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GAPDH | Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; Has both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and nitrosylase activities, thereby playing a role in glycolysis and nuclear functions, respectively. Participates in nuclear events including transcription, RNA transport, DNA replication and apoptosis. Nuclear functions are probably due to the nitrosylase activity that mediates cysteine S-nitrosylation of nuclear target proteins such as SIRT1, HDAC2 and PRKDC. Modulates the organization and assembly of the cytoskeleton. Facilitates the CHP1-dependent microtubule and membrane associations throu [...] (335 aa) | ||||
RGL3 | Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 3; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ral-A. Potential effector of GTPase HRas and Ras-related protein M-Ras. Negatively regulates Elk-1-dependent gene induction downstream of HRas and MEKK1 (By similarity). (716 aa) | ||||
RALGDS | Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator; Stimulates the dissociation of GDP from the Ras-related RalA and RalB GTPases which allows GTP binding and activation of the GTPases. Interacts and acts as an effector molecule for R-Ras, H-Ras, K-Ras, and Rap. (914 aa) | ||||
JUN | Transcription factor AP-1; Transcription factor that recognizes and binds to the enhancer heptamer motif 5'-TGA[CG]TCA-3'. Promotes activity of NR5A1 when phosphorylated by HIPK3 leading to increased steroidogenic gene expression upon cAMP signaling pathway stimulation. Involved in activated KRAS-mediated transcriptional activation of USP28 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Binds to the USP28 promoter in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Belongs to the bZIP family. Jun subfamily. (331 aa) | ||||
RALGPS2 | Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor RalGPS2; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase RALA. May be involved in cytoskeletal organization. May also be involved in the stimulation of transcription in a Ras-independent fashion (By similarity). (583 aa) | ||||
TGFB2 | Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-2 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGF-beta-2) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-2, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-2: Multifunctional protein that regulates various processes such as angiogenesis and heart development. Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi apparatus, Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth fact [...] (442 aa) | ||||
TGFBR2 | TGF-beta receptor type-2; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type I serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR1, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinoge [...] (592 aa) | ||||
PMEPA1 | Protein TMEPAI; Functions as a negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling and thereby probably plays a role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, motility, extracellular matrix production and immunosuppression. In the canonical TGF-beta pathway, ZFYVE9/SARA recruits the intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulators SMAD2 and SMAD3 to the TGF-beta receptor. Phosphorylated by the receptor, SMAD2 and SMAD3 then form a heteromeric complex with SMAD4 that translocates to the nucleus to regulate transcription. Through interaction with SMAD2 and SMAD3, LDLRAD4 may [...] (287 aa) | ||||
SMAD3 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD3/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. Also can form a SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP- 1/SMAD site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated transcription. Has an inhibitory effect on wound healing probably by modulating both growth and m [...] (425 aa) | ||||
ALB | Serum albumin; Serum albumin, the main protein of plasma, has a good binding capacity for water, Ca(2+), Na(+), K(+), fatty acids, hormones, bilirubin and drugs (Probable). Its main function is the regulation of the colloidal osmotic pressure of blood (Probable). Major zinc transporter in plasma, typically binds about 80% of all plasma zinc. Major calcium and magnesium transporter in plasma, binds approximately 45% of circulating calcium and magnesium in plasma (By similarity). Potentially has more than two calcium-binding sites and might additionally bind calcium in a non-specific man [...] (609 aa) | ||||
RGL4 | Ral-GDS-related protein; Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator like 4. (473 aa) | ||||
MMUT | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, mitochondrial; Involved in the degradation of several amino acids, odd-chain fatty acids and cholesterol via propionyl-CoA to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. MCM has different functions in other species; Belongs to the methylmalonyl-CoA mutase family. (750 aa) | ||||
RASA1 | Ras GTPase-activating protein 1; Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. Stimulates the GTPase of normal but not oncogenic Ras p21; this stimulation may be further increased in the presence of NCK1. (1047 aa) | ||||
RALB | Ras-related protein Ral-B; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles (By similarity). Required both to stabilize the assembly of the exocyst complex and to localize functional exocyst complexes to the leading edge of migrating cells (By similarity). Required for suppression of apoptosis. In l [...] (206 aa) | ||||
RALGAPB | Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit beta; Non-catalytic subunit of the heterodimeric RalGAP1 and RalGAP2 complexes which act as GTPase activators for the Ras-like small GTPases RALA and RALB. (1494 aa) | ||||
SMAD2 | Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2; Receptor-regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) that is an intracellular signal transducer and transcriptional modulator activated by TGF-beta (transforming growth factor) and activin type 1 receptor kinases. Binds the TRE element in the promoter region of many genes that are regulated by TGF-beta and, on formation of the SMAD2/SMAD4 complex, activates transcription. May act as a tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Positively regulates PDPK1 kinase activity by stimulating its dissociation from the 14-3-3 protein YWHAQ which acts as a negative regulator. (467 aa) | ||||
RALGPS1 | Ras-specific guanine nucleotide-releasing factor RalGPS1; Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the small GTPase RALA. May be involved in cytoskeletal organization (By similarity). Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for. (557 aa) | ||||
KRAS | GTPase KRas, N-terminally processed; Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity. Plays an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation. Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner. (189 aa) | ||||
TGFB3 | Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-3 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-3, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-3: Multifunctional protein that regulates embryogenesis and cell differentiation and is required in various processes such as secondary palate development (By similarity). Activation into mature form follows different steps: following cleavage of the proprotein in the Golgi appa [...] (412 aa) | ||||
EXOC2 | Exocyst complex component 2; Component of the exocyst complex involved in the docking of exocytic vesicles with fusion sites on the plasma membrane; Belongs to the SEC5 family. (924 aa) | ||||
SERPINE1 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; Serine protease inhibitor. Inhibits TMPRSS7. Is a primary inhibitor of tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PLAU). As PLAT inhibitor, it is required for fibrinolysis down-regulation and is responsible for the controlled degradation of blood clots. As PLAU inhibitor, it is involved in the regulation of cell adhesion and spreading. Acts as a regulator of cell migration, independently of its role as protease inhibitor. It is required for stimulation of keratinocyte migration during cutaneous injury repair. It [...] (402 aa) | ||||
RALA | Ras-related protein Ral-A; Multifunctional GTPase involved in a variety of cellular processes including gene expression, cell migration, cell proliferation, oncogenic transformation and membrane trafficking. Accomplishes its multiple functions by interacting with distinct downstream effectors. Acts as a GTP sensor for GTP-dependent exocytosis of dense core vesicles. The RALA-exocyst complex regulates integrin- dependent membrane raft exocytosis and growth signaling. Key regulator of LPAR1 signaling and competes with GRK2 for binding to LPAR1 thus affecting the signaling properties of t [...] (206 aa) | ||||
TGFB1 | Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (390 aa) | ||||
CDC42 | Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration. In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections. Required for DOCK10-med [...] (191 aa) | ||||
RALGAPA1 | Ral GTPase-activating protein subunit alpha-1; Catalytic subunit of the heterodimeric RalGAP1 complex which acts as a GTPase activator for the Ras-like small GTPases RALA and RALB. (2495 aa) | ||||
TGFBR1 | TGF-beta receptor type-1; Transmembrane serine/threonine kinase forming with the TGF- beta type II serine/threonine kinase receptor, TGFBR2, the non- promiscuous receptor for the TGF-beta cytokines TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3. Transduces the TGFB1, TGFB2 and TGFB3 signal from the cell surface to the cytoplasm and is thus regulating a plethora of physiological and pathological processes including cell cycle arrest in epithelial and hematopoietic cells, control of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation, wound healing, extracellular matrix production, immunosuppression and carcinog [...] (507 aa) | ||||
RGL2 | Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator-like 2; Probable guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Putative effector of Ras and/or Rap. Associates with the GTP-bound form of Rap 1A and H-Ras in vitro (By similarity). (777 aa) | ||||
INS | Insulin A chain; Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen synthesis in liver. (110 aa) |