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MYL2 MYL2 ARHGDIB ARHGDIB KALRN KALRN PRKACG PRKACG PRKACB PRKACB ARHGEF11 ARHGEF11 ARHGAP18 ARHGAP18 ARHGAP32 ARHGAP32 PRKACA PRKACA FOS FOS CFL2 CFL2 DLC1 DLC1 DRD2 DRD2 RASA1 RASA1 ACP1 ACP1 SLC6A3 SLC6A3 CUL3 CUL3 LINGO1 LINGO1 RTN4 RTN4 ARHGEF1 ARHGEF1 ROCK2 ROCK2 BIN1 BIN1 CDC42 CDC42 ARHGAP35 ARHGAP35 MYH14 MYH14 GRIN2B GRIN2B ARHGDIA ARHGDIA KCTD13 KCTD13 OMG OMG CFL1 CFL1 ABL2 ABL2 RHOA RHOA TNF TNF PPP1R12A PPP1R12A SCN9A SCN9A NRXN1 NRXN1 MAG MAG TNFRSF19 TNFRSF19 TH TH GABARAPL2 GABARAPL2 RTN4R RTN4R ARHGDIG ARHGDIG SLC1A6 SLC1A6
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query proteins and first shell of interactors
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second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
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a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
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MYL2Myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform; Contractile protein that plays a role in heart development and function (By similarity). Following phosphorylation, plays a role in cross-bridge cycling kinetics and cardiac muscle contraction by increasing myosin lever arm stiffness and promoting myosin head diffusion; as a consequence of the increase in maximum contraction force and calcium sensitivity of contraction force. These events altogether slow down myosin kinetics and prolong duty cycle resulting in accumulated myosins being cooperatively recruited to actin [...] (166 aa)
ARHGDIBRho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 2; Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. Regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton mediated by Rho family members. (201 aa)
KALRNKalirin; Promotes the exchange of GDP by GTP. Activates specific Rho GTPase family members, thereby inducing various signaling mechanisms that regulate neuronal shape, growth, and plasticity, through their effects on the actin cytoskeleton. Induces lamellipodia independent of its GEF activity; Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (1663 aa)
PRKACGcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. (351 aa)
PRKACBcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta; Mediates cAMP-dependent signaling triggered by receptor binding to GPCRs. PKA activation regulates diverse cellular processes such as cell proliferation, the cell cycle, differentiation and regulation of microtubule dynamics, chromatin condensation and decondensation, nuclear envelope disassembly and reassembly, as well as regulation of intracellular transport mechanisms and ion flux. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subu [...] (398 aa)
ARHGEF11Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 11; May play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13). Acts as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase and may act as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13. Involved in neurotrophin-induced neurite outgrowth. (1562 aa)
ARHGAP18Rho GTPase-activating protein 18; Rho GTPase activating protein that suppresses F-actin polymerization by inhibiting Rho. Rho GTPase activating proteins act by converting Rho-type GTPases to an inactive GDP-bound state. Plays a key role in tissue tension and 3D tissue shape by regulating cortical actomyosin network formation. Acts downstream of YAP1 and inhibits actin polymerization, which in turn reduces nuclear localization of YAP1. Regulates cell shape, spreading, and migration. (663 aa)
ARHGAP32Rho GTPase-activating protein 32; GTPase-activating protein (GAP) promoting GTP hydrolysis on RHOA, CDC42 and RAC1 small GTPases. May be involved in the differentiation of neuronal cells during the formation of neurite extensions. Involved in NMDA receptor activity-dependent actin reorganization in dendritic spines. May mediate cross-talks between Ras- and Rho-regulated signaling pathways in cell growth regulation. Isoform 2 has higher GAP activity (By similarity). Belongs to the PX domain-containing GAP family. (2087 aa)
PRKACAcAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha; Phosphorylates a large number of substrates in the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Regulates the abundance of compartmentalized pools of its regulatory subunits through phosphorylation of PJA2 which binds and ubiquitinates these subunits, leading to their subsequent proteolysis. Phosphorylates CDC25B, ABL1, NFKB1, CLDN3, PSMC5/RPT6, PJA2, RYR2, RORA and VASP. RORA is activated by phosphorylation. Required for glucose- mediated adipogenic differentiation increase and osteogenic differentiation inhibition from osteoblasts. Involved in the [...] (351 aa)
FOSProto-oncogene c-Fos; Nuclear phosphoprotein which forms a tight but non-covalently linked complex with the JUN/AP-1 transcription factor. In the heterodimer, FOS and JUN/AP-1 basic regions each seems to interact with symmetrical DNA half sites. On TGF-beta activation, forms a multimeric SMAD3/SMAD4/JUN/FOS complex at the AP1/SMAD-binding site to regulate TGF-beta-mediated signaling. Has a critical function in regulating the development of cells destined to form and maintain the skeleton. It is thought to have an important role in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentia [...] (380 aa)
CFL2Cofilin-2; Controls reversibly actin polymerization and depolymerization in a pH-sensitive manner. Its F-actin depolymerization activity is regulated by association with CSPR3. It has the ability to bind G- and F-actin in a 1:1 ratio of cofilin to actin. It is the major component of intranuclear and cytoplasmic actin rods. Required for muscle maintenance. May play a role during the exchange of alpha-actin forms during the early postnatal remodeling of the sarcomere (By similarity); Belongs to the actin-binding proteins ADF family. (166 aa)
DLC1Rho GTPase-activating protein 7; Functions as a GTPase-activating protein for the small GTPases RHOA, RHOB, RHOC and CDC42, terminating their downstream signaling. This induces morphological changes and detachment through cytoskeletal reorganization, playing a critical role in biological processes such as cell migration and proliferation. Also functions in vivo as an activator of the phospholipase PLCD1. Active DLC1 increases cell migration velocity but reduces directionality. (1528 aa)
DRD2D(2) dopamine receptor; Dopamine receptor whose activity is mediated by G proteins which inhibit adenylyl cyclase; Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family. (443 aa)
RASA1Ras GTPase-activating protein 1; Inhibitory regulator of the Ras-cyclic AMP pathway. Stimulates the GTPase of normal but not oncogenic Ras p21; this stimulation may be further increased in the presence of NCK1. (1047 aa)
ACP1Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase; Acts on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low-MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates. Isoform 3 does not possess phosphatase activity. (158 aa)
SLC6A3Sodium-dependent dopamine transporter; Amine transporter. Terminates the action of dopamine by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals. (620 aa)
CUL3Cullin-3; Core component of multiple cullin-RING-based BCR (BTB-CUL3- RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complexes which mediate the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. BCR complexes and ARIH1 collaborate in tandem to mediate ubiquitination of target proteins. As a scaffold protein may contribute to catalysis through positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase activity of the complex is dependent on the neddylation of the cullin subunit and is inhibited by the association of the deneddylated cu [...] (768 aa)
LINGO1Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 1; Functional component of the Nogo receptor signaling complex (RTN4R/NGFR) in RhoA activation responsible for some inhibition of axonal regeneration by myelin-associated factors. Is also an important negative regulator of oligodentrocyte differentiation and axonal myelination. Acts in conjunction with RTN4 and RTN4R in regulating neuronal precursor cell motility during cortical development (By similarity). (620 aa)
RTN4Reticulon-4; Required to induce the formation and stabilization of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. They regulate membrane morphogenesis in the ER by promoting tubular ER production. They influence nuclear envelope expansion, nuclear pore complex formation and proper localization of inner nuclear membrane proteins. However each isoform have specific functions mainly depending on their tissue expression specificities (Probable). [Isoform B]: Mainly function in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, is also involved in immune system regulation (Probable). Modulator of vas [...] (1192 aa)
ARHGEF1Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1; Seems to play a role in the regulation of RhoA GTPase by guanine nucleotide-binding alpha-12 (GNA12) and alpha-13 (GNA13) subunits. Acts as GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for GNA12 and GNA13, and as guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for RhoA GTPase. Activated G alpha 13/GNA13 stimulates the RhoGEF activity through interaction with the RGS-like domain. This GEF activity is inhibited by binding to activated GNA12. Mediates angiotensin-2-induced RhoA activation. (927 aa)
ROCK2Rho-associated protein kinase 2; Protein kinase which is a key regulator of actin cytoskeleton and cell polarity. Involved in regulation of smooth muscle contraction, actin cytoskeleton organization, stress fiber and focal adhesion formation, neurite retraction, cell adhesion and motility via phosphorylation of ADD1, BRCA2, CNN1, EZR, DPYSL2, EP300, MSN, MYL9/MLC2, NPM1, RDX, PPP1R12A and VIM. Phosphorylates SORL1 and IRF4. Acts as a negative regulator of VEGF-induced angiogenic endothelial cell activation. Positively regulates the activation of p42/MAPK1- p44/MAPK3 and of p90RSK/RPS6K [...] (1388 aa)
BIN1Myc box-dependent-interacting protein 1; Is a key player in the control of plasma membrane curvature, membrane shaping and membrane remodeling. Required in muscle cells for the formation of T-tubules, tubular invaginations of the plasma membrane that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Is a negative regulator of endocytosis (By similarity). Is also involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicles sorting, modulation of BACE1 trafficking and the control of amyloid-beta production. In neuronal circuits, endocytosis regulation may influence the internalization of PHF-tau [...] (593 aa)
CDC42Cell division control protein 42 homolog; Plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. In active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses. Involved in epithelial cell polarization processes. Regulates the bipolar attachment of spindle microtubules to kinetochores before chromosome congression in metaphase. Regulates cell migration. In neurons, plays a role in the extension and maintenance of the formation of filopodia, thin and actin-rich surface projections. Required for DOCK10-med [...] (191 aa)
ARHGAP35Rho GTPase-activating protein 35; Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP). Binds several acidic phospholipids which inhibits the Rho GAP activity to promote the Rac GAP activity. This binding is inhibited by phosphorylation by PRKCA. Involved in cell differentiation as well as cell adhesion and migration, plays an important role in retinal tissue morphogenesis, neural tube fusion, midline fusion of the cerebral hemispheres and mammary gland branching morphogenesis (By similarity). Transduces signals from p21-ras to the nucleus, acting via the ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) (By similar [...] (1499 aa)
MYH14Myosin-14; Cellular myosin that appears to play a role in cytokinesis, cell shape, and specialized functions such as secretion and capping. (2036 aa)
GRIN2BGlutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B; Component of NMDA receptor complexes that function as heterotetrameric, ligand-gated ion channels with high calcium permeability and voltage-dependent sensitivity to magnesium. Channel activation requires binding of the neurotransmitter glutamate to the epsilon subunit, glycine binding to the zeta subunit, plus membrane depolarization to eliminate channel inhibition by Mg(2+). Sensitivity to glutamate and channel kinetics depend on the subunit composition. In concert with DAPK1 at extrasynaptic sites, acts as a central mediator for stroke damage. [...] (1484 aa)
ARHGDIARho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 1; Controls Rho proteins homeostasis. Regulates the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of the Rho proteins by inhibiting the dissociation of GDP from them, and the subsequent binding of GTP to them. Retains Rho proteins such as CDC42, RAC1 and RHOA in an inactive cytosolic pool, regulating their stability and protecting them from degradation. Actively involved in the recycling and distribution of activated Rho GTPases in the cell, mediates extraction from membranes of both inactive and activated molecules due its exceptionally high affinity for prenylated forms. T [...] (235 aa)
KCTD13BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for CUL3-mediated RhoA degradation protein 1; Substrate-specific adapter of a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex required for synaptic transmission. The BCR(KCTD13) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex mediates the ubiquitination of RHOA, leading to its degradation by the proteasome Degradation of RHOA regulates the actin cytoskeleton and promotes synaptic transmission (By similarity). Belongs to the BACURD family. (329 aa)
OMGOligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein; Cell adhesion molecule contributing to the interactive process required for myelination in the central nervous system. (440 aa)
CFL1Cofilin-1; Binds to F-actin and exhibits pH-sensitive F-actin depolymerizing activity. Regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Important for normal progress through mitosis and normal cytokinesis. Plays a role in the regulation of cell morphology and cytoskeletal organization. Required for the up-regulation of atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 from endosomal compartment to cell membrane, increasing its efficiency in chemokine uptake and degradation. Required for neural tube morphogenesis and neural crest cell migration (By similarity). (166 aa)
ABL2Tyrosine-protein kinase ABL2; Non-receptor tyrosine-protein kinase that plays an ABL1- overlapping role in key processes linked to cell growth and survival such as cytoskeleton remodeling in response to extracellular stimuli, cell motility and adhesion and receptor endocytosis. Coordinates actin remodeling through tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins controlling cytoskeleton dynamics like MYH10 (involved in movement); CTTN (involved in signaling); or TUBA1 and TUBB (microtubule subunits). Binds directly F-actin and regulates actin cytoskeletal structure through its F-actin- bundling ac [...] (1182 aa)
RHOATransforming protein RhoA; Small GTPase which cycles between an active GTP-bound and an inactive GDP-bound state. Mainly associated with cytoskeleton organization, in active state binds to a variety of effector proteins to regulate cellular responses such cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and cell cycle. Regulates a signal transduction pathway linking plasma membrane receptors to the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. Involved in a microtubule-dependent signal that is required for the myosin contractile ring formation during cell cycle cytokinesis. Plays an essent [...] (193 aa)
TNFTumor necrosis factor, membrane form; Cytokine that binds to TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. It is mainly secreted by macrophages and can induce cell death of certain tumor cell lines. It is potent pyrogen causing fever by direct action or by stimulation of interleukin-1 secretion and is implicated in the induction of cachexia, Under certain conditions it can stimulate cell proliferation and induce cell differentiation. Impairs regulatory T- cells (Treg) function in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis via FOXP3 dephosphorylation. Upregulates the expression of protein phosphatase 1 [...] (233 aa)
PPP1R12AProtein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 12A; Key regulator of protein phosphatase 1C (PPP1C). Mediates binding to myosin. As part of the PPP1C complex, involved in dephosphorylation of PLK1. Capable of inhibiting HIF1AN-dependent suppression of HIF1A activity. (1030 aa)
SCN9ASodium channel protein type 9 subunit alpha; Mediates the voltage-dependent sodium ion permeability of excitable membranes. Assuming opened or closed conformations in response to the voltage difference across the membrane, the protein forms a sodium-selective channel through which Na(+) ions may pass in accordance with their electrochemical gradient. It is a tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channel isoform. Plays a role in pain mechanisms, especially in the development of inflammatory pain. Belongs to the sodium channel (TC 1.A.1.10) family. Nav1.7/SCN9A subfamily. (1977 aa)
NRXN1Neurexin-1; Cell surface protein involved in cell-cell-interactions, exocytosis of secretory granules and regulation of signal transmission. Function is isoform-specific. Alpha-type isoforms have a long N- terminus with six laminin G-like domains and play an important role in synaptic signal transmission. Alpha-type isoforms play a role in the regulation of calcium channel activity and Ca(2+)-triggered neurotransmitter release at synapses and at neuromuscular junctions. They play an important role in Ca(2+)-triggered exocytosis of secretory granules in pituitary gland. They may effect [...] (1547 aa)
MAGMyelin-associated glycoprotein; Adhesion molecule that mediates interactions between myelinating cells and neurons by binding to neuronal sialic acid- containing gangliosides and to the glycoproteins RTN4R and RTN4RL2 (By similarity). Not required for initial myelination, but seems to play a role in the maintenance of normal axon myelination. Protects motoneurons against apoptosis, also after injury; protection against apoptosis is probably mediated via interaction with neuronal RTN4R and RTN4RL2. Required to prevent degeneration of myelinated axons in adults; this probably depends on [...] (626 aa)
TNFRSF19Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 19; Can mediate activation of JNK and NF-kappa-B. May promote caspase-independent cell death. (423 aa)
THTyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Plays an important role in the physiology of adrenergic neurons. (528 aa)
GABARAPL2Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor-associated protein-like 2; Ubiquitin-like modifier involved in intra-Golgi traffic. Modulates intra-Golgi transport through coupling between NSF activity and SNAREs activation. It first stimulates the ATPase activity of NSF which in turn stimulates the association with GOSR1 (By similarity). Involved in autophagy. Plays a role in mitophagy which contributes to regulate mitochondrial quantity and quality by eliminating the mitochondria to a basal level to fulfill cellular energy requirements and preventing excess ROS production. Whereas LC3s are involved [...] (117 aa)
RTN4RReticulon-4 receptor; Receptor for RTN4, OMG and MAG. Functions as receptor for the sialylated gangliosides GT1b and GM1. Besides, functions as receptor for chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (By similarity). Can also bind heparin (By similarity). Intracellular signaling cascades are triggered via the coreceptor NGFR. Signaling mediates activation of Rho and downstream reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Mediates axonal growth inhibition. Plays a role in regulating axon regeneration and neuronal plasticity in the adult central nervous system. Plays a role in postnatal brain develo [...] (473 aa)
ARHGDIGRho GDP-dissociation inhibitor 3; Inhibits GDP/GTP exchange reaction of RhoB. Interacts specifically with the GDP- and GTP-bound forms of post-translationally processed Rhob and Rhog proteins, both of which show a growth-regulated expression in mammalian cells. Stimulates the release of the GDP-bound but not the GTP-bound RhoB protein. Also inhibits the GDP/GTP exchange of RhoB but shows less ability to inhibit the dissociation of prebound GTP. (225 aa)
SLC1A6Excitatory amino acid transporter 4; Sodium-dependent, high-affinity amino acid transporter that mediates the uptake of L-glutamate and also L-aspartate and D-aspartate. Functions as a symporter that transports one amino acid molecule together with two or three Na(+) ions and one proton, in parallel with the counter-transport of one K(+) ion. Mediates Cl(-) flux that is not coupled to amino acid transport; this avoids the accumulation of negative charges due to aspartate and Na(+) symport (By similarity). Plays a redundant role in the rapid removal of released glutamate from the synapt [...] (564 aa)
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Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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