STRINGSTRING
TGFB1 TGFB1 TBP TBP BMP4 BMP4 WNT10A WNT10A EDAR EDAR AXIN1 AXIN1 SHH SHH AXIN2 AXIN2 HNF4A HNF4A FGF8 FGF8 DRD2 DRD2 PAX9 PAX9 IRF6 IRF6 EFNA1 EFNA1 MSX1 MSX1 PITX2 PITX2 CTNNB1 CTNNB1
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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empty nodes:
proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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TGFB1Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein; Transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein: Precursor of the Latency-associated peptide (LAP) and Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) chains, which constitute the regulatory and active subunit of TGF-beta-1, respectively. Transforming growth factor beta-1: Multifunctional protein that regulates the growth and differentiation of various cell types and is involved in various processes, such as normal development, immune function, microglia function and responses to neurodegeneration (By similarity). Activation into mature form fo [...] (390 aa)
TBPTATA-box-binding protein; General transcription factor that functions at the core of the DNA-binding multiprotein factor TFIID. Binding of TFIID to the TATA box is the initial transcriptional step of the pre-initiation complex (PIC), playing a role in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Component of a BRF2-containing transcription factor complex that regulates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III. Component of the transcription factor SL1/TIF-IB complex, which is involved in the assembly of the PIC (pre-initiation complex) during RNA polymerase [...] (339 aa)
BMP4Bone morphogenetic protein 4; Induces cartilage and bone formation. Also acts in mesoderm induction, tooth development, limb formation and fracture repair. Acts in concert with PTHLH/PTHRP to stimulate ductal outgrowth during embryonic mammary development and to inhibit hair follicle induction (By similarity). (408 aa)
WNT10AProtein Wnt-10a; Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway (By similarity). Plays a role in normal ectoderm development. Required for normal tooth development. Required for normal postnatal development and maintenance of tongue papillae and sweat ducts. Required for normal proliferation of basal cells in tongue filiform papillae, plantar epithelium and sweat ducts. Required for normal expression of keratins in tongue papillae (By similarity). Required for normal expression of KRT9 [...] (417 aa)
EDARTumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member EDAR; Receptor for EDA isoform A1, but not for EDA isoform A2. Mediates the activation of NF-kappa-B and JNK. May promote caspase- independent cell death. (448 aa)
AXIN1Axin-1; Component of the beta-catenin destruction complex required for regulating CTNNB1 levels through phosphorylation and ubiquitination, and modulating Wnt-signaling. Controls dorsoventral patterning via two opposing effects; down-regulates CTNNB1 to inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway and ventralize embryos, but also dorsalizes embryos by activating a Wnt- independent JNK signaling pathway. In Wnt signaling, probably facilitates the phosphorylation of CTNNB1 and APC by GSK3B. Likely to function as a tumor suppressor. Enhances TGF-beta signaling by recruiting the RNF111 E3 ubiquitin l [...] (862 aa)
SHHSonic hedgehog protein N-product; [Sonic hedgehog protein]: The C-terminal part of the sonic hedgehog protein precursor displays an autoproteolysis and a cholesterol transferase activity (By similarity). Both activities result in the cleavage of the full-length protein into two parts (ShhN and ShhC) followed by the covalent attachment of a cholesterol moiety to the C-terminal of the newly generated ShhN (By similarity). Both activities occur in the reticulum endoplasmic (By similarity). Once cleaved, ShhC is degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum (By similarity). (462 aa)
AXIN2Axin-2; Inhibitor of the Wnt signaling pathway. Down-regulates beta- catenin. Probably facilitate the phosphorylation of beta-catenin and APC by GSK3B. (843 aa)
HNF4AHepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha; Transcriptional regulator which controls the expression of hepatic genes during the transition of endodermal cells to hepatic progenitor cells, facilitating the recruitment of RNA pol II to the promoters of target genes. Activates the transcription of CYP2C38 (By similarity). Represses the CLOCK- ARNTL/BMAL1 transcriptional activity and is essential for circadian rhythm maintenance and period regulation in the liver and colon cells. (474 aa)
FGF8Fibroblast growth factor 8; Plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and cell migration. Required for normal brain, eye, ear and limb development during embryogenesis. Required for normal development of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal system. Plays a role in neurite outgrowth in hippocampal cells. Belongs to the heparin-binding growth factors family. (244 aa)
DRD2D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (443 aa)
PAX9Paired box protein Pax-9; Transcription factor required for normal development of thymus, parathyroid glands, ultimobranchial bodies, teeth, skeletal elements of skull and larynx as well as distal limbs. (341 aa)
IRF6Interferon regulatory factor 6; Probable DNA-binding transcriptional activator. Key determinant of the keratinocyte proliferation-differentiation switch involved in appropriate epidermal development (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating mammary epithelial cell proliferation (By similarity). May regulate WDR65 transcription (By similarity). Belongs to the IRF family. (467 aa)
EFNA1Ephrin-A1, secreted form; Cell surface GPI-bound ligand for Eph receptors, a family of receptor tyrosine kinases which are crucial for migration, repulsion and adhesion during neuronal, vascular and epithelial development. Binds promiscuously Eph receptors residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. Plays an important role in angiogenesis and tumor neovascularization. The recruitment of VAV2, VAV3 and PI3-kinase p85 subunit by phosphorylated EPHA2 is critical for EFNA1-induced RAC1 GTPase activation and vascular endothelial c [...] (205 aa)
MSX1Homeobox protein MSX-1; Acts as a transcriptional repressor. May play a role in limb- pattern formation. Acts in cranofacial development and specifically in odontogenesis. Expression in the developing nail bed mesenchyme is important for nail plate thickness and integrity. Belongs to the Msh homeobox family. (303 aa)
PITX2Pituitary homeobox 2; Controls cell proliferation in a tissue-specific manner and is involved in morphogenesis. During embryonic development, exerts a role in the expansion of muscle progenitors. May play a role in the proper localization of asymmetric organs such as the heart and stomach. Isoform PTX2C is involved in left-right asymmetry the developing embryo (By similarity); Belongs to the paired homeobox family. Bicoid subfamily. (324 aa)
CTNNB1Catenin beta-1; Key downstream component of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the absence of Wnt, forms a complex with AXIN1, AXIN2, APC, CSNK1A1 and GSK3B that promotes phosphorylation on N-terminal Ser and Thr residues and ubiquitination of CTNNB1 via BTRC and its subsequent degradation by the proteasome. In the presence of Wnt ligand, CTNNB1 is not ubiquitinated and accumulates in the nucleus, where it acts as a coactivator for transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family, leading to activate Wnt responsive genes. Involved in the regulation of cell adhesion, as component of an [...] (781 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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