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GUCA1A GUCA1A GUCY2F GUCY2F RCVRN RCVRN GUCA1B GUCA1B GNAT1 GNAT1 GNGT1 GNGT1 CNGB1 CNGB1 GNAT2 GNAT2 GUCY2D GUCY2D PDE6A PDE6A GUCA1C GUCA1C SLC24A1 SLC24A1 RGS9 RGS9 GRK7 GRK7 CALM3 CALM3 RHO RHO CALML6 CALML6 CALML3 CALML3 PDE6G PDE6G GRK1 GRK1 GNB1 GNB1 CALML5 CALML5 CNGA1 CNGA1 SAG SAG CALML4 CALML4 PDE6B PDE6B
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splice isoforms or post-translational modifications are collapsed, i.e. each node represents all the proteins produced by a single, protein-coding gene locus.
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colored nodes:
query proteins and first shell of interactors
white nodes:
second shell of interactors
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proteins of unknown 3D structure
filled nodes:
a 3D structure is known or predicted
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Edges represent protein-protein associations
associations are meant to be specific and meaningful, i.e. proteins jointly contribute to a shared function; this does not necessarily mean they are physically binding to each other.
Known Interactions
from curated databases
experimentally determined
Predicted Interactions
gene neighborhood
gene fusions
gene co-occurrence
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textmining
co-expression
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GUCA1AGuanylyl cyclase-activating protein 1; Stimulates retinal guanylyl cyclase when free calcium ions concentration is low and inhibits guanylyl cyclase when free calcium ions concentration is elevated. This Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of retinal guanylyl cyclase is a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure (By similarity). May be involved in cone photoreceptor light response and recovery of response in bright light (By similarity). (201 aa)
GUCY2FRetinal guanylyl cyclase 2; Responsible for the synthesis of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in rods and cones of photoreceptors. Plays an essential role in phototransduction, by mediating cGMP replenishment (By similarity). May also participate in the trafficking of membrane-asociated proteins to the photoreceptor outer segment membrane (By similarity). Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (1108 aa)
RCVRNRecoverin; Acts as a calcium sensor and regulates phototransduction of cone and rod photoreceptor cells (By similarity). Modulates light sensitivity of cone photoreceptor in dark and dim conditions (By similarity). In response to high Ca(2+) levels induced by low light levels, prolongs RHO/rhodopsin activation in rod photoreceptor cells by binding to and inhibiting GRK1-mediated phosphorylation of RHO/rhodopsin (By similarity). Plays a role in scotopic vision/enhances vision in dim light by enhancing signal transfer between rod photoreceptors and rod bipolar cells (By similarity). Impr [...] (200 aa)
GUCA1BGuanylyl cyclase-activating protein 2; Stimulates two retinal guanylyl cyclases (GCs) GUCY2D and GUCY2F when free calcium ions concentration is low, and inhibits GUCY2D and GUCY2F when free calcium ions concentration is elevated (By similarity). This Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of GCs is a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure (By similarity). May be involved in cone photoreceptor response and recovery of response in bright light (By similarity). (200 aa)
GNAT1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-1; Functions as signal transducer for the rod photoreceptor RHO. Required for normal RHO-mediated light perception by the retina. Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) function as transducers downstream of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), such as the photoreceptor RHO. The alpha chain contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and alternates between an active, GTP- bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Activated RHO promotes GDP release and GTP binding. Signaling is mediated via downstream effector proteins, [...] (350 aa)
GNGT1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(T) subunit gamma-T1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (74 aa)
CNGB1Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1; Subunit of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels, nonselective cation channels, which play important roles in both visual and olfactory signal transduction. When associated with CNGA1, it is involved in the regulation of ion flow into the rod photoreceptor outer segment (ROS), in response to light-induced alteration of the levels of intracellular cGMP. (1251 aa)
GNAT2Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(t) subunit alpha-2; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as modulators or transducers in various transmembrane signaling systems. Transducin is an amplifier and one of the transducers of a visual impulse that performs the coupling between rhodopsin and cGMP- phosphodiesterase. (354 aa)
GUCY2DRetinal guanylyl cyclase 1; Catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic GMP (cGMP) in rods and cones of photoreceptors. Plays an essential role in phototransduction, by mediating cGMP replenishment. May also participate in the trafficking of membrane-asociated proteins to the photoreceptor outer segment membrane (By similarity). Belongs to the adenylyl cyclase class-4/guanylyl cyclase family. (1103 aa)
PDE6ARod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit alpha; This protein participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. (860 aa)
GUCA1CGuanylyl cyclase-activating protein 3; Stimulates guanylyl cyclase 1 (GC1) and GC2 when free calcium ions concentration is low and inhibits guanylyl cyclases when free calcium ions concentration is elevated. This Ca(2+)-sensitive regulation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) is a key event in recovery of the dark state of rod photoreceptors following light exposure. (209 aa)
SLC24A1Sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 1; Critical component of the visual transduction cascade, controlling the calcium concentration of outer segments during light and darkness. Light causes a rapid lowering of cytosolic free calcium in the outer segment of both retinal rod and cone photoreceptors and the light-induced lowering of calcium is caused by extrusion via this protein which plays a key role in the process of light adaptation. Transports 1 Ca(2+) and 1 K(+) in exchange for 4 Na(+). (1099 aa)
RGS9Regulator of G-protein signaling 9; Inhibits signal transduction by increasing the GTPase activity of G protein alpha subunits thereby driving them into their inactive GDP-bound form. Binds to GNAT1. Involved in phototransduction; key element in the recovery phase of visual transduction (By similarity). (674 aa)
GRK7Rhodopsin kinase GRK7; Retina-specific kinase involved in the shutoff of the photoresponse and adaptation to changing light conditions via cone opsin phosphorylation, including rhodopsin (RHO). Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. AGC Ser/Thr protein kinase family. GPRK subfamily. (553 aa)
CALM3Calmodulin-1; Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis. Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C. Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2. (149 aa)
RHORhodopsin; Photoreceptor required for image-forming vision at low light intensity. Required for photoreceptor cell viability after birth. Light- induced isomerization of the chromophore 11-cis-retinal to all-trans- retinal triggers a conformational change that activates signaling via G-proteins. Subsequent receptor phosphorylation mediates displacement of the bound G-protein alpha subunit by the arrestin SAG and terminates signaling. (348 aa)
CALML6Calmodulin-like protein 6; Calmodulin like 6; Belongs to the calmodulin family. Calglandulin subfamily. (181 aa)
CALML3Calmodulin-like protein 3; May function as a specific light chain of unconventional myosin-10 (MYO10), also enhances MYO10 translation, possibly by acting as a chaperone for the emerging MYO10 heavy chain protein. May compete with calmodulin by binding, with different affinities, to cellular substrates. (149 aa)
PDE6GRetinal rod rhodopsin-sensitive cGMP 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit gamma; Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G- protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones. (87 aa)
GRK1Rhodopsin kinase GRK1; Retina-specific kinase involved in the signal turnoff via phosphorylation of rhodopsin (RHO), the G protein- coupled receptor that initiates the phototransduction cascade. This rapid desensitization is essential for scotopic vision and permits rapid adaptation to changes in illumination (By similarity). May play a role in the maintenance of the outer nuclear layer in the retina (By similarity). (563 aa)
GNB1Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1; Guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) are involved as a modulator or transducer in various transmembrane signaling systems. The beta and gamma chains are required for the GTPase activity, for replacement of GDP by GTP, and for G protein-effector interaction. (340 aa)
CALML5Calmodulin-like protein 5; Binds calcium. May be involved in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes. (146 aa)
CNGA1cGMP-gated cation channel alpha-1; Subunit of the rod cyclic GMP-gated cation channel, which is involved in the final stage of the phototransduction pathway. When light hits rod photoreceptors, cGMP concentrations decrease causing rapid closure of CNGA1/CNGB1 channels and, therefore, hyperpolarization of the membrane potential. (759 aa)
SAGS-arrestin; Binds to photoactivated, phosphorylated RHO and terminates RHO signaling via G-proteins by competing with G-proteins for the same binding site on RHO (By similarity). May play a role in preventing light-dependent degeneration of retinal photoreceptor cells. (405 aa)
CALML4Calmodulin-like protein 4; Calmodulin like 4; Belongs to the calmodulin family. (196 aa)
PDE6BRod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta; This protein participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Necessary for the formation of a functional phosphodiesterase holoenzyme; Belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. (854 aa)
Your Current Organism:
Homo sapiens
NCBI taxonomy Id: 9606
Other names: H. sapiens, human, man
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