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PGD PGD IDH1 IDH1 OGDH OGDH INS INS PDP1 PDP1 SUCLG1 SUCLG1 G6PD G6PD PDHA1 PDHA1 FOXO1 FOXO1 CS CS MAPT MAPT FOXO3 FOXO3 CHAT CHAT DLST DLST IDH2 IDH2 PKM PKM PANK2 PANK2 SLC5A6 SLC5A6 ACO1 ACO1 PDHB PDHB HDAC3 HDAC3 IDH3A IDH3A PDPR PDPR APP APP DLAT DLAT APOE APOE PDHX PDHX IDH3G IDH3G ACO2 ACO2 DLD DLD PDK4 PDK4 SNCA SNCA PDK3 PDK3 SUCLA2 SUCLA2 IDH3B IDH3B SCX SCX H6PD H6PD PDK2 PDK2 SUCLG2 SUCLG2
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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experimentally determined
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PGD6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating; Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate and CO(2), with concomitant reduction of NADP to NADPH. (483 aa)
IDH1Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1. (414 aa)
OGDH2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (E1) component of the 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, which mediates the decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2- oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and CO(2). The 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is mainly active in the mitochondrion. A fraction of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also localizes in the nucleus and is required for lysine succinylation of histones: associates with KAT2A on chromatin and provides succinyl-C [...] (1034 aa)
INSInsulin A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (110 aa)
PDP1[Pyruvate dehydrogenase [acetyl-transferring]]-phosphatase 1, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Belongs to the PP2C family. (562 aa)
SUCLG1Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP/GDP-forming] subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of either ATP or GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The alpha subunit of the enzyme binds the substrates coenzyme A and phosphate, while succinate binding and specificity for either ATP or GTP is provided by different beta subunits. (346 aa)
G6PDGlucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase; Cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step of the oxidative branch within the pentose phosphate pathway/shunt, an alternative route to glycolysis for the dissimilation of carbohydrates and a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for fatty acid and nucleic acid biosynthetic processes. (515 aa)
PDHA1Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle. (428 aa)
FOXO1Forkhead box protein O1; Transcription factor that is the main target of insulin signaling and regulates metabolic homeostasis in response to oxidative stress. Binds to the insulin response element (IRE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTTG-3' and the related Daf-16 family binding element (DBE) with consensus sequence 5'-TT[G/A]TTTAC-3'. Activity suppressed by insulin. Main regulator of redox balance and osteoblast numbers and controls bone mass. Orchestrates the endocrine function of the skeleton in regulating glucose metabolism. Acts synergistically with ATF4 to suppress osteocalc [...] (655 aa)
CSCitrate synthase, mitochondrial; Citrate synthase; Belongs to the citrate synthase family. (466 aa)
MAPTMicrotubule-associated protein tau; Promotes microtubule assembly and stability, and might be involved in the establishment and maintenance of neuronal polarity. The C-terminus binds axonal microtubules while the N-terminus binds neural plasma membrane components, suggesting that tau functions as a linker protein between both. Axonal polarity is predetermined by TAU/MAPT localization (in the neuronal cell) in the domain of the cell body defined by the centrosome. The short isoforms allow plasticity of the cytoskeleton whereas the longer isoforms may preferentially play a role in its st [...] (776 aa)
FOXO3Forkhead box protein O3; Transcriptional activator that recognizes and binds to the DNA sequence 5'-[AG]TAAA[TC]A-3' and regulates different processes, such as apoptosis and autophagy. Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy in skeletal muscle: in starved cells, enters the nucleus following dephosphorylation and binds the promoters of autophagy genes, such as GABARAP1L, MAP1LC3B and ATG12, thereby activating their expression, resulting in proteolysis of skeletal muscle proteins (By similarity). Triggers apoptosis in the absence of survival factors, including neuronal cell death upon [...] (673 aa)
CHATCholine O-acetyltransferase; Catalyzes the reversible synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) from acetyl CoA and choline at cholinergic synapses. Belongs to the carnitine/choline acetyltransferase family. (748 aa)
DLST2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase); Dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (E2) component of the 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl- CoA and CO(2). The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is mainly active in the mitochondrion. A fraction of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also localizes in the nucleus and is required for lysine succinylation of histones: associates with KAT2A on chromatin and provides succinyl-CoA to histone s [...] (453 aa)
IDH2Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial; Plays a role in intermediary metabolism and energy production. It may tightly associate or interact with the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex; Belongs to the isocitrate and isopropylmalate dehydrogenases family. (452 aa)
PKMPyruvate kinase PKM; Glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to ADP, generating ATP. Stimulates POU5F1-mediated transcriptional activation. Plays a general role in caspase independent cell death of tumor cells. The ratio between the highly active tetrameric form and nearly inactive dimeric form determines whether glucose carbons are channeled to biosynthetic processes or used for glycolytic ATP production. The transition between the 2 forms contributes to the control of glycolysis and is important for tumor cell proliferation a [...] (531 aa)
PANK2Pantothenate kinase 2, mitochondrial; May be the master regulator of the CoA biosynthesis. Belongs to the type II pantothenate kinase family. (570 aa)
SLC5A6Sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter; Transports pantothenate, biotin and lipoate in the presence of sodium; Belongs to the sodium:solute symporter (SSF) (TC 2.A.21) family. (635 aa)
ACO1Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase; Iron sensor. Binds a 4Fe-4S cluster and functions as aconitase when cellular iron levels are high. Functions as mRNA binding protein that regulates uptake, sequestration and utilization of iron when cellular iron levels are low. Binds to iron-responsive elements (IRES) in target mRNA species when iron levels are low. Binding of a 4Fe-4S cluster precludes RNA binding. (889 aa)
PDHBPyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial; The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle. (359 aa)
HDAC3Histone deacetylase 3; Responsible for the deacetylation of lysine residues on the N-terminal part of the core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), and some other non-histone substrates. Histone deacetylation gives a tag for epigenetic repression and plays an important role in transcriptional regulation, cell cycle progression and developmental events. Histone deacetylases act via the formation of large multiprotein complexes. Participates in the BCL6 transcriptional repressor activity by deacetylating the H3 'Lys-27' (H3K27) on enhancer elements, antagonizing EP300 acetyltransferase activi [...] (428 aa)
IDH3AIsocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit alpha, mitochondrial; Catalytic subunit of the enzyme which catalyzes the decarboxylation of isocitrate (ICT) into alpha-ketoglutarate. The heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and beta (IDH3B) subunits and the heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and gamma (IDH3G) subunits, have considerable basal activity but the full activity of the heterotetramer (containing two subunits of IDH3A, one of IDH3B and one of IDH3G) requires the assembly and cooperative function of both heterodimers. (366 aa)
PDPRPyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase regulatory subunit, mitochondrial; Decreases the sensitivity of PDP1 to magnesium ions, and this inhibition is reversed by the polyamine spermine; Belongs to the GcvT family. (879 aa)
APPGamma-secretase C-terminal fragment 50; Functions as a cell surface receptor and performs physiological functions on the surface of neurons relevant to neurite growth, neuronal adhesion and axonogenesis. Interaction between APP molecules on neighboring cells promotes synaptogenesis. Involved in cell mobility and transcription regulation through protein-protein interactions. Can promote transcription activation through binding to APBB1-KAT5 and inhibits Notch signaling through interaction with Numb. Couples to apoptosis- inducing pathways such as those mediated by G(O) and JIP. Inhibits [...] (770 aa)
DLATPyruvate dehydrogenase E2 component (dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase); The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO(2), and thereby links the glycolytic pathway to the tricarboxylic cycle. (647 aa)
APOEApolipoprotein E; APOE is an apolipoprotein, a protein associating with lipid particles, that mainly functions in lipoprotein-mediated lipid transport between organs via the plasma and interstitial fluids. APOE is a core component of plasma lipoproteins and is involved in their production, conversion and clearance. Apoliproteins are amphipathic molecules that interact both with lipids of the lipoprotein particle core and the aqueous environment of the plasma. As such, APOE associates with chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and intermediate density [...] (317 aa)
PDHXPyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component, mitochondrial; Required for anchoring dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3) to the dihydrolipoamide transacetylase (E2) core of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complexes of eukaryotes. This specific binding is essential for a functional PDH complex. (501 aa)
IDH3GIsocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit gamma, mitochondrial; Regulatory subunit which plays a role in the allosteric regulation of the enzyme catalyzing the decarboxylation of isocitrate (ICT) into alpha-ketoglutarate. The heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and beta (IDH3B) subunits and the heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and gamma (IDH3G) subunits, have considerable basal activity but the full activity of the heterotetramer (containing two subunits of IDH3A, one of IDH3B and one of IDH3G) requires the assembly and cooperative function of both heterodimers. (393 aa)
ACO2Aconitate hydratase, mitochondrial; Catalyzes the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate via cis- aconitate; Belongs to the aconitase/IPM isomerase family. (780 aa)
DLDDihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial; Lipoamide dehydrogenase is a component of the glycine cleavage system as well as an E3 component of three alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes (pyruvate-, alpha-ketoglutarate-, and branched- chain amino acid-dehydrogenase complex). The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex is mainly active in the mitochondrion. A fraction of the 2- oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also localizes in the nucleus and is required for lysine succinylation of histones: associates with KAT2A on chromatin and provides succinyl-CoA to histone succinyltransferase KA [...] (509 aa)
PDK4[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 4, mitochondrial; Kinase that plays a key role in regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism in response to prolonge [...] (411 aa)
SNCAAlpha-synuclein; Neuronal protein that plays several roles in synaptic activity such as regulation of synaptic vesicle trafficking and subsequent neurotransmitter release. Participates as a monomer in synaptic vesicle exocytosis by enhancing vesicle priming, fusion and dilation of exocytotic fusion pores. Mechanistically, acts by increasing local Ca(2+) release from microdomains which is essential for the enhancement of ATP-induced exocytosis. Acts also as a molecular chaperone in its multimeric membrane-bound state, assisting in the folding of synaptic fusion components called SNAREs [...] (140 aa)
PDK3[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 3, mitochondrial; Inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by phosphorylation of the E1 subunit PDHA1, and thereby regulates glucose metabolism and aerobic respiration. Can also phosphorylate PDHA2. Decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism in response to prolonged fasting, and as adaptation to a high-fat diet. Plays a role in glucose homeostasis and in maintaining normal blood glucose levels in function of nutrient levels and under starvation. Plays a role in the generation of reactive oxygen species. Belon [...] (415 aa)
SUCLA2Succinate--CoA ligase [ADP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial; ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of ATP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit (By similarity). (463 aa)
IDH3BIsocitrate dehydrogenase [NAD] subunit beta, mitochondrial; Plays a structural role to facilitate the assembly and ensure the full activity of the enzyme catalyzing the decarboxylation of isocitrate (ICT) into alpha-ketoglutarate. The heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and beta (IDH3B) subunits and the heterodimer composed of the alpha (IDH3A) and gamma (IDH3G) subunits, have considerable basal activity but the full activity of the heterotetramer (containing two subunits of IDH3A, one of IDH3B and one of IDH3G) requires the assembly and cooperative function of both heterodimers. (387 aa)
SCXBasic helix-loop-helix transcription factor scleraxis; Plays an early essential role in mesoderm formation, as well as a later role in formation of somite-derived chondrogenic lineages. (201 aa)
H6PDGDH/6PGL endoplasmic bifunctional protein; Bifunctional enzyme localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the first two steps of the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway/shunt, an alternative to glycolysis and a major source of reducing power and metabolic intermediates for biosynthetic processes (By similarity). Has a hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, with broad substrate specificity compared to glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase/G6PD, and catalyzes the first step of the pentose phosphate pathway. In addition, acts as a 6-phosphogluconola [...] (802 aa)
PDK2[Pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring)] kinase isozyme 2, mitochondrial; Kinase that plays a key role in the regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and homeostasis via phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits PDHA1 and PDHA2. This inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and thereby regulates metabolite flux through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, down-regulates aerobic respiration and inhibits the formation of acetyl-coenzyme A from pyruvate. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases glucose utilization and increases fat metabolism. Mediates cellular [...] (407 aa)
SUCLG2Succinate--CoA ligase [GDP-forming] subunit beta, mitochondrial; GTP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase functions in the citric acid cycle (TCA), coupling the hydrolysis of succinyl-CoA to the synthesis of GTP and thus represents the only step of substrate-level phosphorylation in the TCA. The beta subunit provides nucleotide specificity of the enzyme and binds the substrate succinate, while the binding sites for coenzyme A and phosphate are found in the alpha subunit. (440 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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