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ALDH3A1 ALDH3A1 CYP26A1 CYP26A1 TBP TBP RARS1 RARS1 RDH10 RDH10 KRT12 KRT12 RARA RARA DSG1 DSG1 RB1 RB1 SPINK7 SPINK7 PPARG PPARG FABP5 FABP5 ALDH1A1 ALDH1A1 GUSB GUSB KRT2 KRT2 PPARD PPARD SOX2 SOX2 MAF MAF ALDH1A3 ALDH1A3 RARB RARB RXRG RXRG KRT19 KRT19 MKI67 MKI67 RXRB RXRB PPARA PPARA RARG RARG MITF MITF KRT3 KRT3 RXRA RXRA ADH7 ADH7 ELOVL7 ELOVL7 KRT4 KRT4 STRA6 STRA6 CYP1B1 CYP1B1 CRABP2 CRABP2 PAX6 PAX6
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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ALDH3A1Aldehyde dehydrogenase, dimeric NADP-preferring; ALDHs play a major role in the detoxification of alcohol- derived acetaldehyde (Probable). They are involved in the metabolism of corticosteroids, biogenic amines, neurotransmitters, and lipid peroxidation (Probable). Oxidizes medium and long chain aldehydes into non-toxic fatty acids. Preferentially oxidizes aromatic aldehyde substrates. Comprises about 50 percent of corneal epithelial soluble proteins (By similarity). May play a role in preventing corneal damage caused by ultraviolet light (By similarity). (453 aa)
CYP26A1Cytochrome P450 26A1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA), a signaling molecule that binds to retinoic acid receptors and regulates gene transcription. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH- ferrihemoprotein reductase). Catalyzes the hydroxylation of carbon hydrogen bonds of atRA primarily at C-4 and C-18. Has no activity toward 9-cis and 13-cis retinoic acid st [...] (497 aa)
TBPTATA-box-binding protein; General transcription factor that functions at the core of the DNA-binding multiprotein factor TFIID. Binding of TFIID to the TATA box is the initial transcriptional step of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), playing a role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Component of a BRF2-containing transcription factor complex that regulates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III. Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, which is involved in the assembly of the PIC (pre-initiation complex) during RNA polymerase [...] (339 aa)
RARS1Arginine--tRNA ligase, cytoplasmic; Forms part of a macromolecular complex that catalyzes the attachment of specific amino acids to cognate tRNAs during protein synthesis. Modulates the secretion of AIMP1 and may be involved in generation of the inflammatory cytokine EMAP2 from AIMP1. (660 aa)
RDH10Retinol dehydrogenase 10; Retinol dehydrogenase with a clear preference for NADP. Converts all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal. Has no detectable activity towards 11-cis-retinol, 9-cis-retinol and 13-cis-retinol. (341 aa)
KRT12Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 12; May play a unique role in maintaining the normal corneal epithelial function. Together with KRT3, essential for the maintenance of corneal epithelium integrity (By similarity). (494 aa)
RARARetinoic acid receptor alpha; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9- cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, the RXR-RAR heterodimers associate with a multiprotein complex containing transcription corepressors that induce histone deacetylation, chromatin condensation and transcr [...] (462 aa)
DSG1Desmoglein-1; Component of intercellular desmosome junctions. Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. (1049 aa)
RB1Retinoblastoma-associated protein; Key regulator of entry into cell division that acts as a tumor suppressor. Promotes G0-G1 transition when phosphorylated by CDK3/cyclin-C. Acts as a transcription repressor of E2F1 target genes. The underphosphorylated, active form of RB1 interacts with E2F1 and represses its transcription activity, leading to cell cycle arrest. Directly involved in heterochromatin formation by maintaining overall chromatin structure and, in particular, that of constitutive heterochromatin by stabilizing histone methylation. Recruits and targets histone methyltransfer [...] (928 aa)
SPINK7Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 7; Probable serine protease inhibitor. (85 aa)
PPARGPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma; Nuclear receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the nuclear receptor binds to DNA specific PPAR response elements (PPRE) and modulates the transcription of its target genes, such as acyl-CoA oxidase. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis. ARF6 acts as a key regulator of the tissue-specific adipocyte P2 (aP2) enhancer. Acts as a critical regulator of gut ho [...] (505 aa)
FABP5Fatty acid-binding protein 5; Intracellular carrier for long-chain fatty acids and related active lipids, such as the endocannabinoid, that regulates the metabolism and actions of the ligands they bind. In addition to the cytosolic transport, selectively delivers specific fatty acids from the cytosol to the nucleus, wherein they activate nuclear receptors. Delivers retinoic acid to the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; which promotes proliferation and survival. May also serve as a synaptic carrier of endocannabinoid at central synapses and thus controls [...] (135 aa)
ALDH1A1Retinal dehydrogenase 1; Can convert/oxidize retinaldehyde to retinoic acid. Binds free retinal and cellular retinol-binding protein-bound retinal (By similarity). May have a broader specificity and oxidize other aldehydes in vivo. (501 aa)
GUSBBeta-glucuronidase; Plays an important role in the degradation of dermatan and keratan sulfates; Belongs to the glycosyl hydrolase 2 family. (651 aa)
KRT2Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 2 epidermal; Probably contributes to terminal cornification. Associated with keratinocyte activation, proliferation and keratinization. Plays a role in the establishment of the epidermal barrier on plantar skin (By similarity). (639 aa)
PPARDPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma- linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand. Belongs to the nuclear hormone [...] (441 aa)
SOX2Transcription factor SOX-2; Transcription factor that forms a trimeric complex with OCT4 on DNA and controls the expression of a number of genes involved in embryonic development such as YES1, FGF4, UTF1 and ZFP206 (By similarity). Binds to the proximal enhancer region of NANOG (By similarity). Critical for early embryogenesis and for embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Downstream SRRT target that mediates the promotion of neural stem cell self-renewal (By similarity). Keeps neural cells undifferentiated by counteracting the activity of proneural proteins and suppresses neuronal differen [...] (317 aa)
MAFTranscription factor Maf; Acts as a transcriptional activator or repressor. Involved in embryonic lens fiber cell development. Recruits the transcriptional coactivators CREBBP and/or EP300 to crystallin promoters leading to up- regulation of crystallin gene during lens fiber cell differentiation. Activates the expression of IL4 in T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Increases T- cell susceptibility to apoptosis by interacting with MYB and decreasing BCL2 expression. Together with PAX6, transactivates strongly the glucagon gene promoter through the G1 element. Activates transcription of the CD13 pr [...] (403 aa)
ALDH1A3Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3; NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase that catalyzes the formation of retinoic acid. Has high activity with all-trans retinal, and has much lower in vitro activity with acetaldehyde. Required for the biosynthesis of normal levels of retinoic acid in the embryonic ocular and nasal regions; retinoic acid is required for normal embryonic development of the eye and the nasal region (By similarity). (512 aa)
RARBRetinoic acid receptor beta; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RXR/RAR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence or presence of hormone ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. The RXRA/RARB heterodimer can act as a repressor on the DR1 element [...] (448 aa)
RXRGRetinoic acid receptor RXR-gamma; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. The high affinity ligand for RXRs is 9-cis retinoic acid (By similarity). (463 aa)
KRT19Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 19; Involved in the organization of myofibers. Together with KRT8, helps to link the contractile apparatus to dystrophin at the costameres of striated muscle; Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (400 aa)
MKI67Proliferation marker protein Ki-67; Required to maintain individual mitotic chromosomes dispersed in the cytoplasm following nuclear envelope disassembly. Associates with the surface of the mitotic chromosome, the perichromosomal layer, and covers a substantial fraction of the chromosome surface. Prevents chromosomes from collapsing into a single chromatin mass by forming a steric and electrostatic charge barrier: the protein has a high net electrical charge and acts as a surfactant, dispersing chromosomes and enabling independent chromosome motility. Binds DNA, with a preference for s [...] (3256 aa)
RXRBRetinoic acid receptor RXR-beta; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE); Belongs to the nuclear hormone receptor family. NR2 subfamily. (537 aa)
PPARAPeroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn- glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the ACOX1 and P450 genes. Transactivation activity requires heterodimerization with RXRA and [...] (468 aa)
RARGRetinoic acid receptor gamma; Receptor for retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptors bind as heterodimers to their target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, and regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5. In the absence of ligand, acts mainly as an activator of gene expression due to weak binding to corepressors. Required for limb bud development. In concert with RARA or RARB, required for skeletal [...] (454 aa)
MITFMicrophthalmia-associated transcription factor; Transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes with essential roles in cell differentiation, proliferation and survival. Binds to M-boxes (5'-TCATGTG-3') and symmetrical DNA sequences (E-boxes) (5'-CACGTG-3') found in the promoters of target genes, such as BCL2 and tyrosinase (TYR). Plays an important role in melanocyte development by regulating the expression of tyrosinase (TYR) and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1). Plays a critical role in the differentiation of various cell types, such as neural crest-derived melanocyt [...] (526 aa)
KRT3Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 3; Keratin 3; Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (628 aa)
RXRARetinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha; Receptor for retinoic acid that acts as a transcription factor. Forms homo- or heterodimers with retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and binds to target response elements in response to their ligands, all-trans or 9-cis retinoic acid, to regulate gene expression in various biological processes. The RAR/RXR heterodimers bind to the retinoic acid response elements (RARE) composed of tandem 5'-AGGTCA-3' sites known as DR1-DR5 to regulate transcription. The high affinity ligand for retinoid X receptors (RXRs) is 9-cis retinoic acid. In the absence of ligand, th [...] (462 aa)
ADH7All-trans-retinol dehydrogenase [NAD(+)] ADH7; Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of all-trans-retinol, alcohol, and omega-hydroxy fatty acids and their derivatives. Oxidizes preferentially all trans-retinol, all-trans-4-hydroxyretinol, 9-cis- retinol, 2-hexenol, and long chain omega-hydroxy fatty acids such as juniperic acid. In vitro can also catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of all-trans- retinal and aldehydes and their derivatives. Reduces preferentially all trans- retinal, all-trans-4-oxoretinal and hexanal. Catalyzes in the oxidative direction with higher efficiency. Ther [...] (394 aa)
ELOVL7Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 7; Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting reaction of the four reactions that constitute the long-chain fatty acids elongation cycle. This endoplasmic reticulum-bound enzymatic process allows the addition of 2 carbons to the chain of long- and very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) per cycle. Condensing enzyme with higher activity toward C18 acyl-CoAs, especially C18:3(n-3) acyl-CoAs and C18:3(n-6)-CoAs. Also active toward C20:4-, C18:0-, C18:1-, C18:2- and C16:0-CoAs, and weakly toward C20:0-CoA. Little or no activity toward C22:0-, C24:0 [...] (281 aa)
KRT4Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 4; Keratin 4; Belongs to the intermediate filament family. (520 aa)
STRA6Receptor for retinol uptake STRA6; Functions as retinol transporter. Accepts all-trans retinol from the extracellular retinol-binding protein RBP4, facilitates retinol transport across the cell membrane, and then transfers retinol to the cytoplasmic retinol-binding protein RBP1. Retinol uptake is enhanced by LRAT, an enzyme that converts retinol to all-trans retinyl esters, the storage forms of vitamin A. Contributes to the activation of a signaling cascade that depends on retinol transport and LRAT-dependent generation of retinol metabolites that then trigger activation of JAK2 and it [...] (706 aa)
CYP1B1Cytochrome P450 1B1; A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of various endogenous substrates, including fatty acids, steroid hormones and vitamins. Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH--hemoprotein reductase). Exhibits catalytic activity for the formation of hydroxyestrogens from estrone (E1) and 17beta-estradiol (E2), namely 2- and 4-hydroxy E1 and E2. Displays a predominant hydroxylase activity towar [...] (543 aa)
CRABP2Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 2; Transports retinoic acid to the nucleus. Regulates the access of retinoic acid to the nuclear retinoic acid receptors. (138 aa)
PAX6Paired box protein Pax-6; Transcription factor with important functions in the development of the eye, nose, central nervous system and pancreas. Required for the differentiation of pancreatic islet alpha cells (By similarity). Competes with PAX4 in binding to a common element in the glucagon, insulin and somatostatin promoters. Regulates specification of the ventral neuron subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains (By similarity). Isoform 5a appears to function as a molecular switch that specifies target genes; Belongs to the paired homeobox family. (436 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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