for centriolar satellite function. This ciliogenic function is mediated in part by the Rab8 GDP/GTP exchange factor, which localizes to the basal body and contacts the BBSome. Rab8(GTP) enters the primary cilium and promotes extension of the ciliary membrane. Firstly the BBSome associates with the ciliary membrane and binds to RAB3IP/Rabin8, the guanosyl ex [...] (593 aa)
PRPF31U4/U6 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein Prp31; Involved in pre-mRNA splicing as component of the spliceosome. Required for the assembly of the U4/U5/U6 tri-snRNP complex, one of the building blocks of the spliceosome. (499 aa)
FSCN2Fascin-2; Acts as an actin bundling protein. May play a pivotal role in photoreceptor cell-specific events, such as disk morphogenesis. (516 aa)
CERKLCeramide kinase-like protein; Has no detectable ceramide-kinase activity. Overexpression of CERKL protects cells from apoptosis in oxidative stress conditions. (558 aa)
ATF6Processed cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha; Transmembrane glycoprotein of the endoplasmic reticulum that functions as a transcription activator and initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cleaved upon ER stress, the N-terminal processed cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha translocates to the nucleus where it activates transcription of genes involved in the UPR. Binds DNA on the 5'-CCAC[GA]-3'half of the ER stress response element (ERSE) (5'-CCAAT- N(9)-CCAC[GA]-3') and of ERSE II (5'-ATTGG-N-CCACG-3'). Bi [...] (670 aa)
OPN1LWLong-wave-sensitive opsin 1; Visual pigments are the light-absorbing molecules that mediate vision. They consist of an apoprotein, opsin, covalently linked to cis-retinal. (364 aa)
COL11A1Collagen alpha-1(XI) chain; May play an important role in fibrillogenesis by controlling lateral growth of collagen II fibrils. (1806 aa)
ABCA4Retinal-specific phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA4; Catalyzes the translocation of specific phospholipids from the extracellular/lumenal to the cytoplasmic leaflet of membrane coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP. Transports preferentially phosphatidylethanolamine. In the visual cycle, acts as an inward-directed retinoid flipase, retinoid substrates imported by ABCA4 from the extracellular or intradiscal (rod) membrane surfaces to the cytoplasmic membrane surface are all- trans-retinaldehyde (ATR) and N-retinyl-phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (NR- PE). Once transported to the cytoplasmic su [...] (2273 aa)
EYSProtein eyes shut homolog; Required to maintain the integrity of photoreceptor cells. Specifically required for normal morphology of the photoreceptor ciliary pocket, and might thus facilitate protein trafficking between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments via the transition zone (By similarity); Belongs to the EYS family. (3165 aa)
PDE6CCone cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha; As cone-specific cGMP phosphodiesterase, it plays an essential role in light detection and cone phototransduction by rapidly decreasing intracellular levels of cGMP. (858 aa)
ACBD5Acyl-CoA-binding domain-containing protein 5; Acyl-CoA binding protein which acts as the peroxisome receptor for pexophagy but is dispensable for aggrephagy and nonselective autophagy. Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters. (534 aa)
RPGRIP1X-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator-interacting protein 1; May function as scaffolding protein. Required for normal location of RPGR at the connecting cilium of photoreceptor cells. Required for normal disk morphogenesis and disk organization in the outer segment of photoreceptor cells and for survival of photoreceptor cells; Belongs to the RPGRIP1 family. (1286 aa)
FAM161AProtein FAM161A; Involved in ciliogenesis. (716 aa)
MYO7AUnconventional myosin-VIIa; Myosins are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity. Unconventional myosins serve in intracellular movements. Their highly divergent tails bind to membranous compartments, which are then moved relative to actin filaments. In the retina, plays an important role in the renewal of the outer photoreceptor disks. Plays an important role in the distribution and migration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) melanosomes and phagosomes, and in the regulation of opsin transport in retinal photoreceptors. In the inner ear, plays an important role in differenti [...] (2215 aa)
BEST1Bestrophin-1; Forms calcium-sensitive chloride channels. Highly permeable to bicarbonate. (604 aa)
GPR143G-protein coupled receptor 143; Receptor for tyrosine, L-DOPA and dopamine. After binding to L-DOPA, stimulates Ca(2+) influx into the cytoplasm, increases secretion of the neurotrophic factor SERPINF1 and relocalizes beta arrestin at the plasma membrane; this ligand-dependent signaling occurs through a G(q)-mediated pathway in melanocytic cells. Its activity is mediated by G proteins which activate the phosphoinositide signaling pathway. Plays also a role as an intracellular G protein-coupled receptor involved in melanosome biogenesis, organization and transport. (404 aa)
PDE6BRod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta; This protein participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Necessary for the formation of a functional phosphodiesterase holoenzyme; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. (854 aa)
SFTA3Surfactant-associated protein 3; Putative surfactant protein. May be involved in wound healing and in the reduction of the surface tension at the ocular surface. (94 aa)
FZD4Frizzled-4; Receptor for Wnt proteins. Most frizzled receptors are coupled to the beta-catenin (CTNNB1) canonical signaling pathway, which leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin (CTNNB1) and activation of Wnt target genes. Plays a critical role in retinal vascularization by acting as a receptor for Wnt proteins and norrin (NDP) (By similarity). In retina, it can be activated by Wnt protein-binding and also by Wnt-independent signaling via binding of norrin (NDP), promoting in both cases beta-catenin (CTNNB1) accu [...] (537 aa)
TRPM1Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 1; Cation channel essential for the depolarizing photoresponse of retinal ON bipolar cells. It is part of the GRM6 signaling cascade. May play a role in metastasis suppression (By similarity). May act as a spontaneously active, calcium-permeable plasma membrane channel. (1642 aa)
RDH12Retinol dehydrogenase 12; Retinoids dehydrogenase/reductase with a clear preference for NADP. Displays high activity towards 9-cis, 11-cis and all-trans- retinal. Shows very weak activity towards 13-cis-retinol. Also exhibits activity, albeit with lower affinity than for retinaldehydes, towards lipid peroxidation products (C9 aldehydes) such as 4-hydroxynonenal and trans-2-nonenal. May play an important function in photoreceptor cells to detoxify 4-hydroxynonenal and potentially other toxic aldehyde products resulting from lipid peroxidation. Has no dehydrogenase activity towards stero [...] (316 aa)
PRPF8Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8; Plays role in pre-mRNA splicing as core component of precatalytic, catalytic and postcatalytic spliceosomal complexes, both of the predominant U2-type spliceosome and the minor U12-type spliceosome. Functions as a scaffold that mediates the ordered assembly of spliceosomal proteins and snRNAs. Required for the assembly of the U4/U6-U5 tri-snRNP complex, a building block of the spliceosome. Functions as scaffold that positions spliceosomal U2, U5 and U6 snRNAs at splice sites on pre-mRNA substrates, so that splicing can occur. Interacts with both t [...] (2335 aa)
PRCDPhotoreceptor disk component PRCD; Involved in vision; Belongs to the PRCD family. (54 aa)
OPN1MWOpsin 1, medium wave sensitive. (364 aa)
NR2E3Photoreceptor-specific nuclear receptor; Orphan nuclear receptor of retinal photoreceptor cells. Transcriptional factor that is an activator of rod development and repressor of cone development. Binds the promoter region of a number of rod- and cone-specific genes, including rhodopsin, M- and S-opsin and rod-specific phosphodiesterase beta subunit. Enhances rhodopsin expression. Represses M- and S-cone opsin expression. Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (410 aa)
RPGRX-linked retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator; Could be a guanine-nucleotide releasing factor. Plays a role in ciliogenesis. Probably regulates cilia formation by regulating actin stress filaments and cell contractility. Plays an important role in photoreceptor integrity. May play a critical role in spermatogenesis and in intraflagellar transport processes (By similarity). May be involved in microtubule organization and regulation of transport in primary cilia. (1152 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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